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AbstractData Management is the execution of a pool of interaction among the nodes. Hence, a number of proposals
activities on a set of data to conform to the end user data have been submitted in recent years targeting the individual
requisitions. MANET is an emerging discipline of computer issues of data management like knowledge discovery,
networks in which a group of roaming hosts spontaneously caching and query processing etc. Additionally, a number of
establishes the network among themselves. The employment of data management frameworks have appeared for MANET
data management in MANET can engender a number of useful during last few years, that include MoGATU [1, 2],
applications. However, data management in MANET is a DRIVE[3] and CHaMeLeoN [4] etc.
taxing job as it requires deliberation on a number of research
issues (e.g. knowledge representation, knowledge discovery,
Despite the significance of the data management problem
caching, and security etc.). This paper provides a detailed
and the massive volume of research work in this area, we
account of the data management problem and its issues, which
is lacking in current literature. Along with highlighting the feel the famine of a comprehensive survey reporting the data
current solutions available for various issues of data management problem and its issues. This paper discuses the
management, it also presents a comparative analysis of existing problem of data management in detail. Along with an
data management frameworks and also points out future abridgment of various issues of data management, it provides
research directions a comparative analysis of the existing for data management.
It also mentions the current status of data management
Keywords- Data Management, Mobile Ad hoc Network, problem and future research avenues.
Knowledge Representation, Knowledge Discovery, Caching,
Replication, Security TABLE I. A SUMMARY OF DATA MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN MANET
Problem Challenges Existing Solutions
I. INTRODUCTION Knowledge diverse data sources, ontology (RDF, OWL),
Mobile Ad hoc Network is defined as an improvised and Representation limited resources, lack attributes
infrastructure-less network G that is created between a of uniform data
representation standards
number of mobile hosts N={n1,n2,n3,} that are connected Knowledge lack of global catalog, P2P and centralized
via wireless links E={e1,e2,e3,}. Because of their special Discovery spatial and temporal solutions, cross layer
properties, such networks can engender a number of useful variations solutions
applications. This includes vehicular ad hoc networks, Caching limited resources, profile driven,
disaster management and ubiquitous computing etc. diversity of data sources cooperative, semantic,
However, the viability of these applications demand proper correlation-based
caching
addressing of a number of issues that are collectively termed Replication network partitioning, correlation based / data
as data management issues. If represents an alphabet and power, mobility, link access frequency based
D={d1,d2,d3,} signifies a set of data. We define data failures replication
management as the activities 1, 2, 3... applied on data to Query context awareness, profile Driven querying,
ascertain that end users can access their desired information. Processing and resource limitations location based querying
Optimization
Formally we can write:
Security open nature, lack of intrusion detection,
(1) security infrastructure cryptography and secure
routing
Even though data management has been studied
extensively for traditional systems, it demands fresh
mechanisms to cope with the unique challenges of MANET. II. DATA MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN MANET
For example, the unreliable nodes of MANET make it very Data Management is not an atomic activity but comprises
difficult to maintain a consistent picture of currently of a number of sub-activities. This sections talk about these
available data on the network. Similarly, the open nature of sub-activities along with literature that addresses the
the network engenders privacy and integrity issues during
challenges associated with these sub-activities. Table I MANET to work with their local data during network
provides a summary of these issues. failures or due to the absence of owner of foreign data.
Caching is an important step towards enabling the offline
A. Knowledge Representation Issue mode of operation. It allows the nodes to cache the likely to
The heterogeneous temperament of MANET grounds the be useful information locally, such that end user can work
knowledge representation activity as one of the core issues of with this information in case of any exigent situation. If f is
any data management systems. If fR:D D represents the the function and c1,c2,c3, are the cache slots, then caching
knowledge representation operation, then: process can be mathematically represented as:
fR(D) = {D | f :f (D) = D} (2) caching(d) ={cd : f (cd) = min (f(c1),f(c2), f(c3) , ) (4)
In research literature, different schemes for knowledge Traditional algorithms (like LRU, MFU and FIFO) prove
representation have been proposed based on identifiers [18], to be naive in MANET because of the diversity of data
attributes [19] and interfaces [20]. However, ontology can sources that makes these simple heuristics ineffective. Also,
be regarded as one of the most effective way of knowledge the resource limitation of MANET poses a significant
representation as it addresses the issues of syntactic and challenge during cache management. Hence, numerous
semantic interoperability very well. In ontology based ingenious caching schemes have appeared during last few
solutions, original data is represented by expressing the data years.
and corresponding semantic information in the form of an
ontology document encoded using any formal language like In cooperative caching[29],[30],[31], the neighbors of the
RDF, DAML and OWL etc. Solutions that propose ontology caching node work together with the node to determine the
for knowledge representation include [21] and [22]. contents to be cached. A semantic caching scheme considers
the semantics of the data during the cache replacement stage.
[32] presents a semantic scheme based on Bayesian
B. Knowledge Discovery Issue probability for caching of images. In [33], a caching scheme
To enable the true potential of MANET, it is very vital to based on correlation among data items have been proposed
discover the information available across other hosts on the that prioritizes the cache contents based on the relationship
network. We can define the knowledge discovery process as with the item to be replaced. The slot with lowest priority
follows: content is selected as the victim slot.
Framework Discovery Caching Replication Security Consistency/ Ontology Query Query Cross
Transaction Processing Optimization Layering
Management
CHaMeLeoN
MoGATU
DRIVE
Ambient DB
[16, 17]
* represents a sketchy solution for the said issue