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KziAvb-mybv ni AvjvK cvkvK, c`v I `n-mv

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2. BkvqvZ Bmjvg KzZze Lvbv, 2/2 `vim mvjvg, wgicyi, XvKv-1216
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cKvk Kvj : Rvbyqvix 2007 Cmvqx tru
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Qur'an-Sunnaher Aloke Poshak, Porda O Deho-Sojja (Dress, Hijab and tidiness in the Light of
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the Qur'an and Sunnah) by Dr. Khandaker Abdullah Jahangir. Published by As-Sunnah
Pablications, Jaman Supur Market, B. B. Road, Jhenidah-7300. January 2007. Price TK 220.00
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Contents

m~Pxc
c_g Aavq : Bmjvgi `wZ cvkvK /15-86
1. 1. cvkvKi iZ /15
1. 2. cvkvK eenvi ckZv /16
1. 3. Bmjvgx cvkvKi mvaviY ewk /18
1. 3. 1. mZi AveZ Kiv /18
1. 3. 2. cvZjv I AuvUmuvU cvkvK eRb /18
1. 3. 3. bvix I cyili cvkvKi ^vZ /20
1. 3. 4. Anvi I cwmwi cvkvK eRb /22
1. 3. 5. cyili Rb ikg wbwl /25
1. 3. 6. cyili cvkvK Mvovjxi Dci ivLvi wb`k /27
1. 3. 6. 1.^v_ci I AnsKvix cvvZ msw Zi AvMvmb /36
1. 3. 6. 2 Anvinxbfve cvkvK viv UvLby AveZ Kiv /38
1. 3. 7. gwnjvì cvkvK c`hyMj AveZ Kie /43
om
1. 3. 8. Qwe ev agxq cZxK m^wjZ cvkvK /45
1. 3. 9. eoì Rb wbwl cvkvK wkì civbv /49
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1. 3. 10. cwiQbZv, m`h I myMw /50
1. 3. 11. mijZv I webq /55
st
1. 3. 12. Av_-mvgvwRK Aevi mv_ mvgm /59
1. 4. cvkvK welqK wKQz Bmjvgx Avè /62 tru
1. 4. 1. Wvb w`K _K cwiavb I evg w`K _K Lvjv /62
h
1. 4. 2. bZzb cvkvK cwiavbi mgq /63
na
1. 4. 3. cvkvK cwiavbi I cwiwnZi `vqv /64

1. 5. cvkvK I mvjvZ /66
un
1. 5. 1. GKwUgv Kvco mvjvZ /68

1. 5. 1. 1. GKwUgv Pvì mvjvZ /69
ss
1. 5. 1. 2. GKwUgv Kvgxm mvjvZ /76

1. 5. 1. 3. GKwUgv cvRvgvq mvjvZ /78
.a
1. 5. 2. GKvwaK Kvco mvjvZ /81

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1. 5. 3. mvjvZi ga AcQ`bxq cvkvK /85

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wZxq Aavq : cvkvK I AbyKiY /87-128

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2. 1. Agymwjg I cvcxì AbyKiY eRb /87

2. 1. 1. cvkvKi iO AbyKiY eRb /89
2. 1. 2. RyZv Lyjvq AbyKiY eRb /90
2. 1. 3. Pvì cwiavb AbyKiY eRb /92
2. 1. 4. `vwo iO Kivq AbyKiY eRb /92
2. 1. 5. `vwo, Muvd, cvRvgv, jyw I RyZvq AbyKiY eRb /92
2. 1. 6. mvvwnK QzwU ev wèm cvjb AbyKiY eRb /94
2. 1. 7. nvZ bo mvjvg c`vb AbyKiY eRb /94
2. 1. 8. emvi cwZZ AbyKiY eRb /95
2. 1. 9. evwoNi I AvwObv cwivi Ki AbyKiY eRb /96
2. 1. 10. beel, Drme I cveb AbyKiY eRb /96
2. 1. 11. Avmeve-c AbyKiY eRb /97
2. 1. 12. Pzji QuvU AbyK iY eRb /97
2. 1. 13. cvkvK-dvkb AbyKiY eRb /97
Contents

2. 1. 14. AbyKiY eRbi chvq I cKvi /99
2. 1. 15. cvkvK cwiQ` gymwjg Dvni ^vZi aviv /100
2. 2. ivm~jjy v n ( )-Gi AbyKiY /102
2. 2. 1. AbyKiYi mvaviY wb`kbv /102
2. 2. 2. cvkvKx I RvMwZK AbyKiYi wekl wb`kbv /103
2. 2. 3. cvkvKx AbyKiYi wevw /111
2. 2. 3. 1. Beby mxixb I m~dxi cvkvK /111
2. 2. 3. 2. Bev`vZ ebvg gyAvgvjvZ /114
2. 2. 3. 3. e AbyKiY ebvg AvswkK AbyKiY /116
2. 2. 3. 4. mybvZi bvg mybv Zi weivwaZv /120
2. 2. 3. 5. cvkvKx AbyKiY iZnxb fvev /124
ZZxq Aavq : mybv Zi AvjvK cvkvK /129-244
3. 1. Bhvi ev jyw /129
3. 1. 1. Bhvii AvqZb /129
om
3. 1. 2. Bhvi cwiavb cwZ /130
3. 1. 3. Bhvi ev jywi iO /131
3. 2. wi`v ev Pvì /132
.c
3. 2. 1. wi`vi AvqZb /132
st
3. 2. 2. wi`v ev Pvì cwiavb cwZ /133
3. 2. 3. jyw I Pvì welqK nv`xmwji cwZcv` /134 tru
3. 3. Kvgxm ev Rvgv /135
3. 3. 1. wcq cvkvK I evcK eenvi /135
h
3. 3. 2. Rvgvi weeiY, `N I Avwbi `N /138
na
3. 3. 3. Rvgvi evZvg /141

3. 3. 4. Rvgvi mv_ jyw, cvRvgv ev Pvì eenvi /143
un
3. 3. 5. Kvgxm welqK nv`xmwji cwZcv` /146

3. 4. cvRvgv /147
ss
3. 4. 1. jywi Pq cvRvgvi eenvi Kg wQj /147

.a
3. 4. 2. cvRvgv eenvii evcKZv /149

3. 4. 3. ivm~jyjv n KZK cvRvgv q /149
w
3. 4. 4. ivm~jyjv n KZK cvRvgv cwiavb /150

w
3. 4. 5. eo cvRvgv I QvU cvRvgv /151

3. 4. 6. em ev ùvwoq cvRvgv cwiavb /152
w
3. 4. 7. cvRvgv welqK nv`xmwji cwZcv` /152

3. 5. Ryev I KvZv /153
3. 6. ivm~jjy v n ()-Gi cvkvKi iO /156
3. 6. 1. Kvj iO /156
3. 6. 2. meyR iO /157
3. 6. 3. mv`v iO /158
3. 6. 4. jvj iO /159
3. 6. 4. 1. jvj iOi eaZv /159
3. 6. 4. 2. jvj iO eenvi Avcw /162
3. 6. 4. 3. jvj iO welqK nv`xmwji mg^q /164
3. 6. 5. njy` iO /164
3. 6. 5. 1. njy` iOi eaZv /165
3. 6. 5. 2. njy` iO eenvi Avcw /167
Contents

3. 6. 5. 3. njy` iO welqK nv`xmwji mg^q /168
3. 6. 6. wgwkZ iO /169
3. 6. 7. cvkvKi iO welqK nv`xmwji cwZcv` /170
3. 7. ivm~jjy vn -Gi cvkvKi g~jgvb /170
3. 8. Uzwc /172
3. 8. 1. ivm~jjy vn -Gi Uzwc /174
3. 8. 2. g~mv (Av)-Gi Uzwc /179
3. 8. 3. mvnvexMYi Uzwc /180
3. 8. 3. 1. mvnvexMYi Uzwc cwiavb /180
3. 8. 3. 2. mvnvexMYi Uzwc cwiZvM /181
3. 8. 3. 3. mvnvexMYi Uzwci AvKwZ /183
3. 8. 4. Uzwci dhxjZ /184
3. 8. 4. 1. nv`xmwUi mb` /184
3. 8. 4. 2. nv`xmwUi A_ /185
3. 8. 5. eyib~m ev Rvgvi mv_ mshy Uzwc /187
om
3. 8. 6. ZvweqxMYi hyM Uzwc /188
3. 8. 7. Uzwc welqK nv`xm mg~ni cwZcv` /190
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3. 9. cvMwo /192
3. 9. 1. ivm~jyjv n ()-Gi cvMwo eenvi /192
st
3. 9. 2. ivm~jjy vn ()-Gi cvMwo civbv /194 tru
3. 9. 3. mvnvevq Kivgi cvMwo /196
h
3. 9. 4. wdwikZvMYi cvMwo /197
na
3. 9. 5. cvMwoi `N /198
3. 9. 6. cvMwoi eenvi cwZ /199
un
3. 9. 6. 1. wPeyKi wbP w`q cuP Ìqv /199

3. 9. 6. 2. cvMwoi cv ev cvq Szjvbv /201
ss
3. 9. 6. 3. cvMwoi cv bv Szjvbv /203

3. 9. 7. cvMwoi iO /203
.a
3. 9. 7. 1. Kvj cvMwo /203

3. 9. 7. 2. njy` cvMwo /204
w
3. 9. 7. 3. meyR cvMwo /205

w
3. 9. 7. 4. mv`v cvMwo /206

w
3. 9. 7. 5. jvj cvMwo /208

3. 9. 8. cvMwo cwiavb Drmvn c`vb /209
3. 9. 8. 1. m`h I ghv `vi Rb cvMwo /209
3. 9. 8. 2. mvjvZ Av`vqi Rb cvMwo /215
3. 9. 9. cvMwo welqK nv`xm mg~ni cwZcv` /219
3. 10. gv_vi igvj ev Pvì /221
3. 10. 1. gv_vq igvj eenvi Avcw /222
3. 10. 2. gv_vq igvj eenvi AbygwZ /225
3. 10. 3. gv_vq igvj eenvi AvwjgMYi gZvgZ /232
3. 10. 4. igvj eenvi welqK nv`xmwji cwZcv` /232
3. 11. mybv Zi AvjvK cPwjZ cvkvKvw` /234
3. 11. 1. jyw /235
3. 11. 2. aywZ /235
3. 11. 3. cvRvgv, cvU /236
Contents

3. 11. 4. Rvwqv, nvdcvU BZvw` /236
3. 11. 5. Pvì /237
3. 11. 6. Mw, dZzB BZvw` /237
3. 11. 7. cvvex, wcinvb BZvw` /237
3. 11. 8. kvU /238
3. 11. 9. KvU, kiIqvbx BZvw` /239
3. 11. 10. Ryev /240
3. 11. 11. UvB /241
3. 11. 12. Uzwc /242
3. 11. 13. cvMwo /243
3. 11. 14. gv_vi igvj /244
PZz_ Aavq : gwnjvì cvkvK I c`v /245-322
4. 1. cvkvK ebvg c`v /245
4. 2. cvkvKi kvjxbZv /247
om
4. 3. gymwjg gwnjvi cvkvKi ewk /250
4. 3. 1. gwnjvi mZi /250
4. 3. 1. 1. bvixi mZii chvq /251
.c
4. 3. 1. 2. gyLgj I KiZjq /256
st
4. 3. 1. 2. 1. cKvk m`h /256
4. 3. 1. 2. 2. Mvcb m`h /269 tru
4. 3. 1. 3. c`hyMj /279
4. 3. 2. `wi c`v /280
h
4. 3. 3. ewnevm I wRjevei mvaviYZ /187
na
4. 3. 4. wXjXvjv I ^vfvweK Kvcoi cvkvK /189

4. 3. 5. gwnjvì cvkvKi mvZ /293
un
4. 3. 6. Agymwjg I cvcxì AbyK iY eRb /294

4. 4. mybvZi AvjvK gwnjvì cvkvK /295
ss
4. 4. 1. Bhvi /296
.a
4. 4. 2. cvRvgv /297
4. 4. 3. wìA, Kvgxm I wi`v /298
w
4. 4. 4. wLgvi ev gveiY /298

w
4. 4. 5. wbKve ev gyLveiY /300

w
4. 4. 6. nvZgvRv I cv-gvRv /300

4. 4. 7. wRjeve I eviKv /301
4. 5. ewnMgb I mswgkYi kvjxbZv /302
4. 5. 1. myMw eenvi wbwl /302
4. 5. 2. gY I mswgkY /305
4. 6. bvixi c`v ebvg cyili `vwqZ /307
4. 7. gwnjvì mvjvZi cvkvK /310
4. 8. gwnjvì cPwjZ cvkvKvw` /315
4. 8. 1. kvox /315
4. 8. 2. evDR /316
4. 8. 3. cwUKvU ev mvqv /317
4. 8. 4. gvw /317
4. 8. 5. KvgxR (Kvgxm) /317
4. 8. 6. cvRvgv, mjvqvi, cvU /318
Contents

4. 8. 7. Iobv, vd ev gKveiY /319
4. 8. 8. Abvb cvkvK /320
4. 8. 9. eviKv /321
cg Aavq: `wnK cvwicvU /323-358
5. 1. Pyj /323
5. 1. 1. cyili Pzj /323
5. 1. 1. 1. Pzj ivLv ebvg gyb Kiv /323
5. 1. 1. 2. Pzji hZ /331
5. 1. 2. gwnjvi Pzj /333
5. 1. 2. 1. Pzj ivLv, QvUv I KvUv /333
5. 1. 2. 2. Kwg Pzj mshvRb /335
5. 2. `vwo /336
5. 2. 1. nv`xmi wb`kbv /336
5. 2. 2. dKxnMYi gZvgZ /340
5. 2. 3. mgKvjxb ceYZv /344
om
5. 2. 3. 1. `vwo ivLvi iZ jvNe /345
5. 2. 3. 2. `vwo eo ivLvi iZ jvNe /348
.c
5. 2. 3. 3. Bmjvgx AveM I hyw /351
st
5. 3. Muvd, bL BZvw` /353
5. 4. , cvcwo, Dw I bvK-Kvb duvovbv /357 tru
kl K_v /358
h
Mc w /359-368
na
un
ss
.a
w
w
w
Contents

MKvi iwPZ Abvb Mi ga iqQ:
1. KziAvb-mybv ni AvjvK Bmjvgx AvKx`v
2. Bmjvg c`v
3. GnBqvDm mybvb: mybvZi cybixeb I weÀvZi wemRb
4. ivn ejvqvZ: ivm~jyjv n ( )-Gi whK&i-Ihxdv
5. gymjgvbx bmve: AviKvb Bmjvg I Ihxdvq ivm~j ()
6. evsjv`k Dki ev dmji hvKvZ : iZ I cqvM
7. nv`xmi mb` wePvi cwZ I mnxn nv`xmi AvjvK
mvjvZzj Cì AwZwi ZvKexi
8. Avjvni c_ `vIqvZ
9. gybvRvZ I bvgvh
10. nv`xmi bvg RvwjqvwZ: cPwjZ wg_v nv`xm I wfwnxb K_v
11. Bmjvgi bvg Rwev`: AvjvwPZ I AbvjvwPZ KviYmg~n
om
Dcii Mwj ev jLKi jLv Abvb M mK RvbZ ev msMn KiZ hvMvhvM
.c
Kib:
st
1. gv. evnvDxb, gvbRvi, Avm-mybv n cvewjKk, Rvgvb mycvi gvKU (3q Zjv), we. we. ivW (cv Awdmi gvo).
wSbvB`n-7300| gvevBj bs 01711-152954| tru
2. Avjnv gvIjvbv gv. Bw`m Avjx, gynZvwgg, RvwgqvZzj KziAvwbj Kvixg, `vik kvixqvn LvbKvq dzidziv, cvKkx,
Bki`x, cvebv| gvevBj bs 01717153923|
h
3. gvIjvbv Av. m. g. kvqvBe Avng`, ck Bgvg, K`xq gmwR`, Bmjvgx wekwe`vjq, Kzwqv-7003| dvb 62201-
na
G: 2431; gvevBj, 0193918328|

3. gv. Avbvqvi nvmb, BkvqvZ Bmjvg KzZzeLvbv, 2/2 `vim mvjvg, wgicyi, XvKv-1216| dvb bs 02-9009738
un
ss
.a
w
w
w
Contents
c_g Aavq :
Bmjvgi `wZ cvkvK
1. 1. cvkvKi iZ
KziAvb Kvixg cvkvKK gvbe mfZvi g~j ewk I gvbe RvwZi cwZ gnvb Avjvni AbZg wbqvgZ I KiYv
wnme DjL Kiv nqQ| gnvb Avjvn ejb:
.

.

n Av`g mvbMY, Zvgvì jvvb XvKevi I ekfylvi Rb Avwg ZvgvìK cvkvK-cwiQ` w`qwQ Ges
ZvKIqvi (AvZivi) cwiQ`B mevrK| Zv Avjvni wb`kbmgni AbZg, hvZ Zviv Dc`k MnY Ki| n Av`g
mvbMY, kqZvb hb ZvgvìK wKQzZB cjy bv Ki, h fve Zvgvì wcZvgvZvK m RvbvZ _K ewnKZ
KiwQj, ZvìK Zvì jvvb `Lvevi Rb m ZvìK wee KiwQj|304
om
Ab Bikv` Kiv nqQ:

.c

st
Ges wZwb Zvgvì Rb eev KiQb cwiaq ei, hv Zvgvì Zvc nZ iv Ki Ges wZwb eev
tru
KiQb Zvgvì Rb egi hv ZvgvìK hy iv Ki| Gfve wZwb Zvgvì cwZ Zvi AbyMn c~Y Kib, hvZ
Zvgiv AvZmgcb Ki|305
h
1. 2. cvkvK eenvi ckZv
na
Bmjvg meKvji I mehMy Mi mgM gvbe RvwZi Rb vqx Rxeb eev Ges wekRbxb I meRbxb ag| KziAvb
Kvixg, nv`xm ivm~j I mvnvexMYi RxebcwZ _K Avgiv `LZ cvB h, GZ `ywU welqi cwZ j ivLv nqQ:
un
GKw`K wekl j ivLv nqQ hb hyM, mgvR, mvgvwRK iwP I AvPvi AvPiYi cwieZbi dj Bmjvgi agxq ic
cwieZb bv Avm| nvRvi nvRvi eQi cii Bmjvg I ivm~jjy v n -Gi hyMi Bmjvgi agxq KgKv I AvPvi Abyvb GK I
ss
Awfb _vKe| Zgwb nvRvi gvBji eeavbI Gi ici Kvbv cwieZb ne bv| G Rb agxq welq, Bev`Z e`wMi mKj
.a
cwZ, cKiY I ic mKj hyMi mKj gymjgvbK mevg Av`k ivm~jjy v n -Gi hyMi gZvB _vKZ ne| wbRì
AwfiwP, fvjvjvMv ev g`jvMvi AvjvK agi ga bZzb Kvbv Kg ev ixwZ-cwZ cPjb KiZ cvie bv|
w
Aci w`K j ivLv nqQ h, hyM, mgvR, AvPvi-AvPiY BZvwì cwieZbi KviY Bmjvgi AvnKvg cvjb
w
hb Kviv Kvbv Amyweav bv nq| mKj hyMi mKj `ki gvbyliv hb mnRB Rxeb ag Bmjvg cvjb KiZ cvi|
w
GRb Bev`Zi DcKiY, vb, RvMwZK cqvRb, mvgvwRK AvPvi, wkvPvi BZvwì welq wekl ckZv c`vb KiQ|
mvaviY wKQy g~jbxwZi ga _K mKj hyMi mKj `ki gvbyliv cqvRb Abymvi weeZb, cwieZb ev cwieabi myhvM
cqQb| G Rb mKj gymwjgi AvKx`v, mvjvZ, wmqvg, nR, wZjvIqvZ, whwKi, Zvmexn, Rvbvhv, `vqv BZvw` mKj
Bev`Z-g~jK Kg mKj w`K _K c_g hyMi gZvB ne| Ze nRi hvbevnb wewfb cKvii nZ cvi, gmwRì MVb
cwZ AvenvIqv ev Abvb cqvRb wewfb nZ cvi, KziAvb wkv cwZ gwLK, wjwLZ ev BjKUwbK nZ cvi|
Gwji cwZi ga KD Kvbv wekl mvIqve AvQ ej gb Kib bv, mvIqve g~j Bev`Z cvjb| Zgwb LvIqv-
`vIqv, Avevm, fvlv, Pvlvev`, wPwKrmv BZvw` mKj RvMwZK welqB wewfbZv I weeZbi myhvM iqQ|
GB g~jbxwZi AvjvK cvkvK cwiQì welq ckZv c`vb Kiv nqQ| wekl wKQy g~jbxwZi ga
Aevb Ki gywgbK wbRi cQ` gZ cvkvK cwiQ` eenvii AbygwZ c`vb Kiv nqQ| GRb cvkvKi 4wU
chvq iqQ : 1. dih-IqvwRe ev AvekKxq hv cvjb bv Kij cvc ne, 2. nvivg ev wbwl hv Kij cvc ne, 3. Dg
hv cvjb Kij mvIqve ne Ze bv Kij Mvbvn ne bv I 4. Rvqh| c_g `ywU chvqi weavbvejx mxwgZ| Gwji
evBi gywgb Rvqh ev Dg cvkvK eQ beb|
Contents

gnvb Avjvn KziAvb Kvixg Bikv` KiQb :

.

n Av`g mvbMY, Zvgiv cZK gmwRì wbKU m`h (cvkvK) MnY Ki Ges Zvgiv LvI Ges cvb Ki Ges
AcPq Kiv bv| wbq wZwb AcPqKvixì cQ` Kib bv| Avcwb ejyb: Avjvn Zuvi ev`vì Rb h m`h (cvkvK) I
cwe Avb` I gRvi ewj ei KiQb Zv nvivg ev wbwl Kijv K? Avcwb ejyb: mwj gywgbì Rb cvw_e Rxeb
Ges wKqvgZ ay Zvì RbB|306
Avyjv n Beby Avgi (iv) ejb, ivm~jyjv n ejQb:

Zvgiv (BQvgZ) LvI, cvb Ki, `vb Ki, cwiavb Ki, hZY Zv AcPq I Anvi wgwkZ bv ne| nv`xmwU
om
307
mnxn|
Avyjv n Beby Avevm (iv) ejb,
.c

st

tru
Zvgvi hv BQv LvI, hv BQv cwiavb Ki, hv BQv cvb Ki, hZY Zzwg `ywU welq _K gy _vKQ : AcPq I
AnwgKv| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|308
h
1. 3. Bmjvgx cvkvKi mvaviY ewk
na
1. 3. 1. mZi AveZ Kiv

un
Dcii AvqvZ _K Avgiv RbwQ h, jvvb ev `ni Mvcb Askmg~n (private parts) AveZ KivB cvkvKi
g~j Dk| Bmjvgx cwifvlvq AveZe vK AvIivZ ev mZi ejv nq| cyili Rb bvwf _K nuvUz ch vb AvIivZ
ss
ej MY| `ni G AskUzKz x Qvov Ab gvbyli `w _K AveZ Ki ivLv dih| wevwiZ welq Bgvg I dKxnMYi ga wKQz
gZf` _vKjI gvUvgywU AwaKvsk dKxn I Bgvg G welq GKgZ| Avyjv n Beby Avevm (iv) ejb, ivm~jyjv n ejQb:
.a
Ei AveZe v| nv`xmwU mnxn309

w
Ab nv`xm Avyjv n Beby Avgi (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejb:

w

bvwfi wbg _K nuvUz ch AveZe v| nv`xmwUi mb` gvUvgywU MnYhvM ev nvmvb|310
gwnjvì AvDivZ ev AveZe v mK GB cy Ki 4_ Aavq Avgiv wevwiZ AvjvPbv Kivi Avkv
iwL|
1. 3. 2. cvZjv I Auv UmuvU cvkvK eRb
Contents

Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, Bmjvgx cvkvKi c_g dih ev AZvekKxq w`K h Zv AvIivZ ev mZi AveZ
Kie| AvIivZ Qvov `ni Abvb wKQz Ask AveZ Kiv mybv Z ev gyv nve| mZi AbveZ ivL Gic cvkvK cwiavb
Kiv nvivg| GRb cvZjv I AuvUmuvU cvkvK Bmjvg wbwl Kiv nqQ|
hw` cwiaq cvkvK Gic nq h, AveZ Aski Pvgov ev e AvKwZ Zvi evBi _K dzU IV Zvnj Zv
cvkvKi Dk c~iY Ki bv| nv`xm kixd GBic cvkvK cwiavb Kiv wbla Kiv nqQ|
`vgyivn Beby mvjvevn (iv) ejb,

wZwb GKRvov Bqvgvbx Kvco (mjvBwenxb jyw I Pvì) cwiavb Ki ivm~jjy v n ()-Gi wbKU AvMgb Kib|
ivm~jjy v n () ejb, n `vgyivn, Zzwg wK gb Ki h Zvgvi GB Kvco `ywU ZvgvK RvbvZ cek Kive? `vgyivn ejb:
n Avjvni ivm~j, Avcwb hw` Avgvi Rb Avjvni KvQ gv cv_bv Kib Ze Avwg emvi AvMB (GLwb) Kvco `yw U Lyj
dje| ZLb bexRx () ejjb: n Avjvn, Avcwb `vgyivnK gv Ki w`b| ZLb `vgyivn `Z hq Zvi Kvco `ywU
om
Lyj djb| nv`xmwUi mb` MnYhvM|311
mvnvex Rvixi Beby Avyjv n (iv) ejb :
.c

st
AbK gvbyl cvkvK cwiavb Kiv Aevq Dj _vKb, A_vr Zvi cvkvK cvZjv ev mQ nIqvi KviY mZi
AveZ nq bv| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn| 312 tru
GLvb DjL h, kixii h AskUzKz AveZ Kiv dih Zvi evBii Aski Rb cvZjv Kvco cwiavb KiZ
h
AbygwZ w`qQb Kvbv Kvbv mvnvex, hwÌ mvaviYfve Zviv cvZjv ev mQ Kvcoi eenvi mKj AcQ`
KiZb|313 Kvbv Kvbv mvnvex-Zvweqx cyili Kvgxm (KvwgR ev wcinvb), Pvì I cvMwoi cvZjv Kvcoi
na
eenvi Avcw Kib wb|

un
BKwigvn ejb, Beby Avevmi (iv) GKwU cvZjv Pvì wQj| Avex`vn ejb, Avwg cLvZ Zvweqx dKxn Kvmg
Beby gynvv` Beby Ave~ eKi wmxKK GKwU cvZjv mQ Kvgxm ev Rvgv cwiavb Aevq `LwQ| Avdjvn ejb, Kvmg
ss
Beby gynvv`K GKwU cvZjv Pvì cwiavb Aevq `LwQ| Avbxm Aveyj DiBqvb ejb: nvmvb Beby gynvv` Beby Avjx
Beby Avex Zvwje GKwU cvZjv I mQ cvMwo I Abyic GKwU Kvgxm cwiavb KiZb| RvgvwU GZ mQ wQj h, Zvi wbPi
.a
Bhvi ev jyw `Lv hZ|314

Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, dih mZi AveZ nj evKx `ni Rb cvZjv Kvcoi cvkvK cwiavb AvcwKi bq| Ze
w
AvuUmuvU I mZi eYbvKvix cvkvK mevevq eRbxq| gwnjvì cvkvK I c`v welqK Aavq Avgiv G welq Aviv wKQz nv`xm
w
DjL Kie, Bbkv Avjvn|

w
1. 3. 3. bvix I cyili cvkvKi ^v Z

nv`xm kixd weklfve bvix I cyili cvkvKi ^vZ eRvq ivLvZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ| bvixi Rb
cyilvwj cvkvK I cyili Rb gqwj cvkvK eenvi wbla Kiv nqQ|
GLvb jYxq h, bvix I cyil Abvb AbK mgvRi bvq Aviexq mgvRI g~jZ GKB cKvii cvkvK
cwiavb KiZb| wewfb `k hgb bvix cyil mKjB mjvqvi-Kvgxm cwiavb Kib, Abyicfve AvieI bvix I
cyil mKjB bvg I cKiYi w`K _K cvq GKB cKvii cvkvK cwiavb KiZb, Ze iO, KviKvR, cwiavb cwZ
BZvwì ga cv_K wQj|
ZZxq I PZ_ Aavq Avgiv `Le h, ivm~jjy v n I Zuvi hyMi cyilMY Bhvi ev mjvB-wenxb Lvjv jyw, wi`v
ev Mvqi Pvì, Kvgxm ev AvRvby jw^Z Rvgv, cvRvgv, Rvev, Uzwc, cvMwo, gv_vi Pvì ev igvj BZvw` cwiavb KiZb|
Contents

Zuvi hyMi bvixMY Ges gwnjv mvnvexMYI cvq Abyic cvkvKvw` cwiavb KiZb| Zuviv Bhvi ev Lvjv jyw, wi`v ev Mvqi
Pvì, Kvgxm ev Rvgv, wìA ev gvw, cvRvgv, gv_vi Pvì ev igvj BZvw` cwiavb KiZb|315
Zvnj ^vZ Kv_vq ivLZ ne? ^vZ g~jZ cwiavb cwZ, iO, eenvi, KvwUs, wWRvBb BZvwì ga|
meevvq, h cvkvK cyilì Rb cwiwPZ ev cyiliv h cwZ ev wWRvBbi cvkvK cwiavb Kib gwnjviv Zv cwiavb
Kieb bv| Abyicfve gwnjvì Rb cwiwPZ cvkvK ev wWRvBb cyiliv eenvi Kieb bv|
Ave~ ivBiv (iv) ejb,

h cyil gwnjvì gZ ev gwnjvì cwZZ cvkvK cwiavb Ki Ges h bvix cyilì gZ ev cyilì cwZZ
cvkvK cwiavb Ki ivm~jjy v n ZvìK Awfkvc w`qQb| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|316
eyLvix msKwjZ nv`xm Beby Avevm (iv) ejb,
om
h mKj cyil bvixì AbyKiY Ki Ges h mKj bvix cyilì AbyKiY Ki ivm~jjy v n ZvìK Awfkvc
w`qQb|317
.c
Ab eYbvq Avyjv n Beby Avevm (iv) ejb :
st

tru

h
GKRb gwnjv Kuva abyK Szwjq ivm~jjy v n Gi wbKU w`q Mgb Ki, ZLb wZwb ejb: h mKj bvix
na
cyilì AbyKiY Ki Ges h mKj cyil bvixì AbyKiY Ki Avjvn ZvìK Awfkvc ev jvbZ w`qQb (Zvi KiYv
_K weZvwoZ KiQb|) nv`xmwUi mb` wKQzUv `yej|318
un
Avyjv n Beby Dgvi (iv) GKw`b Dy mvC` webZz Avex RvnjK Kuva abyK Szwjq cyilvwj fwZ nuU hZ
`Lb| ZLb wZwb ejb, Avwg ivm~jjy v n -K ejZ bwQ :
ss

.a
h bvix cyilì AbyKiY mvRmv ev PvjPjb Ki Ges h cyil bvixì AbyKiY mvRmv ev PvjPjb Ki
w
Zviv Avgvì (gymwjg mgvRi) ga MY bq| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|319

w
1. 3. 4. Anvi I cwmwi cvkvK eRb

Bmjvg gvbyli ga mijZv, webq, fvjevmv BZvw` gvbweK Yvejx weKvk mP| GRb AnsKvi, AnwgKv,
^v_ciZv BZvw` gvbeZv weivax YvejxK AZ KwVbfve wb`v Kiv nqQ| cvkvK meY gvbyli `n AveZ Ki
ivL| cvkvKi ga Anvii cKvk _vKj Zv gvbyli `q AnviK vqx Ki `q| GRb cvkvKi I
Anvi ev AnwgKv cKvki Rb ev cwmw ARbi Dk cvkvK cwiavb KiZ nv`xm kixd weklfve wbla Kiv
nqQ|
cwmwi cvkvKi A_, h cvkvK mgvRi mvaviY gvbylì `w AvKlY Ki, A_ev cwiavbKvixK D
cvkvKi KviY Avkcvki gvbylì AvjvPbvi welqe nZ nq| GB cKvii cwmwi cvkvK wewfb cKvii nZ
cvi| AwZ webq cKvkK cvkvK, ewk QovZvwjhy cvkvK, ewk bvsiv cvkvK, AwZ g~jevb cvkvK, mgvR
Contents

AcPwjZ Kvbv dvkb ev wWRvBbi cvkvK, ewi mvgvwRK Aevi mv_ ewk Amgm cvkvK BZvw` h Kvbv
cwmw`vbKvix cvkvK cwiavb nv`xm wbla Kiv nqQ|
Avyjv n Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb:
]

[
h ew cwmwi (`w AvKlYKvix) cvkvK cwiavb Kie wKqvgZi w`b gnvb Avjvn ZvK Abyic cvkvK
civeb Ges ZvZ (Rvnvbvgi) AwM mshvM Kieb| nv`xmwU nvmvb ev MnYhvM|320
Ave~ hvi (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb,

h ew cwmwi cvkvK cwiavb Kie Avjvn Zvi w`K _K gyL wdwiq beb Ges ZvK hLb Pvb AcgvwbZ
Kieb| nv`xmwUi mb` wKQy `yej Zv AvQ, Ze eymxix nv`xmwUK nvmvb ejQb| 321
Ab GKwU `yej mbì nv`xm ewYZ nqQ :

om

.c
bexRx () `y cKvi cwmw _K wbla KiQb: GZ myì cvkvK h Zvi cwZ `w AvKwlZ nq Ges GZ
st
wbgvbi ev RivRxY h Zvi cwZ `w AvKwlZ nq| 322
tru
GLvb jYxq h, Bmjvg hgb cwmw I Anvii cvkvK wbla Kiv nqQ, Zgwb myì, cwiQb I Dg
cvkvK cwiavb KiZ Drmvn c`vb Kiv nqQ, hv Avgiv cieZxZ `LZ cve| mijZv I m`h ARb Ges cwm I
Anvi eRbi ga mg^q mvabi Rb wbPi welqwj AbyavebhvM:
h
1. c_gZ Avgvì eySZ ne h, Anvi g~jZ gvbyli gbi Abyfwy Z| wbRK Abi Pq eo gb Kiv ev
na
Ab KvDK wbRi Pq QvU gb Kiv Anvi| gywgb Zvi `qK GB Abyfwy Z _K cwe ivLeb| h cvkvK Zvi
gb GB Abyfwy Z RvMZ Kie Zv wZwb cwinvi Kieb| Gi evBi Zvi mvgvwRK I A_bwZK Aevi mv_ mvgmc~Y
un
myì cvkvK cwiavb Kieb|

2. nv`xm h cvkvK ev cwiavb cwZ Rvqh Kiv nqQ Zv wbla Kivi Rb Anvi, mijZv, m`h, AcPq
ss
BZvw` welq hyw wnmve ck Kiv hvq bv| hgb nv`xm kixd wbmd mvK cvkvK ciZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ| Kviv
.a
gb nqZ Gfve cvkvK cwiavb Anvi mw KiZ cvi| ZvweqxMYi hyM _KB AbK avwgK gvbyl wbR wbmd mvK
cvkvK cwiavb Ki Avkcvk AbKi w`K ZvwKq feQb, `L! e`gvBkwj wKfve UvLby XK Kvco ciQ! Avwg
w
KZ fvj I eo avwgK!
w
cLvZ Zvweqx AvBEe mvLwZqvbx (131 wn) ejZb:

w
AvMi hyM cwmw wQj cvkvK Szwjq cwiavb Kivq| Avi eZgvb cwmw cvkvK QvU Kivq ev wbmd mvK
Kivq| eYbvwUi mb` mnxn ejB cZxqgvb nq|323
wK GKviY Avgiv wbmd mvK cvkvK cwiavbK XvjvIfve bv-Rvqh ejZ cvie bv| eis hvi gb Anvi
Avme wZwb wbR `q cwe Kivi Rb mybv Zi AvjvK cqvRbxq eev MnY Kieb|
3. nv`xm h cvkvK ev cwiavb cwZ wbla Kiv nqQ Zv Rvqh Kivi RbI Anvi, mijZv, m`h BZvw`
welq hyw wnmve ck Kiv hvq bv| Dcii ew wbRK Anvi gy KiZ UvLby AveZ Ki cvkvK ciZ cvib bv|
welqwU Avgiv cieZxZ wevwiZ AvjvPbv Kie, Bbkv Avjvn|
4. Abyicfve cyilì Rb ikgx cvkvK wbla Kiv nqQ nv`xm| m`h ev Ab Kvbv hywZ Zv ea
Contents

Kiv hve bv| Gfve Avgiv eyS Z cvwi h, h mKj cvkvKK nv`xm kixd Anvi, AnwgKv, cwmw BZvwì KviY
wnmve wPwZ Kiv nqQ, hgb ikgi cvkvK, cvqi wMiv AveZ Kiv cvkvK BZvw` eRb KiZB ne, Dci hw`
Kvbv kixqZ mZ cvkvK cwiavb KijI gbi ga AnwgKv, Mie ev Mei fve AvmQ ev AvmZ cvi ej gywgb
Abyfe Kib Zvnj ZvI wZwb cwiZvM Kieb|
5. GKew Dgvi Bebyj LvveK (iv) ck Ki: wK aibi cvkvK cwiavb Kie? wZwb ejb :
...

h cvkvK cij gyLi v ZvgvK Aenjv Kie bv Ges vbxMY ZvgvK wb`v Kie bv... 5 wìnvg _K 20
wìnvg g~ji| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|324
1. 3. 5. cyi li Rb ikg wbwl
AnwgKv, Mie, m`h I ghv`v cKvki meRbxb gvag ^Y I ikg| Bmjvg wb`wkZ gacvi GKwU wekl
w`K GB h, Bmjvg cyili Rb ^Y I ikgx Kvcoi Zix cvkvK wbwl Kiv nqQ| Ze m~Zx, ckgx ev GB RvZxq
Kvcoi ga mvgvb cwigvb ikgi mswgkY ev KviKvR eenvii AbygwZ Ìqv nqQ| mevevq ikg eenvi
om
wbirmvwnZ Kiv nqQ| G welq AbK nv`xm wewfb M msKwjZ nqQ| GLvb KqKwU nv`xm DjL KiwQ|
Ave~ g~mv AvkAvix (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb :

.c
st
^Y I ikg Avgvi DZi bvixMYi Rb nvjvj Kiv nqQ Ges Avgvi DZi cyilMYi Rb nvivg Kiv nqQ| nv`xmwUi
mb` mnxn|325 tru
eyLvix I gymwjg msKwjZ nv`xm eviv Beby Avwhe (iv) ejb,

h
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ivm~jyjv n AvgvìK 7wU welqi wb`k c`vb KiQb Ges 7wU welq _K wbla KiQb| wZwb
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AvgvìK wb`k w`qQb: 1. Amy ewK `LZ hZ, 2. gZewi Rvbvhvq AskMnY KiZ, 3. nuvwP c`vbKvixi
Avj-nvg`y wjjvn ejvi Di BqvinvgyKvjvn (Avjvn ZvgvK ingZ Kib) ejZ, 4. kc_Kvixi kc_ ivi eev
w
KiZ, 5. AZvPvwiZK mvnvh KiZ, 6. AvnvbKvixi WvK mvov w`Z ev `vIqvZ Keyj KiZ Ges 7. mvjvgi cPjb
w
KiZ| wZwb Avgvì wbla KiQb 1. ^Yi AvswU eenvi KiZ, 2. ici cv cvb KiZ, 3. DU BZvw` evnbi
w
wcVi big jvj iOi evnvix ikgx Kvcoi Zwi Mw` eenvi KiZ, 4. ikgi evnvix Kvco eenvi KiZ, 5. ikg
cwiavb KiZ, 6. gvUv ikgi Kvco cwiavb KiZ Ges 7. ikg w`q eybb Kiv Kvcoi cvkvK cwiavb KiZ|326
jYxq h, wbwl welqwji cvq meB ikg welqK| ZrKvjxb mgvR cPwjZ mKj cKvii ikg viv cZ
Kvcoi cvkvK ev Avmeve eenvi KiZ wZwb weklfve bvg DjL Ki wbla KiQb|
eyLvix-gymwjg msKwjZ nv`xm Avyj v n Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb:

Dgvi Bebyj Lvve (iv) gmwRì ìRvi mvgb ikgi Zwi Rvov Kvco : Bhvi I Pvì (weqi Rb iwZ)
Contents

`LZ cvb| wZwb ejb, n Avjvni ivm~j, Avcwb GB cvkvK q Kib| Avcwb evi gvbylì (mvgb AvMgbi) Rb
Ges AfvMZ gngvbì (mv_ mvvZi) Rb Zv cwiavb Kieb| ivm~jjy v n ejb: GB ikgx Kvco ay ZvivB ci
hvì AvLivZ KvbvB cvIbv bB|327
Ab nv`xm Avbvm Beby gvwjK (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy vn ejQb:

h ew `ywbqvq ikg cwiavb Kie, m KLbB AvLivZ ikg cwiavb Kie bv|328
1. 3. 6. cyili cvkvK Mvovjxi Dci ivLvi wb`k
cyili cvkvK cwiavbi welq ivm~jyjv n GKwU wekl welq AZ iZ c`vb KiQb| wZwb cyili
cvkvKi wbcv cvqi Mvovjx _K wKQy Dci ivLZ wb`k w`qQb Ges f~jywZ Ki cvRvgv, jyw, Rvgv ev Kvbv
cvkvK cwiavb KiZ wbla KiQb|
cvqi Mvovjxi Dci mvgvb DPz nq _vKv nvowUK AviexZ Kve ( )ej| dvimx fvlvq GK UvL&by ejv
nq| mvaviYZ BsiwRZ GK Ankle ejv nq| evsjv Awfavb GRb Mvovjxi MvU Ges jd k eenvi Kiv
nqQ| Ze mvaviYfve gymwjg mgvR UvL&by kwUB ej cwiwPZ, hwÌ evsjv Awfavb GLbv GB kwUi vb nqwb
ejB gb nq|
om
nuvUz _K cvqi Mvovjx ch cvq GKnvZ j^v vbK AviexZ mvK ( )ejv nq| BsiwRZ mvaviYZ GK
shank ejv nq| evsjvq GK bjv, cvqi bjv ev bwj ejv nq _vK|
ivm~jjy v n AMwYZ nv`xm Mvovjxi MvU, jd ev UvLby AveZ Ki cvkvK cwiavb KiZ KVvifve
.c
wbla KiQb| wZwb evisevi wb`k w`qQb h, gywgbi cvkvKi Szj nuvUzi Aa nvZ wbP, cvqi bjvi gvSvgvwS ev
st
wbmd mvK ch _vKe| cqvRb Zv UvLby ch Szjvbv hZ cvi| wK Kvbv IRi ev Kvbv KviYB
tru
BQvKZfve cvkvKi Szj UvLby AveZ Kie bv| GZ ewk nv`xm GZ ewk msLK mvnvexK wZwb G welq wb`k
w`qQb h, welqwU DjL Kiv cqvRbxq gb KiwQ|
Avgiv ZZxq Aaq mybvZi AvjvK cvkvKi AvjvPbvq `Le h, ivm~jjy v n -Gi jyw ev Rvgv me`v
h
na
UvLby-i Dci _vKZ| mvaviYZ Zuvi cvkvKi wbcv nuvUz I Mvovjxi gvSvgvwS ev wbmd mvK ch _vKZ| wewfb
nv`xm wZwb gymwjg Dvni cyilMYK Gfve cvkvK cwiavb KiZ wb`k w`qQb| G mKj nv`xmi g~j wkv GKB :
un
gymwjgi jyw, cvRvgv, Rvgv BZvw` mKj cvkvKi wbcv nuvUz I Mvovjxi gvSvgvwS _vKe| BQv Kij UvL&by ch
bvgvbv hve| Gi wbP cvkvKi wbcv bvgvbv wZwb KwVbfve wbla KiQb| G welqK mKj nv`xm AvjvPbv KiZ
ss
GKwU enr eBGi cqvRb| G welqK nv`xmwj A_i w`K _K gyZvIqvwZi chvqi| GLvb KqKwU mnxn nv`xm DjL
KiwQ|
Ave~ ivBiv (iv) ejb, ivm~jyjv n ejQb,
.a

w
w
UvL&byq (Mvovwji Dcii wMiv)-Gi wbP Bhvii h Ask _vKe Zv RvnvbvZ _vKe| 329
Ave~ mvC` Lyìx (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb :
w

.

gymwjgi Bhvi Zvi cvqi bjvi gvSvgvwS (wbmd mvK) ch _vKe| mLvb _K UvLby ch (bvgvj) Kvbv
Aciva ne bv| UvLbyi wbP hv _vKe Zv RvnvbvZ _vKe| h ew AnsKvi Ki Zvi Bhvi Ub wbq Pje Avjvn Zvi w`K
`wcvZ Kieb bv| nv`xmwU mnxn|330
GLvb Avgiv `ywU evK `LZ cvB| c_g evK ejv nqQ : UvLbyi wbP cvkvKi h Ask _vKe mB Ask
Rvnvbvg _vKe| GLvb AnsKvi, Mie, Me, AnwgKv BZvw` Kvbv K_v DjL Kiv nq wb| Avi wZxq evK ejv
nqQ h, Mefi h ew cvkvK fyjwy Z Ki cwiavb Kie Zvi w`K Avjvn `wcvZ Kieb bv|
Contents

GB nv`xm I mgv_K nv`xmwj _K Avgiv RvbZ cvwi h, h Kvbv Aevq cwiaq cvkvK cvqi wMiv ev
UvLbyi wbP bvgvbv cvc I Gi Rb kvw wbavwiZ iqQ| Avi GB cvci mv_ hw` AnsKvi ev Me mshy nq Zvnj Zvi
kvw Aviv KwVb I fqi; KviY wZxq ew gnvb Avjvni KiYv I gvi `w _K ewZ ne|
cieZx nv`xmwj _K Avgvi `LZ cve h, BQvKZfve Kvco wbPz Ki civB AnsKvi| GRb AmyZv,
cvqi eKj ev Ab Kvbv KviYB ivm~jjy v n Kvco Szwjq civi AbygwZ `b wb| ay AwbQvKZfve hw` Kviv jyw
ev cvkvKi GKwU cv Szj co ev fyjwy Z nq hvq Zvnj `vl ne bv ej RvwbqQb|
Avyjv n Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb, ivm~jyjvn ejb,

h ew Anvi Ki Zvi cvkvK f~jwy Z Ki cwiavb Ki Avjvn wKqvgZi w`b Zvi w`K `KcvZ Kieb
bv| Ave~ eKi (iv) ejb: n Avjvni ivm~j, Avgvi Lvjv jywi `y cvi GK cv wXj nq bg hvq, hw` bv Avwg Zv
evievi wUq wVK Kwi| ZLb ivm~jjy v n ejb, hviv Anvi Ki Gic Ki Avcwb Zvì Afy bb|331
hvBdv (iv) ejb:

om

.c
ivm~jjy v n Avgvi cvqi bjvi ckx ai ejb: Bhvii vb GLvb| hw` GKvB AgZ Ki, Zvnj GLvb|
st
UvLbyqi Dci Bhvii Kvbv AwaKvi bB| nv`xmwU mnxn|332
Ave~ ivBiv, Ave~ mvC`, Avyjv n Beby Dgvi, Avbvm Beby gvwjK I Abvb mvnvex (iv) ewYZ nv`xm ivm~jjy v n
tru
ejb:
h

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gywgbi Bhvi Zuvi cvqi bjvi gvskckx ch _vKe| Gici cvqi wMiv ev UvL&by ch | Gi wbP hv _vKe
Zv Rvnvbvg _vKe| nv`xmwU mnxn|333
ss
Avbvm Beby gvwjK (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb :

.a
w
Bhvi _vKe cvqi bjvi gvSvgvwS ch A_ev UvLby ch| Gi wbP Kvbv KjvY bB| nv`xmwU mnxn|334
mnxn gymwjg msKwjZ nv`xm Avyjvn Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb:
w

Avwg ivm~jjy v n -Gi wbKU w`q Mgb KiwQjvg| ZLb Avgvi BhviwU Szj wQj| wZwb ejjb, n Avyjvn,
Zvgvi Bhvi DVvI| ZLb Avwg Bhvi DPz Ki cijvg| wZwb ejb, Avi DPz Ki| ZLb Avwg Aviv DPz Kijvg| ZLb
_K Avwg me`v Gic DPz KiB Bhvi cwiavb KiZ m`v mP _vwK| DcwZ KD KD ejj, Kvb ch? wZwb ejb,
wbm&d mvK& ch|335
Ave~ Dgvgvn (iv) ejb, Avgiv GKw`b ivm~jjy v n -Gi mv_ wQjvg, GgZvevq Avg&i Beby hyivivn Avbmvix
(iv) Avgvì wbKU AvMgb Kib| Zuvi ciY wQj GKwU Pvì I GKwU Bhvi| Zuvi BhviwU fyjwy Z wQj| ZLb ivm~jjy v n
Avjvni Rb webxZ nq Zuvi wbRi Bhvii cv DuPz Ki aib Ges ejZ _vKb : n Avjvn, Avcbvi ev`v, Avcbvi
Contents

GK ev`vi mvb, Avcbvi GK ev`xi mvb| Avg&i Zv bZ cq ivm~jjy v n -Gi w`K wdi ejb: n Avjvni ivm~j,
Avgvi cvqi bjv`yw U Kbv I wPKb (GRb Avwg Bhvi bvwgq ciwQ)| ZLb ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg
ejb : n Avg&i, Avjvn hv wKQy mw KiQb meB myì Ki mw KiQb| n Avg&i, wbq Avjvn wbPz Ki (fyjwy Z
Ki) cvkvK cwiavbKvixK fvjevmb bv| Gici wZwb Avg&ii nuvUzi wbP Zuvi Wvb nvZ gyeviKi Pvi AvOyj iL ejb,
n Avg&i, GB Bhvii vb| Gici nvZ DwVq c_g Pvi AvOyji wbP Pvi AvOyj ivLb Ges ejb : n Avg&i, GB Bhvii
vb| Gici nvZ DwVq wZxq vbi wbP Pvi AvOyj ivLb Ges ejb : n Avg&i GB Bhvii vb| nv`xmwU mnxn|336
kvix` Beby myIqvB` mvKvdx (iv) ejb :
...

...

:

ivm~jyjv n GK ewi wcQ wcQ hvb GgbwK wZwb ùovZ i Kib| Aekl wZwb jvKwUi wbKU cuQ Zvi
jywwU ai ejb: Bhvi DVvI| ... m ej: Avgvi cv euvKv Ges nuvUz `ywU cii evwo Lvq (Avgvi mwMZ wU XvKvi
Rb Avwg Bhvi wbPz Ki cwi|) wZwb ejb: Bhvi DVvI; Avjvn hv wKQy mw KiQb meB myì| kvix` ejb: Gici
_K jvKwUi gZz ch Avi KLbv `Lv hvqwb h, Zvi Bhvi wbmdz mvK-Gi wbP bgQ| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|337
om
Ave~ DevB` Lvwj` (iv) ejb, Avwg hyeK eqm g`xbvi c_ PjwQjvg, GgZvevq GKRb ejjb: Zvgvi Kvco
DVvI; Kvco DPz Ki cwiavb KivB ne ewk cwe Ges ewk vqx| ZvwKq `wL ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv
.c
mvjvg| ZLb Avwg ejjvg : n Avjvni ivm~j, GwU Zv GKwU mv`v Kvjv WvivKvUv Pvì gv| (GwU wbPz Ki cwiavb
st
Kij Avi wK AnsKvi ne?) wZwb ejb :

tru
Avgvi ga wK Zvgvi Rb Av`k bB? ZLb Avwg `Ljvg h, Zuvi Bhvi nuvUz I Mvovjxi gvSvgvwS (wbmdz
h
mvK) ch| nv`xmwUi mb` MnYhvM|338
na
Avgiv `LwQ h, Dcii AwaKvsk nv`xm Bhvi-Gi K_v ejv nqQ Ges Kvbv Kvbv nv`xm cvkvK ejv
nqQ| G mKj nv`xmi wb`kbv h, gywgbi Kvbv cvkvKB BQvKZfve f~jywZ ne bv| evievi Bhvii K_v ejvi
un
KviY, AvieMY kixii wbvsk AveZ Kivi Rb mvaviYZ Bhvi ev Lvjv jywB cwiavb KiZb| cvRvgv BZvwì cPjb
Kg wQj| Zv mI AbK nv`xm Bhvi ki cwieZ ( )A_vr Kvco ev cvkvK k eenvi Kiv nqQ|
ss
Kvbv Kvbv nv`xm weklfve wewfb cKvi cvkvKi bvg DjL Kiv nqQ| hwj _K wb`kbv cvIqv hvq
h, Kvbv cKvii cvkvKB gywgb cvqi cv ch Szwjq cwiavb Kieb bv|
.a
eyLvix-gymwjg msKwjZ nv`xm Ave~ ivBiv, Avyjv n Beby Dgvi I Abvb mvnvex (iv) ewYZ nv`xm ivm~jjy v n
() ejQb:
w

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w
h ew Mefi wbRi cvkvK f~jwy Z Ki cwiavb Kie, Avjvn wKqvgZi w`b Zuvi w`K `wcvZ Kieb
339
bv|

Bhvi (jyw), Kvgxm (Rvgv) I cvMwo KvbvwKQyB cvqi wMivi (UvLbyi) wbP Szjvbv ev fyjwy Z Kiv hve bv| hw`
KD G mei Kvbv wKQy (Kvbv cKvii cvkvK) fyjwy Z Ki ci Ze wKqvgZi w`b Avjvn Zvi w`K `wcvZ Kieb
bv| nv`xmwU mnxn|340
Contents

jYxq h, GLvb cvMwoiI DjL Kiv nqQ| mvaviYZ KD cvMwoi wcQbi cv f~jywZ Ki cwiavb Kib
bv| ZeyI Zv DjL Kiv nqQ, hb gywgb eySZ cvib h, mKj cKvi cvkvKB GB weavbi Afy Ges Kvbv gymwjg
hb cew i Zvobvq AcevLv Ki GB weavb _K wKQy cvkvKK ev` w`Z bv cvib|
Avyjv n Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb :

ivm~jyjv n Bhvii (jywi) welq hv wKQy ejQb Zv meB Kvgxm ev Rvgvi I chvR| nv`xmwUi mb`
341
mnxn|
A_vr Bhvi hic wbmd mvK ev cvqi bjvi gvSvgvwS cwiavb Kiv Dg, Zgwb RvgvI wbmd mvK ch cwiavb
Kiv Dg| Bhvi hgb UvLbyi Dci ch cwiavb Kiv Rvqh, Zgwb RvgvI Abyicfve cwiavb Kiv Rvqh| Bhvi hic
UvLbyi wbP bvgvbv wbwl Z`cfve RvgvI UvLbyi wbP Szwjq cwiavb Kiv wbwl|
mvjvZ Av`vqi mgq cyili cvkvKi wbcv cvqi wMiv ev UvLbyi wbP bvwgq cwiavb Kij mvjvZ Keyj ne bv
ej GKvwaK nv`xm ewYZ nqQ| Beby gvmE` (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n () ejQb:

om
h ew mvjvZi ga AnwgKvi mv_ Zvi Bhvi f~jwy Z Ki cwiavb Kie, Avjvni mv_ nvjvj ev nvivg
Kvbv cKvii mK Zvi _vKe bv| nv`xmwU mnxn|342
Ave~ ivBiv (iv) I Abvb mvnvex ejb :
.c

st

tru

h

na
GKew Zvi cvqi wMiv AveZ Ki Bhvi ci mvjvZ Av`vq KiwQj, ZLb ivm~jjy v n ZvK ejjb: hvI Ihy
un
Ki Gm| jvKwU Ihy Ki wdi Avmj wZwb Aveviv ZvK ejjb: hvI Ihy Ki Gm| jvKwU Aveviv Ihy Ki wdi
Avm| ZLb GKew ej: n Avjvni ivm~j, Avcwb jvKwUK Ihy KiZ ejQb Gici Avi wKQy ejQb bv Kb? wZwb
ss
ejb: jvKwU cvqi wMiv XK Bhvi cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq KiwQj, Avi h ew Gfve Bhvi wbPz Ki cwiavb Ki
gnvb Avjvn Zvi mvjvZ Keyj Kib bv| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|343
.a
G welqK AMwYZ wb`kbv _K Avgiv eyS Z cvwi h, jyw , cvRvgv, Rvgv BZvw` cvqi cvZv ch ev gvwU
ch Szwjq civ ZrKvjxb mgvRi GKwU AwZ cPwjZ ixwZ wQj| ivm~jjy v n AZ `pZvi mv_ GB ixwZ wejvc
w
KiZ wb`k w`qQb| G welqK GKwU nv`xm Avbvm Beby gvwjK (iv) ejb:
w

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w

ivm~jjy v n ejb : Bhvi cvqi bjvi gvSvgvwS (wbmd mvK) ch ciZ ne| gymjgvbì Rb welqwU Lye KwVb
nq coj| wZwb hLb `Ljb h, gymjgvbì Rb welqwU LyeB KKi ZLb ejjb: cvqi wMiv ch| Gi wbP Kvbv
KjvY bB| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|344
GB nv`xm _K Avgiv eySZ cviwQ h, AvR Avgiv hic ivm~jjy v n -Gi GB wb`kbvK KKi ej Abyf e
KiwQ, m hyMI gymwjgMYi Rb GB wb`kbv cvjb Kiv KKi nqwQj| cv_K GB h, Zuviv mB KK ivm~jjy v n -
Gi wb`k wnme gb wbq Ai Ai cvjb KiwQjb, Avi Avgiv cvjb bv Kivi wmv AUj _K wewfb evLvi
gvag G mKj wb`kbv AcqvRbxq ej NvlYv Kwi|
mvnvexMYi hyMi GKwU NUbv `Lyb| Zvweqx RyevBi Beby Avex myjvBgvb Beby RyevBi Beby gyZwqg ejb, GKw`b
Contents

Avwg Avyjv n Beby Dgvii (iv) KvQ em wQjvg| Ggb mgq GK hyeK mB vb w`q Mgb Ki| hyeKwUi `n wQj GKRvov
mvbAvbx (Bqvgbx) Kvco| m f~jywZ Ki Kvco cwiavb KiwQj| ZLb Avyjv n Beby Dgvi (iv) ZvK ejb: n hyeK,
Gw`K Gm| hyeKwU ejj: n Ave~ Avwi ivngvb, Avcwb wK Pvb? wZwb ejb: nZfvMv, Zzwg wK PvI bv h, wKqvgZi w`b
Avjvn Zvgvi w`K `wcvZ Kib? hyeKwU ej: myenvbvjvn! Avgvi wK nqQ h, Avwg Zv cQ` Kie bv? Beby Dgvi ejb:
Avwg ivm~jjy v n -K ejZ bwQ: h ev`v Zvi Bhvi ev cvkvK AnwgKvfi Szwjq ev f~jwy Z Ki cwiavb Ki Avjvn Zvi
w`K `wcvZ Kieb bv| H hyeKwU Gi ci _K Zvi gZz ch me`v Bhvi AbK DwVq cwiavb KiZ| Kvbvw`b ZvK Avi
wbPz Ki Bhvi ciZ `Lv hvqwb|345
GLvb j Kib! hyeKwU wewfb evLv ev IRi Avcw `wLq Zvi Afvm Pvjy ivLvi Kvbv Pv Kiwb| eis
Zvi AfvmK nv`xmi wb`kbvi Aaxb Ki wbqQ|
GLvb AvjvwPZ 17 wU nv`xmB mnxn mb` mnxn eyLvix, mnxn gymwjg I Abvb cwm nv`xmM msKwjZ
nqQ| GB nv`xmwji A_ Aviv AbK nv`xm nv`xmi M wjZ msKwjZ nqQ| ivm~jjy v n ^n ai GZ ewk
msLK mvnvexK GZ ewk mgq GiKgi AviKwU welq wkv w`qQb wKbv m`n| G mKj nv`xm _K h Kvbv
vbnxb AgymwjgI eySZ cvieb h, mKj cKvi cvkvKi wb cv nuvUzi wbvsk _K cvqi Mvovwji Dcii nvo ev
wMivi Dci ch vbi ga ivLv Bmjvgi AbZg GKwU wb`k Ges Gi wbP cvkvKi cv bvwgq Ìqv wbwl|
1. 3. 6. 1. ^v_c i I AnsKvix cvvZ msw Zi AvMvmb
om
Avgiv GKUz wPv KijB cvkvKi ivm~jjy v n Gi GB wekl wb`kbvi KviY eySZ cvwi| AvaywbK
cvvZ mfZv gvbyli RweK ev cvkweK RxebKB GKgv Dk wnmve MnY KiQ| GRb cvvZ mfZvi `wZ
vUbm ev ewZ-i AbZg ewk Anvi| hvK `Lj hZ Anvix ev KwVb gb ne m ZZ ewk
.c
ewZmb ev vU| cvvZ cvkvK cwiQ` GB ewk ivi Rb m`v Pv Kiv nq|
st
cvi Bmjvg gvbyli RweK I AvwZK Dfq w`Ki mg^qi cwZ j ivLv nqQ Ges AvwZK g~jevawji
tru
DbwZ I weKvkKB mevwaK iZ c`vb Kiv nqQ| AnwgKv, Me, AnsKvi BZvw` AvZv-weasmx I gvbeZv-weasmx Abyfwy Z|
AnsKvix gvbyl wbRi gb I AvZvK K Ìqvi cvkvcvwk mgvRi mKjKB K `q|
cvkvK gvbyli `n meY AveZ Ki ivL Ges Zvi gbwmK Abyfwy ZwjI wbqwZ I cwiwkjxZ Ki| GRb
h
ivm~jjy v n evisevi webq I mijZv cKvkK cvkvK cwiavbi wb`k w`qQb|
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welqwU hwÌ ZeyI Avgiv hviv eZgvb mvgwMKfve Kvwdi-gykwiKì ^v_ci I AnsKvix msw Zi KvQ civwRZ
nq cowQ Zvì KvQ cvkvKi Szj UvLbyi Dci ivLvi welq iZvivc AvhRbK ej gb nq| Kb ivm~jjy v n GB
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welqwUK GZ ewk iZ c`vb Kijb?

AbK welqwU RvMwZK ev ZrKvjxb ej Dwoq w`Z Pvb| GB aibi civwRZì AbKB BmjvgK ev
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Bmjvgi mvjvZ, wmqvg, c`v, n, hvKvZ, wePvi, A_eev BZvw` AbK weavbKB RvMwZK ev mKj ej Dwoq w`qI
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wbRìK gymwjg ej `vwe Kib| Avevi GK civwRZ AviK civwRZi wb`v Kib| KD nqZ cvkvKi GB welqwUK
RvMwZK ej Dwoq w`Qb, A_P myì welqK h ew RvMwZK ev ZrKvjxY ej Dwoq w`Qb Zvi wb`v KiQb|
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Gì wePvii gvcKvwV Agymwjg msw Z cfvweZ wbR^ cQ`| Kvwdiì h welqwj Zvi fvj jvM Zvi c
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wewfb hyw Ìqv Ges Bmjvgi h wb`kwj Kvwdiì mB fvj welqwji weivax mwji evLv Kiv| Avevi
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Bmjvgi h welqwj fvj jvM Zvi c hyw c`vb Kiv I mwji weivax hyw Lb Kiv| A_P gymwjgi DwPZ wbRi
cQ`K ivm~jjy v n Gi wkvi Aaxb Ki Ìqv| wZwb hvK hZUzKz iZ w`qQb ZvK ZZUzKz iZ Ìqv|
hviv AvM _KB wmv MnY KiQb h, Kvwdi mswZi AbyKiY cvkvK cwiavb Kieb, Zviv AbK mgq
ejb h, AnsKvi Ki cvkvK wbPz Ki civ Abvq, AnsKvinxbfve cij `vl bB| GLvb wRvm h, AnsKvi, Me
ev Mie cKvki BQv bv _vKj cvkvK cvqi wMivi wbP bvgvbvi cqvRbUv wK?
G cki ^vfvweK Di GB h, ivm~jjy v n Gi wb`k gZ UvLby ch cvkvK cwiavb Kij `LZ Lvivc `Lvq,
mKj gb nq ev vUbm cwic~Y nq bv mRb UvLbyi wbP bvwgq cvkvK ciZ nq| Avi GB Abyfwy ZwUi bvgB AnwgKv,
AnsKvi, Me I Mie| vU `Lvbvi Dk cvkvK f~jywZ KivKB nv`xmi fvlvq Mie ev Mefi cvkvK f~jwy Z Kiv ejv
nqQ| gbi Mfxi GB AnwgKv, vU `Lvbvi AvMn Qvov KDB BQvKZfve cvqi wMiv AveZ Ki cvkvK Zwi Kib bv
ev cib bv| mevcwi Dcii nv`xmwj Rvbvi ci KD fveZ cvib bv h BQvKZfve cvkvK bvwgq civ Kvbvfve Rvqh
nZ cvi|
Rvqh I mybv Z mZ cvkvK m`h ARb ev myì `Lvbv AvcwKi bq, eis nv`xm Zv Drmvn Ìqv nqQ|
wK nv`xm hv wbla Kiv nqQ ZvK myì fvev gywgbi c wKfve me? ivm~jyjv n evisevi ejjb, UvLby Lvjv iL
Contents

cvkvK cij myì `Lvq| GiciI wK gywgb fveeb h, UvLby Lvjv _vKj Lvivc `Lvq?
nuvUz Lvjv nvd-cvU cij myì `Lvq ej KD `vex Kij wK gywgb Zvi mv_ GKgZ neb? nuvUz AbveZ
KiZ hfve ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg wbla KiQb, Zgwb wZwb UvLby AveZ KiZ wbla KiQb| eis
mwZKvi welq h, nuvUz AveZ Kivi wb`k vcK mnxn nv`xmi Pq UvLby AbveZ Kivi wb`k vcK mnxn nv`xmi
msLv AbK AbK ewk| GiciI wK gyw gb nuvUz XvKv I UvLby bv XvKv GB `yw U wb`ki ga Kvbv cv_K KiZ
cvib?
1. 3. 6. 2. Anvinxbfve cvkvK viv UvLby AveZ Kiv
Avgvì mgvR AMwYZ avwgK ev agcvjbKvix gymwjg cvqi wMiv ev UvLyby AveZ Ki cvU, cvRvgv, jyw ev
Ab cvkvK cwiavb Kib| GB KwVb nvivg KgwU AbK LyeB nvjKvfve `Lb| Anvi KiwQ bv ej GB KwVb
nvivg KvRwU Rvqh Ki wbZ Pvb| GLvb KqKwU welq iZi mv_ j ivLZ ne:
c_gZ, Dci Avgiv `LwQ h, vU `Lvbv, mKj `Lvbv _K iv cvIqv BZvw` Abyfwy Zi bvgB
AnwgKv ev Anvi| G _K Avgiv eywS h, BQvKZfve h ewB wbRi cvRvgv, cvU, jyw BZvw` wMiv ev UvLby
AveZ Ki Zwi Kib ev cib wZwbB wbtm`n AnwgKvi mv_ wbRi cvkvK wbPz Ki cwiavb Kib| Dcii
nv`xmwji AvjvK wZwb KwVb kvwhvM I Avjvni ingZ _K mvweKfve ewZ nIqvi gZ Aciva wj|
wZxqZ, Bmjvgi wewaweavbi eywewK I hwK cvcU I KviY iqQ| Bmjvg hLb Kvbv KvRK
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AvekKxq ev wbwl Ki ZLb KLbv KLbv Zvi KviY DjL Ki| Gi A_ GB bq h, D KviY bv _vKj D Kg
Rvqh ne| hgb Kii gvsm wbwl Kivi ejv nqQ h, Zv Acwe| Gi A_ GB bq h, KLbv Kvbvfve
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Kii gvsm cwe Kiv nj Zv nvjvj ne| Abyicfve my` nvivgi ejv nqQ h Zv Ryjyg Ges Zvgiv Ryjgy
Kie bv ev Ryjy gi wkKvi ne bv| Gi A_ GB bq h, Ryjgy nxbfve cviwiK mwZ ev mnhvwMZvi wfwZ my` LvIqv
st
Rvqh ne| Gi A_ my` I Ryjyg AweQ`fve RwoZ| my` LvIqv me`vB Ryjgy | KvRB my` LvIqv _K weiZ _vKZB
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ne|
f~jwy Z Ki cvkvK cwiavbi welqwUI Abyic| BQvKZfve Gfve cvkvK cwiavbB Anvi| Anvi,
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AnwgKv ev vU `Lvbv Abyfwy Z Gi mv_ AweQ`fve RwoZ| BQvKZfve Gfve cvkvK cwiavb _K weiZ
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_vKZ ne| Ze Kviv cvkvK mwVKfve cwiavbi ci eLqvj ev AwbQvKZfve hw` bg hvq Ze Zv Abvq ej
MY ne bv|
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ZZxqZ, Bmjvg AbK Kg mvaviYfve nvivg Kiv nqQ| Avevi mB Kgi wekl chvqK weklfve nvivg
Kiv nqQ| hgb ewfPvi nvivg I Kexiv Mvbvn| Avevi Kvbv Kvbv nv`xm cwZekxi xi mv_ ewfPvi Kiv
ss
Kexiv Mvbvn wnmve eYbv Kiv nqQ| Gi A_ GB bq h, cwZekxi x Qvov Abì mv_ ewfPvi Rvqh| Gi A_,
GB cvcwU me`v fqi cvc| Ze GB wekl Zv Aviv ewk fqi|
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Abyicfve binZv Bmjvg fqiZg cvc ej weewPZ| KziAvb Kvixg `vwiì fq mvb nZv KiZ
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wbla Kiv nqQ| Gi A_ GB bq h, `vwiì fq bv nj mvb nZv Kiv Rvqh, A_ev mvb Qvov Ab KvDK nZv
Kiv Rvqh| Gi A_ nZv me`v KwVb cvc, Ze GB chvq Zv KwVbZg cvc|
w
Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, Kvbv cvci GKwU wekl chvqK wb`v Ki KziAvb ev nv`xm Kvbv weewZ _vKj mB
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weewZK wfw Ki D cvci Abvb chvq Rvqh Ki bIqvi ceYZv wevwKi|

hgb, KziAvb Kvixg Kv_vI my` LZ mvaviYfve wbla Kiv nqQ| Ab eY my` LZ wbla Kiv
nqQ| my` LvIqvi wblavv GKwU weavb| Avi Pew ev eY my` LvIqvi wblavv AviKwU c_K weavb| GLb hw`
KD my` Lvq Ges ZvK ejv nq h, my` LvIqv Bmjvg wbwl, Avi m ej h, Kej eY ev Pew my` wbwl Ze
wbtm`n Avgiv eySZ cvie h, GB ew cew i AbymiY Ki my` LvIqv Pvwjq hvIqvi wmv MnY KiQ| GLb
Bmjvgi wb`kbv _K Mv euvPvbvi Rb Gfve evLv KiQ|
Abyicfve UvLybyi wbP cvkvK bvgvbvi wblavv GKwU weavb Avi Anvi Ki UvLbyi wbP Kvco bvgvbvi
wblavv AviKwU c_K weavb| AwaKvsk nv`xm mvaviYfve Gfve cvkvK cwiavb KiZ wbla Kiv nqQ| wKQy nv`xm
Anvifi Gfve cvkvK cwiavb KiZ wbla Kiv nqQ| G _K Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, Gfve cvkvK cwiavb me`v
nvivg I wbwl| Avi hw` Zv Anvifi nq Zvnj Zv Aviv ewk Aciva ne| wK hw` KD Gfve cvkvK cwiavb Kib
Ges ejb h, Kej Anvifi cwiavb Kij Zv nvivg ne, Avi Avwg Kvbv Anvi KiwQ bv, Zvnj Zvi AevI Dcii
my`Lvii gZ|
PZz_Z , Avwg Anvi KiwQ bv GB K_vwU ejv AZ KwVb KvR| hLvb mvnvexMY KLb `q Anvi cek
Ki mB fq `b KiZb, mLvb wKfve GKRb gywgb wbRi cvcgq AvZvq Anvi cek KiZ cvie bv ej
Contents

wbwZ njb?346
Dcii AbK nv`xm Avgiv `LwQ h, cvqi eKj, AmyZv, cvkvKi mgmv BZvw` Kvbv KviYB
ivm~jjy v n UvLby AveZ Ki cvkvK cwiavbi AbygwZ c`vb Kib wb| Kejgv Ave~ eKi (iv) hLb ejb h, Zuvi
cvkvKi GKcv KLbv KLbv eLqvj bg hvq, KLb ZuvK Avk Ki ejb h, hviv BQvc~eK cvkvK Szwjq ci
Avcwb Zvì Af y bb|
Avgvì mgvRi hviv wbRìK wmxK AvKevii gZ `q I Cgvbi AwaKvix ej gb Kib Ges Anvi Kib
bv ej `vwe Kib Zvì eySZ ne h, wZwb BQv Ki wbRi jyw UvLby-i wbP bvwgq ciZb bv A_ev wZwb wbRi cvRvgv
ev Rvgv UvLby AveZ Szj w`q Zwi KiZb bv| wZwb DPz Ki Bhvi cwiavb KiZb| Ze KLbv KLbv eLqvj Zuvi jywi
GK cv bg hZ| welqwUi ga Kvbv `vl bB Zv mnRB evSv hvq| ZeyI Zuvi wmxKx Cgvb ZvK G welq wbwZ
nIqvi Rb ck KiZ Abycv wYZ Ki| ZLb ivm~jjy v n ZvK Avk Ki ejb h, Avcbvi GB eLqvj KvRi ga
Kvbv Anvi bB|347
cgZ, Avgiv `LwQ h, AbK cwm mvnvexK ivm~jjy v n Kvco DPz KiZ wb`k w`qQb| ZB Zuviv
KDB Kvco wbPz Kivi mgq Anvii wPv Kib wb ev Anvi Ki Gfve Kvco cib wb| Zey AZ kfve wZwb
ZuvìK Kvco DwVq wbZ wb`k w`qQb| Avgiv wK gb Kwi h, Avgvì gb m mKj mvnvexi Pq cwe, A_ev Zuviv
Anvi KiZb Avi Avgiv Kwi bv, A_ev ivm~jyjvn ZuvìK Kvco DVvZ ejjI AvgvìK `Lj wZwb DVvZ
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ejZb bv!!
g~j K_v GB h, Gfve Kvco cwiavb Kiv mvaviYfve Anvii cKvk| GRb gb Anvi AvmyK ev bv AvmyK
Zv cwinvi KiZ ne| hw` mv_ Anvi wgwjZ nq Zvnj Zv Aviv fqvbK| GRb mevevq Zv cwinvi KiZ ne|
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AmZKZv, eLqvj ev AwbQvKZfve cwiavbi Kvco wbP bg Mj Amyweav bB|
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lZ, mnxn nv`xm ejv nqQ h, Kvco fyjywZ KivB Anvi| Avwg nv`xmwU cyYi c DjL KiwQ, KviY
nv`xmwUZ gywgb Rxebi AbK cv_q iqQ| Rvwei Beby myjvBg (iv) ejb, Avwg ivm~jjy v n -K wKQz Dc`k cv_bv
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Kij wZwb ejb:

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Zzwg AvjvnK fq Ki Pje| (gvbyli ev mwi) DcKvig~jK Kvbv KgKB Aenjv Kie bv ev QvU gb Kie
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bv, GgbwK cvwb cvb KiZ Pvq Ggb KvDK Zvgvi evjwZ _K GKUz cvwb Xj Ìqv ev Zvgvi fvBGi mv_ nvwm gyL
K_v ejvi gZ Kvbv KgI QvU gb Kie bv| Zvgvi Bhvi cvqi bjvi gvSvgvwS ch DPz Ki cwiavb Kie| hw` Zv
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Zzwg KiZ ivwR bv nI, Ze UvLbyq ch| Lei`vi! cwiaq jyw wbPz Ki cie bv; KviY Kvco Szwjq civ Anvi Ges
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Avjvn Anvi cQ` Kib bv| hw` Kvbv gvbyl (Zvgvi ga we`gvb A_ev) Zvgvi ga bB Ggb Kvbv `vl ej
Zvgvi wb`v Ki, Ze Zzwg Zvi ga weivRgvb Kvbv cKZ `vl ejI ZvK wb`v Kiv bv| eis Qo `vI, hb GB
K_vi kvw m cvq Avi cyivi Zzwg cvI| Avi KvDK Mvwj è bv| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|348
GLvb ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg ejQb Kvco Szwjq civ Anvi| Gi ciI wK gywgb Kvco
Szwjq civ Anvi bq A_ev Avgvi Kvco Szwjq civ Anvi bq ejeb?
mgZ, mePq eo ck, gywgb Kb GB KvR Kieb? KbB ev GmKj K_v ejeb? AMwYZ nv`xmi wb`kbv
D Ìqvi cqvRbB ev Kx? gywgbi KvR Kx? gywgb Zv ivm~jjy v n hv wbla KiQb Zv NYvfi cwinvi Kieb|
GgbwK mB KgwU KLbv Rvqh njI wZwb Zv me`v cwinvi Kivi Pv Kieb| k~Kii gvsm, g`, i BZvw` Avjvn
nvivg KiQb Ges cqvRb Rvqh ej NvlYv KiQb| GLb gyw gbi `wqZ Kx? wewfb AhynvZ cqvRbxqZv `wLq
Gwj fY Kiv? bv hZ K ev cqvRbB nvK Zv cwinvi Kivi Pv Kiv?
k~Kii gvsk, g` BZvwì welq gvUvgywU GKgZ njI Ab AbK wbwl welq Avgvì ga Ayr GK
Contents

ceYZv weivRgvb| Avgiv AbK mgq wewfb ARynvZ Zv Rvqh Kivi Pv Kwi|
hgb MxeZ Kiv ev AbycwZ Kvbv ew mwZKvi Kvbv `vl DjL Kiv KziAvb-nv`xm wbla Kiv nqQ|
KziAvb ev nv`xm Kv_vI fve Kvbv cqvRb Zv ea ej ejv nq wb| wKQz Avwjg Kvbv Kvbv Aevq Zv Rvqh
ej DjL KiQb| Avgiv AwaKvsk wewfb ARynvZ `wLq cwiZwi mv_ gbLyj MxeZ Kwi| h MxeZB Avgiv Kwi
ZvB Rvqh ej `vwe Kwi| A_P gywgbi DwPZ wQj h, mevevq Zv cwinvi Kiv| Rvqh AevqI Zv cwinvii Pv Kiv|
Abyic AviKwU welq UvLby AveZ Ki ev f~jwy Z Ki Kvco cwiavb Kiv| AMwYZ nv`xm Zv wbla Kiv nqQ|
Kv_vI myfve Zv ea ej DjL Kiv nq wb| Ave~ eKii (iv) AwbQvKZfve Szj covi Ihi Qvov Kvbv mvnvexi
Kvbv Ihi Keyj Ki ZvK BQvKZfve Kvco Szwjq cwiavb Kivi AbygwZ KLbv c`vb Kib wb ivm~jjy v n | gywgb
Rvbb h, Gfve cvkvK cwiavb Kivi ga Kvbv KjvY, eiKZ ev mvIqve bB| G gywgbi `vwqZ m`v me`v Zv
cwinvi Kiv| Rvqh nIqvi mvebv _vKjI Zv cwinvi Kiv| wewfb ARynvZ w`q G welqK cvq AakZ nv`xmi gyZvIqvwZi
wb`kbv evwZj Ki Ìqvi ceYZv wbtm`n gywgbi Cgvbi mv_ mwZc~Y bq|
cvkvKK f~jwy Z Kiv AnwgKv cKvki meRbxb cwZ| GRb ivm~jjy v n GB cwZ eRb KiZ mwekl iZ
c`vb KiQb| cvkvK mvgvb GKUz DPz Ki cwiavb Kiv mijZv, cweZv I webq cKvkK Ges G mKj AvwZK
AbyfywZwji weKvk mnvqK| mevcwi Zv ivm~jjy v n Gi mybv Z| gywgbi DwPZ `qK mKj AbmjvwgK cfve _K gy
Ki, kqZvbx cebv _K ewiq Gm cwic~Y fvjevmvi mv_ ivm~jjy v n Gi wkv I Kgi cwic~Y AbymiY I AbyKiYi
om
c_ avweZ nIqv| Avjvn AvgvìK ZvIdxK `vb Kib|
1. 3. 7. gwnjvì cvkvK c`hyMj AveZ Kie
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GB cy Ki PZz_ Aavq gwnjvì cvkvK I c`v welq Avgiv wevwiZ AvjvPbv Kie, Bbkv Avjvn| Ze GLvb
cmg DjL KiwQ h, gwnjvì UvLby AveZ KiZ wb`k w`qQb ivm~jjy vn |
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cvvZ Akxj I Lv`v`vnx msw Z I Zvi Abymvixì cKw Z weivax ceYZvi GKwU w`K GB h, Zviv cyili
tru
cvkvK w`q cyiv kixi AveZ KiZ Drmvn `b wK gwnjvì kixi h_vme AbveZ ivLZ Drmvn c`vb Kib|
GKRb cyil UvLby AbveZ iL cvU, cvRvgv, jyw ev Rvgv cwiavb Kij Zvì `wZ Lvivc `Lvq I vUbm
h
f~jwy Z nq| cvi GKRb gwnjv UvLybi Dci ev wbmd mvK cvU, cvRvgv, cwUKvU, vU BZvw` cwiavb Kij
na
gvUI Lvivc `Lvq bv, eis fvj `Lvq Ges vUbm msiwZ nq|
Zvì `wZ gwnjvì kixi AbveZ KivB bvix- ^vaxbZvi cKvk, Ze cyil-^vaxbZvi cKvk Zvi `n
un
cyivcywi AveZ Kiv| GRb Avgiv `LZ cvB h, Mig KvjI GKRb cyil cwic~Y vU I f`jvK nIqvi Rb gv_v
_K cvqi cvZvi wbg ch cyiv kixi GKvwaK Kvco AveZ Ki ivLb| Aciw`K kxZKvjI GKRb gwnjv gv_v,
ss
Mjv, Kuva, cv, nuvUz BZvw` mn h_vme cyiv `n AbveZ Ki ivLb| GKgv envqv cyilì Akxj `wi Avb``vb
Qvov Gfve `n AbveZ Ki gwnjviv Avi Kvbv evwbK, RweK ev cvKwZK DcKvi jvf Kib ej Avgiv Rvwb bv|
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Bmjvgi `wZ gvbe mfZvi msiYi Rb cavb avc cvwievwiK Rxebi cweZv I mvbì Rb cwic~Y
wcZ I gvZmn wbwZ Kiv| G bvix I cyili cweZv iv, weevnZi mK iva I bvixì Dci `wnK AZvPvi
w
iva AZxe cqvRbxq| GRb gwnjvì kvjxb cvkvK `n AveZ Kiv Qvov Kvbv c_ bB| GB `wfwi wfwZB
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gwnjvìK UvLby AveZ Ki cvkvK cwiavbi wb`k w`qQb ivm~jjy v n | Dy mvjvgvn (iv) ejb:
w

hLb ivm~jjy v n Kvcoi Szj mK (UvLbyi Dci ev wbmd mvK ch ivLv mK) K_v ejjb ZLb Dy
mvjvgvn ejb: Avgì cvkvKi Kx ne? wZwb ejb: Zvgiv (cyilì S~j _K, wbmd mvK _K ev UvLby _K)
GK weNZ ewk Szwjq ivLe| wZwb ejb: Zvnj Zv (nuvUvi mgq) c`hyMj AbveZ nq hve| wZwb ejb: Zvnj GK
nvZ ewk Szjve| nv`xmwU mnxn|349
A_vr wbmd mvK ev UvLby _K GK weNZ Szwjq Kvco cwiavb Kij PjvPj ev Kgi mgq ev mvjvZi ga
mvR`vi mgq cvqi cvZv AbveZ nq covi fq _vK| GRb ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg GKnvZ Szwjq
ivLZ wb`k w`jb| g~j Dk cvqi bjv I cvqi cvZvi DcwifvMmn cyiv cv AveZ ivLv|
1. 3. 8. Qwe ev agxq cZxK m^wjZ cvkvK
gvbe mfZvi BwZnvm chvjvPbv Kij Avgiv `LZ cvB h, mKj hyMB wkiK-Gi g~j avwgK gvbyl ev
Contents

agcPviKì cwZ Abymvixì fw| RxweZ ev gZ gvbylìK KjvY-AKjvYi AjwKK gZvi AwaKvix gb Ki
wec``vc`, ivMewa, mgmv-msKU BZvw` _K gyw cvIqvi Dk ZvìK fU, DrmM BZvw` `vb Kiv, Zvì
APbv, c~Rv ev Avivavbv Kiv mKj wkiKi g~j| GB wkiKi K` g~wZ ev wZ| AbK mgq RxweZ ewKI Gfve
c~Rv Kiv nq| Ze mvaviYZ gZz i ciB Zvi ga HkwiK gZv I AjwKK kw Kbv Ki gvbyl Zvi c~Rv Ki|
GRb g~wZ, ev QweB g~j evnb| GQvov gZ AjwKK ewZi wZ weRwoZ vb, è, Kei BZvwÌ GBic
wkiKi Drm|
Bmjvg mKj cKvi wkiKi g~jvrcvUb Kivi Dk wkiKi DrmwjK wbwl Kiv nqQ| wkiK cmvii
AbZg gvag Qwe| GRb weklfve `y cKvii Qwe Bmjvg wbla Kiv nqQ| 1. Kvbv cvYxi Qwe I 2. Kvbv agx q
mc`vqi c~wRZ ev mvwbZ Kvbv è ev vbi Qwe Zv hwÌ Ro ev cvYnxb nq|
G mKj cvYx ev èi Qwe Ab Kiv, eenvi Kiv, Uvvbv ev cvkvK enb Kiv Bmjvg wbla Kiv nqQ| GmKj
Kg RwoZì Rb cijwKK Rxeb KwVbZg kvwi NvlYv Ìqv nqQ| Dci Gwj `Lj Zv gyQ djZ ev f
djZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ| G welq ivm~jjy v n ()-Gi AbK wb`kbv nv`xmi Mm g~n msKwjZ iqQ| GLvb Qwe I
cvkvKi Qwe welqK wKQy nv`xm DjL KiwQ|
mnxn gymwjg I Abvb M msKwjZ nv`xm Ljxdv Avjxi (iv) cywjk evwnbxi cavb Aveyj nvBqvR Avmv`x ejb:

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...
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Avjx (iv) AvgvK ejb: Avwg ZvgvK mB `vwqZ w`q ciY KiwQ, h `vwqZ w`q ivm~jyjv n AvgvK ciY
KiwQjb : hZ g~wZ-cwZKwZ `Le me f woq è, (^vfvweK Keii cwiwPwZ vcK mvgvb DPZvi ewk) Kvbv DuPz
st
Kei `Lj Zv me mgvb Ki è Ges hZ Qwe `Le me gyQ dje|350|
Ave~ gynvv` Avj-hvjx Avjx (iv) _K eYbv KiQb: tru

h

na

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ss

.a
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w
GKw`b ivm~jjy v n GK Rvbvhvq (g`xbvi evBi) ei njb| wZwb ejjb: Zvgvì ga K AvQ h g`xbvi
w
Afi wMq hZ g~wZ cve me weP~Y Kie, hZ Kei `Le me mgvb Ki è, Ges hZ Qwe cve me gyQ ev b Ki
è| ZLb GKRb mvnvex ejjb: Bqv ivm~jjy v n, Avwg hve| wK wZwb g`xbvevmxK fq cq wdi Avmjb| ZLb Avjx
w
(iv) ejjb: Bqv ivm~jjy v n, Avwg hve| ivm~jjy v n ejjb: hvI| ZLb Avjx Pj Mjb| ci wdi Gm ejjb: Avwg
mKj g~wZ f w`qwQ, mKj Kei f mgvb Ki w`qwQ Ges mKj Qwe gyQ b Ki w`qwQ| Gici ivm~jjy v n
ejjb: hw` KD cybivq GmKj KvRi Kvbv GKwU Ki Ze m gynvvì () Dci AeZxY agi mv_ Kzd&ix Kij|
nv`xmwUi mb` nvmvb|351
GLvb Qwe gyQ djvi wb`k Ìqv nqQ| GB Qwe Kvco ev cvkvK _vKjI Zv gyQ djZ ne ev KU djZ
ne|
mnxn eyLvix I Abvb M msKwjZ nv`xm Avqkv (iv) ejb :
[ ] ][

[]
bexRx () Zuvi evwoZ Qwe, yk wP ev yki Qwe m^wjZ Kvbv wKQy, Kvco nvK, c`v nvK, hvB nvK bv
Contents

Kb Zv ivLZ w`Zb bv| Zv Lyj djZb ev (Qwei AskUyK)z KU djZb|352
mnxn gymwjg msKwjZ nv`xm Avqkv (iv) ejb,

ivm~jjy vn GK mdi _K wdi Gm `Lb h, Avwg Avgvi Nii ìRvq GKwU c`v jvwMqwQ hvZ cswLivR
Nvovi Qwe AvuKv wQj| wZwb AvgvK Zv Lyj djvi wb`k `b dj Avwg Zv Lyj dwj|353
mnxn gymwjg msKwjZ Ab nv`xm Avqkv (iv) ejb,

GKw`b ivm~jjy v n Avgvi wbKU Gm `Lb h, Avwg Ni GKwU c`v UvwOqwQ hvZ Qwe iqQ| Zv `L (va)
Zuvi cwe Pnvivi iO cwiewZZ nq hvq| Gici wZwb c`vwU nvZ wbq Zv wQo djb| Gici ejb: wbq wKqvgZi w`b
mePq ewk kvw fvM Kie m mKj gvbyl hviv Avjvni mwi AbyKiY Ki (cvYxi Qwe AuvK)|354
om
mnxn eyLvixZ msKwjZ Ab nv`xm Avqkv (iv) ejb :

.c

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tru

h
na
wZwb GKwU QvU Mw` q Kib hvZ Qwe wQj| ivm~jjy v n Zv `L Nii ìRvq ùvwoq cob Ges Ni cek
_K weiZ _vKb| Avqkv (iv) Zuvi cwe gyL Amvl `LZ cq ejb: n Avjvni ivm~j, Avwg ZvIev KiwQ Ges Avjvn
un
I Zuvi ivm~ji w`K wdi AvmwQ| Avwg Kx Aciva KiwQ? wZwb ejb: GB Mwì welqwU wK? Avqkv ejb: Avwg GB Mw`wU
wKbwQ hb Avcwb Gi Dci emZ cvib Ges GK evwjk ev ZvwKqv wnmve eenvi KiZ cvib| ZLb ivm~jjy v n ejb:
ss
G mKj Qwe hviv GuKQ wKqvgZi w`b Zvì kvw c`vb Kiv ne Ges ejv ne: Zvgiv hv GuKwQj ZvK Rxeb `vI| wZwb
Aviv ejb: h Ni Qwe AvQ m Ni wdwikZvMY cek Kib bv|355
.a
`vKivn bvgK GKRb gwnjv Zvweqx ejb:

w
[ ]
w
Avgiv Dyj gywgbxb Avqkvi (iv) mv_ cwe Kvev Ni ZvIqvd KiwQjvg| GgZvevq wZwb (Avqkv) `LZ cvb
h, GK gwnjvi Mvq GKwU Pvì iqQ h Pvì yk AwZ iqQ| wZwb ZLb mB gwnjvK ejb: GB PvìwU dj `vI,
GB PvìwU dj `vI| KviY ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg Gic Kvbv yk-AwZ Kvco `LZ cj Zv KU
djZb| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|356
1. 3. 9. eoì wbwl cvkvK wkì civbv
Dcii AvjvPbv _K Avgiv cvkvK cwiQì welq Bmjvgi wewaweavb I g~jbxwZmg~n eySZ cviwQ| Avgiv
gb Kwi h, cveq gvbylivB G mKj weavbi AvIZvfy| KviY Acveq Qjgqì Rb Zv Bmjvgi
wewaweavb Riix ev chvR bq| G Rb AbK avwgK wcZvgvZI Zuvì QjgqìK Bmjvgx g~jevai cwicx
Contents

cvkvK cwiq _vKb| hgb AvuUmuvU cvkvK, Agymwjg gwnjv ev cyilì cvkvK, mZi AveZ Ki bv Ggb cvkvK,
Qwe AwZ cvkvK BZvw` Zuviv Zuvì Qjgqì civb|
GK_v wVK h, wkì Rb Bmjvgi wewaweavb chvR bq| Ze ZvìK Bmjvgx Avè I g~jevai ga jvjb
cvjb Kiv wcZvgvZvi `vwqZ| Bmjvg hv wKQy wbwl ev nvivg Zv _K ZvìK `~i ivLv wcZvgvZvi `vwqZ| wbwl ev
AcQ`bxq Lv`, cvbxq, cvkvK, K_vevZv BZvw` _K ZvìK `~i ivLv wcZvgvZvi `vwqZ, hb Zviv GwjK AcQ` Ki
Ges Gwji cwZ KLbv AvKlY Abyfe bv Ki|
G welq nv`xm kixd wewfb wb`kbv iqQ| GLvb cvkvK welqK GKwU nv`xm DjL KiwQ| Avyi ingvb
Beby Bqvwh` ejb,

.
Avwg Avyjv n Beby gvmE` (iv) Gi KvQ em wQjvg| GgZvevq Zuvi GKwU Qv Qj Zuvi KvQ Gj|
QjwUK Zvi gv GKwU ikgx Kvgxm (Rvgv) cwiq w`qQ| RvgvwU ci QjwU Lye Lywk| ZLb Avyjv n Beby gvmE`
om
(iv) QjwUK ejjb: eUv, K ZvgvK GB RvgvwU cvwiqQ? Gici ejjb: KvQ Gm| QjwU KvQ Avmj wZwb
RvgvwU Ub wQo djb Ges ejb: Zvgvi Avvi KvQ hq ej, ZvgvK Ab Kvbv Kvco cwiq w`Z| 357
1. 3. 10. cwiQbZv, m`h I myMw
.c
Avgiv `LwQ h, ivm~jjy v n hgb Zuvi DZK cvkvKi Anvi I cwmw jvfi evmbv eRb KiZ
st
wb`k w`qQb, cvkvcvwk wZwb myì, cwiQb I Dg cvkvK cwiavbi wb`k w`qQb| mewKQzi mv_ wZwb mijZv I
tru
webqi w`K j ivLZ wkwLqQb| wZwb evwoNi, hvbevnb I Abvb welqi bvq cvkvKi I AnsKvigy m`h I
cwiQbZv cQ` KiZb| wZwb wbR me`v cwiQb _vKZb| KvDK AcwiQb ev AMvQvjv `Lj Avcw KiZb Ges
h
cwiQbZvi Rb Drmvn c`vb KiZb| Avyjv n Beby gvmE` (iv) ejb
na

( )

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( )

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ivm~jjy v n ejb: hvi Ai GK `vbv cwigvb AnsKvi _vKe m RvbvZ cek Kie bv| ZLb GKew
w
ejjv: n Avjvni ivm~j, Avgiv LyeB fvj jvM h, Avgvi cvkvK myì nvK, Avgiv gv_vi Pzj cwicvwU Ki Zj w`q
w
AvuPovbv _vKzK, Avgvi RyZvi wdZv bZzb nvK, Gfve m cvkvK-cwiQ` RvZxq AbK welqi K_v ejjv, GgbwK Zvi
Qwoi AvsUvi K_vI ejjv (h m cQ` Ki h, Gwj m`hgq nvK)| ZLb ivm~jjy v n ejb: Gwj Zv m`h|
w
Avi Avjvn myì Ges wZwb m`h fvjevmb| AnsKvi wbRK mZi Da gb Kiv ev AnwgKvi KviY mZK bv gvbv
Ges Ab gvbylìK nq gb Kiv| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn| nv`xmwU mswvKvi mnxn gymwjg msKwjZ|358
Avyjv n Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb,
:

Avwg ejjvg, n Avjvni ivm~j, myì cvkvK cwiavb Kiv wK Anvi ej MY ne? wZwb ejjb : bv, Avjvn
myì, wZwb m`h fvjevmb| nv`xmwUi mb` MnYhvM|359
Avyjv n Beby Avgi (iv) ejb,
Contents

.

Avwg ejjvg, n Avjvni ivm~j, myì cvkvK cwiavb Kiv wK Anvi? wZwb ejjb: bv| Avwg ejjvg : myì
hvbevnb Avivnb Kiv wK Anvi? wZwb ejjb: bv| Avwg ejjvg : Avwg hw` Lv` cZ Ki Avgvi ezì WK
LvIqvB Zvnj wK Zv Anvi ne? wZwb ejjb: bv| Anvi mZK Aev Kiv I gvbylK nq Kiv ev QvU fvev|
nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|360
Ave~ Lvj`v bvgK Zvweqx ejb Avyj Kvixg Ave~ DgvBqv bvgK GKRb ìek Zvweqx ckwg cvkvK cwiwnZ
Aevq mvnvexMYi mgmvgwqK cLvZ Zvweqx Aveyj Avwjqvn idvC Beby wgnivb (g: 90 wn)-Gi wbKU Mgb Kib| ZLb
Aveyj Avwjqvn ejb:

G cvkvKZv Lvb mbvmxì cvkvK| gymwjgMY (mvnvexMY) GK Acii `LZ Mj ev eovZ Mj
om
myì cvkvK cwiavb KiZb| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|361
KvBm Beby weki ZvMwjex ejb, Avgvi Avev weki `vwgkK mvnvex Ave~ `vi`vi (iv) gvRwjm wbqwgZ emZb|
mLvb mvnj Bebyj nvbhvjxqvn (iv) bvgK AviKRb Avbmvix mvnvex wQjb| wZwb GKvKx _vKZb Ges Lye KgB gvbyli
.c
mv_ DVvemv KiZb| wZwb me`v mvjvZi RvgvZ DcwZ nZb| mvjvZ kl nj ZvKexi, Zvmexn, Zvnjxj BZvw`
st
whwKi me`v iZ _vKZb| GfveB wZwb Avevi evwoZ wdi hZb| GKw`b wZwb Ave~ `vi`vi (iv) wbKU Gm mvjvg
Kib| Ave~ `vi`v ejb: Ggb wKQy ejyb hv Avgvì DcKvi Kie A_P Avcbvi Kvbv wZ ne bv| ZLb wZwb ejb,
tru
ivm~jjy v n ejQb:

h
na

un
Zvgiv Zvgvì vZMYi wbKU AvMgb Kie, Zvgiv Zvgvì cvkvK-cwiQ` myì Kie Ges Zvgvì
evnb I Avevmj myì I myMvQvj ivLe; hb Zvgiv mKj gvbyli ga ivRwZjKi bvq mgyRj _vKZ cvi| Avjv n
ss
AkxjZv I AmfZv cQ` Kib bv| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|362

.a
GKRb myì-myewk gvbyl bexRxi () wbKU Gm ej: n Avjvni ivm~j, m`h I cvwicvU Avgvi Lye fvj
jvM| AvgvK Avjvn wKic m`h `vb KiQb Zv Avcwb `LQb| GgbwK Avwg cQ` Kwi bv h, KD Zvi RyZvi
wdZvi m`hI Avgvi Dci DVyK| G wK Anvi ej MY ne? Di ivm~jjy v n ejb : bv, Anvi mZK Aev
Kiv Ges gvbylK nq ev QvU fvev| nv`xmwU mnxn|363
Rvwei Beby Avwjvn (iv) ejb:
] [
Contents

ivm~jyjv n (GKw`b) Avgvì wbKU AvMgb Kib| wZwb GKewK `Ljb h, Zvi gv_vi Pzjwj gqjv,
DvLyv I Gjvgjv| wZwb ejjb: GB ewi wK wKQyB RvU bv hv w`q m Zvi Pzjwj cwicvwU Kie? wZwb
AviKRbK `Lb hvi cwiavb wQj gqjv cvkvK| wZwb ejb GB ew wK GKUz cvwbI cvq bv hv w`q Zvi cvkvK
ayq cwivi Kie? nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|364
`yej mb` Avqkv (iv) _K ewYZ nqQ, ivm~jjy vn ejQb:

Bmjvg cwiQb, AZGe Zvgiv cwivi cwiQb _vKe| cwiQb ew Qvov KD RvbvZ cek KiZ cvie
365
bv|
AviKwU AZ `yej mb` ewYZ nv`xm ejv nqQ:

Avjvni wbKU gywgbi KvivgZ I ghv `vi AbZg welq GB h, gywgbi cvkvK cwiQb _vKe Ges wZwb A
Zz _vKeb|366
om
Gfve ivm~jyjv n Anvi I m`hi ga cv_K wkwLqQb| Anvi gbi Abyfwy Z| wbRK Abi _K
eo gb Kiv, Ab Kvbv gvbylK QvU ev nq fvev Ges mZ MnY DbvwmKZv cKZ Anvi| GB cKvii Abyfw~ Z _K
.c
`qK gy iL mybv Z mZ myì cvkvK cwiavb KiZ wkv w`qQb wZwb|
ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvgi cvkvK-cwiQì AbZg w`K wQj myMw| wZwb me myM
st
fvjevmZb| Lv`, Avevmj, `n, cvkvK BZvw` mKj B wZwb myMw eenvi cQ` KiZb| G welq AbK
tru
nv`xm ewYZ nqQ|367 cvkvKi welq wewfb nv`xm ewYZ nqQ h, wZwb cvkvK cwivi Kivi mgq myMw wgwkZ Ki
bIqv cQ` KiZb| hb hZY cvkvKwU cwiwnZ _vK ZZY Zvi myM cvIqv hvq| wZwb `yM hy cvkvK AcQ`
h
KiZb|
na
Avbvm Beby gvwjK (iv) ejb,

un
[ ]
ss
bexRx -Gi hvdivb I Iqvim368 viv iwZ GKwU Pvì wQj| mB PvìwU cwiavb Ki wZwb Zuvi xMYi wbKU
Mgb KiZb| h ivZ h xi evwoZ Aevb KiZb m x Zuvi PvìwUK cvwb wQwUq w`Zb, hb Zvi myM ew cvq|
.a
nv`xmwUi mb` gvUvgywU MnYhvM|369

w
Avqkv (iv) ejb

w
w

ivm~jjy v n Gi Iqvim viv iwZ cvkvK wQj, hv wZwb evwoZ cwiavb KiZb, xMYi wbKU Mgb KiZb
Ges mvjvZ Av`vqi Rb eenvi KiZb| nv`xmwUi mb` `yej |370
cvkvK myì njI ZvZ AcQ`bxq M _vKj ivm~jjy v n Zv cwiavb KiZb bv| Avqkv (iv) ejb,
:
Contents

bexRx () GKwU Kvj eyi`v ev Pvì cwiavb Kib| ZLb wZwb (Avqkv) ejb: n Avjvni ivm~j, wK myìB
bv jvMQ GB Kvj PvìwU Avcbvi Mvq! Avcbvi m`h Gi Kvji mv_ wgjQ Avi Gi Kvj iO Avcbvi kixii
Zv ew KiQ| Gici H PvìwU _K AcQ`bxq M ei njv, GRb wZwb PvìwU dj `b| wZwb myM cQ`
KiZb| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|371
1. 3. 11. mijZv I webq
mijZv I webq gvbe `qi AbZg f~lY| gvbyli `qgbK cwe I ckv ivLZ Ges RxebK mnR, cvYe
I Avb`gq KiZ mvij I webqi Kvbv weK bB|
mijZv I webq wQj ivm~jjy vn -Gi AbZg ewk I wcqZg RxebixwZ| Zuvi cvkvK cwiQÌ Zuvi gnvb
Rxebi GB w`KwU weKwkZ I cwz UZ nqQ| wZwb GKw`K hgb mijZv I webqK fvjemQb I Drmvn w`qQb,
Aciw`K KwgZv, fvbKZ mijZv, cKvkgywL mijZv I AnwgKvK Zxefve wb`v KiQb|
ivm~jjy v n -Gi webq wQj AKwg I `qRvZ| webqi wZwb KwgZv cwinvi KiQb| Zuvi cvkvK cwiQì
om
w`K ZvKvjB Avgiv Zv `LZ cvB| KLbv wZwb cqvRb I myhvM g~jevb cvkvK cwiavb KiQb| GB cvkvK Zuvi ga
Kvbv KwgZv ev fos mw KiZ cviwb| Zuvi gvnvZi mv_ wgk wMqQ m cvkvK| Avevi AwaKvsk mgq wZwb AwZ
mvaviY, mnR I mv cvkvK cwiavb KiQb|
.c
wZwb wkv w`qQb h, gywgbi `q wejvwmZv, ghv`v ev cwmw cqvmx bq| cqvRb ev myhvM g~jevb cvkvK
st
cwiavb Kij gywgb `q DwjZ ev Anvix nq bv| Avevi g~jevb cvkvKi Afve gywgbi `q Kvbv Avdmvm ev Ki
AbyfywZ mw Ki bv| AwZ mvaviY cvkvK cwiavb KijI gywgbi `q Kvbv Afve ev Ki wPv Avm bv| mevevq gywgb
tru
`q Zz, cwiZ, Avbw`Z I webg _vK| Ze gywgbi DwPZ gvbexq cew , wejvwmZvi gvn I AnwgKv _K AvZiv KiZ
Ges webqK mnRvZ Ki wbZ BQv c~eK gvS gvS AwZ mvaviY cvkvK cwiavb Kiv| G welqK wKQy nv`xm GLvb DjL
h
KiwQ|
na
gyAvh Beby Avbvm (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb:

un

ss
h ew Avjvni Rb webqi Dk, mva I gZv _vKv mI (`vwg) cvkvK cwiZvM Ki, gwngvgq Avjvn
wKqvgZi w`b ZvK mKj mwi mvgb WvKeb Ges Cgvb`viì RvbvZx cvkvK-cwiQì ga _K h cvkvK m
.a
PvBe Zv eQ wbq cwiavb Kivi GLwZqvi ZvK c`vb Kieb| nv`xmwU mnxn|372
w
RyevBi Beby gyZwqg (iv) ejb,

w
w

jvK ej, Avgvi ga AnwgKv ev Anvi AvQ| A_P Avwg Mvavi wcV AvivnY Kwi, QvMj euvwa I `vnb Kwi,
Ges e`yCbì (mvaviY) Pvì cwiavb Kwi| ivm~jjy v n ejQb, h ew GB KvRwj Kie Zvi ga Kvbv Anvi ev
AnwgKv bB| nv`xmwU mnxn|373
Ave~ Dgvgv (iv) ejb, GKw`b ivm~jjy v n -Gi mvnvexMY cvw_e Rxeb wbq Zuvi KvQ Avjvc KiwQjb| ZLb
ivm~jjy v n ejb:

Zvgiv wK bQ bv! Zvgiv wK bQ bv!! wbq KQZv I KQZv RwbZ RxYZv ev mv`vwmawg Cgvbi Ask|
Contents

wbq KQZv ev K QZv RwbZ RxYZv ev mv`vwmawg Cgvbi Ask| nv`xmwU mnxn|374
GB nv`xm Aviex kwU eenvi Kiv nqQ| Gi mvaviY AvvwfavwbK A_ (slovenliness,
untidiness, shabiness) ev AMvQvjZv, AhZ, AcwicvwUZv, RxYZv, gwjbZv BZvw`| GLvb AfvmMZ ev KcYZv
RvwbZ AcwicvwUZv eySvbv nq wb| KviY Avgiv `LwQ h, Abvb nv`xm cwicvwUZv, cwiQbZv I m`hi cksmv Kiv
nqQ| GB nv`xmi Dk, gywgb cvkvKi MvQMvQ wbq AwZe neb bv| cqvRb I myhvMgZ myì I cwicvwU
cvkvK cwiavb Kieb| ZLb Zuvi `q Avjvni wbqvgZi KZZv weivR Kie| Avevi Abvb mgq mvaviY I mijZv
cKvkK cvkvK cieb| ZLb Zvi `q cvw_e Rxebi AvwqZ I fvMi Pq `vb I ZvMi gvnvZ weivR Kie|
gvS ga BQvKZfve cwiQb Ges AwZ mvaviY I mv`vwma cvkvK cwiavb Kieb| hb cvkvK Zvi Rxebi Ask bv
nq hvq| ZvKIqv, mZZv, webq BZvw`B gywgbi cKZ wPvi welq| Gwj me`vq ci _vKZ nq| gvS gvS Lyj civ
hvq bv| evBii cvkvKi Aev gywgbi gbK Awi Kie bv|
Ab GKwU eYbvq ev AcwicvwUZv-i evLvq ejv nqQ: ( ) h ew Kx cwiavb
KiQ m welq wbq m DrKwZ ev ewZe bq|375
Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, ivm~jjy v n GKw`K hgb bvsiv I AcwicvwU cvkvK-cwiQì wb`v KiQb,
Aciw`K ZvM I webqi Rb BQvKZ mv`vwmawg-i cksmv KiQb| G_K Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, Aenjv I cKwZMZ
bvsivwg, AcwiQbZv ev AcwicvwUZv wb`bxq| gywgb ^vfvweKfve mvagZ cwiQb I cwicvwU _vKeb| Ze cvkvKi
om
welqwU KvbvgZB `qK hb `Lj Ki bv bq| gywgbi DwPr gvS ga mv`vwma I AwZ mvaviY cvkvK cwiavb Ki
Pjv I AvZ-kvmbi gvag cewi Ans-gywL ceYZv KVvifve iva Kiv|
ivm~jjy v n I mvnvexMYi Rxebi Avgiv Gi eve D`vniY `LZ cvB| m`h, myMw I cwicvwUZvi mv_mv_
.c
wZwb I Zuvi mvnexMY AwZmvaviY, Kgg~ji I Zvwj Ìqv Kvco cwiavb KiZb|
st
eyLvix I gymwjg msKwjZ nv`xm Ave~ eyi`vn ejb,

tru

h
na
Avwg Avqkvi (iv) wbKU Mgb Kwi| wZwb Avgvì KvQ gvUv (GKeviB Kg`vgx) Kvcoi GKwU Bqvgvbx
Bhvi Ges GKwU eo Zvwj Ìqv Pvì cvwVq `b| Avqkv (iv) kc_ Ki ejb h, ivm~jjy v n GB `ywU Kvco cwiwnZ
un
Aevq BKvj KiQb|376

ss
] [
.a
.
w
Dgvi (iv) hLb Ljxdv wQjb m mgq Avwg ZvK `LwQ h, wZwb Zuvi cvkvKwU `y Kuvai gvS wZb evi Zvwj
w
w`q wbqQb| GKwUi Dci AviKwU Zvwj w`qQb| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn| 377
Ab nv`xm Avbvm (iv) ejb:
w

.
Avwg Dgvi (iv) Gi Rvgvi w`K ZvwKq `Ljvg Zuvi `y Kuvai gvS PvwiwU Zvwj iqQ, GKwU Zvwji mv_ Ab
Zvwji wgj bB| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|378
1. 3. 12. Av_-mvgvwRK Aevi mv_ mvgm
wewfb nv`xm ivm~jjy v n wb`k c`vb KiQb h, gyw gbi cvkvK Zvi Av_-mvgvwRK Aevi mv_ mvgvmc~Y
Contents

ne| gnvb Avjvn hw` ZvK A_-m` BZvw` AbyMn c`vb Kib Ze Zvi cvkvK cwiQ` mB AbyM ni cKvk _vKZ
ne| Avjvni wbqvgZi cKvk Kiv wbqvgZi KZZv cKvki Ask|
gvwjK Beby bv`jv (iv) ejb,

)(

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Avwg ejjvg, n Avjvni ivm~j, hw` Kvbv ew Avwg Zvi KvQ Mj AvgvK Avcvqb Ges gngvb`vwi bv
Ki, m Avgvi wbKU AvMgb Kij wK Avwg Zvi Avcvqb I gngvb`vwi Kie? ivm~jjy v n ejjb: Zzw g Zvi Avcvqb
Kie| ivm~jjy v n `Ljb h, Avwg RivRxY wbgvbi cvkvK cwiavb Ki iqwQ| wZwb ejjb: Zvgvi wK Kvbv
m` AvQ? Avwg ejjvg: me cKvii m` Avgvi AvQ| Avjvn AvgvK DU, fov BZvw` mKj m` c`vb KiQb|
wZwb ejjb: Zvnj mB wbqvgZi cKvk Zvgvi ga (Zvgvi cvkvK-cwiQ` I evwnK Aevi ga) _vKZ ne|
Avjvn hLb Kvbv ev`vK Kvbv wbqvgZ c`vb Kib, ZLb wZwb Zvi Dci mB wbqvgZi cKvk `LZ fvjevmb|
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Rvwei Beby Avyjv n (iv) ejb :
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Avgiv ivm~jjy v n Gi mv_ GK hy Mgb Kwi| GKew `ywU Qov Kvco (jyw I Pvì) ci Avm| Zvi
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Dk wQj hyi DUwj cwiPvjbv Kiv| ivm~jjy v n ZvK ejjb: Zvi wK GB `ywU Kvco Qvov Avi Kvbv Kvco bB?
ejv nq: Zvi evMi ga `ywU bZzb Kvco iqQ| wZwb ejjb: Zvi evMwU wbq Gm| wZwb evMwU Lyj `Lb ZvZ `ywU
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Kvco iqQ| wZwb H jvKwUK ejjb: GB bZzb `ywU Kvco cwiavb Ki Ges Qov Kvco `ywU dj `vI| jvKwU ZvB
Kijv| ivm~jjy v n ejb : GB wK Dg bq? nv`xmwU mnxn|380
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Bgivb Beby mvBwqb (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb:

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gnvb Avjvn hw` Kvbv ewK Kvbv wbqvgZ c`vb Kib, Zvnj wZwb fvjevmb h, Zuvi wbqvgZi cfve
Zvi ev`vi Dci cKvwkZ nvK| nv`xmwU mnxn|381
Ave~ ivBiv (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb:

gnvb Avjvn hLb Kvbv ev`vK Kvbv wbqvgZ c`vb Kib ZLb wZwb fvjevmb h, Zuvi wbqvgZi cfve D
ev`vi Dci (Zvi cvkvK I evwnK Aevi ga) cKvwkZ nvK| Avi gnvb Avjvn nZ`kv, Acgvb-wRjwZ, `vwi`
(Misery, wretchedness, distress) Ges Gwji BQvKZ cKvk AcQ` Kib| nv`xmwU mnxn|382
Contents

G mKj nv`xm I GB A_ ewYZ Aviv AbK mnxn nv`xmi AvjvK Avgiv RvbZ cvwi h, cwZwU gymwjgi
DwPZ mKj fvbKZ ev AenjvRwbZ AcwicvwUZv, Gjvgjvfve cwiZvM Ki cwiQb, cwicvwU, myì I Avw_K Aevi
mv_ mvgmc~Y g~jgvbi cvkvK-cwiQ` cwiavb Kiv| weklZ, huviv Avwjg ev mgvRi AbyKiYxq ewZ Zuvì Rb
Gw`K j ivLv AZxe cqvRbxq| c~ee Zx AvjvPbvq Avgiv `LwQ h, ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg
mvnvexMYK cwiQb I cwicvwU _vKZ wb`k w`qQb|
Ze Av_mvgvwRK Aevi mv_ mvgm weavb AekB Bmjvgi wb`kbvi ga ne| Kvbv mgvR hw` abx ev
mvbx ewMYi ga ikgx cvkvKi cPjb _vK Zvnj Kvbv abx ev mvbx gywgb Av_-mvgvwRK Aevi ARynvZ
ikgx cvkvK cwiavb KiZ cvieb bv| Abyicfve GB ARynvZi mgvR GKevi AcPwjZ cvkvK cwmwi Dk
cwiavb Kieb bv ev Kvbv Agymwjg mc`vqi cvkvK cwiavb Kieb bv| gywgb Bmjvgi wb`kbvi ga _K wbRi
Av_-mvgvwRK Aev i mv_ mwZmb cvkvK cwiavb Kieb|
G mKj gacv Aej^b KivB gywgbi DwPr| gywgb `qK Anvi gy ivLZ m`v mP _vKeb| webq,
cvwicvU, m`h ev mQjZvi cKvk KvbwUB mxgv jNb Kie bv Ges bvsivgx, ewZnxbZv ev AnwgKvq chewmZ ne
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1. 4. cvkvK welqK wKQz Bmjvgx Avè
1. 4. 1. Wvb w`K _K cwiavb I evg w`K _K Lvjv
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mKj fvj I KjvYgq welqi gZ cvkvK cwiavbi I Wvb w`K _K i Kiv cvkvK welqK Bmjvgx
Avè ev wkvPvii AbZg| wewfb nv`xmi AvjvK Avgiv RvbZ cvwi h, cvkvK cwiQ` Wvb w`K _K cwiavb i
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Kiv Ges evg w`K _K Lvjv i Kiv Dg| eyLvix I gymwjg msKwjZ nv`xm Avqkv (iv) ejb,

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Ave~ ivBiv (iv) ejb, ivm~jyjv n ejQb:

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Zvgiv hLb cvkvK cwiavb Kie Ges hLb Ihy Kie ZLb Wvbw`K _K i Kie| nv`xmwUi mb`
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eyLvix msKwjZ nv`xm Ave~ ivBiv (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejb,

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Zvgiv hLb RyZv cwiavb Kie ZLb Wvb w`K _K i Kie Ges hLb Lyje ZLb evg w`K _K i Kie;
hb Wvb cv c_g AveZ I kl AbveZ nq|387
1. 4. 2. bZzb cvkvK cwiavbi mgq
ivm~jjy v n bZzb cvkvK cwiavbi Rb Kvbv mgq weklfve cQ` KiZb ej Kvbv wbfihvM eYbv
cvIqv hvq bv| GKwU AZ hqxd ev gvDh~ nv`xm ewYZ nqQ h, wZwb evi bZzb cvkvK cwiavb KiZ cQ`
KiZb|
Contents

gynvv` Beby Avyjvn Avbmvix bvgK wZxq kZKi klvai GKRb eYbvKvix ejb, AvgvK Avgevmvn Beby
Avyi ivngvb Beby Avgevmvn Kzivkx ejQb, ZvK Avyjv n Beby Avexj AvmIqv` ejQb, ZvK Avbvm Beby gvwjK (iv)
ejQb

ivm~jyjv n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg hLb bZzb cvkvK cwiavb KiZb ZLb evi Zv cwiavb KiZb|
GB nv`xmi GKgv eYbvKvix gynvv` Beby Avyjv n I Zvi Dv` Avbevmvn `yRbB wZxq wnRix kZKi gvbyl|
GB `y ewB wg_v nv`xm evwbq wewfb evbvqvU mb` eYbv KiZb ej gynvwmMY cgvY KiQb| Zviv Qvov Ab KD
Avbvm (iv) _K ev Avyjv n Beby Avwej AvmIqv` _K nv`xmwU eYbv Kib wb| GRb AbK gynvwm nv`xmwUK AZ
hqxd ejQb Ges Ab AbK nv`xmwUK gvDh~ ej MY KiQb|388
Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, mybv Zi AvjvK bZzb cvkvK cwiavbi Kvbv w`bi Kvbv ewk bB| G mKj
w`bB mgvb|
1. 4. 3. cvkvK cwiavbi I cwiwnZi `vqv
Bmjvgx Rxeb-cwZi AbZg w`K mKj Kg `qK Avjvni mv_ m ivLv I Zuvi KvQ KjvY, `qv I
mvnvh cv_bv Kiv| cvkvK cwiavbi mgqI cv_bv KiZ wkv w`qQb ivm~jjy v n |
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ivm~jyjv n Kvbv bZzb cvkvK cwiavb Kij Zvi bvg DjL KiZb| cvMwo, Kvgxm, Pvì hvB nvK Zv
DjL Ki ejZb: n Avjvn, AvcbviB mKj cksmv, AvcwbB AvgvK GB cvkvKwU cwiavb KwiqQb| Avwg Avcbvi
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KvQ Gi KjvY I gj c_bv KiwQ Ges Gi Drcv`bi ga hZ KjvY I gj iqQ Zv cv_bv KiwQ| Avi Avwg
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Avcbvi Avkq MnY KiwQ Gi Agj _K Ges Gi Drcv`bi ga hv wKQy AgjKi iqQ Zv _K| nv`xmwU
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gyAvh Beby Avbvm (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb,

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hw` KD Kvco cwiavb Ki ej, cksmv Avjvni wbwg, whwb AvgvK GB Kvco cwiavb KwiqQb Ges
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AvgvK Zv c`vb KiQb, Avgvi c _K Kvbvic Aej^b I gZv ewZiKB Ze Zvi c~eeZx I cieZx cvcmg~n
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gv Kiv ne| nvwKg I hvnvex nv`xmwUK eyLvixi kZvbymvi mnxn ej DjL KiQb| 390
GKwU `yej mb` ewYZ nv`xm Dgvii (iv) m~ ejv nqQ, ivm~jjy vn ejQb, h ew bZzb cvkvK
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cwiavb Ki eje:

mKj cksmv Avjvni wbwg, whwb AvgvK cvkvK cwiqQb, hviv Avwg Avgvi `ni Mvcb Ask AveZ KiwQ Ges
Avgvi Rxeb Avwg mvRMvR KiZ cviwQ, Gici Zvi cyivZb KvcowU `vb Ki è, mB ew Rxeb I giY Avjvni
ndvhZ I Avkq _vKe|391
Ab GKwU `yej mb` ewYZ nv`xm Avjxi (iv) m~ ejv nqQ, ivm~jjy v n cvkvK cwiavbi mgq ejZb :

Contents

cksmv Avjvni wbwg, whwb AvgvK cvkvK c`vb KiQb, hviv Avwg gvbyli ga m`hgwZ nZ cvwi Ges
Avgvi `ni Mvcb Ask AveZ Kwi|392
KvDK bZzb cvkvK cwiwnZ `Lj `vqv Kiv ivm~jjy v n I mvnvexMYi ixwZ ev mybv Z| Avyjvn Beby Dgvi
(iv) ejb, ivm~jyjvn Dgvi (iv)-K GKwU mv`v Rvgv (eo wcinvb) cwiwnZ Aevq `Lb| wZwb ck Kib: Zvgvi
KvcowU wK bZzb bv avqv? wZwb Di ejb: bZzb bq, avqv Kvco| ZLb ivm~jjy v n ejb :

bZzb cvkvK ci, ckswmZfve Rxeb hvcb Ki, knx` nq gZz eiY Ki Ges Avjvn ZvgvK cw_exZ Ges
AvwLivZ cwic~Y kvw I Avb` c`vb Kib| nv`xmwUi mb` nvmvb ev MnYhvM|393
Ave~ byìvn gybwhi Beby gvwjK bvgK Zvweqx ejb, ivm~jjy vn ()-Gi mvnvexMYi ga ixwZ wQj h, Zuvì
ga _K KD bZzb cvkvK cwiavb Kij Zvi fKvgbv Ki ejv nZv:

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GB cvkvK Zvgi `nB cyivZb I RxY nq hvK Ges gnvb Avjvn Gi cwieZ Ab cvkvK ZvgvK `vb
Kib| (A_vr Avjvn ZvgvK `xN Rxeb `vb Kib, h Rxeb GB cvkvK I Abyic Aviv AbK cvkvK RxY Kivi
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myhvM Zzwg cvI|) nv`xmwU mnxn|394
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`vqv gywgbi Rxebi AbZg m`| `vqvB Bev`Z| gnvb Avjvni ìevi `vqvi Pq mvwbZ Avi wKQzB
bB|395 gywgbi DwPZ Rxebi mKj i bvq cvkvK cwiavbi I gvmb~b `vqvwj gyL ivLv Ges eenvi Kiv|
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Avjvn AvgvìK ZvIdxK `vb Kib|
1. 5. cvkvK I mvjvZ
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Bmjvgi AbZg iKb mvjvZ ev bvgvh, Avi cvkvK cwiavb mvjvZi AweQ` Ask| mvjvZi Rb b~bZg
ea cvkvK, Dg cvkvK I G ivm~jjy v n I mvnvexMYi ixwZ I Av`k Rvbvi Rb gywgbi gb ^vfvweK AvMn
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_vK| GRb Avgiv GLvb welqwU weklfve AvjvPbv Kie| gnvb Avjvni ZvIdxK cv_bv KiwQ|
gymwjg Dvn GKgZ h, mvjvZ Av`vqi Rb cvkvK cwiavb KiZ ne| AgZv ev AcviMZv Qvov bM ev Dj
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Aevq mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv hve bv| mvaviYfve mevB GKgZ h, cyili Rb bvwf _K nuvUz ch AveZ cvkvK cwiavb Ki
mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv dih| Avi gwnjvì Rb mvjvZi Rb gv_v, gv_vi Pzj, Kvb I Mjvmn mg kixi AveZ Ki ivLv dih|
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ay gyLgj I `y nvZi cvZv I Kw AbveZ ivLvi AbygwZ iqQ| KD `LyK ev bv `LyK, evBi ev Mnvfi mevevq
mvjvZ Av`vqi Rb kixii GmKj Ask AveZ KiZ ne|
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BZvc~e Avgiv `LwQ h, KziAvb Kvixg Bikv` Kiv nqQ, Zvgiv cZK gmwRì wbKU Zvgvì m`h
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MnY Ki|
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GB AvqvZ _K Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, mvjvZ Av`vqi Rb ev gmwR` Mgbi Rb gvbe mvbi DwPZ h_vme
myì cvkvK cwiQ` cwiavb Kiv| Avjvgv Beby Kvmxi ejb: GB AvqvZ I GB A_ ewYZ wewfb nv`xmi AvjvK mvjvZi
Rb Ges weklZ Rygy Avi w`b Ges Cì w`b mvRMvR Kiv, myì cvkvK civ, myMw gvLv I gmIqvK Kiv gymZvnve ej
cgvwYZ| KviY Gwj meB m`hi Afy|396
G _K Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, ivm~jjy v n I mvnvexMY mvjvZi Rb h_vme cwic~Y I myì cvkvK cwiavb
KiZb| mybv Zi AvjvK cvkvKi AvjvPbvq Avgiv `Le h, ivm~jjy v n RygyAvi w`b I Cì w`b mvaviY
cvkvKi Dci Ryev ev KvZv cwiavb KiZb| Avgiv Aviv `Le h, wZwb cvMwo cwiavb Ki LyZev w`Zb| G mKj
eYbv _K Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, mvjvZi Rb kixii wbvsk, Eavsk I gv_v AveZ Kivi Rb wZb c Kvco cwiavb
Kiv Dg| Dci Gwji Dci Ryev, MvDb, KzZv , cvMwo BZvw` cwiavb KivI fvj, weklZ C` I Rygy Avi mvjvZi
Contents

Rb|
wK wRvm GB h, G mKj cvkvKi ga b~bZg cqvRbxq cvkvK Kx? h cvkvK mvjvZ Av`vq Kij gywgb
Acivax ev cvcx ej MY ne bv? wZxq ck, ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg I mvnvexMY mvaviYZ wKic cvkvK ci
mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb?
G welqK nv`xmwj chvjvPbv Ki Avgiv `LZ cvB h, cyili mvjvZi cvkvKi PvwiwU chvq iqQ|
c_gZ, b~bZg chvq: GKwUgv jyw ev cvRvgv cwiavb Ki bvwf _K nuvUz ch AveZ iL mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv|
G gv_v I `ni DcwifvM AbveZ _vK| ivm~jyjv n -Gi hyM mvnvexMY Kvcoi ^Zvi KviY KLbv KLbv Gfve
mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb ej Avgiv `LZ cve| Ze ivm~jjy v n wbR KLbv Gfve mvjvZ Av`vq KiQb ej Kvbv nv`xm
Avgiv `LZ cvB wb| GQvov Gfve mvjvZ Av`vq KiZ Avcw Rvbvbv nqQ Kvbv Kvbv nv`xm|
wZxqZ, mvaviY chvq: GKwUgv eo Lvjv jyw Kuvai Dci w`q cwiavb Ki `y Kuvamn cyiv kixi AveZ Kiv|
A_vr eo PvìK wcinvb ev Kvgxmi gZ Ki cwiavb Kiv| GZ GKwU KvcoB Kuva _K cv ch AveZ nq hvq|
ivm~jjy v n wbR Gfve mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb ej Avgiv `LZ cve| GQvov mvnvexMY GfveB AwaKvsk mgq mvjvZ
Av`vq KiZb ej wewfb nv`xm ewYZ nqQ|
ZZxqZ, Dg chvq: `ywU c_K Kvco Kuva _K cv ch AveZ Kiv| wbgvski Rb Bhvi (jyw) ev cvRvgv Ges
Eavski Rb Pvì ev Rvgv| ivm~jyjv n AwaKvsk mgq `ywU Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb ejB nv`xmi AvjvK cZxqgvb
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nq| cvPzhi AvMgbi ci AbK mvnvex mvjvZ AZ `ywU Kvco eenvi KiZ Drmvn c`vb KiZb|
PZz_Z , mevg chvq: wZb c Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv| Dcii `y c Kvcoi mv_ gv_v AveZ Kivi Rb
Uzwc, cvMwo, igvj BZvw` eenvi Kiv| cyilì mvjvZi cvkvK welqK Kvbv nv`xm gv_v AveZ Kivi K_v ejv
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nqwb ev mvjvZi Rb weklfve Uzwc, cvMwo ev igvj cwiabi Kvbv wb`kbv ev Drmvn Kvbv mnxn nv`xm Avgiv
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gvmb~b ev m`h c~YZ

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Ask wnmve gv_v AveZ Ki ivLZb Ges Gfve gv_v AveZ iLB mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb| gv_v AveZ Kivi gvagB
v jvf Ki| gwnjvì mvjvZi cvkvK welqK nv`xm ZvìK mvjvZi ga gv_v AveZ
ivLvi wb`k Ìqv nqQ|
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1. 5. 1. GKwUgv Kvco mvjvZ

GKwUgv Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq KiZ nj c_g kZ h, KvcowU AZ AvIivZ ev bvwf _K nuvUz ch AveZ
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Kie| GRb GKwUgv Kvco cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Pvi cKvi nZ cvi:
1. GKwUgv Bhvi A_vr jyw ev Pvì ci Kvgi _K cv ch AveZ Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv|
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2. GKwUgv Bhvi ev Pvì ci Kuva _K cv ch AveZ Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv| Gfve ciZ nj KvcowU
eo nZ ne| AZ nvZ PviK c I 5/6 nvZ `N nj PvìwU Nvoi Dci iL `y cv `y w`K w`q Kuvai Dci
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Rvwoq civ hvq| dj GKwU KvcoB wcinvbi gZ Kuva _K cv ch cyiv kixi AveZ nq|
3. GKwUgv wcinvb ev Kvgxm cwiavb Ki Kuva _K cv ch AveZ Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv
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4. GKwUgv cvRvgv cwiavb Ki Kvgi _K cv ch AveZ Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv|

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wZxq I ZZxq cwZZ ivm~jjy v n mvjvZ Av`vq KiQb ej ewYZ nqQ| c_g I PZz_ cwZ nv`xm
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AcQ` Kiv nqQ|

1. 5. 1. 1. GKwUgv Pvì mvjvZ
DevB Beby Kve (iv) ejb :

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ay GKwUgv Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv mybv Z, Avgiv ivm~jjy v n -Gi mv_ Gfve GK Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq
KiZvg, GRb AvgvìK Kvbv `vl Ìqv nZv bv| ZLb Avyjv n Beb gvmE` (iv) ejb: m mgq Kvcoi
KgwZi KviY Gfve mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv nZv| GLb hnZz Avjvn cvPzh c`vb KiQb mnZz `ywU Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq
Kiv Dg|
wZxq eYbvq: Beby gvmE` ejb: Zvgiv GLb `ywU Kvco Qvov mvjvZ Av`vq Kie bv| ZLb DevB Beby Kve
Contents

ejb: GZ Kvbv Amyweav bB| Avgiv Zv ivm~jjy v n -Gi mgq `ywU Kvco _vKv mI GKwU Kvco ci mvjvZ Av`vq
KiZvg| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|397
DevB (iv) c_g ejQb, ay GKwUgv Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv mybv Z| GK_v _K gb nq, GKwUgv Bhvi
ev jyw cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq KivB mybvZ ev ivm~jjy vn -Gi ixwZ I Dg cwZ| evnZ gb nq wZwb GfveB
mvaviYZ mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb| wK Kve (iv)-Gi cieZx K_v _K Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, wZwb mybv Z ejZ eywSqQb:
mybv Z mZ| A_vr GKwUgv Kvco cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kij Kvbv Abvq ne bv| Avyjv n Beby gvmEì (iv)
K_v _KI Avgiv Zv eySZ cvwi| wZwb Kve (iv)-Gi g~j K_vi mv_ GKgZ nqQb h, GKwUgv Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq
mybv Z mZ, Ze mva _vKj `ywU ev ZZvwaK Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq Dg|
ay GKwU Kvco ejZ GKc Lvjv mjvBnxb _vb Kvco eySvbv nq, hvK Lvjv jyw ev Pvì wnmve eenvi
Kiv hvq| GBic GKwU Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq `yfve nZ cvi :
c_gZ: KvcowUK jyw wnmve cwiavb Ki ay bvwf _K kixii wbvsk AveZ Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv|
wZxqZ: KvcowUK Kvgi bv Rvwoq, Kuvai Dci w`q Rwoq cwiavb Kiv| Gfve cwiavb Kij GKwU Kvco
viv Kuva, wcV I cU mn kixii wbvsk AveZ Kiv hvq|
nv`xm kixd c_g cwZZ mvjvZ Av`vq KiZ wbirmvwnZ Kiv nqQ| Kvco QvU njB ay Gfve mvjvZ
Av`vq KiZ ejv nqQ| h_vmva wZxq cwZZ Kvco cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq KiZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ| Kuv a
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AbveZ iL mvjvZ Av`vq Avcw Kiv nqQ| Avyjv n Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb:

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Zvgvì KD hw` GKwUgv Kvco cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Ki Ze m hb Zv Kvgi cwPq cwiavb
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Ki, Bw`ì gZ Mvq Rove bv| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|398
GB nv`xm c_g cwZZ Kvco ci mvjvZ Av`vqi AbygwZ Ìqv nqQ| Ze Abvb nv`xmi AvjvK Avgvi
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RvbZ cvwi h, ay jyw ev Pvì QvU njB Gfve Zv cwiavb KiZ ne| jyw ev PvìwU eo nj Zv wZxq cwZZ cwiavb
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KiZ Drmvn Ìqv nqQ|

mnxn eyLvix, mnxn gymwjg I Abvb M msKwjZ nv`xm Zvweqx mvC` Bebyj nvwim ejb: Avgiv Rvwei Beby
un
Avyjv ni (iv) wbKU Mgb Ki `wL wZwb GKwU gv Kvco Mvq Rwoq mvjvZ Av`vq KiQb| wZwb Kuvai Dci _K
KvcowU Mvq Rwoq `y cv `y w`K _K Kuvai Dci dj cyiv kixi AveZ KiQb| A_P Zuvi PvìwU Zuvi nvZi
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bvMvji ga iqQ| wZwb mvjvZ kl Kij Avgiv GKwUgv Kvco cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vqi welq ck Kijvg| wZwb
ejjb: Zvgvì gZ AvngKì `Lvbvi RbB Zv Gfve GK Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq Kijvg, hb welqwU h ivm~jyjv n
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Rvqh KiQb Zv Zvgiv Avgvi gvag RvbZ cvi| Gici wZwb ejb: GK mdi Avwg ivm~jjy v n -Gi mv_
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wQjvg| iv Avwg Zuvi KvQ Gm `wL wZwb (Zvnvyì) mvjvZ iZ iqQb| Avgvi Mvq ZLb GKwU gv Kvco wQj hv
Avwg kixi cuwPq iLwQjvg| Avwg Zuvi cvk ùvwoq mvjvZ Av`vq Kijvg| mvjvgi ci wZwb K_v ejjb| wZwb
w
ejjb: Gfve Kvco Rwoq iLQ Kb? Avwg ejjvg : KvcowU QvU ZvB Gfve cuwPq iLwQ| wZwb ejb :
w

[]
Zzwg hLb GKwUgv Kvco cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kie ZLb hw` KvcowU eo ev ck nq Ze Zzwg Zv
Pvìi gZ Ki Mvq Rwoq be| Avi hw` KvcowU QvU nq Ze Bhvi ev jyw evwbq Kvgi cuwPq cwiavb
Kie|399
Ab nv`xm Kuva Lvjv iL mvjvZ Av`vq KiZ Avcw Kiv nqQ| mnxn eyLvix I mnxn gymwjg msKwjZ
nv`xm Ave~ ivBiv (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg ejQb:

Contents

`y Kuvai Dci Kvcoi wKQz Ask bv iL ay GKwUgv Kvco Zvgvì KD mvjvZ Av`vq Kie bv|400
G mKj nv`xm _K Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, hw` Lvjv jyw ev PvìwU QvU nq Ze ay jyw wnmve cwiavb Ki
kixii Davsk m~Y AbveZ iL mvjvZ Av`vq KiZ ne| Avi hw` KvcowU GKUy eo nq ev AZ 3/4 nvZ PIov I
4/5 nvZ j^v nq Zvnj KvcowU w`q h_vme Kuva _K kixii Davsk I wbvsk AveZ KiZ ne|
Dcii nv`xm Avgiv `LwQ h, Rvwei (iv) Zuvi Pvì nvZi bvMvj _vKv mI ay GKwU Lvjv eo jyw Mvq Rwoq
mvjvZ Av`vq KiQb| wewfb nv`xm _K eySv hvq h, wZwb me`v ev AwaKvsk mgq Zuvi Pvì I Abvb cvkvK cvk iL ay
GKwUgv eo mjvBwenxb jyw Kuvai Dci w`q cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb| Zuvi Dk wQj, mB mgvRi gvbyliv hb
Gfve mvjvZ Av`vqi eaZv eySZ cvi|
Zvweqx Dev`vn Beby Iqvjx` Beby Dev`vn Bebym mvwgZ ejb:

...

om
Avwg I Avgvi Avev Bjg wkvi Dk evwo _K ei nB| Avgiv Rvwei Beby Avyjv ni (iv) gmwR` AvMgb
Kwi| wZwb ZLb gmwR` GKwUgv Kvco cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq KiwQjb| wZwb KvcowU Kuvai Dci w`q Rwoq
.c
ciwQjb| ZLb Avwg DcwZ gvbylì wWwq Zuvi mvgb Zuvi I wKejvi gvS hq emjvg Ges ejjvg: Avjvn AvcbvK
ingZ Kib! Avcwb GKwUgv Kvco (mjvBwenxb eo jyw) cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq KiQb, A_P Avcbvi Mvqi PvìwU
st
Avcbvi cvkB iqQ!? ZLb wZwb Zuvi nvZ w`q Avgiv eyKi w`K Bkviv Ki ejb: Avgvi Dk h, Zvgvi gZ
tru
AvngKiv hb Avgvi KvQ Gm `LZ cvq h Avwg wKfve mvjvZ Av`vq KiwQ Zvnj ZvivI Avgvi gZ Gfve mvjvZ
Av`vq Kie|401
h
eyLvix-msKwjZ Ab nv`xm gynvv` Bebyj gybKvwì ejb:
na

un
.

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Rvwei (iv) GKwUgv Bhvi (mjvBwenxb jyw) cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kib| wZwb jywwUK Zvi Kuvai Dci w`q
.a
wMi w`q ivLb| Zvi Abvb cvkvK cwiQ` ZLb cvkB ZvKi Dci ivLv wQj| ZLb GKew ej: Avcwb GKwUgv
Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq Kijb? Di Rvwei (iv) ejb: AvwgZv GRbB Gfve mvjvZ Av`vq Kijvg hb, Zvgvi gZ
w
AvngKiv AvgvK Gfve mvjvZ Av`vq KiZ `L| ivm~jjy v n -Gi hyM Avgvì Kvi `ywU Kvco wQj?402
w
eyLvix I gymwjg msKwjZ nv`xm Ave~ ivBiv (iv) ejb :

w

Avwg myddvi Awaevmx 70 Rb mvnvexK `LwQ, huvì Kviv Kvbv Pvì wQj bv| Kviv ay GKwU Bhvi ev
Lvjv jyw wQj| Kviv GKwUgv eo Kvco wQj hv Zuviv Mjvi mv_ eua wbZb| Zuvì Kviv Kvco Mjv _K cvqi
bjvi gavb ch cuQvZ Avi Kviv Kvco cvqi wMiv (UvLby) ch bvgZ| jvvb ewiq covi fq Zuviv KvcowU
nvZ w`q ai ivLZb|403
ivm~jjy v n wbR AbK mgq Gfve GKwUgv Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb| m wZwb KvcowUK Kuvai Dci
Contents

w`q Rwoq wbZb| eyLvix-gymwjg msKwjZ nv`xm Dgvi Beby Avex mvjvgvn (iv) ejb:
][

[ ]
Avwg ivm~jjy vn -K Avgvi Avv Dy mvjvgvi (iv) Ni GKwUgv Kvco cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq KiZ `wL|
wZwb KvcowUi `y cv Zuvi `y Kuvai Dci w`q `y w`K iL Rwoq wbqwQjb|404
eyLvix-gymwjg msKwjZ nv`xm Rvwei Beby Avyjv n (iv) ejb:

Avwg bexRx mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvgK GKwUgv Kvco Kuva _K Rwoq cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq KiZ
`LwQ|405
gymwjg-msKwjZ nv`xm Ave~ mvC` Lyìx (iv) ejb:
]

[
om
wZwb ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvgi wbKU Mgb Kib| wZwb ejb: Avwg `Ljvg wZwb GKwUgv
Kvco cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq KiQb| wZwb KvcowU Kuvai Dci w`q ciwQjb Ges Kvcoi `y cv Kuvai `y w`K
iL w`qwQjb|406
.c
eyLvix-gymwjg msKwjZ nv`xm ivm~jyjvn -Gi PvPvZv evb Dy nvbx (iv) ejb: gv weRqi w`b Avwg
ivm~jjy v n -Gi wbKU Mgb Kwi| `Ljvg h, wZwb Mvmj KiQb Ges Zvi gq dvwZgv (iv) ZvK GKwU Kvco w`q
st
Avovj Ki iLQb| ZLb Avwg ZuvK mvjvg w`jvg| wZwb ejb: K? Avwg ejjvg: Dy nvbx| ....
tru

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hLb wZwb Zvi Mvmj kl Kib ZLb GKwUgv Kvco (eo mjvBwenxb jyw) Pvìi gZ Rwoq ci 8
na
ivKAvZ (mvjvZz` `vnv ev PvkZi mvjvZ) Av`vq Kib|407

Gfve ivm~jjy v n mvjvZ Av`vqi mgq Kuva _K kixii Davsk AveZ ivLvi cwZ iZ Avivc KiQb|
un
Kvgxm cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq KijI GB Dk c~Y nq| GRb wZwb GKwUgv Kvgxm ev j^v Rvgv cwiavb Ki mvjvZ
Av`vqi AbygwZ w`qQb|
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cieZxKvj LjvdZ ivk`vi hyMI AwaKvsk mvnvex ay GKwUgv eo Pvì Kuvai Dci _K Rwoq cwiavb
Ki mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb ej ewYZ nqQ| Ave~ ivBiv (iv) ejb,
.a
.
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huvi nvZ Ave~ ivBivi cvY Zvi kc_, Avwg gmwRì ga `w wbc KiZvg| ZLb GKRb gvbyl Luy R cvIqv
w
Ame nq hZ, h `ywU Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq KiQ| Avi AvRKvj Zvgiv `ywU ev wZbwU Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq Ki|
Ave~ Avwgi Avbmvix ejb

wZwb Ave~ eKi (iv)-Gi LjvdZKvj 7 gvm Zuvi wcQ mvjvZ Av`vq Kib| wZwb `Lb h, Zuvi mv_
(gmwR` beexZ) h mKj cyil mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb Zuvì ga AwaKvsk cyilB GKwU Pvìgv viv kixi AveZ
Contents

Ki mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb| GB GKwUgv Pvì Qvov Ab Kvbv Kvco Zuvì `n _vKZ bv| eYbvwUi mb` gvUvgywU
MnYhvM|409
1. 5. 1. 2. GKwUgv Kvgxm mvjvZ
Avyi ivngvb Beby Ave~ eKi (iv) ejb,

Rvwei Beby Avyjv n (iv) GKwUgv Kvgxm (wcinvb) cwiavb Ki Avgvì BgvgwZ Kib| Zuvi Mvq Kvbv Pvì
wQj bv| mvjvZ kl wZwb ejb: Avwg `LwQ h, ivm~jjy vn GKwUgv Rvgv (wcinvb) ciwavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq
KiZb| nv`xmwUi mb` `yej |410
Zvweqx AvZv Beby Avex ivevn ejb:

Rvwei (iv) GKwUgv Kvgxm (wcinvb) cwiwnZ Aevq Zvì BgvgZx Kib nv`xmwUi mb` MnYhvM|411
Ab eYbvq Zvweqx AvZv Beby Avex ivevn ejQb:
om

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st
wZwb `Lb h, Rvwei (iv) GKwUgv nvv Kvgxm Mvq mvjvZ Av`vq KiQb| Zvi Mvq Kvbv Pvì wQj bv Ges
Kvbv BhviI wQj bv| wZwb ejb: Avgvi gb nq Gfve GKwUgv Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv h ea I GZ Kvbv Amyweav
tru
bB Zv `Lvbvi RbB wZwb Gfve mvjvZ Av`vq Kib| nv`xmwUi mb` MnYhvM ej cZxqgvb nq|412
Zvweqx gyRvwn` Avyjvn Beby Dgvi (iv) _K ejb:
h

na
wZwb GKwUgv Kvgxm (wcinvb) Mvq w`q mvjvZ Av`vq Kib| Zuvi Mvq mB KvgxmwU Qvov Avi wKQzB wQj
un
bv|413
Zvweqx gyRvwn` ejb, Avwg Beby Dgvi (iv) -K ck Kijvg:
ss

.a
ay GKwUgv Kvco hw` AvgvK mvjvZ Av`vq KiZ nq Zvnj Kvbv Kvco Avcwb ewk cQ` Kib? wZwb
ejb: Kvgxm|414
w
Abyicfve Avyjvn Beby Avevm, Ave~ Dgvgvn, gyAvweqv (iv) I Abvb AbK mvnvex-Zvweqx GKwUgv Kvgxm ev
w
wcinvb cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq KiQb Ges KiZ AbygwZ c`vb KiQb|415
w
mvjvgv Bebyj AvKIqv (iv) ejb, Avwg ejjvg:

n Avjvni ivm~j, Avwg wkKvi _vwK Ges Avgvi Mvq GKwUgv Rvgv (Kvgxm) Qvov wKQyB _vK bv, Avwg wK Zv
cwiavb KiB mvjvZ Av`vq Kie? wZwb ejjb: Zvgvi RvgvwUi evZvg AvuUe, GKwU KvUv w`q njI| nv`xmwU
Contents

mnxn|416
GB nv`xm _K Avgiv Abygvb KiZ cvwi h, meZ ivm~jjy vn I mvnvexMY me nj Rvgvi wbP jyw ev
cvRvgv cwiavb KiZb Ges mRb Rvgvi evZvg Lvjv ivLZb|
Dcii nv`xmwj _K Avgiv ay GKwUgv Rvgv ev wcinvb ci mvjvZ Av`vq Kivi eaZv RvbZ cvwi| Avgiv
Aviv RvbZ cvwi h, Gfve mvjvZ Av`vq Kij Rvgvi evZvg AvUKvbv DwPZ| GB JwPZi chvq wbaviY BgvgMY
gZf` KiQb| KD Dg ejQb Avi KD cqvRbxq ej gb KiQb|
Bgvg kvwdqx I Avng` ejQb, hw` KD GKwUgv Rvgv cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Ki Ges Rvgvi evZvg e
bv Ki, dj Rvgvi Mjv w`q Zvi wbRi v Zvi bRi co Ze Zvi mvjvZ b nq hve| Avi Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I
gvwjK ejb h, ay GKwUgv Rvgv ci mvjvZ Av`vq Kij evZvg e Kiv Dg, Ze evZvg e bv Kij Kvbv `vl
ne bv| G AevqI evZvg Lvjv iL mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv Zuviv Rvqh ejQb| Abvb nv`xm I wewfb mvnvex-Zvweqxi
gZvgZi Dci Zuvi wbfi KiQb|417
1. 5. 1. 3. GKwUgv cvRvgvq mvjvZ
Dcii nv`xmwj _K Avgiv RvbZ cvwiQ h, mvjvZ Av`vqi Rb bvwf _K nuvUz ch AveZ Kiv dih
njI Kuva, wcV, cU BZvw` kixii Davsk AveZ KivI cqvRbxq| GRb GKwUgv Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq KijI me
nj Zv Kuvai Dci w`q cwiavb KiZ Drmvn c`vb Kiv nqQ| GB A_B GKwU nv`xm ay cvRvgv ci mvjvZ Av`vq
om
KiZ wbla Kiv nqQ| eyivB`v (iv) ejb:

(
)

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.

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ivm~jjy v n wbla KiQb h, Kvbv ew GKwUgv Pvì ci mvjvZ Av`vq Kie A_P Kuva wcV wKQz Rove
tru
bv| wZwb Aviv wbla KiQb, Mvq Pvì bv iL Kejgv cvRvgv cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq KiZ|418
AwaKvsk gynvwm nv`xmwUi mb` gvUvgywU wbfihvM ej MnY KiQb| KD KD GK `yej ej DjL
h
KiQb| KviY GB nv`xmwUi GKgv eYbvKvix wZxq kZKi ivex DevB`yjv n Beby Avyjv n Aveyj gybxe Avj-BZKx|
na
wZwb ejb, Avyjv n Beby eyivB`vn Zuvi wcZv eyivB`vn _K nv`xmwU ZvK ejQb| Bgvg eyLvix, bvmvC I Abvb
gynvwm DjL KiQb h, Zvi ewYZ nv`xmwji ga AbK fyjvw cvIqv hvq| Ze Ave~ nvwZg, Beby gvCb cgyL
un
ZvK wbfihvM ej DjL KiQb|419

GRb Kvbv Kvbv dKxn nv`xmwU `yej wnmve cZvLvb KiQb| 5g wnRix kZKi AbZg gynvwm I gvwjKx
ss
gvhnvei dKxn Avjvgv BDm~d Beby Avyjv n Beby Avyj evi&i (463 wn) ejb: GB nv`xmwUi mb` `yej| KvRB nv`xmwU
MnYhvM bq| GQvov nv`xmwU Abvb mnxn nv`xmi wecixZ| KviY Abvb mnxn nv`xm Kvgi Kvco Rwoq mvjvZ
.a
Av`vqi AbygwZ Ìqv nqQ| KvRB ay cvRvgv ci evKx kixi AbveZ iL mvjvZ Av`vq Amyweav bB|420
Abvb AbK gynvwm I dKxn nv`xmwUK MnY KiQb| 421 Ze nv`xmi GB wblavvi chvq wbYqi
w
gZweiva KiQb| KvbvKvbv dKxn gZcKvk KiQb h, hw` Kviv `ywU Kvco _vK Zvnj Zvi Rb ay GKwU
w
Kvco cwiavb Ki, A_vr ay cvRvgv ev jyw ci kixi I gv_v Lvwj iL mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv wbwl ev gvKin| AZ Kuva
w
ch AveZ Kiv cqvRbxq ej Zuviv gZ cKvk KiQb| GB nv`xm viv Zuviv Zuvì gZ mg_b Kib|
Abw`K Bgvg Avhg Ave~ nvbxdv (150 wn), Zuvi AbymvixMY I Bgvg gvwjKi (179 wn) AwaKvsk Abymvix ejb
h, GB nv`xmi A_ `ywU Kvco co mvjvZ Av`vq Drmvn c`vb| Gi wecixZ Kij Kvbv Abvq ne bv| Kviv hw`
GKvwaK Kvco _vK Ges Zv mI wZwb ay jyw ev cvRvgv ci gv_v, Nvo, wcV BZvw` `ni evwK Ask AbveZ iL
mvjvZ Av`vq Kib Zvnj Kvbv `vl ne bv|
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (iv)-Gi Qv I mnPi Bgvg gynvv` Bebyj nvmvb kvBevbx (189 wn) Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi
gZvgZ eYbv Ki ejb:

Contents

.
Avwg ejjvg: hw` Kvbv cyil GKwUgv Bhvi ev Lvjv jyw cwiavb Ki, A_ev GKwUgv cvRvgv cwiavb Ki,
A_ev GKwUgv QvU (Kuva _K nuvUzi wb ch) Rvgv cwiavb Ki A_ev GKwUgv eo Pvì viv Kuva _K mviv `n
AveZ Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Ki Zvnj Zvi weavb wK ne? m hw` GB cKvii cvkvK BgvgwZ Ki ev gyvw` nq ev
GKvKx mvjvZ Av`vq Ki Zvnj Zvi weavb wK ne? wZwb ejb: hw` Zvi GB GKwUgv cvkvK gvUv nq (cvZjv kixi
cKvkK bv nq) Zvnj Zvi mvjvZ cwic~Y ne| 422
4_ wnRix kZKi AbZg gynvwm I nvbvdx dKxn Bgvg Ave~ Rvdi Avng` Beby gynvv` AvZ-Zvnvex (321wn)
Zuvi mycw m M kvni gvAvbxj Avmvi- G ay GKwUgv Kvco mvjvZ Av`vqi eaZv-i Dci `xN AvjvPbv KiQb|
wZwb GKwU c_K Aavq G welq ewYZ mKj nv`xm DjL Ki nv`xmi gg I wb`kbv AvjvPbv KiQb| wZwb DjL
KiQb h, ivm~jjy v n -K GKwUgv Kvco cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq mK ck Kiv nq| wZwb Di ejb:
Zvgvì mKji wK `ywU Kvco AvQ? A_vr, GKwU Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq wbwl nj mKji RbB Zv wbwl ne Ges
m Zvgvì K ne| GRb `ywU Kvco _vK ev bv _vK mKji RbB ay Bhvi ev cvRvgv ci mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv
ea| GQvov wewfb mnxn nv`xm Ave~ ivBiv, Rvwei (iv) cgLy mvnvex _K ewYZ nqQ h, Zuviv Nii Avjbvq Rvgv,
om
Pvì BZvw` Szwjq iL ay GKwUgv Bhvi ev Lvjv jyw ci kixii Eavsk AbveZ iL mvjvZ Av`vq KiQb|
GmKj nv`xm AvjvPbv Ki wZwb ejb, GZ cgvwYZ nq h, AwZwi cvkvK _vK A_ev bv _vK, GKwUgv
Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq ea| eo Pvì ev jyw nj Kuva _K Rwoq cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv Dg| Avi QvU Pvì
.c
ev jyw nj ay Kvgi cuwPq ciZ ne| Gfve cgvwYZ njv h, ay jyw ev cvRvgv cwiavb Ki evwK kixi AbveZ
st
iL mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv Rvqh Ges GB Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv, Bgvg gynvv` I Bgvg Ave~ BDm~di gZ|423
Avjvgv eìxb AvBbx Dcii nv`xmwU DjL Ki ejb: Avgvì KvbvKvbv mx GB nv`xmi evwnK A_
tru
MnY KiQb Ges ejQb h, ay cvRvgv cwiavb Ki kixii Eavsk AbveZ iL mvjvZ Av`vq Kij Zv gvKin
ne| mwVK gZ GB h, hw` cvRvgv viv mZi (bvwf _K nuvUz ch) AveZ nq Zvnj Gfve ay cvRvgv cwiavb Ki
h
mvjvZ Av`vq Kij gvKin ne bv|424
na
1. 5. 2. GKvwaK Kvco mvjvZ

un
Dcii nv`xmwj _K Avgiv eySZ cwi h, GKwUgv jyw , cvRvgv ev GKwUgv j^v Rvgv ci mvjvZ Av`vq
Kiv ea Ges ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg I mvnvexMYi Kg viv cgvwYZ| Ze Gi A_ GB bq h, Gfve
ss
mvjvZ Av`vq Dg| Avgiv BZvc~e `LwQ h, mvjvZi Rb h_vme m`h I mvRMvQ Dg| Avyjv n Beby
gvmEì (iv) K_v _K Avgiv RvbZ ciwQ h, me nj `yw U Kvco ci Ges kixii Davsk I wbvsk AveZ Ki
.a
mvjvZ Av`vq Dg| Abvb nv`xmI GBic ejv nqQ|

Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb:
w
)
w
(
w
Zvgvì KD hLb mvjvZ Av`vq Kie, ZLb hb h Bhvi (jyw) cwiavb Ki Ges Pvì cwiavb Ki| Ab
eYbvq: m hb Zvi Kvco `ywU cwiavb Ki; KviY AvjvniB AwaKvi mePq ewk h, Zuvi Rb mvRMvQ Kiv ne|
eyLvix I Abvb gynvwm msKwjZ nv`xm Ave~ ivBiv (iv) ejb:

[ .. ]

Contents

GKew bexRx ()-K ck Ki ay GKwUgv Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv mK| wZwb ejb: Zvgvì
mKji wK `ywU Kvco AvQ? (KvRB GKwUgv Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq Qvov MZi bB) Gici Dgvii (iv) kvmbvgj
GKew ZuvK GB ck Ki| wZwb Di ejb: Avjvn hLb ckZv `vb KiQb, ZLb ZvgivI ckZv Aej^b Ki|
ewi DwPZ Zvi Kvco GK cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv: Bhvii (jywi) mv_ Pvì, Bhvii mv_ Kvgxm (Rvgv)
ev Bhvii mv_ Kvev (eyK ev wcV Lvjv KvZv) cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv| A_ev cvRvgvi mv_ Pvì, cvRvgvi mv_
Rvgv (Kvgxm) ev cvRvgvi mv_ Kvev (KvZv) cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv| A_ev Zzevb ev nvd cvUi 426 mv_ Kvev
(KvZv) ev Zzevbi (nvd cvUi) mv_ Kvgxm (Rvgv) cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv DwPZ| Ave~ ivBiv (iv) ejb:
Dgvi (iv) meZ Aviv ejb: A_ev nvd cUi mv_ Pvì cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv DwPZ|427
GLvb kixii Eavski Rb wZb cKvii cvkvK: Pvì, Rvgv I KvZv Ges wbvski Rb wZb cKvii
cvkvK: Lvjv jyw, cvRvgv I nvd cvUi K_v DjL Kiv nqQ| me nj mvjvZi ga Kvgxm ev Rvgvi mv_ jyw,
cvRvgv ev nvd-cvU cwiavb KiZ Drmvn c`vb Kiv nqQ|
ivm~jjy v n wbR AwaKvsk mgq GKvwaK Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb| weklZ gmwR` AvMgb Kij wZwb Bhvi I
om
wi`v A_ev Kvgxm, Ryev, Uzwc, cvMwo BZvw` cwiavb KiZb Ges G mKj cvkvK mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb ej Avgiv cieZx
Aavqi nv`xmwj _K RvbZ cvie|
.c
GRb hwÌ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (iv) ay GKwUgv cvRvgv cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kij Amyweav bB ej gZ
cKvk KiQb, ZeyI nvbvdx gvhnvei cieZx BgvgMY ay GKwU cvRvgv ev jyw ci kixii Davsk Lvjv iL mvjvZ
st
Av`vqK gvKin ej gZ cKvk KiQb| Zuviv DjL KiQb h, `ywU Kvco ev AZ GKwU Kvco Kuva _K kixii
wbvsk AveZ Kiv mvjvZi Rb cqvRbxq| tru
5g wnRix kZvxi kZg nvbvdx dKxn Avjvgv Ave~ eKi gynvv` Beby Avng` mvivLmx (490wn) Zuvi Avj-gvem~Z
h
M Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv _K Aviv `ywU gZ DjL KiQb| GKgZ ay jyw ci bvwf _K wbvsk AveZ Ki evKx `n I
na
gv_v AbveZ Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv wZwb gvKin ej MY KiQb| Ab eYbvq wZwb GBic mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv Amf I
AwkwZ gvbylì KvR ej gb KiQb| mvivLmxi GB eYbv Abymvi Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi gZ GKwUgv Kvco mvjvZ
un
Av`vq Kij KvcowUK Kuvai Dci w`q Rwoq Kuva, cU, wcV mn wbvsM AveZ Kiv Dg| Gfve mvjvZ Av`vq Kij Zv
Dg ej MY ne| Avi mevg chvq c_K `ywU Kvco w`q kixi AveZ Kiv| GKwU Bhvi ev jyw viv bvwf _K wbvsk I
ss
AviKwU Pvì viv Kuva _K wbvsk AveZ Kiv mvjvZi Rb Av`k cvkvK ej wZwb gb KiQb| G mK Bgvg
mvivLmx ejb : GKwUgv Kvco cwiavb Ki Zv Kuvai Dci w`q Rwoq Kuva _K nuvUzi wb ch AveZ Ki mvjvZ
.a
Av`vq Kij Kvbv cKvi `ylYxq ev gvKin ne bv|... GKwUgv Bhvi ev jyw cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kij Zv gvKin
ne|... Bgvg nvmvb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv _K eYbv KiQb, wZwb ejQb : GKwUgv Bhvi ev jyw cwiavb Ki (kixi
w
Eavsk I gv_v AbveZ iL) mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv Amf I gyL gvbylì KvR| GKwU eo Kvco Kuva _K cyiv kixi AveZ
w
Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv AmfZv _K `yi| Avi GKwU Bhvi I GKwU Pvì ci mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv mvwbZ gvbylì
AvLjvK|428
w
Avgiv `LwQ h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi GB gZwU gyjZ Dci ewYZ mKj nv`xmi ggv _i Dci wbfikxj|
wnRix 6 kZKi cLvZ nvbvdx dKxn Avjvgv Ave~ eKi Beby gvmE` Kvmvbx (587wn.) Zuvi ev`vqDm mvbvq
M G welq nvbvdx gvhnvei gZvgZ evLv KiQb| wZwb wjLQb h, mvjvZi cvkvKi wZbwU chvq:
1. mvjvZi Rb gyvnve cvkvK| gyvnve cvkvKi welq wZwb nvbvdx gvhnvei `ywU gZ DjL
KiQb| c_g gZ mvjvZi Rb wZbwU Kvco gyvnve| Bhvi ev AbicGKwU Kvco kixii
wbvsk, Pvì ev Abyic Kvco kixii Davsk Ges Uzwc-cvMwo ev Abyic Kvco gv_v AveZ Kiv
mvjvZi Rb gyv nve| wZxq gZ cyili Rb `ywU Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq gyv nve: Bhvi ev Abic
GKwU Kvco kixii wbvsk Ges Pvì ev Abyic Kvco kixii Davsk AveZ Kiv mvjvZi ga
gyvnve|
2. gvKin-gy c~Y Rvqh cvkvK| A_vr h cvkvK mvjvZ Av`vq Kij Kvbvic gvKin ev `vl
Contents

ne bv ev Mvbvn ne bv, Ze gyv nvei mvIqve b ne| ay GKwUgv eo Pvì ev mjvBwenxb
Lvjv jyw Kuvai Dci _K Rwoq Kuvamn cyiv kixi AveZ Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv ev GKwUgv
j^v Rvgv ci Kuvamn kixii Davsk I wbvsk AveZ Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv GB chvqi| A_v r
Gfve mvjvZ Av`vq Kij Zv Rvqh ne Ges Kvbvic Abvq ne bv|
3. gvKin-hy Rvqh| A_vr h cvkvK mvjvZ Av`vq Kij mvjvZ Rvqh ne, Ze gvKin ne| Zv
njv ay GKwUgv cvRvgv ev GKwUgv jyw ci bvwf _K kixii wbvsk AveZ iL evKx `n I
gv_v AbveZ iL mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv|
G cm Avjvgv Kvmvbx ejb: GKwUgv Kvco Kuva _K Rwoq ci mvjvZ Av`vq Kivq Kvbv Amyweav
bB| Abyicfve ay GKwUgv Kvgxm ev Rvgvq mvjvZ Av`vq KivZI Kvbv mgmv bB| G welq g~jbxwZ GB h,
mvjvZi Rb cvkvK wZb cKvi : 1. gymZvnve cvkvK, 2. Rvqh cvkvK I 3. gvKin cvkvK|
dKxn Ave~ Rvdi wnb`vIqvbx AcPwjZ gZvgZi msKjb DjL KiQb h, gyv nve cvkvK wZbwU Kvco
cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv 1. Rvgv, 2. Bhvi (jyw) I Pvì I 3. cvMwo|
Avi Bgvg gynvv` ejQb h, cyili Rb gyv nve Bhvi I Pvì GB `ywU Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv| KviY GB
`ywU cvkvKB mZi AveZ Kiv Ges m`h MnY Kiv c~YZ v jvf Ki|
Rvqh cvkvK: GKwUgv Pvì Kuvai Dci w`q Rvwoq A_ev GKwUgv Rvgv cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv| GZ
om
mZi AveZ Kiv Ges g~j m`h MnY Kiv nq, Ze m`h MnY c~YZ
v cvq bv|...
gvKin cvkvK, ay GKwU Bhvi ev jyw cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv| KviY ivm~jjy v n ejQb: KD GKwUgv
Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq Kij KvcowUi wKQy Ask Kuvai Dci bv iL mvjvZ Av`vq Kie bv| Avi Gfve mvjvZ Av`vq Kij
.c
mZi AveZ Kiv nq eU, wK m`h MnY Kiv nq bv, A_P Avjvn ejQb: n Av`g mvbMY, Zvgiv cZK gmwRì wbKU
st
(mvjvZi Rb) Zvgvì m`h MnY Ki|429
1. 5. 3. mvjvZi ga AcQ`bxq cvkvK tru
eyLvix I gymwjg msKwjZ nv`xm Avqkv (iv) ejb:
h

na

ivm~jjy v n GKwU eywU`vi bKkx Kvco cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kib| mvjvZi ga Kvcoi eywU I bKkvi w`K
un
Zuvi `w co| mvjvZ kl Ki wZwb ejb: Zvgiv Avgvi GB KvcowU wbq Ave~ RvngK c`vb Ki Ges Zvi wbKU _K Zvi
ss
mv`vgvUv gvUv KvcowU wbq Gm; KviY GB KvcowU GLwb mvjvZi ga AvgvK AgbvhvMx Ki djwQj|...430
GB nv`xm _K Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, mvjvZi ga gbvhvM I `qi Abyaveb AZ iZc~Y| cyil ev gwnjv
.a
Kviv Kvbv ea cvkvK hw` mvjvZi gbvhvM web Ki Zvnj Zv cwinvi Kiv DwPZ|
Ab nv`xm Ave~ ivBiv (iv) ejb,
w
ivm~jjy v n mvjvZi ga Kvco Szwjq ivLZ wbla KiQb Ges wbla KiQb h, Kvbv ew Zvi gyL
w
XK ivLe| nv`xmwU nvmvb|431

mv`&j ev Szwjq ivLvi A_, h cvkvK hfve ciZ ne mfve bv ci Kuvai Dci ev gv_vi Dci Szwjq
ivLv| hgb Rvgv nvZv Mwjq bv ci Mvqi Dci Rwoq ivLv, gvdjvi, Pvì ev igvj Mjvq ev `n bv Rvwoq Szwjq ivLv
BZvw`| mvjvZi ga Gfve `ni Dci Kvco Szwjq ivLv wbwl I AcQ`bxq| KviY Zv mvjZi Rb m`h MnYi
Aenjv I Avjmwg cgvY Ki| GQvov mvjvZi ga Szj _vKv Kvco MvQvZ gbvhvM b nq|432
GQvov h Kvbv cvkvK f~jwy Z Ki cwiavb KivKI mv`&j ejv nq| Avgiv BZvc~e `LwQ h, UvLby AveZ
Kvixi mvjvZ Keyj ne bv ej GKvwaK nv`xm DjL Kiv nqQ|
Contents
wZxq Aavq:
cvkvK I AbyKiY
cvkvK-cwiQì welq ckZvi cvkvcvwk gymwjg DvnK cvkvK I Abvb RvMwZK welqI ^vZ eRvq
ivLZ wb`k w`qQb ivm~jyjv n | Aciw`K cvkvKmn Abvb RvMwZK welq ivm~jjy v n -Gi AbyKiY I AbymiY
iZc~Y ej gb KiZb mvnvevq Kivg I c_g cRbwji gymwjgMY|
2. 1. Agymwjg ev cvcxì AbyKiY eRb
mvaviYfve Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, Aviexq mgvRi gvbyl wnmve ivm~jjy v n I Zuvi gnvb mvnvexMY (ivw`qvjv
Avbg) cvbvnvi, cvkvK, Avevmb BZvw` RvMwZK welq ZrKvjxb Avieì ga cPwjZ welqvwì AbymiY KiQb|
GRb G mKj welq gymwjg I Kvwdiì wgj wQj ejB eySv hvq| GRb AbK Bmjvgx cvkvK ej wKQy bB ej
gb Kib| Zuviv ejb h, ivm~jyjv n I Zuvi gnvb mvnvexMY hv ciZb Ave~ Rvnj I Abvb KvwdiI ZvB ciZ|
KvRB Bmjvgx cvkvK ev mybv wZ cvkvK ej wKQy bB|
K_vwU evnZ hwK ej gb njI, ivm~jjy v n Gi eve wkv Ges mvnvexMYi Kgi AvjvK Zv fyj I wevw
om
Ki ej cgvwYZ nq| wewfb nv`xmi wb`kbv _K Avgiv `wL h, RvMwZK welqvw`Z mgvRi cPjbi AbymiYi cvkvcvwk
gymwjgì mv_ Kvwdiì cv_K ivi welq ivm~jjy v n weklfve wb`k c`vb KiQb| wZwb I Zuvi mvnvexMY hgb
.c
cPwjZ cvkvKvw` cwiavb KiQb, Zgwb Kvwdi, gykwiK, B`x ev Lvbì mv_ evwnK mvgvm vcK cvlvK ciZ wbla
st
KiQb| h cvlvK cij Ave~ Rvnji gZ gb nZv m cvlvK ciZ wZwb mvnvexMYK wbla KiQb| wewfb nv`xm
Agymwjg mc`vq ev gykwiK, Kvwdi, Bw`, Lvb, AwM-DcvmK BZvw` mc`vqi AbyKiY KiZ, Zvì mv_ wgj
tru
iL cvkvK cwiavb KiZ ev Avmeve-c eenvi KiZ wbla Kiv nqQ| RvMwZK welqI Zvì mv_ wgj ivLZ Zuviv
wbla KiZb|
h
KziAb wewfb vb gywgbMYK mvaviYfe Agymwjgì gZ bv nZ Ges Agymwjgì c_ AbymiY bv KiZ
na
wb`k Ìqv nqQ|433 nv`xm evievi wbla Kiv nqQ Agymwjg mc`vqi AbyKiY KiZ| GKwU AwZ cwiwPZ I cwm
mnxn nv`xmi K_v Avgiv AbKB Rvwb| Avyjv n Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb, ivm~jyjv n ejQb:
un

ss
hw` KD Kvbv mc`vqi AbyKiY (imitate) Ki, Ze m D mc`vqi Afy ej MY ne|

nv`xmwU mnxn|434
.a
G mKj AvqvZ I nv`xmi evLvq Avgiv AbK gb Kwi h, Kejgv agxq welqB Zvì AbyKiY KiZ wbla
w
Kiv nqQ| welqwU wVK bq| wbtm`n wekvmi ev agxq welq AbyKiY ewk Aciva| Ze mvsw ZK I RvMwZK
AbyKiYI wbwl ev AvcwKi| wewfb nv`xm Avgiv `wL h, agxq, mvsw ZK I RvMwZK mKj welqB ^vZ eRvq ivLvi
w
Rb evievi wb`k w`qQb ivm~jjy vn |

w
cvkvK, PvjPjb, Lvbvwcbv, Avevmb BZvw` welqI Agymwjgì AbymiY-AbyK iY gymwjgi Rb wZKi|
KLbvB AbyKiYKZ ew ev RvwZi cwZ fvjevmv I fw Qvov KD KvDK AbyKiY Ki bv| G mKj QvULvU AbyK iY
AbyK iYKvix gymwjgi `qcU gv^q AbymiYKZ gvbylwji cwZ fvjevmv evovZ _vK| ZvìK AbyKiYxq
Av`k wnmve gb nZ _vK| Zvì Abvb Nw YZ welqwjI gv^q `qi ga mnR I ^vfvweK ej gb nZ
_vK| G Rb Avgiv nv`xm kixd AbK wb`kbv `LZ cvB, hLb ivm~jjy v n QvULvU Ges AwZz` RvMwZK
welqI Agymwjg mc`vqi weivwaZv KiZ wb`k w`qQb| mvnvevq KivgI Abyicfve RvMwZK welqvw`, cvkvK,
Abyvb, Drme BZvw` welq Agymwjg mc`vqi AbyKiYi weivwaZv KiZb|
G welqK KqKwU nv`xm GLvb AvjvPbv Kie| Avgiv mvaviYfve cvkvK cwiQ`mn RvMwZK welq Agymwjgì
_K ^vZ eRvq ivLvi iZ eySvi RbB G mKj nv`xm DjL Kie| cZK nv`xmi wdK&nx w`K wevwiZ AvjvPbvi
Avgvì Dk bq|
ivm~jjy v n Kvbv KvRi wb`k w`j Zv mvaviYZ IqvwRe ev mybv Z gyAvv`vn ej MY nq| Abvb nv`xm
Contents

hw` wZwb Zuvi Avw` KvRK Aviv iZ c`vb Kib ev Av`ki cvkvcvwk Avcw ev wblavv vcb Kib Zvnj Zv
wbwZic IqvwRe ej eySv hvq| Aciw`K hw` Abvb nv`xm _K `Lv hvq h, wZwb mB KvR eRb Kij Avcw
Kib wb ev wbR eRb KiQb Zvnj Zv gyv nve ev gyevn ej MY nZ cvi| GLvb AvjvwPZ nv`xmwjZ cvkvK-
cwiQ` BZvw` RvMwZK welq Agymwjgì AbyKiY KiZ Avcw Kiv nqQ| G _K Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, AbyKiY
AvcwKi| Ze Kvb& welq KZUzKz AvcwKi Zv Abvb nv`xmi AvjvK eySZ ne|
hgb, Kvbv nv`xm Agymwjgì AbyK iY cwiZvMi Rb Pzj-`vwoZ Lhve eenvii wb`k Ìqv nqQ| G
wb`kbv Abvb nv`xmi AvjvK gyv nve chvqi| Kvbv nv`xm Zvì AbyKiY eRbi Rb mj cvq mvjvZ
Av`vqi wb`k Ìqv nqQ| Abvb nv`xmi AvjvK G wb`k gyevn chvqi| Kvbv Kvbv nv`xm Kvwdiì
AbyK iY eRb KiZ `vwo QuvUZ wbla KiQb Ges `vwo eo KiZ wb`k w`qQb| Abvb nv`xmi AvjvK G wb`k
IqvwRe chvqi|
Gfve cZK nv`xmi wb`kbv Abvb nv`xmi AvjvK MnY KiZ ne| G eBq Avgiv G mKj nv`xmi
wdKnx w`K AvjvPbv KiZ cvie bv| Ze mKj nv`xmB RvMwZK welq AbyKiY eRbi iZ wkv `q|
2. 1. 1. cvkvKi iO AbyKiY eRb
mnxn gymwjg msKwjZ nv`xm Avyjvn Beby Avgi (iv) ejb,

om

.c
ivm~jjy v n Avgvi cib `ywU Avmdvi435 (jvj iO) viv iO Kiv cvkvK `LZ cvb| wZwb ejb: Gwj
st
KvwdiMYi cvkvKi Af y | Zzw g Gwj cie bv|436
cvkvKi iO ev KvwUs AwZ mvaviY RvMwZK welq| Bev`Z e`Mxi mv_ Gi Kvbv mK bB| G welqI
tru
cv_K iv Kivi wb`k w`qQb ivm~jjy vn | h cvkvK, h is ev h KvwUs Kvwdiì ga cPwjZ ev ewk cPwjZ,
A_ev hv eenvi Kij c_g `wZB Kvwdiì cvkvKi gZ gb nq Zv cwinvi KiZ ne|
h
2. 1. 2. RyZv Lyjvq AbyKiY eRb
na
Zzii cv``k g~mv (Av)-K RyZv LyjZ wb`k w`q Avjvn ejb:
un

Zzwg Zvgvi cv`yKv Lvj; Zzwg cwe Zzqv cvi iqQ|437
ss
GRb Bw`-Lvbì ixwZ cwe vb RyZv ev mj Lyj Lvwj cvq Mgb Kiv| RyZv cvq cwe vb ev
.a
Bev`Zi vb cek KivK Zviv mB vbi cweZv b Kiv ej MY Kib| G ixwZwU hwÌ gymv (Av) Gi Kg _K MnY
Kiv nqQ, ZeyI ivm~jjy v n G welq Zvì weivwaZv KiZ wb`k w`qQb Ges wewfb nv`xm RyZvq bvcvKx bv _vKj
w
RyZv ci mvjvZ Av`vqi AbygwZ w`qQb| G welq AbK nv`xm iqQ| Ave~ mvC` Lyìx (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n
w
ejQb:
w

hLb Zvgvì KD gmwR` Avme ZLb m `Le, hw` m cv`yKvq (mj) Kvbv gqjv ev bvcvKx `LZ
cvq Zvnj Zv gyQ dje Ges cv`yKv ciB mvjvZ Av`vq Kie| nv`xmwU mnxn|438
Ab nv`xm kvv` Beby AvDm (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb:

][
Zvgiv B`x-bvmvivì weivwaZv Kie; KviY Zviv cv`yKv (mj) cvq Ges RyZv RvZxq Pvgovi gvRv
Contents

cvq w`q mvjvZ Av`vq Ki bv| nv`xmwU mnxn|439
cvVK nqZ ck Kieb, Avgiv Zv RyZv ev mj LyjB mvjvZ Av`vq Kwi! GZ wK Bw`-bvmvivì AbyKiY
nQ? eZ Avgvì RyZv Lvjv I Zvì RyZv Lvjvi ga cv_K iqQ| Avgiv RyZv Lywj cwiQbZvi Rb Avi Zviv
RyZv Lvj cweZvi Rb| cv`yKv cwiQb _vKj gymwjg Zv ci mvjvZ Av`vq KiZ cvib I gmwR` cek KiZ
cvib| wK Bw`-bvmviviv cv`yKv LvjvK Bev`Zi Ask I Bev`ZMvni mvbi agx q `vwqZ ej gb Ki|440
Bmjvgx `wfwZ cv`yKv cvq gmwR` cek Kij gmwRì agxq cweZv (holiness, sanctity,
sacredness) b nq bv, Ze cwiQbZv (cleanliness) b nZ cvi| Avi Bw` Lvbì `wfwZ RyZv-mj
hZB cwe I cwiQb nvK Zv cvq Bev`ZMvn, PvP ev Kvbv agxqfve cwe vb cek Kij mB vbi agxq
cweZv (holiness, sanctity, sacredness) b ne|
Aek AvRKvj Avgvì mgvRi AbK AZv I Bw`-bvmvivì ixwZi cfve Zvì gZ Abyfwy Z cvlY KiZ
cvib ej gb nq| meZ Bw`-Lvbì agxq ixwZi AbyKiYB Avgvì `ki agwbic ev agweivax gvbyliv
knx` wgbvi, wZ BZvw` agxqfve cwe vb RyZvLyj ceki ixwZ cPjb KiQb|
mevevq, GLvb wkYxq h, RyZv-mj cvq Ìqvi gZ mvaviY welqI Bw`-Lvbì weivwaZv Kivi
wb`k w`qQb ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg |
2. 1. 3. Pvì cwiavb AbyKiY eRb
om

] [

.c

st
hw` Zvgvì Kviv `ywU Kvco _vK Zvnj GKwUK Bhvi (mjvBnxb jyw) wnmve cwiavb Kie Ges GKwUK
tru
Pvì wnmve Mvq w`q mvjvZ Av`vq Kie| Avi hw` Zvi ay GKwU Kvco _vK Zvnj ZvK Bhvi ev jyw wnmve
cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kie| Bw`ì gZ kixi cuPve bv| nv`xmwU mnxn| 441
h
GLvbI Avgiv cvkvK cwiavb cwZi gZ LywUbvwU welqI Agymwjg mc`vqi weivwaZvi wb`kbv cvB|
na
mvjvZi cvkvKi AvjvPbvq Avgiv `LwQ h, ivm~jyjv n I mvnvexMY cvqk GKwU eo Bhvi ev Lvjv jyw Kuvai
Dci w`q cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb| Gfve Kvco cwiavb KijI Zv kixi RovZ nq| wK wZwb B`xì
un
gZ RovZ wbla KiQb| hZUzKz Rvbv hvq B`xiv Kvco aywZi gZ Ki kixi RovZb A_ev `y cv Szwjq Pvì
ciZb| ivm~jyjv n Gfve bv Rvwoq jyw ev PvìwU Kuvai Dci iL `y cv `y w`K _K Kuva djZ wkv
ss
w`qQb|
.a
2. 1. 4. `vwo iO Kivq AbyKiY eRb

Ave~ ivBiv (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb :
w

w
w
Bw` bvmviMY (`vwo-Pzj) iO eenvi Ki bv| Zvgiv Zvì weivwaZv Kie (iO eenvi Kie)|442
2. 1. 5. `vwo, Muvd, cvRvgv, jyw I RyZvq AbyKiY eRb
Ave~ Dgvgv (iv) ejb, GKw`b ivm~jjy v n evBi Gm KwZcq Avbmvix mvnvexK `LZ cvb hvì `vwo me
mv`v nq wMqwQj| ZLb wZwb ejb :

Contents

( : )

n AvbmviMY, Zvgiv Pzj-`vwoZ jvj ev njy` iO (Lhve) eenvi Ki Ges Bw`-bvmvivì weivwaZv Ki|
Ave~ Dgvgv ejb: ZLb Avgiv ejjvg, n Avjvni ivm~j, Bw`-bvmvivMY mjvqvi (cvRvgv-cvrjyb) cwiavb Ki Ges
BRvi ev jyw cwiavb Ki bv| ZLb ivm~jjy v n ejb: Zvgiv cvRvgv I jyw DfqB eenvi Ki Ges Zvì weivwaZv
Ki| Avgiv ejjvg: n Avjvni ivm~j, Bw` bvmviMY `vwo QvU Ki ivL Ges Muvd eo Ki| wZwb ejb: Zvgiv Muvd
QvU Ki ivLe Ges `vwo eo Ki ivLe Ges Bw` bvmvivì weivwaZv Kie| (Ab eYbvq: hZUzKz cvie kqZvbi
ezì weivwaZv Kie)| nv`xmwUi mb` nvmvb|443
GLvb Avgiv `LwQ h, Kvbv agxq welq bq, cvkvK-cwiQ` BZvw` RvMwZK welq Agymwjg mc`vqi
weivwaZvi Rb weklfve wb`k w`Qb wZwb| Abyicfve weivwaZvi cwZI wZwb ej w`Qb| Zviv `vwoZ Lhve
eenvi Ki bv| Gi weivwaZv Ki wZwb Lhve eenvii wb`k w`Qb| Zviv ay cvRvgv eenvi Ki| Gi weivwaZv
Ki wZwb ay jyw eenvi KiZ wb`k `b wb| jyw I cvRvgv Dfq eenvi Ki Zvì weivwaZvi wb`k w`qQb|
om
Zviv Muvd eo Ki I `vwo QU ivL| Gi weivwaZvq wZwb DfqK QvUZ ev DfqK eo KiZ ejb wb| wZwb `vwo eo
ivLZ I Muvd QvU Ki ivLZ wb`k w`qQb|
GLvb Aviv jYxq h, ay BQvKZ AbyKiYB AvcwKi bq, AwbQvKZ AbyKiYI eRbxq| h ewi `vwo mv`v
.c
nqQ wZwb BQvc~eK Bw`-bvmvivì AbyKiY Kib wb| wZwb hw` wKQy bv Ki Zuvi `vwoK mv`vB iL `b Zvnj ejv hve
st
bv h, wZwb BQvc~eK ev Kvbv Kgi gvag Zvì AbyKiY KiQb| wZwb g~jZ wKQyB Kib wb| Gic wKQy bv KivUvI Zvi
Rb AvcwKi| Zuvi `vwqZ cKwZMZfve Zvi mv_ Bw`-bvmvivì h wgj Zwi nqQ Zv `~i KiZ mP nIqv|
tru
2. 1. 6. mvvwnK QzwU ev wèm cvjb AbyKiY eRb
h
AwbQvKZ AbyKiYI h DwPZ bq G welq GKwU nv`xm GLvb DjL Kiv hZ cvi| Dy mvjvgv (iv) ejb :
na
:

un
ivm~jjy v n AwaKvsk kwbevi I iweevi ivhv ivLZb Ges wZwb ejZb: G `ywU w`b gykwiKì (Bw`-Lbì)
ss
Cì ev Drmei w`b| GRb Avwg Zvì weivwaZv KiZ fvjevwm| nv`xmwU nvmvb444
Avgiv Rvwb h, kwbevi Bwìv Ges iweevi Lvbiv mvvwnK QywU I Avb` Drme Ki| GKRb gymwjg G w`b
.a
wekl wKQy bv KijB Pj| GZB Zvì AbyKiY _K gy _vKv hve| wK ivm~jjy vn ay AbyKiY _K gy _KB
w
m bb| wZwb AKgK (Inactive) AbyKiY gywi Pq mKgK (Active) weivwaZv fvjevmZb|
w
2. 1. 7. nvZ bo mvjvg c`vb AbyKiY eRb

Rvwei Beby Avyjv n (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb :
w

Zvgiv Bw`-bvmvivì cwZZ mvjvg è bv; KviY Zviv nvZi Zvjy, gv_v I Bkvivi gvag mvjvg `q| nv`xmwUi
mb` mnxn| 445
G A_ Ab nv`xm ewYZ nqQ:
Contents

h ew Avgvì Qvov Ab mc`vqi (Agymwjg mc`vqi) AbyKiY Kie m Avgvì Afy bq| Zvgiv
Bw` I bvmvivì AbyKiY Kie bv| Bwìv mvjvg `q Avyji Bkvivq Ges LvbMY mvjvg `q nvZi Bkvivq|
nv`xmwU nvmvb|446
GLvb jYxq h, mvjvgi mgq nvZ bvovbv, Bkviv BZvw` GKvB RvMwZK welq| ZeyI GmKj welq
Agymwjg mc`vqi weivwaZv KiZ wZwb wb`k w`qQb|
2. 1. 8. emvi cwZZ AbyKiY eRb
kvix` Beby myIqvB` (iv) ejb,

ivm~jjy v n Avgvi wbKU w`q Mgb Kib| Avwg ZLb Gfve Avgvi evg nvZ wcVi wcQb iL (Wvb) nvZi
evywji g~ji Dci njvb w`q em wQjvg| ZLb wZwb ejb: hvì Dci Avjvni va Zzwg Zvì (Bn~w`ì) AbyKiY
emQ? nv`xmwU mnxn|447
Gfve `Lyb! mvgvb emvi fwi gaI Zvì AbyKiYK wZwb AcQ` KiQb|
om
2. 1. 9. evwoNi I AvwObv cwivi Ki AbyKiY eRb
mv` Beby Avex Iqvvm (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb:
.c
.
st
. :
tru
Zvgiv Zvgvì evwoi Avwbv-mew `K cwiQb ivLe, Bw`ì AbyKiY Kie bv, Bwìv Zvì evwoi Avwbv
cwivi Ki bv| Zviv evwoZ AveRbv Rgv Ki ivL| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn448
h
2. 1. 10. beel, Drme I cveb AbyKiY eRb
na

un
) ( )
(
ss
hw` Kvbv ew gykwiKì `k evwoNi evbvq (vqx emevm KiZ _vK), Zvì beel I Drmevw` cvjb
.a
KiZ _vK, Zvì AbyKiY KiZ _vK Ges GfveB Zvì AbyKiYi ga Zvi gZz nq Ze Zvì mv_B wKqvgì
w
w`b ZvK cybiwZ I GKwZ Kiv ne| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|449

w
2. 1. 11. Avmeve-c AbyKiY eRb

w
Beby wmixb ejb, hvBdv Bebyj Bqvgvb (iv) GK evwoZ cek Kib| mLvb wZwb cvim `kxq wKQy Avmeve
`LZ cvb, hwji ga wQj wcZj ev wkkvi KZjx I Abyic wKQy è| Zv `L wZwb mLvb _K ei nq Avmb Ges
ejb: h ew Kvbv mc`vqi AbyKiY Kie m mB mc`vqi Afy ej MY ne|450
2. 1. 12. Pzji QuvU AbyKiY eRb
nvvR Beby nvm&mvb bvgK GKRb Zvweqx ejb, Avwg hLb QvU wQjvg ZLb Avgiv GKevi Avbvm Beby gvwjKi
(iv) evwoZ Mgb Kwi| Avgvi evb ejb, Zzwg ZLb QvU wQj Ges Zvgvi gv_vq `ywU Pzji ewb ev wUwK ev SzwU wQj|
Avbvm (iv) Zvgvi gv_vq nvZ eywjq eiKZi `vqv Kib Ges ejb: G `ywUK gyb Kie A_ev QuU è, KviY
GBfve Pzj ivLv Bw`ì ixwZ| 451
Contents

2. 1. 13. cvkvK-dvkb AbyKiY eRb
Ave~ Dmgvb bvn`x ejb :

Avgiv AvRvievBRvb _vKZ Drevn Beby dviKvì mv_ Avgvì KvQ Dgvi Bebyj Lvvei (iv) wPwV Avmj| wZwb
wjLQb: j Kib! Avcbviv Bhvi (Lvjv jyw) cieb Ges wi`v (Pvì) cieb, mvj RvZxq cv`yKv cieb| Pvgovi
gvRv cwiZvM Kieb, cvRvgv cwiavb Qo wèb| Avcbviv AekB Avcbvì wcZv BmgvCji (Av) cvlvK eenvi
Kieb| Lei`vi! Abvieì (cviwmK AwM-DcvmKì) cvlvK ev dvkb eenvi Kiv I wejvwmZv _K `~i _vKeb|452
Ab eYbvq wZwb Kzdvi Mfbi Ave~ gymv AvkAvixK wPwV wjLb:
...

om
mjvqvi ev cvRvg cwiZvM Kib, Lvjv jyw ev BRvi cwiavb Kib| Avcbviv cvPxb Aviexq cvlvK eenvi
Kib| Lei`vi (cvlvK cwiQ`, I PvjPjbi ) Abvie ev cvimxq AwMDcvmKì ixwZbxwZ MnY Kieb bv|
.c
mePq wbK ixwZ cwZ Abvieì ixwZ cwZ| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|453
Ab eYbvq Dgvi (iv) ejb:
st
tru

Zvgiv wejvwmZv I Agymwjg AwMDcvmKì ixwZ, cvkvK-cwZ ev dvkb cwiZvM Kie| nv`xmwUi mb`
h
454
mnxn|
na
Dgvii (iv) kvmbvgj Bmjvgx ivi mcmviY NU| bZzb wewRZ `ki AMwYZ Agymwjg bvMwiK Zvì
c~ei agmn Bmjvgx ivi AvbyMZi AwKvii gvag ivi bvMwiKZ MnY Kib| G mgq _K Bmjvgx iv AMwYZ
un
Agymwjg bvMwiK emevm KiZ _vKb| Bmjvgx iv ckvmb Zvì bvMwiK AwaKvi I Rxeb, m`, ag I cwiRbi
wbivcv wbwZ Ki| mv_ mv_ cvkvK- cwiQ` I mvgvwRK AvPvi-Abyvb hb Zvì Rxebhvv gymwjg bvMwiKì
ss
Rxeb cfve djZ bv cvi mw`K j ivLv nq| GRb gymjgvbìK Zvì cvkvK I ZvìK gymjgvbì
cvkvK ciZ wbla Kiv nZv| `LjB hb gymwjg I Agymwjgi cv_K eySv hvq mRb wekl ZvwK` Ìqv nZv|
.a
mvnvexMY BRgv ev HKgZi gvag G wmv MnY Kib| cieZx mKj hyMB G cwZ AbymiYi welq ZvwK` Ìqv
nZv|
w
GLvb DjL h, AgymwjgMYI mvaviYZ `vwo ivLZb| GRb Uzwc, cvMwo, cvkvK BZvwì gvag ^vZ eRvq
w
ivLvi wb`k Ìqv nZv| Agymwjg bvMwiKMYi wb`k wQj gymjgvbì cvkvK eRb Ki Ggb cvkvK cwiavb Kiv hvZ
w
ZvìK Pbv hvq| Avi hw` GZ Zviv ivwR bv nZb Zvnj gymjgvbìK wb`k Ìqv nZv, Agymwjgì cvkvKi
wecixZ Ggb cvkvK cwiavb KiZ, hb `LjB gymwjg ej Pbv hvq| G welq wewfb wdKni M wevwiZ weeiY
iqQ| Agymwjgì Rb wbw` ^vZevaK cvkvK Kvbv gymwjg cwiavb Kij ZvK Kzdix ev agZvM ej MY Kiv
nqQ|455
2. 1. 14. AbyKiY eRbi chvq I cKvi
Dcii AvjvPbv _K Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, cvkvK cwiQ` gymwjg Dvni ^vZ AZ iZcY~ | mvnvex,
Zvweqx I gymwjg Dvni mKj dKxn I Bgvg G welq GKgZ h, cvkvK-cwiQ` Agymwjg mc`vqi AbyKiY
AvcwKi| G Avcwi chvq wbavwiZ ne Bmjvgi mvgwMK weavbvejxi AvjvK| AbyKiYxq welqi cKw Z Abymvi
AbyKiY KLbv Kzdiz x, KLbv nvivg Ges KLbv gvKin ej MY ne| GLvb KqKwU welq j ivLv cqvRb|
1. Avgiv `LZ cvwQ h, Avie `ki gymwjg I Agymwjg mKj gvbyl Avie `ki cPjb Abyhvqx cvq GKB
Contents

cKvii cvkvK cvwiavb KiZb| Zviv mjvB-wenxb jyw, Pvì, cvRvgv, Uzwc, cvMwo, gv_vi igvj, Ryev, Avev (MvDb)
BZvw` cvkvK cwiavb KiZb| KvRB g~j cvkvKi ^vZ vcb me wQj bv| Zv mI ivm~jjy v n cvkvK
cwiavbi cwZZ ^vZ eRvq ivLZ gymwjgMYK wb`k w`qQb Ges AgymwjgMYi AbyKiY KiZ wbla KiQb|
h iO, h cwZ ev h cvkvK Zvì ga AwZ cPwjZ ev cwm Zv cwiavb KiZ wbla KiQb|
2. Anvi, AcPq BZvw` wblavvi bvq Agymwjgì AbyK iYi wblavviI `ywU chv q iqQ| nv`xm
kixd m mKj AbyKiY wbavwiZfve wbla Kiv nqQ m AbyKiY me`v I mevevq wbwl| Avi mvaviYfve
AbyKiY hyMi cwieZbi dj cwiewZZ nZ cvi|
Avgiv `Le h, ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvgi hyM gv_vq igvj ev Pvì eenvi B`xì ga
evcKfve cPwjZ wQj| GRb AbK mvnvex-Zvweqx I c_g hyMi dKxn gv_vq kvj ev igvj eenvi AcQ` KiZb I
ZvK Bw`ì AbyKiY ej gb KiZb| cieZx hyM gymwjg mgvR evcKfve gv_vq igvj eenvi cwmw jvf Ki|
G mKj hyMi gymwjg dKxnMY G cvkvK Rvqh ej gZ cKvk Kib| G welq Avjvgv Beby nvRvi AvmKvjvbx (852
wn) ejb, h hyM gv_vq igvj ev Pvì eenvi Kiv Kejgv Bw`ìB ixwZ wQj mB hyM GK AcQ` Kivi myhvM
wQj| GLb Avi mB Aev bB| KvRB gv_vi igvj ev Pvì eenvi mvaviY gyevn welqwji Af y ej MY ne|
Dci hw` mgvR G cvkvK ewZi cKvkK nq Ges G cvkvK cwiavb bv Kij Rbmg nq nZ nq Zvnj Zv
eRb Kiv gvKin ev AbywPZ nZ cvi|456
om
3. Bmjvg mKj hyMi mKj RvwZi mKj gvbyli Rb gbvwbZ ag| Kvbv `ki gvbyl Bmjvg MnY Kij wZwb
^fveZB mB `ki I RvwZi ga cPwjZ Bmjvgx g~jeva I Abykvmbi mv_ mwZc~Y cvkvK cwiavb Kieb| Ze
mB mgvR h cvkvK Kvbv agxq Mvx ev cvcx Mvxi mv_ mswk ev h cvkvK cwiavb Kij ZvK D agxq ev cvcx
.c
Mvxi Afy ej gb nq Zv cwinvi Kieb|
st
2. 1. 15. cvkvK cwiQ` gymwjg Dvni ^vZi aviv
tru
Dcii AvjvPbv _K Avgiv `LZ cvwQ h, nv`xm kixd cvkvK-cwiQ` I Abvb RvMwZK ev mvgvwRK welq
Agymwjgì AbyKiY ev Zvì mv_ wgj eRb KiZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ| mvnvex I ZvweqxMY Gwelq AZ `pZv
h
Aejeb KiQb| cieZx hyMI ^vZi G aviv AenZ _vK| mKj hyMi mKj `ki gymwjgMY Agymwjg AbyKiYK
na
AZ NYvi mv_ cwiZvM KiQb| eZgvb hyMi mvsw ZKfve civwRZ gymwjg gvbwmKZvi Dei c~e ch mKj gymwjg
RvwZi gaB Avgiv ^vZi G aviv `LZ cvB|
un
Avgiv Dci `LwQ h wewfb nv`xm Agymwjgì AbyKiY KiZ wbla Kiv nqQ| Kvbv Kvbv nv`xm
AvRvgx ev Abvie cvkvK cwiQ` eenvi KiZ wbla Kiv nqQ| AvwfavwbKfve AvRvgx A_ Abvei njI
AvRvgx ejZ ZrKvjxb hyM, ivm~jjy v n I mvnvexMYi hyM cviwmK AwMDcvmKìK eySvbv nZv|
ss
Abvie A_ AbmvjvwgK bq ev Bmjvg A_ Aviexq msw Z bq| Bmjvg Kvbv `k ev RvwZi Rb wbavwiZ
.a
bq ev Bmjvg Kvbv wbw` `k ev RvwZi cvavb ^xKvi Kiv nq wb| Ze hnZz ivm~jjy v n Avie AvMgb KiQb
mnZz ^fveZB Avie `ki cPwjZ cvkvK, cwiQ`, cvbvnvi BZvw` wewfb cvKwZK ev RvMwZK welqvw` wZwb eenvi ev
w
Abygv`b KiQb| Avevi Gwji ga hv Bmjvgx g~jevai weivax Zv wZwb cZvLvb KiQb ev wbla KiQb| G
w
mKj welq hv wZwb eenvi KiQb ev Abygv`b KiQb Zv Zuvi eenvi ev Abygv`bi KviY Bmjvgx kixqZ I gywgbi
w
`q wekl vb AwaKvi KiQ|

eZ Bmjvgi AvMgbi ci Bmjvg-c~e Aviexq msw Z, cvkvK-cwiQ`, Kw, fvlvkjx BZvw` mewKQzB
cwiewZZ nq hvq Ges bZzb Bmjvgx ixwZ Rbjvf Ki| GRb Bmjvg-c~e Aviexq msw Z I Bmjvg-cieZx Aviexq
mswZ GK wQj bv|
Aciw`K hLbB Kvbv Abvie RvwZi gvbyl Bmjvg MnY KiQb ZLbB Zuviv Zuvì `kR msw Zi gaB Bmjvgx
g~jevai AvjvK ^Z cvkvK-cwiQ`, Kw, msw Z GgbwK fvlvkjxi Rb w`qQb| G A_ Bmjvgc~e Abvie cvkvK-
cwiQ`, Kw, AvPvi-Abyvb, ixwZbxwZ ev msw Zi e AbyKiY Zviv wbla KiQb| Abyicfve wewfb k I fvlvkjx Zuviv
eRb KiQb| KviY Bmjvg-c~e GmKj Abvie cvkvK, Kw, Abyvb ev msw Z wQj Kzdi, wkiK I AkxjZv Kw`K, hv
Bmjvgx g~jevai mva mvsNwlK ev Amgm|
Gfve mvnvexMYi hyM _K mKj hyMi mKj `ki gymwjg mgvRi ga Avgiv `ywU cej gvbwmKZv `LZ
cvB:
c_gZ, cvkvK-cwiQ`, mvgvwRK AvPvi-Abyvb BZvwì Agymwjg mc`vqi weivwaZv Kiv| GgbwK GmKj
wbRi `ki GKB fvlv I msw Zi Agymwjg mc`vqi mv_I ^vZ eRvq ivLv|
Contents

wZxqZ, wbR^ `kxq fveavivi ga _KB GmKj welq h_vme ivm~jjy v n I mvnvexMYi hyMi ixwZbxwZ
AbyK iY Kivi Pv Kiv|
2. 2. ivm~jyjv n ()-Gi AbyKiY
Dcii AvjvPbv _K Avgiv eySZ cviwQ h, cvkvK- cwiQ`, Avevmb, Avmevec, mvgvwRK AvPvi-Abyvb,
Drmemn mKj welq Agymwjì ixwZ, cwZ, dvkb I AvPvi cwiZvM Kiv I Zvì weivwaZv Kiv Bmjvgi wb`k|
nv`xmi fvlv, ivm~jjy v n -Gi wb`k, Av`k, wbla I cwZevì fvlv I cwZi AvjvK G weivwaZv KLbv dih ev
AvekKxq I KLbv Dg ev fvjv ej MY ne| Ze mevevq gymwjgi DwPZ h_vme mKj cKvi PvjPjb, cvkvK-
cwiQ` I ixwZbxwZZ kqZvbi ezì weivwaZv Kiv|
Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, Bmjvg cvkvKi ckZvi mv_ mv_ ^vZ eRvq ivLZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ|
Bmjvgi ck bxwZgvjvi ga Agymwjg ev cvcx mc`vqi AbyKiY gy h Kvbv cvkvK cwiek, mgvR, `k I
wbRi iwPi mv_ mwZ iL cwiavb KiZ cvib GKRb gymwjg| GLvb ck h, cvkvK evQvBqi Agymwjg ev
cvcxì AbyKiY eRb Kiv hgb cqvRbxq, Abyicfve cyYevb gvbylì I weklZ ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv
mvjvg I mvnvexMYi AbyKiYi cqvRbxqZv ev iZ AvQ wK bv?
2. 2. 1. AbyKiYi mvaviY wb`kbv
om
cvkvK cwiQì ivm~jyjv n -Gi AbyKiYi cqvRbxqZv I iZ Abyavebi Rb c_g `yw U welq
cwYavbhvM :
c_gZ: Dcii AvjvPbvq Avgiv `LwQ h, ivm~jjy v n ejQb: hw` KD Kvbv mc`vqi AbyKiY
.c
(imitate) Ki, Zvnj m D mc`vqi Afy ej MY ne| G nv`xmi AvjvK Agymwjg ev cvcxì AbyKiY
st
eRbi iZ hgb eySv hvq, Zgwb gymwjg I cyYevb gvbylì AbyKiYi iZI eySv hvq| Avgiv `LwQ h, cvkvK-
tru
cwiQ` BZvw` RvMwZK welq Agymwjg ev cvcxì AbyKiY wb`bxq I eRbxq| Zvnj G mKj welq gymwjg I
cyYevbMYi bZv gynvv`yi ivm~jyjv n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg I Zuvi mvnvexMYi AbyKiY wbtm`n cksmbxq I
h
KiYxq|
na
cvkvKx AbyKiYKvix Cgvb I Bmjvgi Abvb AvekKxq welqvw` cvjb KiQb wK bv Zv ^Z ck| wZwb
hw` Cgvb I Bmjvgi Abvb mKj ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvgi AbyKiY Kib Zvnj Zvi AbyKiY
un
c~YZ v I MnYhvMZv jvf Kie| Avi hw` wZwb cvkvK AbyKiY Kib Ges Cgvb, Pwi, mZZvq, `xb cvjb AbyKiY
bv Kib Zvnj Zv evZzj, nvm` I AMnYhvM AbyKiY ej MY ne| Ze Zv cvkvKx AbyKiYi AcqvRbxqZvi
ss
KviY bq, AbyKiYi Ac~YZ vi KviY|

wZxqZ: gnvb Avjvn KziAvb Kvixg ivm~jyjv n -Gi AbyKiYi wb`k w`qQb| AMwYZ nv`xm ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv
.a
AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg Zuvi DZK Zuvi AbyKiY KiZ I Zuvi mybv Z ev Rxeb cwZ, Av`k I ixwZK AbymiY KiZ wb`k
w`qQb| G AbymiY I AbyKiY mvweK| cvkvKK G _K ev` Ìqvi Kvbv KviY bB| wZwb h KvR ev h cvkvKK
w
hZUzKz iZ w`qQb ZZUzKz iZ w`q Zvi AbyKiY Kiv G mKj wb`kbvi Afy ejB eySv hvq|
w
2. 2. 2. cvkvKx I RvMwZK AbyKiYi wekl wb`kbv

w
Dcii mvaviY `yw U welqi cvkvcvwk Avgiv wewfb nv`xm ivm~jjy v n I Zuvi gnvb mvnvexMY _K cvkvK-
cwiQ` BZwv` RvMwZK welq ivm~jyjvn mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvgi ev cyYevb gvbylì AbyKiYi iZ I
cqvRbxqZv RvbZ cviwQ| GLvb G welqK wKQy nv`xm DjL KiwQ| GLvbI Avgì Dk GmKj nv`xm _K
cvkvKx AbyKiYi ev RvMwZK AbyKiYi iZ Abyaveb Kiv| cZK nv`xmi wdKnx wb`kbv AvjvPbv Avgvì
Dk bq|
BZvc~e AbK nv`xm Avgiv cvkvKx AbyKiYi iZ `LZ cqwQ| c~eeZx cwiQ` GKwU nv`xm Avgiv
`LwQ h, Ave~ DevB` Lvwj` (iv) ejQb, Avwg hyeK eqm g`xbvi c_ PjwQjvg, GgZvevq GKRb ejjb: Zvgvi
Kvco DVvI; Kvco DPz Ki cwiavb KivB ne ewk cwe Ges ewk vqx| ZvwKq `wL ivm~jjy vn | ZLb Avwg
ejjvg: n Avjvni ivm~j, GwU Zv GKwU mv`v Kvjv WvivKvUv Pvì gv| (GwU wbPz Ki Mvq w`j Avi wK AnsKvi
ne?) ZLb wZwb ejb: Avgvi ga wK Zvgvi Rb Av`k bB? ZLb Avwg `Ljvg h, Zuvi Bhvi nuvUz I Mvovjxi
gvSvgvwS (wbmdz mvK) ch|
GLvb Avgiv `LwQ h, cvkvK cwiavbi I ivm~jjy v n G mvnvexK Zvi Av`k AbyKiYi Rb Drmvn
c`vb KiQb|
c~ei AvjvPbvq Avgiv Aviv `LwQ h, Dgvi (iv) gymwjg DvnK Agymwjgì AbyKiY eRbi cvkvcvwk
Contents

BmgvCj (Av)-Gi cvkvK cwiQì AbyKiY KiZ Drmvn c`vb KiQb|
Ab GKwU nv`xm Avyjv n Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb,

Dgvi Bebyj Lvve (iv) GKwU bZzb Kvgxm (Rvgv) cwiavb Kib| wZwb ejb, eUv, Avgvi nvZv j^v Ki ai
Avgvi nvZi Avyjwji eivei Pc ai Ges Gi AwZwi hv AvQ KU dj| ZLb Avwg Rvgvi nvZv `ywUi cv _K
wKQyUv Ki KU dwj| GZ Avwb`ywU QvUeo nq hvq| Avwg ejjvg: KuvwP w`q nvZv `ywU mgvb Kib| wZwb ejjb:
GfveB iL `vI| Avwg ivm~jjy v n -K Gfve KiZ `LwQ...| nv`xmwUi mb` `yej |457
Gfve Dgvi (iv) wbRi Rvgvi nvZvI AweKj ivm~jjy v n -Gi Abyic ivLZb| mvgvb ewZg KiZI ivwR
nZb bv|
Abvb mvnvex _KI Avgiv Abyic wb`kbv jvf Kwi| mvnevq Kivgi Rxeb wQj mybv Z Kw`K| Avgiv
mybv Z ejZ ivm~jjy v n -Gi mvgwMK Rxeb-cwZ I KgixwZ eySvwQ| mvnvevq Kivgi hyM G A_B cwm wQj|
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Zuvì mvgb ivm~jjy v n -Gi mybv ZB wQj GKgv Av`k I mdjZvi GKgv c_| ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv
mvjvgi cwZ cg, fvjevmv, fw I Zuvi AbymiY Zuviv wQjb Avcvlnxb I AZzjbxq| Bev`Z e`Mxi bvq cvkvK-
cwiQ`, Lvbvwcbv BZvw` RvMwZK welqI Zuviv ZuvK AbyKiY KiZb|
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Zvweqx hvB` web Avmjvg ejb :
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Avwg Beby Dgvi (iv)-K `Ljvg Rvgvi evZvgwj Lyj mvjvZ Av`vq KiQb| Avwg G welq ZuvK wRvmv
na
Kij wZwb ejb: Avwg bexRx -K Gfve mvjvZ Av`vq KiZ `LwQ| nv`xmwUi mb` gvUvgywU MnYhvM|458
cvkvKi evZvg jvMvbv ev Lyj ivLv GKvB RvMwZK welq Ges cvkvK- cwiQ` eenvii GKwU z` w`K|
un
m welqI mvnvexMY ivm~jjy v n -Gi e AbyKiY KiZ cQ` KiZb|

Zvweqx DiIqv Beby Avyjv n Zvweqx gyqvweqv Beby Kziiv _K eYbv KiQb h, Zuvi Avev mvnvex Kziiv Beby
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Avwg gyhvBbvn Mvi GKwU cwZwbwa`ji mv_ ivm~jjy v n -Gi wbKU AvMgb Kijvg Ges Zuvi KvQ evBqvZ
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MnY Kijvg| Gmgq Zuvi Kvgxmi (Rvgvi ev wcinvbi) evZvgwj Lvjv wQj| Avwg c_g evBqvZ MnY Kijvg Ges
Gici Rvgvi Mjvi wfZi w`q nvZ XywKq (Zuvi wcV) gvni beyqZ k Kijvg| DiIqv ejb: Avwg kxZ nvK ev
Mx nvK KLbB Kziiv (iv) ev Zuvi cy gyqvweqvK Rvgvi evZvgwj jvMvb Aevq `wLwb| me`vB Zuviv Zuvì Rvgvi
evZvgwj Lyj ivLZb| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|459
myenvbvjvn! AwZ mvaviY RvMwZK welq ! ivm~jjy vn Kvbv KviY ev BQKi evZvg Lyj iLwQjb bv ARv
evZg Lvjv wQj wK-bv ZvI eySv hvq bv| wK fvjevmv I fw mvnvexMYK wKfve mevZK AbyKiY Dy KiZ Zv Avgiv G
me NUbvq `LZ cvwQ| wZwb evZvg jvMvb eRb KiwQjb| Kb KiwQjb Zv mvnvexi ck bq| Zv eRb Kiv Rvqh bv
gymZvnve ZvI weeP bq| Kvbv hyw w`q Zv evLv Kivi Pv bq| ay Zuvi AbymiY I AbyKiY Kivi AvMn|
mvjvZi cvkvK welqK AvjvPbvq Avgiv `LwQ h, Rvwei (iv) me`v ev AwaKvsk mgq GKwU eo Pvì ev
Lvjv jyw Kuvai Dci w`q cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb| Zuvi Pvì, Rvgv BZvw` nvZi bvMvji ga _vKjI
Contents

wZwb Gfve mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb| KviY wZwb ivm~jjy v n -K Gfve mvjvZ Av`vq KiZ `LwQjb|
Rvwei (iv) hnZz ivm~jjy vn -K Gfve cvkvK cwiavb KiZ `LQb mnZz Kvbvic hyw wePvi QvovB
e Zuvi AbyKiY KiQb| cvkvKi ivm~jjy v n -Gi e AbyKiYi BQv Ges Abvb gvbylìK Zv wkv
ÌqvB wQj Gi Dk|
Zvweqx BKwigvn ejb :

Beby Avevm (iv) Bhvi ev mjvB-wenxb jyw Ggbfve cwiavb KiZb h, Zvi mvgbi w`K _K Bhvii cv
bvwgq w`Zb, hvZ Bhvii (Lvjv jywi) cv cvqi Dci co hZ Avi wcQb _K Zv DwVq DPz Ki ciZb| Avwg
ejjvg, Avcwb Kb Gfve jyw cwiavb Kib? wZwb ejjb: Avwg ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvgK Gfve jyw
cwiavb KiZ `LwQ| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|460
mvjvgv Bebyj AvKIqv (iv) ejb:
.
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Dmgvb Beby Avddvb (iv) Mvovjx I nuvUzi gvSvgvwS (wbmdy mvK) ch Szwjq Bhvi (mjvBnxb jyw) cwiavb
KiZb Ges ejZb: ivm~jjy vn Gfve Bhvi cwiavb KiZb| nv`xmwUi mb` `yej Zv AvQ|461
Zvnj `Lyb, cvkvK cwiavbi welq ivm~jjy v n -Gi e AbyKiYi mvnvexMYi AvMn! Aviei mKj
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gvbylB Lvjv jyw cwiavb KiZb| Gi gaI ivm~jyjv n -Gi cwiavb cwZi h ewkUzKz wZwb `LZ cqwQjb
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e Zvi AbyKiY KiQb| ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg KLbv ejb wb h, Gfve jyw cwiavb Kij Kvbv
mvIqve ne ev Gi Kvbv cqvRbxqZv AvQ| wK fw I fvjevmv Zv GmKj Kvbv hyw I wePvi eySZ Pvq bv|
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DevB`yjv n Beby RyivBR Avyjv n Beby Dgvi (iv)-K ejb,

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Avwg AvcbvK 4wU KvR KiZ `LwQ hv Avcbvi Abvb mx KiQb ej Avwg `wLwb| wZwb ejb: mwj Kx?
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Avwg ejjvg: (1) Avwg `wL Avcwb ZvIqvdi mgq ay KvevNii `wYw`Ki `y KvY nvRvi AvmIqv` I iKb Bqvgvbx
k Kib, Ab Kvbv vb k Kib bv, (2) Avcwb ckgnxb Pvgovi mj cib, (3) Avcwb njy` Lhve ev iO eenvi
Kib Ges (4) Avcwb hLb gvq _vKb gvi gvbyliv wRjnvR gvmi Puv` `LjB nRi Gnivg Ki, A_P Avcwb 8
ZvwiLi AvM Gnivg Kib bv| Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb: KvevNii ZvIqvdi mgq Avwg ivm~jyjv n -K `wY w`Ki `y iKb
(KvY) Qvov Ab Kvbv vb k KiZ `wLwb GRb AvwgI ay G `y KvYB k Kwi| Avwg ivm~jjy v n -K ckgnxb
Pvgovi cv`yKv (mj) ciZ Ges Gic cv`yKv cvq Ihy KiZ `LwQ, GRb AvwgI G aibi cv`yKv cwiavb KiZ cQ`
Kwi| Avwg ivm~jj~ v n -K njy` iO eenvi KiZ `LwQ, GRb AvwgI Zv eenvi KiZ fvjevwm| nRi Gnivgi welq
nQ h, Avwg ivm~jyjv n -K `LwQ, wZwb 8 B wRjn DUi wcV AvivnY Ki wgbv AwfgyL hvv ii AvM nRi
Gnivg Kibwb, GRb AvwgI Gi AvM Gnivg Kwi bv|462
GLvb j Kib, Bev`Z cvjb I cvkvK-cvwiQ` mKj w`KB wZwb Kg I eRb ivm~jjy v n -Gi AbyKiY
Contents

KiQb| mji welqwU j Kib| mvaviYfve m hyMi gvbyliv ckgmn Pvgovi mj cwiavb KiZb| GZ
Kvbv `vl ev Avcw bB| wK ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvgi e AbyKiYi AvMn mvnvexK Gfve
ckgwenxb Pvgovi mj cwiavb ciYv w`qQ|
eyLvix-gymwjg msKwjZ nv`xm Avbvm web gvwjK (iv) ejb:

...

.

:

Ki LvIqvi Rb `vIqvZ `q| AvwgI ivm~jjy v n -Gi mv_
GKw`b GKRb `wR ivm~jjy v n () -K Lvbv cZ
Mjvg| `vIqvZKvix ivm~jjy v n -Gi mvgb iwU Ges jvD I Kvbv bvbv MvkZ w`q ivbv Kiv Svj ZiKvwi ck Ki|
Avwg ivm~jyjv n -K `Ljvg Lvvi wfZi _K jvDqi UzKivwj eQ eQ wbQb| Avbvm ejb: Hw`b _K Avwg
wbR me`v jvD cQ` KiZ _vwK|463
GLvb jYxq h, cvbvnvii iwP mvaviYZ GKvB ewMZ nq| GKRb AciRbK fvjevmjI cvbvnvii iwPZ
wfbZv _K hvq| Abi iwP Abymvi cvbvnvi KijI gbi AwfiwP wbRiB _vK| Avbvm Beby gvwjK (iv) Gi K_vq Avgiv
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`LZ cvwQ h, ivm~jjy v n -Gi cwZ Zuvi fvjevmv I fwi cPZv GZB ewk wQj h, Zuvi ewMZ Avnvii iwPI
cwiewZZ nq wMqwQj| wZwb GK_v ejQb bv h, mBw`b _K wZwb ewk Ki jvD LZb, eis wZwb ejQb h, mB w`b
_K wZwb jvD LvIqvK ewk cQ` KiZ I fvjevmZ i Kijb|
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Avyjv n Beby Dgvi (iv) _K ewYZ nqQ:
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wekvg (KvBjyjv) KiZb| wZwb ejZb : ivm~jjy v n Gic KiZb| nv`xmwU mnxn|464
Zvweqx gyRvwn` ejb:
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Avgiv GK mdi Beby Dgvii (iv) mx wQjvg| wZwb GK vb c_ _K GKUz mi Nyi Mjb| ZvK ck Kiv
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njv, Avcwb Ggb Kijb Kb? wZwb ejjb, Avwg ivm~jjy vn -K Gic KiZ `LwQ ZvB Avwg Gic Kijvg|
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nv`xmwU mnxn|465
myenvbvjvn! `Lyb AbyKiYi bgybv! wbZv RvMwZK KvR, c_ PjZ nqZv Kvbv KviY ivm~jjy v n GKUz Nyi
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wMqwQjb| Kvbvic Bev`Z ev mdii AvnKvg wnmve bq, Kvbv mvIqvei KviY wnmveI bq| GKvB ewMZ
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RvMwZK welq| Zv mI cwgK fi AbyKiYi HKvwK Zv `Lyb|

Ab NUbvq Zvweqx Avbvm Beby wmixb ejb :

Contents

Avwg GKevi nRi mgq Avyjv n Beby Dgvii (iv) mv_ wQjvg| `ycy i wZwb AvgvìK wbq AvivdvZi
gq`vb Mgb Kib Ges Bgvgi mv_ hvni I Avmii mvjvZ Av`vq Kib| Gici wZwb Bgvgi mv_ AvivdvZ Aevb
Kib| Avwg I Avgvi wKQy mxI mv_ wQjvg| mvq Bgvg AvivdvZi gq`vb ZvM Ki gyh`vwjdvi w`K iIqvbv w`j
wZwbI AvgvìK wbq iIqvbv w`jb| Avgiv hLb gyh`vwjdvi `y cvnvoi gaeZx msKxY vb cuQvjvg ZLb wZwb DU
_vwgq AeZiY Kijb| ZuvK `L AvgivI Avgvì DU _vwgq bg cojvg| Avgiv fvejvg wZwb GLvb (gvMwie I
Bkvi) mvjvZ Av`vq Kieb| ZLb Zuvi DUi PvjK Lv`g AvgvìK ejj : wZwb GLvb mvjvZ Av`vq Kieb bv| wK
wZwb ejQb h, ivm~jjy v n hLb G vb cuQvb, ZLb cvKwZK nvRZ c~iY Kib, ZvB wZwbI GLvb nvRZ mviZ ev
Bwv KiZ cQ` Kib| nv`xmwU mnxn|466
hviv RvMwZK ev cvkvK cwiQì welq ivm~jjy v n -Gi AbyKiY AcqvRbxq gb Kib Zuvì DwPZ
mvnvexMYi G gvbwmKZv GKUz wPv Kiv| KZ z` welq Zuviv ivm~jjy v n -Gi e AbyKiY KiZ AvMnx wQjb! Kg
cqvRb, ewk cqvRb, KZUzKz mvIqve, RvMwZK bv agxq BZvw` Kvbv ckB Zuvì gb Avmwb|
G aibi z`v wZz` RvMwZK welq ivm~jjy v n AbyKiYi welq mvnvexì Rxebi NUbvejx wjLZ Mj eo eB
nq hve| Avjvgv Avyj Avhxg gybwhix (656 wn) G cm wjLQb: mvnvexì _K mybv Zi Gic AbymiYi NUbvq ewYZ
nv`xmi msLv LyeB ewk|467
2. 2. 3. cvkvKx AbyKiYi wevw
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2. 2. 3. 1. Beby mxixb I m~dxi cvkvK
AbyKiYi welqwU fvjfve Abyaveb Kivi Rb ZvweqxMYi hyMi GKwU NUbv DjL Kiv hvq| ivm~jjy v n Gi
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hyM I cieZx hyMwjZ m~d ev ckgi Zwi cvkvK Lye mvaviY I wbgvbi ej MY wQj| mywZ wQj gvSvwi I mvaviY
Kvco| KvZvb mevg Kvco ej MY nZv| ivm~jjy v n wbR mvaviYZ mywZ Kvcoi Zwi cvkvK cwiavb KiZb|
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GQvov myhvM I cqvRb gZ ckwg ev KvZvb Kvcoi cvkvKI cwiavb KiZb| mvnvexMYI Abyicfve hLb myhvM I
myweavgZ mywZ, ckwg ev KvZvb Kvcoi cvkvK cwiabv KiZb|
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me`v ckwg cvkvK cwiavb KiZb| ckwg cvkvK eenvi gv^q ìekMYi cZxK I cwiwPwZic MY nq hvq|
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ìekì ckwg cvkvK eenvi Ggb evcK nq hvq h, mB mgq _K msmviZvMx ìekMYK m~dx ev ckwg cvkvK
eenviKvix ej AwfwnZ Kiv nZv Ges ìewkK ZvmvIDd ev ckwg cvkvK eenvi ejv nZv| GfveB hvwn` ev
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mvwjn A_ m~dx I hyn`& , mvjvn ev ZvhwKqv A_ ZvmvIDd ki De NU|

ivm~jjy v n I mvnvexMY ckwg ev m~dx cvkvK cwiavb KiZb ej AbK nv`xm ewYZ nqQ| m mKj
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nv`xmi cvkvcvwk m hyMi ìekMY c~eeZx Bw` I Lvb agi bex I ìekMYi Kvwnbx Zvì Kgi cgvY wnmve
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welqK AbK Kvwnbx wQj Zuvì ga AwZ cwiwPZ I cPwjZ| cieZx KqK kZvw ch jLv ZvmvDdi eBqi
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AbZg welq Cmv (Av)-Gi wewfb msmviZvM welqK K_v I Kg| vZzj Bmjvg Bgvg Mvhvjxi (g 505wn) jLv eBwj
cojB cvVK welqwU wKQyUv Abyaveb KiZ cvieb| Cmv (Av) me`v m~dx ev ckwg cvkvK eenvi KiZb ej cwm
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wQj| GmKj ìekMY Zuvi G KgK Zuvì Kgi ciYv wnmve DjL KiZb|
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cLvZ Zvwe-Zvweqx gynvwm, dKxn I Avwe` Avyjv n Bebyj gyevivK (g 181 wn) I Abvb gynvwm DjL
KiQb :

]
[

mvj&Z Beby ivwk` bvgK GKRb Zvwe-Zvweqx ìek ckgx Ryev, ckgx Bhvi I ckgx cvMwo cwiavb Ki cLvZ
Contents

Zvweqx Avjvgv gynvv` Beby wmixbi (g 110 wn) wbKU cek Kib| Beby wmixb Zuvi cvkvK `L wei nb| wZwb weiwi
mv_ Zvi w`K `wcvZ Kib Ges ejb: wKQy gvbyl (me`v) ckwg cvkvK cwiavb Kib| Zuviv ejb h, Cmv (Av) ckwg
cvkvK cwiavb KiZb| A_P hvì eYbv Avwg m`nvZxZfve MnY Kwi m me gvbyliv (mvnvexMY) AvgvK ejQb h,
ivm~jjy v n KvZvb, ckwg I mywZ Kvco cwiavb KiQb| Avi Avgvì bexi mybv Z AbyKiY KivB Avgvì Rb ewk
cqvRbxq I ewk DwPZ| eYYvwUi mb` mnxn|468
cvVK, GLvb j Kib! Bgvg Beby wmixb ìekMYi m~dx ev ckwg cvkvK cwiavbi welq Avcw Ki
ejQb h, Cmv bexi mybv Zi Pq Avgvì bexi mybv Z AbymiY Kiv DwPZ| Avevi wZwb wbRB ^xKvi KiQb h,
ivm~jjy v n ckwg cvkvK cwiavb KiZb| Zvnj Zv `Lv hvQ h, GmKj ìek ivm~jjy v n -Gi mybvZB AbymiY
KiQb| Zvnj Zuvi AvcwUv wK?
mvwbZ cvVK, GLvb Avgvì mybv Z beex-i A_ Ges mvnvex-ZvweqxMY mybvZi AbyKiY I AbymiY ejZ wK
eySZb Zv RvbZ ne| Zvnj Avgiv Bgvg Beby wmixbi Avcw eySZ cvie Ges wZwb Avgvì bexi mybv Z ejZ wK
eySvQb Zv RvbZ cvie|
mybvZ beexi evLv I cwiwPwZ Avwg Avgvi GnBqvDm mybvb M wevwiZfve AvjvPbv KiwQ| Avgiv
`LwQ h, ivm~jjy v n Gi mvgvwMK Kg I eRbi mgwB Zuvi mybv Z| wZwb h KvR hZUzKz I h iZ w`q KiQb
Ges hZUzKz I h iZ w`q eRb KiQb mB KvR ZZUzKBz Kiv I eRb KivB mybv Z| Kg, eRb ev iZ Zuvi
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KvRi wecixZ Kivi A_ Zuvi mybvZ eRb Kiv I mybv Zi weivwaZv Kiv| Beby wmixb G K_vB ejQb|
Zuvi K_vi A_, wKQy gvbyl me`v ckgx cvkvK cwiavb Kib| Zuviv gb Kib h, myhvM _vKv mI mywZ
cvkvK cwiavb eRb Ki ckwg cwiavb Dg| GRb Zuviv ^Qvq mywZ cwiavb _K weiZ _vKb Ges G eRbK
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ZvKIqv, ìewk ev eyRwy Mi c_ ej gb Kib| A_P Avgvì bexi mybv Z wQj myweav I myhvMgZ mywZ ev ckwg cvkvK
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eRb Kiv Ges Zuvi mybvZK ìewki Rb h_ ej gb bv Kiv| tru
GRbB Beby wmixb ejQb h, Avgvì bexi mybv Z AbymiY Kiv Dg I DwPZ| Avi Zuvi mybv Z me`v ckwg
cvkvK bv civ|
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myhvM _vKv mI Ab cvkvK eenvi eRb Kwi Ze Avgiv mybv Zi bvg g~jZ mybv Zi weivwaZv I mybv Z eRb wj nq
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cvkvKx AbyKiY ev mybZ x cvkvK eenvii G RvZxq wKQy wevw Avgvì ga weivRgvb| eZ
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2. 2. 3. 2. Bev`vZ ebvg gyAvgvjvZ

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cvkvKx AbyKiY ev mybv Zx cvkvK eenvii c_g wevw Bev`Z I gyAvgvjvZi cv_K Dv Ki `Lv|
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-Gi AbyKiY Kivi Pq cvkvK-cwiQ`, Lvbvwcbv BZvw` welq Zuvi AbyKiYK ewk iZ c`vb Kiv|
G jYxq h, gvbyli Rxebi Kg `y cKvi:
c_g cKvii Kg hv RvMwZK cqvRb mKj gvbylB Kib| avwgK, AavwgK, AvwK, bvwK, gymwjg, Agymwjg
wbwekl mKjKB Zv KiZ nq| mKj agi I wekvmi gvbylB Gwj Kib| mvaviYZ agi cv_Ki KviY G mKj
Kgi ga cv_K Kg nq| eis fMwjK I cwiekMZ cv_Ki KviY GmKj Kgi ga cv_K `Lv `q| GK hyMi
GKB fMwjK cwieki wewfb agi gvbyl mvaviYZ GKBic G mKj KvR Kib| agxq wewawblai KviY wKQz LywUbvwU
cv_K `Lv hvq| GmKj KgK gyAvgvjvZ ev RvMwZK Kg ejv nq|
cvbvnvi, cvkvK, evwoNi, Pvlvev`, wPwKrmv BZvw` G RvZxq Kg| cvbvnvi mKj agi gvbylB Kib| agnxb gvbylI
Kib| evsjv`ki gymwjg I Agymwjg wbwekl mKjB fvZ, gvQ, Wvj BZvw` wekl cwZZ ivbv Ki Lvb| Avevi Aviei
gymwjg Agymwjg wbwekl mKjB Ab cwZZ Lv` Zwi I MnY Kib| Ze agxq wewaweavbi AvjvK wKQz cv_K _vK|
cvkvK, Pvlvev` BZvwìI GKB Aev|
Contents

GmKj Kg GKRb gvbyl GKv RvMwZK cqvRb Kvbvic mvIqve ev Avjvni mwi Dk QvovB KiZ
cvi| m Zv GKv RvMwZK Kg ej weewPZ ne| Avevi gywgb Gwj cvjbi Avjvni mwi wbqZ
Kij Ges GZ`mswk Bmjvgx wb`kvewj ev wkvPvi cvjb Kij ZvZ mvIqve ne Ges G welqK Bmjvgx ixwZbxwZ
cvjb Bev`Z ej MY ne|
wZxq cKvii Kg hv gvbyl ay cvijwKK ev agxq Dk Ki| GwjK Bev`Z ej| G mKj Kg ay
avwgK gvbylivB Kib, Awekvmx gvbyliv G mKj Kg Kib bv| GQvov GmKj Kg agxq wb`kbv wbfi| hyM,
cwiek ev `ki KviY Gwji ga cwieZb nq bv| eis agi KviY GZ cv_K `Lv `q| `k, hyM I cwiek
wbwekl mKj gymwjg GKB cwZZ mvjvZ, wmqvg, Rvbvhv, whwKi BZvw` Bev`Z cvjb Kib| Abvb agiI GKB
Aev| G mKj Kg GKRb gvbyl GKgv mvIqve ev Avjvni bKUi RbB Kib| RvMwZK cqvRb Zv Kib bv|
Kij Zv cvc cwiYZ nq|
Dcii `xN AvjvPbvi Dk `ywU welq Abyaveb Kiv:
c_g welqwU G Aavqi c_g AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ| mehyMi mKj gvbyli ag wnmve Bmjvg Bev`Z RvZxq
Kg ivm~jjy v n -Gi e AbyKiYi Dci mevwaK iZ c`vb Kiv nqQ| gyAvgvjvZ I RvMwZK welq hyM, `k I
cwieki KviY ecixZ ev cv_Ki AeKvk ivLv nqQ| G _K Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, mKj hyMi, mKj `ki I
mKj mgvRi gymwjg Cgvb, Bev`Z, nvivg I Kexiv Mvbvn eRb, AgvwqK eenvi, wnsmv I AnsKvi eRb, BZvw` mKj
Bev`Zi e ivm~jjy vn -Gi AbyKiY Kieb| G AbyKiYB Zuvì bvRvZi AbZg gvag| cvkvK-cwiQ`,
om
Lvbvwcbv, evwo-Ni, Pvlvev` BZvw` welq AbyKiY me`v me bvI nZ cvi| welqwUK Dv Ki bIqvi cebZv LyeB
AvcwKi|
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wZxqZ, Avgiv Dcii AvjvPbv _K eySZ cviwQ h, gyAvgvjvZi AbyKiYi wePzwZ gvn njI
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Bev`Zi AbyKiYnxbZv ev AbyKiYi wePzwZ gvn bq| G welqwU AvgvìK wZxq wevw eySZ mvnvh
Kie| tru
2. 2. 3. 3. e AbyKiY ebvg AvswkK AbyKiY
cvkvKi e AbyKiY KivK iZ Ìqv A_P Bev`Z e`Mxi e AbyKiYK iZnxb ej
h
gb Kiv|
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Avgvì `k AbK avwgK gvbyl cvkvKi ivm~jjy vn -Gi e AbyKiY Kib AZ iZi mv_| wK
Bev`Z e`Mxi Gfve e AbyKiY Kiv cqvRbxq gb Kib bv| Zuviv Zuvì Uzwc, cvMwo, Rvgv, cvRvgv BZvw`
un
AweKj ivm~jjy vn -Gi gZ evbvb| wK mvjvZ, wmqvg, whwKi, ì`, mvjvg, `vqv, gybvRvZ, ZixKZ, `vIqvZ, wRnv`
BZvw` Bev`Zi Zuviv AvswkKfve ivm~jjy v n -Gi AbyKiY Kib Ges wKQz bZzb cwZ mshvRb Kib| G mKj
ss
welq AbK KvR Zviv Kib hv ivm~jjy vn Kib wb ej Zuviv eySZ cvib ev ^xKvi Kib| Zuviv ejb: wZwb Kib wb,
.a
wK KiZ wbla Zv Kib wb, AbK wKQzB Zv wZwb Kib wb wK Avgiv Kwi.., A_ev ejb, KziY mvjvmv ev Bmjvgi
c_g wZb hyM bv _vKjB Zv wbwl ev AcQ`bxq nq bv| wK cvkvK cwiQì Zuviv GK_v ejb bv|
w
Dcii AvjvPbv _K G gvbwmKZvi wevw Avgiv eySZ cviwQ| Avgiv `LwQ h, cvkvK-cwiQ`, cvbvnvi
w
BZvw` RvMwZK welq AbK mgq gywgb RvMwZK cqvRb Kib| mvIqvei Kvbv Dk AbK mgq mLvb _vK bv|
Avi Bev`Z RvZxq Kgi KgKvixi GKgv Dk Avjvni bKU ev mvIqve ARb Kiv|
w
Avgiv Aviv Rvwb h, gywgbi Rxebi P~ov I cwic~Y Av`k gynvv`yi ivm~jyjv n | Zuvi AbymiY-AbyKiY KivB
Bmjvg| Zuvi AbymiY-AbyKiYi evBi Kvbvfve Avjvni mw, mvIqve, RvbvZ ev bvRvZ cvIqvi Kvbvic mvebv bB|
gywgb mKj welqB Zuvi AbymiY I AbyKiYi Pv Kib| G AbyKiYi GKgv Dk mvIqve ev Avjvni mw| Bev`Zi
GKgv Dk hnZz Avjvni mw I mvIqve mnZz G AbyKiYi evBi hvIqvi myhvM bB| gyAvgvjvZi I
hZUzK y mvIqve Zv ay Zuvi AbyKiYi ga| AbyKiYi evBi Kvbv mvIqve bB| Ze gyAvgvjvZ hnZz mvIqvei Dk
QvovI Kiv nq, mnZz hv wZwb Kib wb Ges KiZ wblaI Kib wb Zv gywgb gyAvgvjvZi RvMwZK cqvRb KiZ
cvib, wK mvIqvei Dk KiZ Zv cvib bv| Zuvi mybv Zi evBi Kvbv mvIqve AvQ G K_v wPv Kivi A_ Zuvi
mybv ZK Ac~Y gb Kiv|
gyw gb Zuvi AbyKiYi evBi h KvR Kib Zv c_gZ `y cKvi nZ cvi| c_g cKvi Kg hv ivm~jyjv n Kib
wb Ges KiZ wbla ev wbirmvwnZ KiQb| Gwj gyw gb Kvbv AevZB Kib bv ev KiZ Pvb bv| KijI AbyZvc
Abyfe Kib| wZxq cKvi Kg hv ivm~jyjv n Kib wb Ges KiZ wbla ev wbirmvwnZ Kib wb| G aib Kg gywgb `y
chvq KiZ cvib:
1. gywgb ivm~jyjvn -Gi AbyKiYi evBi Kvbv Kg RvMwZK cqvRb Kib| G Kg viv wZwb Kvbv
mvIqve ev Avjvni bKU Avkv Kib bv| hgb cvbvnvi, emevm, cvkvK cwiQ` BZvw`| GKRb evOvjx fvZ, gvQ
Contents

BZvw` Avnvi Kib| wZwb KLbvB gb Kib bv h, ivm~jjy v n -Gi AweKj AbymiY Ki LRyi, hei iwU BZvw`
LvIqvi Pq fvZ, gvQ BZvw` LvIqv Avjvni wbKU ewk mvIqvei ev Dg| eis wZwb me nj ivm~jyjv n -Gi e
AbyK iY Ki LRyi, hei iwU BZvw` LZ fvjevmb| wK Afvm I cwiekMZ KviY ev eva nq GKv RvMwZK
Kg wnmve wZwb mvaviYZ fvZ, gvQ BZvw` Avnvi Kib| G cKvii wLjvd mybv Z ev AbyKiYi wePzwZ mvaviYfve
Aciva ej MY ne bv|
2. gywgb ivm~jjy vn -Gi AbyKiYi evBi Kvbv Kg Avjvni bKU, mw ev mvIqve ARbi Rb Kib|
wZwb gb Kib h, ivm~jjy v n KvRwU Gfve bv KijI, wZwb Zv KiZ wbla Kib wb, eis Abvb `wjj viv
KvRwUi iZ cgvwYZ nq| KvRB AweKj Zuvi AbyKiY cvwjZ Kgi Pq G Kg mvIqve ewk, A_ev AbyKiYi
evBi G KgwU bv Kij `xb`vix GKUy Kg _K hvq|
hgb, mvjvZi ga cwZ ivKAvZ 2 wU iKz ev 3/4 wU mvR`v Kiv, Pz e Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv, Kvdbi
Kvco ci mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv, me`v ni Bnivgi Abyic Kvco ci mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv, cuvP Iqv dih mvjvZi ci
wbqwgZfve Kivbv mvR`v Kiv, cuvP Iqv mvjvZi cii whK&i, `yAv ev Zvmexn-Zvnjxj mgeZfve cvjb Kiv,
mvjvZi ZvKexi Zvnixgvi AvM I mvjvgi ciB ì` cvVi ixwZ Zwi Kiv, AvDh~ wejvn, wemwgjvn ev ì` kixd
cvV Ki Avhvb i Kiv, wbqwgZ RvgvZ Zvnvyì mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv, ewk mvIqvei Dk wmqvgi BdZvi `wi
Ki Kiv, `jea ùvwoq, bvPvbvwP Ki ev myiKi whwKi Kiv ev ì`-mvjvg cvV Kiv| Gfve Cgvb, mvjvZ, wmqvg,
om
hvKvZ, n, whwKi, wZjvIqvZ, ì`, mvjvg, `vIqvZ ev Ab Kvbv Bev`Z mvIqve ew ev Bev`Z wnmve Ggb Kvbv
Kg Kiv hv wZwb ev Zuvi mvnvexMY Kib wb Ges KiZ wblaI Kib wb|
Dci wewfb `wjji AvjvK Zv Kiv fvj ej cgvY Kiv hvq| hgb, mKj KvRi iZ wemwgjvn ejvi iZ
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KziAvb-nv`xm viv cgvwYZ| Avgiv Rvwb h, ivm~jjy v n I mvnvexMY Avjv AvKevi ej Avhvb i KiZb, KLbvB Zuviv
st
wemwgjvn... ej Avhvb i Kib wb| Ze Zuviv wbla Kib wb Ges Ab `wjj Zvi iZ cgvwYZ nq| KvRB Avgiv
tru
Avgvì Avhvb wemwgjvn w`q i Kie| wemwgjvn wenxb Avhvbi Pq wemwgjvn-mn AvhvbB Dg, A_ev wemwgjvn ejj
AviKzU fvj nq| mk KziAvb cvV Kij hgb mk wemwgjvn ejv fvj, Zgwb Avhvbi iZI DPî wemwgjvn... ejvB
fvj| G Qvov Rvi ejj ewk gvbyl be Ges ewk mvIqve ne| ... Gfve Dch y mKj Kgi cB AMwYZ AKvU `wjj
h
ck Kiv hvq|
na
G aibi `wjji wfwZ hw` KD hw` gb Kib h, h Kg ivm~jjy v n ev mvnvexMY Kib wb mB Kg

Kij Avjvn ewk m nb, ewk mvIqve nq, ewk Avè nq, ewk ejvqvZ nq, A_ev G Kg bv Kij `xb`vix, Avè
un
ev ejvqvZ GKUz Kg _K hvq Zvnj wbtm`n Zvi Cgvb fxwZRbK Aevq iqQ| wZwb ivm~jjy v n -Gi mybv ZK
Aev KiQb, AcQ` KiQb Ges Zuvi mybv ZK Avjvni mw, bKU I mvIqve ARbi Rb h_ bq ej gb
ss
KiQb|
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Avgiv gyw gbi Ljvd mybv Z Kg 4 chvq fvM KiZ cvwi:

1. GKew Ggb aibi cvkvK ciQb, Lv` LvQb, evwoNi evm KiQb, Pvlvev` KiQb ev Kvbv RvMwZK KvR
w
KiQb hv ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg Kib wb Ges KiZ wbla Kib wb| wZwb G Kgi ga Kvbv wekl
w
mvIqve Kbv KiQb bv| GKv RvMwZK cqvRbB Zv KiQb| G chvq me I Zv Aciva bq|
2. GKew Ggb aibi cvkvK ciQb, Lv` LvQb, evwoNi evm KiQb, Pvlvev` KiQb ev Kvbv RvMwZK KvR
w
KiQb hv ivm~jjy v n Kib wb Ges KiZ wbla Kib wb| wZwb G Kgi ga wekl mvIqve Kbv KiQb| wZwb gb
KiQb e ivm~jjy v n -Gi AbyKiY Kivi Pq GBic AbyKiYnxbfve ev AvswkK AbyKiY Ki KvRwU mv`b KivB
Dg ev ewk mvIqvei| hgb, wZwb fvZ Lvb A_ev wZwb LRyi ev hei iwUB Lvb, Ze AweKj ivm~jjy v n -Gi cwZZ
bv Lq AvaywbK I DbZ cwZK Lvb Ges gb Kib h, AweKj ivm~jjy v n -Gi AbyKiY LRyi ev hei iwU LvIqvi
Pq fvZ LvIqvq A_ev AweKj Zuvi cwZZ LvIqvi Pq DbZ ev AvaywbK cwZZ LvIqvq mvIqve ewk| A_ev Gfve
bv Lj `xb`vix ev Avè Kg nq| G chvq mvaviYZ cvIqv hvq bv| hw` cvIqv hvq Zvnj Zv wbtm`n NYvn Ges G ew
mybv Z AcQ` Kivi cvc wj|
3. GKew Cgvb, AvKx`v, mvjvZ, wmqvg, hvKvZ, n, whwKi, wZjvIqvZ, `vqv, gybvRvZ BZvw` Bev`Z welqK
Kgi ga Ggb KvR KiQb hv ivm~jjy v n Kib wb Ges KiZ wbla Kib wb| wZwb G Kgi ga Kvbv wekl
mvIqve Kbv KiQb bv| GKv RvMwZK cqvRbB Zv KiQb| hgb, wekl KviY eva nq wemwgjvn ej Avhvb i
KiQb, Ze wZwb Rvbb h, Avhvbi AvM wemwgjvn ejv mybv Zi wLjvd Ges wemwgjvn-mn Avhvbi Pq wemwgjvn-
wenxb AvhvbB Dg I ewk mvIqvei| A_ev wZwb wekl KviY ev cqvRb ùvwoq ev bPbP whK&i KiQb ev ì`-
mvjvg cvV KiQb| wZwb Rvbb h, ivm~jjy v n I mvnvexMY KLbv Gfve whK&i ev ì`-mvjvg cvV KiZb bv| wZwb
Zuvì cwZB Dg ej Rvbb Ges GKvB cqvRb mybv Zi wLjd KiQb| G chvq mvaviYZ cvIqv hvq bv| cvIqv
Contents

Mj Zv 1g chvqi gZ gvn|
3. GKew Cgvb, AvKx`v, mvjvZ, wmqvg, hvKvZ, n, whwKi, wZjvIqvZ, `vqv, gybvRvZ BZvw` Bev`Z welqK
Kgi ga Ggb KvR KiQb hv ivm~jjy v n Kib wb Ges KiZ wbla Kib wb| wZwb G Kgi ga wekl mvIqve
Kbv KiQb| wZwb gb KiQb e ivm~jjy v n -Gi AbyK iY Kivi Pq GBic AbyKiYnxbfve ev AvswkK
AbyK iYmn KvRwU mv`b KivB Dg ev ewk mvIqvei| G chvq cvIqv hvq| Rb A_ev bv Rb AbK avwgK
gymwjg G chv qi AMwYZ Kg wj nb| G chvq wbtm`n NYvn Ges G ew mybvZ AcQ` Kivi cvc wj|
Avgiv eySZ cviwQ h, cvkvK, cvbvnvi, evwoNi BZvw` welq AbyKiYnxbZv, AvswkK AbyKiY ev wLjvd mybv Z
Kg g~jZ 1g chvqi Ges Zv Aciva bq| Avi Bev`Z-e`Mx I bK-Avgji AbyKiYnxbZv, AvswkK AbyKiY ev
wLjvd mybv Z Kg gyjZ 4_ chvqi Ges AZ Abvq| KvRB, cvkvKi ivm~jjy v n -Gi e AbyKiYi cvYcb
Pv Kiv Avi Bev`Z-e`Mx I bK Avgji Zuvi e AbyKiY ev` w`q AMwYZ AKvU `jxj w`q bZzb bZzb cwZ
evbvbv wbtm`n Amy Cgvb, iM gvbwmKZv I wevwi cwiPvqK|
Avgvì mgvRi `xb`vi ev avwgK gvbylì agKg ev Bev`Z e`Mxi ga AMwYZ Ljvd-mybv Z Kg I
Bev`Zi AvswkK AbyKiYi ceYZv welq wevwiZ Rvbvi Rb cvVKK Avgvi jLv GnBqvDm mybvb bvgK
Mw U coZ Abyiva KiwQ| gnvb Avjvn AvgvìK mybv Z beexi e I cwic~Y Abym iYi ZvIdxK w`b|
2. 2. 3. 4. mybvZi bvg mybvZi weivwaZv
om
cvkvKx AbyKiYi ZZxq wevw mybv Zi bvg mybv Z weivwaZv ev mybv Z mZ cvkvK mybv Z weivax
cwZZ eenvi Kiv|
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mKj welqi bvq cvkvK cwiQì I AbyKiYi chvq I iZ mybvZi AvjvK eySZ ne| wZwb h
welqK Kg iZ w`qQb ZvK ewk iZ w`j ev wZwb hv KLbv KLbv KiQb Zv me`v Kij Zuvi mybv Zi
st
weivwaZv Kiv nq| cwZMZ ev iZMZ ewZg ev weivwaZv ivm~jjy v n wbR KwVbfve Avcw KiQb Ges GK
tru
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cvkvKi mvavwma nIqv, PvKwPKgq bv nIqv, cwiQb nIqv, `yM gy nIqv, mKj cKvi cvkvK cvqi
h
UvLbyi Ea _vKv, AnsKvi cKvkK bv nIqv, cwmw cKvkK bv nIqv, wejvmx bv nIqv BZvw` welqi Dci wZwb AZ
na
iZ w`qQb| wZwb AvRxeb mKj cKvi cvkvKi Gwj AbymiY KiQb, AMwYZ nv`xm Gwji Drmvn c`vb
KiQb Ges Gi ewZg KiZ wbla KiQb| Aciw`K Lvjv jyw, Pvì, Rvev, Uzwc, cvMwo, gv_vi igvj, Pvì
un
BZvw` wZwb wewfb mgq wewfbfve cwiavb KiQb| GKK mgq GKK cKvi cvkvK eenvi KiQb| Gwji Rb
Kvbv ZvwK` c`vb Kib wb ev ewZgi Rb Kvbv wblavv Rvbvb wb| Dcii mewj welqB Zuvi mybv Z| wK c_g
ss
welqi Pq wZxq welqK ewk iZ c`vb Kij mybvZi bvg mybvZi weivwaZv Kiv ne|
cieZx Aavq Avgiv `Le h, kixii wbgvsk I Eavsk AveZ Kivi Rb ivm~jjy v n Lvjv jyw, Pvì,
.a
wcinvb, cvRvgv BZvw` eenvi KiQb ev Abygv`b KiQb| G Zuvi mybv Z hLb hv cvIqv hvq Zv eenvi Kiv|
w
Rvgv, cvRvgv BZvw` _vKjI BQvKZfve Lvjv jyw I Pvì civ ev me`v Gic jyw I Pvì cwiavb Kiv mybv Zi
Ljvd| Avi hw` KD Gfve mybv Zi Ljvd PjvK mybv Z gZ hLb hv cvIqv hvq Zv cwiavb Kivi Pq Dg gb
w
Kib Ze wZwb mybvZ AcQ` Kivi cvc wj|

w
Abyicfve Avgiv Kvgxm I cvRvgv eenvii Drmvn c`vb g~jK ev dhxjZ g~jK nv`xm `LZ cvB| wK jyw
I Pvì cwiavbi dhxjZ vcK Kvbv nv`xm Avgiv cvB bv| GLb KD hw` cvRvgv, wcinvb BZvwì Pq Lvjv jyw I
Pvì eenvi KivK ewk dhxjZ gb Kib Zvnj wZwb mybvZ weivwaZvq I mybv Z AcQ` Kivq wj|
Avgiv `Le h, ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg gv_v AveZ Kivi Rb Uzwc, cvMwo, igvj BZvw` eenvi
KiZb| KLbv ay Uzwc, KLbv ay cvMwo, KLbv Uzwc I cvMwo Ges KLbv KLbv igvj eenvi KiZb| G Zuvi
mybv Z hLb hv mnRjf Zv eenvi Kiv| KvRB G wZb cKvi cvkvKK GK me`v eenvi KiZ ne ej gb
Kiv ev iZ Ìqv Ljvd mybvZ|
Avgiv `Le h, ivm~jjy v n -Gi hyM AwaKvsk mgq Kvgxm cwiavb Kij Zvi wbP jyw ev cvRvgv cwiavb Kiv nZv
bv| Gi KviY wQj Kvcoi ^Zv| GLb KD hw` Kvco chv _vKv mI GKwU Kvco cwiavb Kiv mybvZ gb Kib Ze Zv
mybv Zi weivwaZv ne; KviY mvnvexMY me nj GKvwaK Kvco cwiavb KiZ Drmvn c`vb KiQb|
ivm~jjy v n h mKj cvkvK gvSgvS ciQb mwjK me`v civ Bev`Z, ZvKIqv ev Avjvni bKUi
gvag gb Kiv ev Dg gb Kivi A_ mybv Z AcQ` Kiv| hgb, wZwb KLbv Lvjv jyw I Pvì eenvi KiZb, KLbv
Contents

wcinvb ev Rvev eenvi KiZb| n Qvov KLbvB wZwb me`v Lvjv jyw I Pvì eenvi Kib wb| GQvov wZwb Gwji
Rb wekl Kvbv iO wbw` Ki bb wb| GLb hw` KD me`v Lvjv jyw I Pvì cwiavb KivK Dg gb Ki ev
mevevq ev me`v mvjvZ Av`vqi Rb mv`v iOi ev Miqv iOi ev meyR iOi ev Kvbv wbw` iOi GKwU Lvjv jywO
I Pvì cwiavb KivK wbRi ixwZZ cwiYZ Kib Zvnj ZvZ mybv Z AcQ` Kiv ne Ges Zv weÀvZ ej MY ne|
H ew nqZ wbRK mybv Zi LuvwU Abymvix ej `vwe Kieb| wZwb nqZ wewfb nv`xm _K cgvY Kieb h,
ivm~jjy v n D cvkvK cwiavb KiQb| GQvov wZwb nqZ Aviv `vwe Kieb h, ni mgq ivm~jjy v n G cvkvK
wbavwiZ Ki w`qQb, GZ G cvkvKi iZ I dhxjZ eySv hvq| GRb me`v G cvkvK cwiavb Kiv Dg| GZ
mybv Z cvjb QvovI gZz i K_v gb nq, Kvdbi K_v gb nq, AvivdvZi K_v gb nq... BZvw` AbK hyw wZwb c`vb
KiZ cvieb| Ze Zuvi mKj hywi mvigg GB h, wZwb ivm~jyjvn -K nq cwZcb KiQb, bvEhy wejvn! wZwb `vwe
KiQb wewfb mgq wewfb cvkvK cwiavb Kivi Pq me`v G wbw` cvkvK cwiavb Kiv ewk mvIqvei| Gi A_,
ivm~jjy v n hv KiQb Zvi Pq G jvKwU wbRi KvRK Dg I ewk mvIqvei ej `vwe KiQb| wZwb ejQb h,
wZwb Ggb GKwU mvIqvei Kg Avwevi KiQb hv ivm~jjy v n RvbZb bv I cvjb KiZ cvib wb|
KD hw` wbRi iwP, myweav ev mgmvi KviY me`v mybv Z mZ ev Rvqh Kvbv GK cKvii ev GK iOi cvkvK
cwiavb Kib Zvnj Kvbv Amyweav bB| wK wZwb hw` G cwZK mvIqve, ZvKIqvi Ask ej gb Kib ZvnjB ZvZ
mybv Z beex AcQ` Kiv ne|
om
h welqK ivm~jjy v n hZUzKz iZ w`q cvjb ev eRb KiQb ZvK ZZUzKz iZ w`q cvjb ev eRb KivB
mybv Z| dih mvjvZK bdj gb Ki Av`vq Kiv I bdj mvjvZK dih wekvm Ki Av`vq Kiv hgb mybv Zi weivwaZv
I weÀvZ, Avgvì Dcii welqwjI Abyic weÀvZ| cvjbi hgb mybv Z Abymvi iZ c`vb KiZ ne,
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cvjb Drmvn c`vb I cwiZvM Kij cwZevì I Gfve mybv Zi i wVK ivLZ ne|
st
mybvZi bvg mybv Z weivwaZvi GKwU bM cKvk bdj-gymZvnve cvkvKx AbyKiYK ZvKIqvi g~j welq ej gb
tru
Kiv| cvkvKx AbyKiY ev mybvZx cvkvK eenvi Kiv AwaKvsk gymZvnve chvqi| Gwj Avjvni bKU ARbi
iZcY~ I mvIqvei welq| wK Gwj KLbB ZvKIqvi gvcKvwV bq| ZvKIqvi gvcKvwV Mvbvn eRb Kiv|
gymZvnve KvR cwZhvwMZv Pj, wK gymZvnve cwiZvMi Rb SMov, NYv ev Aev wbtm`n mybv Z weivax|
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G g~jbxwZ AbKB ^xKvi KijI Dcii KqKwU wew Avgvì gb Ggbfve Avmb Mo emQ h, cKZ
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gymwjgi ewZ, ejvqZ I eyRwy M mK Avgvì aviYv GKeviB Dv nq wMqQ| Avgiv cvMwo, Uzwc, wcinvb, igvj
BZvw` welq AZ mPZb| wK Cgvb, ev`vi nK, nvjvj DcvRb, gvbe mev mK D`vmxb| KD nqZ MxeZ, Anvi,
un
ev`vi nK b, nvivg DcvRb BZvw`Z wj, wK Uzwc, cvMwo, igvj, ìLvb, wcinvb BZvw` cvkvKx mybv Z cvjb AZ
wbvevb| Avgiv G ewK gyvKx cinhMvi ev avwgK gymwjg ej gb Kwi| GgbwK Avjvni Ijx ev cxi-gvkvqL ejI
ss
wekvm Kwi| Aci w`K hw` KD dih-IqvwRe cvjb, nvivg eRb, nvjvj DcvRb, ev`vi n Av`vq, gvbe mev, mgvR-KjvY
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BZvw`Z wj _vKb wK gymZvnve chvqi cvkvKx AbyKiY wU Kib Ze ZvK Avgiv Avjvni Ijx ejv Zv `~ii K_v
avwgK ejB gvbZ ivwR ne bv|
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AbK avwgK gvbyl igvj, Uzwc ev cvMwo wbq AwZ e njI nvjvj gvji cvkvK wK-bv Zv weePbv KiQb
w
bv| jvKwUi Uzwc, cvMwo ev Rvgv Kvb& KvwUsGi Zv Lye hZ mnKvi weePbv KijI wZwb ev`vi nK b KiQb wKbv,
dihmg~n cvjb KiQb wKbv, gvbyli wZ ev AKjvY _K weiZ AvQb wKbv, Kexiv Mvbvnwj _K weiZ AvQb wKbv
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BZvw` welq Avgiv weePbvq AvbwQ bv|

mePq `ytLRbK welq GB h, Avgiv GKv bdj-gyv nve cvkvKx AbyKiYK AbK mgq `jv`wj I vZZi
gvb` wnmve MnY KiwQ| g~jZ mKj gywgb GK AciK fvjevmeb| weklZ huviv dih, IqvwRe ev mybv Z gyAvv`vn cvjb
KiQb Ges nvivg I gvKin Zvnixgx eRb KiQb ZvìK Avjvni Ijx ev wcq ev`v wnmve fvjevmv Avgvì Cgvbi `vex|
bdj gyvnve welq Kg-ewk h hfve cvib Kieb| G mKj welq cwZhvwMZv ne, wK `jv`wj ne bv|
wK eve Rxeb Avgiv `LZ cvB h, Avgiv Uzwc, Rvgv, cvMwo, ìLvb BZvwì AvKwZ, cKwZ, iO, whwKi,
`vqv, ì` mvjvg BZvwì cwZ I cKiY BZvw`KB `jv`wji wfw wnmve MnY Kwi| dj whwb nvivg wj, MxeZ
KiQb, gvbyli nK b KiQb, dih IqvwRe b KiQb wK cvkvKi KvwUs-G ev whKi-ìì cwZZ Avgvì mv_
wgj ivLb ZvK Avgiv Avcb gb Ki xwb fvB ev gneZi fvB ej gb Kwi| Avi hvi ga dih-IqvwRe weivRgvb,
A_P bdj-gyv nve chvq Avgvi mv_ wfbZv iqQ ZvK Avgiv Kvwdi gykwiKi gZv NYv Kwi ev eRb Kwi| Gfve
Avgiv Bmjvgi g~j gvb` D djwQ| Avgiv Bmjvgi Rvgv D ciwQ|
2. 2. 3. 5. cvkvKx AbyK iY iZnxb fvev
Dcii wevwwji wecixZ AviKwU wevw: cvkvKx AbyKiYK iZnxb fvev ev cvkvK- cwiQ` BZvw`
Contents

ivm~jjy vn -Gi AbyKiY AcqvRbx ej gb Kiv| G mKj welq Kvbv mybv Z bB ej `vwe Kiv| Kvwdi
gykwiKiv h cvkvK ciZ wZwbI mB cvkvK ciZb ej `vwe Kiv|
Dcii AvjvPbv _K Avgiv `LwQ h, G `vwe KziAvb, nv`xm I mvnvexMYi wkvi weivax| GLvb wbgi
welqwj weeP:
(1) gvi KvwdiMY hfve n KiZv, Kzievbx KiZv, AvKxKv KiZv ev weevni Abyvbvw` KiZv, cqvRbxq
wKQz msvi Ki evwK welq wVK iL ivm~jjy v n GmKj Bev`Z ev Abyvb cvjb KiQb, wK mRb Avgiv GmKj
Bev`Z ev Abyvbvwì Zuvi AbymiY-AbyKiY ZvM KiZ cwi bv|
(2) KziAvb I nv`xm ivm~jyjv n -Gi AbyKiYi wb`k Ìqv nqQ Ges m Bev`Z, gyAvgvjvZ,
cvkvK BZvwì ga Kvbv wefvRb ev cv_K Kiv nq wb| KvRB G wefvRb Avgvì gbMov Ges KziAvb I nv`xmi
wb`ki weivax| g~jZ ivm~jjy vn Gi mKj Kg, Av`k I ixwZB AbyKiYxq| AbyKiYi iZi Kgewk ne m
welq Zuvi wb`kbv, wkv I iZ Abymvi| Bev`Z welqK, mvgvwRK, cvKwZK ev RvMwZK h Kvbv welq Zuvi Kgi
mv_ hw` gwLK wb`kbv hy nq Zvnj wb`kbv Abymvi Zvi iZ ew cvq| gbMovfve Zuvi Kvbv Kg ev ixwZK
Kg iZcY~ ev AbyKiY-AhvM ej gb Kivi g~j KviY wbRi cew i AbyKiYi ceYZv| G mKj wefvRbi gvag
Giv ejZ Pvb h, Avgvi KvQ ivm~jjy v n Gi cvkvK, Lv`, cvwievwiK Rxeb, A_bwZK bxwZ, ivxq bxwZ ev Ab
Kvbv w`K fvj jvMQ bv, G welq Abvb mc`vqi ixwZB Avgvi ewk cQ`| GRb Avwg mwjK RvMwZK, Aviexq
om
ev ZrKvjxb ej Dwoq w`wQ|
(3) AbyKiY hyw wbfi bq, AveM I fvjevmv wbfi| hvK gvbyl fvjevm, fw Ki ev Av`k gb Ki Zvi
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AhwK KgKI AbyKiY Ki| ivRbxwZ, dzUej, wKU BZvw` wewfb ZviKvi Pzj, cvkvK BZvwì AbyKiYi
dvb ev fì Aev `LB Avgiv Zv eySZ cvwi| GKRb gywgb `qi mKj AveM I fw w`q fvjevmb
st
ivm~jjy v n -K| KvRB wZwb mKj hywi Ea Zuvi AbyKiY Kieb mUvB ^vfvweK| wewfb hyw I ARynvZ Zzj Zuvi
tru
AbyKiY cwiZvM Kivi ceYZv Avgvì `yej Cgvb I Ac~Y fvjevmvi cgvY|
(4) ivm~jjy v n Aviexq AvenvIqvi Rb wewfb cvkvK ciZb ej cvkvKi Zvi AbyKiY AcqvRbxq ej
h
Avgiv `vwe Kwi| Gici Avgiv wbRì `kxq ev evOvjx cvkvK ev` w`q BDivcxq cvkvK cwiavb Kwi, hwÌ
na
BDivcxqì cvkvKI Zvì `kxq AvenvIqvi wfwZB Zwi| welqwU BDivcxq cvkvKi cwZ Avgvì fvjevmv I
Aviexq cvkvKi cwZ Avgvì NYv cgvY Ki|
un
(5) gywgbi me`v wPv Kieb wKm Avgiv mvIqve ewk ne| wKm Mvbvn ne bv mB wPv Cgvbi `yej Zv
cKvk Ki| RvMwZK welq mvgvb jvf, A UvKv ev A bv^vii Rb Avgiv hgb eKzjZv cKvk Kwi I cwikg Kwi,
ss
Avjvni ingZ, mvIqve I AvwLivZi mì welq gyw gb Zvi PqI ewk eKzj I cwikgx neb| hnZz KvRwU
gymZvnve, bv Kij Mvbvn bB mnZz KvRwU Kie bv G wPv gyw gbK gv^q enr wZi ga wbcwZZ Ki| KvRB
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gymZvnve AbyKiYI hZUzKz me cvjb KiZ mP nZ ne|

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(6) AwaKvsk B cvkvKx AbyKiY ev mybv Zx cvkvK eenvi bdj-gyv nve chvqi Kg| h mKj cvkvK-
cwiQ` ivm~jjy v n cwiavb KiQb Ges KiZ Drmvn c`vb KiQb wK cwiavb bv Kij ev ewZg Kij Mvbvn
w
ne ej Rvbvb wb mwj cwiavb Kij mvIqve ne, bv Kij Mvbvn ne bv| Abyicfve h mKj cvkvK ivm~jjy vn
w
cwiavb KiQb wK cwiavb KiZ Kvbvic Drmvn c`vb Kib wb mwjI Kvbv gymwjg AbyKiYi Dk
cwiavb Kij ZvZ mvIqve ne| Ze Zv cwiavb bv Kij Kvbv Mvbvn ne bv| AwaKvsk gvmb~b A_vr mybv Z mZ ev
ivm~jjy v n -Gi eeZ cvkvK-cwiQ`B G chvqi| G mKj cvkvK e ivm~jjy v n -Gi AbyKiY cvwiavb KiZ
AvMnx wQjb mvnvexMY Ges ZrcieZx mKj hyMi mKj avwgK gymwjg|
(7) cvkvKx AbyKiY AwaKvsk mgq gymZvnve njI hnZz Zv me`v Avgvì `nK wNi ivL GRb mRvM
gyw gbi `q Gi cfve AbK ewk| AbyKiY AbyKiYKvixi gb AbyK iYxq ewZi cwZ fvjevmv, AvKlY I mK
ew Ki| z`Z g RvMwZK welqI ivm~jyjv n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvgi AbyKiY Avgvì `q Zuvi cwZ fvjevmv
ew Kie, hv Avgvì Cgvb I gywi Rb AwZ cqvRbxq| me`v AvgvìK Zuvi mv_ mwKZ fveZ mvnvh Kie|
Avgvì `q Abvwej Avb` I eiKZ eq Avbe|
(8) cvkvKx AbyKiY bdj welq, ev bdj-gymZvnve welq evovevwo ev PvcvPvwc KiZ bB, G bxwZi wfwZ
AbK Bmjvgx ewZ cvkvKx AbyKiY PvcvPvwc eRb KiZ hq Dv cvkvKx AbyKiYK wbirmvwnZ Kib| bdj-
gymZvnve PvcvPvwci welq bq, Ze Drmvn c`vbhvM welq| weklZ hviv Avjvni c_ AMmi nZ Pvb Zvì Rb Zv
wekl iZcY~ | dih-IqvwRei cvkvcvwk bdj-gymZvnve Kgi gvagB ev`v Avjvni wcq nZ cvi ej KziAvb I
nv`xm evisevi ejv nqQ| ivm~jyjv n I mvnvexMYi ixwZI ZvB|
Contents

(9) mevcwi Avgiv ivm~jyjv n I mvnvexMYi nv`xmi AvjvK RvbZ ciwQ h, cvkvK-cwiQ`, cvbvnvi
BZvw` z`v wZz` RvMwZK welqI ivm~jyjvn -Gi AbyKiY I AbymiY cksmbxq Ges mvnvexMY G welq iZ Avivc
KiZb|
(10) mKj gymwjgi c ivm~jjy v n -Gi e AbyK iY ev mKj mybvZ cvjb me nq bv Zv Avgiv mnRB
eySZ cvwi| Dci cvkvK-cwiQ` RvZxq AwaKvsk mybv Z cvjb bv Kij Kvbv Mvbvn ne bv| wK ivm~jyjv n -
Gi z`v wZz` Kvbv Kg, ixwZ ev gZvgZK mvgvbZg NYv, Aev ev Aenjv Kiv ev APj gb Kiv wbtm`n Cgvb
weivax| `ytLRbKfve AbK Bmjvg-cwgK gvbylI Gic Cgvb weivax aviYvq Avv nqQb|
(11) hvì weivwaZv KiZ evisevi wb`k w`qQb ivm~jjy v n m mKj Agymwjg mc`vqi cvkvK-
cwiQ`, ixwZ, AvPvi BZvw` viv Avgiv Ggbfve civwRZ, gvwnZ I gy nq wMqwQ h, GKgv Zvì PvLB Avgiv
`wL| Zuvì `w w`q wePvi Kwi| Zviv hvK vUbm ej gb Ki AvgivI ZvK vUbm ej gb Kwi| cvkvKi
DchvwMZv ev MnYhvMZv wePvi Kivi mgq Avgiv wPv Kwi, Kzdiz x msw Zi aviKiv A_ev Zvì mvgb
mvsw ZKfve civwRZiv Avgvì fvjv eje, vvU eje ev cksmv Kie wK-bv| Avgiv GK_v fveZ fyj hvq,
Avgvì cvkvK ev AvPvi-AvPiY `L Avjvn I Zuvi ivm~j KZUzKz Lywk neb|
vUbm, ewZ, m`h BZvw` welq AbKvskB AvcwK| RR IqvKvi eyk, jvjK Av`fvbx ev Zuvì
Abymvix I AbyMZì wbKU h cyil ev gwnjvi cvkvK, vBj ev PvjPjb Zw`vqK, myì I vU ej weewPZ ne
om
Dgvi Bebyj Lvve, Avjx Beby Avex Zvwje, wejvj Beby Avwe ivevn (iv) I Zuvì Abymvix I AbyMZì wbKU mwj
AZ evR, bvsiv, Amyì I AvcwKi gb nZ cvi| Avevi Gi DvwUI eve|
(12) AbK Bmjvgwcq gvb~l mybv Z-mZ cvkvKi cwZ Zuvì AcQ` ev weiw Mvcb Kivi Rb Bmjvgx hyw
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eenvi Kib| Zuviv `vwe Kib, ivm~jjy v n -Gi gZ cvkvK cwiavb Kij Bmjvgi cPvi I cwZv evnZ ne| gvbyl
st
mKj Bmjvg MnY Kie bv| K_vwU GKw`K hgb eveZvi m~Y wecixZ, Zgwb Zv Bmjvgx `wfwi mv_ mvsNwlK|
tru
ay cPviKi Bmjvgx cvkvKi KviY KLbvB Bmjvgi cPvi I cwZv evnZ nq wb, eis Zvi BDivcxq cvkvKi
KviYB AwaKvsk mgq cPvi I cwZv evavM nq|
mePq eo K_v, Abi Bmjvg MnYi Avkv ev Kbvi KviY wK Avgiv Avgvì Kvbv bdj-gymZvnve Bev`Z
h
ev Avè cwiZvM KiZ cvwi? ivm~jjy v n I Zuvi mvnvexMY wK KLbv Kvwdiì mvgb BmjvgK mnR Kiv Rb ev Zvì
na
Bmjvg MnYi Avkvq wbRì z`Z g Kvbv bdj-gymZvnve Kg ev Avè-ixwZ cwiZvM KiQb?
Avgiv KLbvB gb Kwi bv h, mevBK bdj, gymZ & vnve ev e AbyKiY KiZ ne| cvkvKi welqwU AbK ck|
un
Ze ivm~jjy vn mvjvjv -Gi e AbyKiY ev bdj-gymZvnve AbyKiY AcqvRbxq, APj, wb`bxq ev Bmjvgi Rb wZKi ej
gb Kivi ceYZv AZ wb`bxq I wevwKi|
ss
G K_v wVK h, AbK cvkvKB mgvR we`gvb hwj cij Mvbvn ne bv| Ze gywgb Rxebi mKj KgB Mvbvn ne
wKbv Zv wPv Kivi Pq ewk wPv Kivi ìKvi mvIqve ne wK bv ev KZ ewk mvIqve ne| h cvkvK ivm~jjy v n ciQb
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Zv cwiavb Kij Zuvi e AbyKiYi mvIqve I Zuvi gneZ Avgiv ARb Kie| Avi h cvkvK ciZ wZwb Drmvn w`qQb ev
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fvjemQb Zv cwiavb Kij Aviv ewk mvIqve Avgiv jvf Kie| Avi G mvIqve ARb KiZ AvgvìK Ah~, Mvmj, Zvmexn,
w
whK&i, mgqeq, A_eq BZvw` Kvbv AwZwi K KiZ nQ bv| Kvbv bv Kvbv cvkvK Zv AvgvK ciZB ne| KvRB
w
Avwg Kb G myhvM _K wbRK ewZ Kie? wKmi gvn? wK jvf ne Avgvi `ywbqv ev AvwLivZ?
gywgb Pv Kieb mKj hywi Ea Zvi wcqZgi e AbyKiY Kivi| Kvbv KviY Zv KiZ bv cvij Zvi `q
Avdmvm _vKe Ges hviv Zv KiZ cvieb Zuvì cwZ AKwg kveva I fvjevmv wZwb Abyfe Kieb| ZuvìK G w`K
_K Zvi wbRi Pq AMmi I Dg ej Abyfe Kieb| gnvb Avjvn Avgvì `qwjK Zuvi wcqZg ivm~ji ()
fvjevmvq c~Y Ki w`b| Avgxb!
Contents
ZZxq Aavq
mybvZi AvjvK cvkvK
c~ee Zx Aavq Avgiv cvkvK cwiQì ivm~jjy v n -Gi AbyKiYi iZ I chvq AvjvPbv KiwQ| G
Aavq Avgiv ivm~jjy v n -Gi cvkvK cwiQ` AvjvPbv Ki AbyKiYi ev mybv Zx cvkvKi eenvwiK w`K chvjvPbv Kie|
gnvb Avjvni ZvIdxK cv_bv KiwQ|
3. 1. Bhvi ev jyw
Avie `ki mevwaK cPwjZ cvkvK wQj Bhvi I wi`v| GKwU Pvì kixii wbvsk Rovbv I GKwU Pvì
kixii Dcivsk Kuvai Dci w`q Rovbv| eZgvb hyM G cvPxb Aviexq cvkvK cvq Aejy nqQ| ay ni mgq
Avgiv G cvkvK `LZ cvB| ni mgq cyil nvRxMY kixii wbvsk h Pvì ev mjvBwenxb jyw cwiavb Kib ZvK
Bhvi ejv nq| mvaviYfve Avgiv Bhvi ejZ mjvBwenxb jyw ev Lvjv jyw ejZ cvwi|
ivm~jjy v n wewfb cKvii cvkvK cwiavb KiZb| wZwb Rvgv (Kvgxm) cQ` KiZb| Ze AMwYZ nv`xmi
AvjvK `Lv hvq h, eenvii AvwaKi w`K _K Bhvi I wi`v ev mjvBwenxb jyw I PvìB wZwb mePq ewk
om
eenvi KiZb|
3. 1. 1. Bhvii AvqZb
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hnZz AMwYZ nv`xm ivm~jjy v n -Gi Bhvi cwiavbi K_v ewYZ nqQ, mnZz Avgiv G mKj nv`xm
st
AvjvPbv bv Ki Zuvi Bhvi mwKZ wKQy Z_ AvjvPbv Kie| Zuvi eeZ Bhvii AvqZb mK AbKwj eYb v
cvIqv hvq| eYbvwji mb` `yej| Ze mKj eYbv GK AvgvìK wKQz aviYv c`vb Ki|
tru
IqvwK`x hqxd mb` eYbv KiQb,

h
na

ivm~jyjv n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvgi Bhvi wQj Pvi nvZ GK weNZ j^v I GKnvZ GK weNZ PIov| wZwb
un
RygAv I `yB Cì mvjvZi Rb Zv cwiavb KiZb| nv`xmwUi mb` `yej | 470
KbyB _K gagvi kl cv ch vbK AviexZ ( )ev nvZ ejv nq| wewfb nv`xmi eYbv _K nq h,
ss
nv`xm ( )ev nvZ ejZ `yB weNZ eySvbv nqQ|471 G_K Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, nv`xm nvZ ejZ mvaviY nvZB eySvbv
nqQ, hvi cwigvY 18 Bw ev Zvi KvQvKvwQ Ges GK weNZ mvaviYZ 9 Bw ev KvQvKvwQ|
.a
Gfve Avgiv `LZ cvB h, ivm~jjy v ni () meZ mvo Pvi nvZ j^v I ò nvZ PIov jyw cwiavb KiZb|
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Avgvì `k mjvB Kiv jyw mvaviYZ cuvP/mvqv cuvP nvZ j^v I cvq wZb nvZ PIov nq| GZ cZxqgvb nq h, ivm~jjy v n
I mvnvexMYi eeZ jyw Avgvì jywi gZB ev Zvi Pq GKUz Kg j^v wQj Ges Avgvì jywi Pq AbK Kg PIov
w
wQj| wbm&d mvK Szj w`q cwiavbi Rb PIov GKUz Kg njI Pj| Bbkv Avjvn, G mKxq Aviv wKQy eYbv Avgiv Pvì
w
welqK AvjvPbvi mgq `LZ cve|

3. 1. 2. Bhvi cwiavb cwZ
^fveZB Avgiv eySZ cvwi h ivm~jjy vn Bhvii Dcii cv Kvgi euvaZb|472 GKwU `yej mbì eYbv _K
Rvbv hvq h, wZwb bvwfi wbP Bhvi ciZb, dj bvwf Bhvii Dci _vKZ Ges `Lv hZ| gynvv` Beby mv` hqxd mb` Beby
Avevm (iv) _K eYbv KiQb:

Avwg `Ljvg ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg bvwfi wbP Bhvi euaQb Ges Zuvi bvwf ewiq iqQ|
Contents

Avi Avwg DgviK (iv) `LwQ wZwb bvwfi Dci Bhvi euaQb| 473
Avjx (iv) bvwfi Dci Bhvi euvaZb ej ewYZ nqQ| Kvbv Kvbv mvnvex I Zvweqx bvwfi wbP Bhvi euvaZb ej
ewYZ nqQ|474
Bhvii c _K Avgiv Lye mnRB eySZ cvwi h, Bhvii wbcv nuvUzi mvgvb wbP _vKZ| G welq AbK
mnxn nv`xm ewYZ nqQ h, ivm~jyjv n -Gi Bhvii wbcv wbmd mvK ev cvqi bjvi gvSvgvwS _vKZv|
mvnvexMY Zuvi AbyKiY jyw cwiavb KiZb| BZvc~e G welqK `ywU nv`xm Avgiv DjL KiwQ| Avgiv `LwQ
h, Dmgvb (iv) Movjx I nuvUzi gvSvgvwS (wbmdy mvK) ch Szwjq Bhvi cwiavb KiZb Ges ejZb: ivm~jjy v n
Gfve Bhvi cwiavb KiZb| Avi Beby Avevm (iv) Zvi mvgbi w`K _K Bhvii cv bvwgq w`Zb, hvZ Bhvii
cv cvqi Dci co hZ Avi wcQb _K Zv DwVq DPz Ki ciZb| Gi KviY wnme wZwb ejb: Avwg ivm~jjy v n
-K Gfve jyw cwiavb KiZ `LwQ|
GLvb jYxq h, mvaviYfve Bhvii mv_ Pvì civB wQj Avieì mvaviY cvkvK| GRb Bhvii `vwqZ
wQj kixii wbgvsk AveZ Kiv| Ze cvkvKi ^Zvi KviY KLbv KLbv ivm~jjy v n Ges AbK mgq mvnvexMY
GKwUgv Bhvi cwiavb KiB Pjvdiv KiZb| G Zuviv Bhvi w`qB kixii DcwifvMi wKQz Ask AveZ Kivi Pv
KiZb| G Bhvi-Gi cwiavb cwZ I Zvi DcwifvM I wbgc v i Aevb wKQz nidi nZv| Bhvi QvU nj
Zuviv Dci ewYZ wbqg Kvgi Bhvi euvaZb Ges kixii DcwifvM m~Y AbveZ iL Pjvdiv KiZb| Avi Bhvii
om
c ev AvKvi GKUz eo nj Zv Zuviv Kuvai Dci w`q Rwoq ciZb| ZvZ GKwU BhviB Zuvì Kuva _K nuvUzi wbg
ch AveZ KiZb| mvjvZi cvkvK welqK AvjvPbvq Avgiv welqwU DjL KiwQ|
.c
3. 1. 3. Bhvi ev jywi iO
ivm~jjy v n wewfb iOi Bhvi cwiavb KiQb| jvj, Kvj, mv`v, meyR, njy` I WvivKvUv ev wgwkZ iOi Bhvi wZwb
st
cwiavb KiQb| cieZx AvjvPbvq Avgiv G welq RvbZ cvie, Bbkv Avjvn|
3. 2. wi`v ev Pvì tru
wi`v A_ Pvì RvZxq Kvco, hv kixii Eavsk Rovbv nq| mvaviYfve jywi mv_ wi`v ev Pvì cwiavb KivB wQj
h
Avie `ki mevwaK cPwjZ cvkvK| mvaviYfve Bhvi I wi`vi ga Kvbv cv_K bB| GKB cKvii `ywU _vb Kvco|
na
hwU wbv cwiavb Kiv nq ZvK Bhvi ejv nq| Avi hwU Eavs cwiavb Kiv nq ZvK wi`v ejv nq|
G A_ Aviv AbKwj k nv`xm kixd eenvi Kiv nqQ, hgb ( )G mKj
un
ki A_i ga wKQy cv_K AvQ| Ze mewjB Lvjv Pvì RvZxq cvkvK eySvq| mvaviYZ Gwj viv mivmwi kixi
AveZ Kiv nZv| KLbv GwjK Ab Kvbv cvkvKi DciI cwiavb Kiv nZv| G mKj Pvìi AvKwZ, iO, Zwii
ss
Dcv`vb BZvwì KviY G mKj bvgi cv_K| ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg Gwj meB eenvi KiQb|
3. 2. 1. wi`vi AvqZb
.a
Dci DjwLZ IqvwKwì eYbvq wZwb ejb :

w
.
w
ivm~jyjv n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvgi wi`v ev Pvìi `N wQj Qq nvZ Ges c wQj wZb nvZ| eYbvwUi
w
mb` `yej |475

DiIqv Beby hyevBii (g 94 wn) m~ ewYZ:

ivm~jyjv n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvgi Pvìi `N Pvi nvZ I c `yB nvZ GK weNZ wQj| eYbvwUi mb`
`yej |476
Ab eYbvq DiIqv ejb:

Contents

ivm~jyjv n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg h Pvì cwiavb Ki wekl gngvb I AvMKì mvgb AvmZb Zvi
`N wQj Pvi nvZ Ges c wQj `yB nvZ I GK weNZ| G PvìwU GLbv (DgvBqv hyM, wnRix c_g kZKi klw`K)
Ljxdvì wbKU iqQ| Zv cyivZb nq wMqQ| GRb Zviv Ab Kvcow`q Zv Rwoq wbqQb| Zviv C`yj wdZi I
C`yj AvhnvZ Zv cib| nv`xmwUi mb` `yej| 477
`yej mb` Avwqkv (iv) _K ewYZ:
.
ivm~jyjv n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvgi Kvcoi `N wQj Pvi nvZ I GK weNZ Ges c wQj GK nvZ I GK
478
weNZ|
`yej mb` Avyjv n Beby Dgvii m~ ewYZ:

ivm~jjy v n PZzfyR mgvb `N I ci Pvì cwiavb KiZb|479
Dcii mewj eYbv mbì w`K _K Kgewk `yej| Ze wewfb eYbvi AvjvK Avgiv eySZ cvwi h,
ivm~jjy v n 4 _K 6 nvZ `N I ò _K wZb nvZ c Pvì cwiavb KiZb|
om
3. 2. 2. wi`v ev Pvì cwiavb cwZ
Pvì cwiavbi welq Avgiv ^fveZB eySZ cvwi h, Kuvai Dci iL `yB cv `yB w`K ev GKw`K iL Pvì
civ nq| GQvov ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg wewfb mgq kixi cuwPq Pvì cwiavb KiZb| KLbv ev evg
.c
Kuvai Dci Pvì iL Wvb Kuva Lvjv iL eMji wbP w`q cuwPq Pvì cwiavb KiZb|
st
mvaviYfve Pvì gv_v AveZ Kivi Rb eenvi Kiv nq bv| Ze KLbv KLbv wZwb Pvì ev Pvìi cv w`q
tru
gv_v AveZ KiZb ev PvìK gv_vi Dci igvj wnmve eenvi KiZb ej Rvbv hvq|
Avjvgv gynvv` Beby BDm~d kvgx DjL KiQb h, nv`xm kixd ewYZ nqQ, ivm~jjy vn BmwZmKv ev ew
cv_bvi mvjvZ wbRi kixii Pvì Nywiq bb| GZ cgvwYZ nq h, wZwb Pvì ciZb gv_vi Dci w`q| G _K eySv
h
hvq h, wZwb gv_v I `yB Kuvai Dci Pvì dj ivLZb, Zv Rwoq wbZb bv|480 Avgiv gKveiY welqK AvjvPbvq G
na
mK Aviv wKQy RvbZ cvie, Bbkv Avjvn|

3. 2. 3. jyw I Pvì welqK nv`xmwji cwZcv`
un
mjvBwenxb jyw (Bhvi) I Pvì welqK nv`xmwj _K Avgiv wbgi welqwj eySZ cvwi:
K. mjvBwenxb jyw I Pvì Avieì ga mePq ewk eeZ cvkvK wQj| ivm~jjy v n wbR mevwaK G cvkvKB
ss
eenvi KiZb|
.a
L. G cvkvKB wQj mePq mvaviY I ^vfvweK cvkvK| GRb ni mgq ^vfvweKZv I mvRMvRnxbZv
cKvki Rb G cvkvK cwiavb Kiv nZv|
w
M. G cvkvKi dhxjZ ev G cvkvK cwiavb Drmvn `vb Ki Kvbv nv`xm ewYZ nqQ ej Avgvì
`wMvPi nq wb| cvcZv I cPjbi KviY ivm~jjy v n I mvnvexMY Zv eenvi KiZb| wekl Kvbv dhxjZ ev
w
mvIqvei Rb Zuviv G cvkvK cwiavb KiQb ev KiZ Drmvn w`qQb ej Rvbv hvq bv|
w
N. ivm~jjy v n ZrKvjxb mgvR cPwjZ wewfb iOi jyw I Pvì cwiavb KiQb| Kvj, meyR, mv`v, jvj,
njy` I wgwkZ WvivKvUv iOi Pvì I jyw wZwb cwiavb KiQb ej wewfb nv`xm _K Avgiv RvbZ cvwi| Gwji
ga meyR iO wZwb weklfve cQ` KiZb Ges mv`v iOi cvkvK ciZ Drmvn w`qQb ej ewYZ nqQ| WvivKvUv
ev wgwkZ iOi cvkvK wZwb cQ` KiZb ej ewYZ nqQ| wK Gic Drmvn c`vb ev cQì KviY wZwb me`v Gwj
eenvi Kib wb| Gwj QvovI Abvb iO wZwb me`v eenvi KiQb| GgbwK meyR, mv`v ev wgwkZ iO wZwb ewk
eenvi KiQb ejI Rvbv hvq bv| G welq Zuvi ixwZ hLb hv cvIqv hvq Zv eenvi Kiv Ges Kvbv GKwU iO
me`v eenvi bv Kiv|
jvj I njy` iOi Avgiv wecixZgywL eYbv `LZ cve|
O. AvqZbi I Avgiv `LZ cvB h, ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg wekl Kvbv AvqZbK
Contents

me`v eenvi Kib wb| myhvM I cvcZv Abymvi me AvqZbi cvkvKB eenvi KiQb|
P. ivm~jjy v n AZ Kg `vgi 5/7 wìnvgi jyw I Pvì cwiavb KiQb| Avivi AZ `vgx 3000
wìnvgi jyw I PvìI cwiavb KiQb| Gi Zuvi mvaviY ixwZ wQj mvaviYfve mnRjf I wejvwmZv gy cvkvK
cwiavb Kiv| KD `vgx cvkvK c`vb Kij Zv wdwiq bv w`q Zv cqvRb gZ eenvi Kiv|
Q. ivm~jyjvn ^vfvweKfveB mjvBwenxb jyw I Pvì cwiavb KiZb| jyw Kvgi bvwfi Dci ev wbP euvaZb|
wbgcv nuvUzi wKQz wbP ev cvqi Mvovwj I nuvUzi gaeZx vb _vKZ| Ze mvgbi Ask ev `yB cv mvaviYfve wbP Szj
hZ| Pvì ^vfvweKfve Kuvai Dci w`q Mvq RovZb| gv_vi Dci w`qI cwiavb KiZb ej KD KD `vwe KiQb|
Ze G welq Kvbv nv`xm bB|
3. 3. Kvgxm ev Rvgv
nvZv, Mjv BZvw` mn kixii gvc KU I mjvB Ki kixii Daski Rb cZ mKj cvkvKKB AviweZ
Kvgxm ejv Pj| ecK A_ cvvwe, kvU, wcinvb, `kxq ev fviZxq KvwgR BZvw` mewKQyB AviweZ Kvgxm ej
MY|481
ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg jyw-Pvìi cvkvcwk Kvgxm ev Rvgv cwiavb KiZb| Zuvi Rvgv ev
Kvgxm wQj eZgvb Avgvì `k cPwjZ wcinvb ev Aviexq Rvgvi gZ| hwÌ Zuvi mgq Zuvi mgvR Bhvi I wi`vi ev
jyw I Pvìi cPjbB wQj mePq ewk, Ze Kvgxm ev RvgvI evcKfve cwiwPZ I eeZ wQj|
om
3. 3. 1. wcq cvkvK I evcK eenvi
cvkvK wnmve KvgxmKB wZwb mePq ewk cQ` KiZb ej ewYZ nqQ| mnxn mb` ewYZ nv`xm Dy mvjvgv
.c
(iv) ejb,
st

tru
ivm~jjy v n -Gi mePq wcq Kvco wQj Kvgxm ev Rvgv| 482
Avgiv Dcii AvjvPbvq `LwQ h, Pvì I jywB ZrKvjxb Avieì ga mePq ewk cPwjZ cvkvK wQj
h
Ges ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg mevwaK eenvi KiZb Pvì I jyw| GLvb ck GB h, AcvKZ Kg
na
cPwjZ cvkvK Kvgxm ev Rvgv ivm~jjy v n -Gi mePq ewk wcq cvkvK wQj Kb?
G cki Di AvwjgMY ejQb h, jyw, Pvì BZvw` cvkvKi Pq Kvgxm ev Rvgv `n AveZ Kivi Rb
un
ewk mnvqK I eenvii Rb ewk mnR| Lvjv jyw I Pvì cwiavb Aevq Amveavb nj mZi AbveZ nq hZ cvi|
GRb cwiavbKvixK m`v mZK _vKZ nq| GQvov G aibi Lvjv cvkvK cwiavb Aevq wewfb cKvii kvixwiK Kg
ss
KiZ Amyweav nq| cvi GKwU Kvgxm AvIivZ-mn kixii Davsk I wbvsk AZ myìfve AveZ Ki ivL| mnR
mZi AbveZ nIqvi fq _vK bv| GQvov Kvgxm ev Rvgv cwiwnZ Aevq Pjvdiv I Kg Kiv mnR nq| evnZ G KviYB
.a
ivm~jjy v n Kvgxm ev Rvgv cwiavb Kiv ewk cQ` KiZb|483

wewfb nv`xm ewYZ nqQ h, Kvgxm cwiwnZ AevZB ivm~jyjv n BKvj Kib| G _K Avgiv eySZ
w
cvwi h, wZwb kqbi mgq, Nii ga ev cwievii ga Aevb KvjI Kvgxm cwiavb KiZb| eyivB`v (iv) ejb,
w

ivm~jjy v n -Gi BKvji ci mvnvexMY hLb Zuvi Mvmji eev KiwQjb, ZLb wfZi _K GKRb ejb:
ivm~jjy v n Gi kixi _K Zuvi Kvgxm Lyje bv| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|484
Avqkv (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n -Gi BKvji ci Zuvi Mvmji welq mvnvexMY wavq wbcwZZ nb| KD ejb,
hfve Abvb gZewi `n _K IdvZi mgqi cvkvK Lyj Avgiv Mvmj KivB, mfveB ivm~jjy v n -K Mvmj
KivZ ne| ZLb Avjvn mgeZ mKjK Z`vQb Kib| GgZvevq Nii cv _K KD ejb:

Contents

Zvgiv wK Rvb bv h, ivm~jjy vn -K Zuvi cvkvK cwiwnZ Aevq Mvmj KivZ ne? ZLb mKj ZuvK
Zuvi cwiavbi Kvgxm cwiwnZ Aevq Mvmj Kivb| Kvgxmi DciB cvwb Xj Nl aZ Kib| nv`xmwUi mb`
mnxn|485
Avyjv n Beby Avevm (iv) _K ewYZ :

ivm~jjy v n -K wZwbwU Kvco `vdb Kiv nq: h Kvgxm (Rvgv) cwiwnZ Aevq wZwb BKvj Kib mB Rvgv
I bvRivbx GKRvov Kvco: Bhvi I Pvì| nv`xmwUi mb` `yej |486
ivm~jjy v n wbRi cwiwnZ Kvgxm eiKZi Rb AbìK c`vb KiQb ej wewfb nv`xm ewYZ nqQ| Beby
Dgvi (iv) ejb:

) (

om

(gybvwdK bZv) Avyjvn Beby DevB Beby mvj~ji gZz i ci Zvi cy Avyjv n Beby Avyjv n ivm~j jy v n -Gi
.c
wbKU Gm Zuvi (ivm~jjy v n -Gi) KvgxmwU ZvK c`vb Kivi Rb Abyiva Kib, hb wZwb D Kvgxm Zuvi wcZvi
st
Kvdb wnmve eenvi KiZ cvib| ivm~jjy v n Zvi Ave`b iv Ki ZvK Zuvi RvgvwU c`vb Kib|487
tru
eyLvix-gymwjg msKwjZ Ab nv`xm Rvwei Beby Avyjv n (iv) ejb:

h
.

na
(gybvwdK bZv) Avyjvn Beby DevBGi gZz i ci ZvK Kei ivLvi ci ivm~jjy v n Zvi wbKU AvMgb
un
Kib| wZwb gZ`n Kei _K ei Kivi wb`k `b| Zuv i wb`k Abymvi gZ`n Kei _K ei Kiv nq Ges Zuvi
gyeviK `yB nuvUzi Dci ivLv nq| wZwb gZ`ni Dci duK y c`vb Kib Ges ZvK Zuvi KvgxmwU cwiq `b| 488
ss
3. 3. 2. Rvgvi weeiY, `N I Avwbi `N

.a
AZ `yej mb` Ave~ `vi`v (iv) _K ewYZ nqQ:

w
ivm~jyjv n -Gi GKwU gvB Kvgxm wQj|489

w
nv`xmwUi GKgv eYbvKvix mvC` Beby gvBmvivn wg_v nv`xm evwbq ejZb ej Bgvg eyLvix I Abvb gynvwm
w
DjL KiQb| 490 KvRB nv`xmwU evbvqvU chvqi ev GKeviB AMnYhvM|

Abvb mnxn I hqxd nv`xmi AvjvK gb nq, ivm~jyjv n wewfb cKvii Kvgxm cwiavb KiZb| KvbvwUi Szj
wQj UvLby ch| KvbvwU wKQyUv LvU nuvUzi wbg ch wQj| KvbvwUi nvZv wQj nvZi Avyji cv ch| KvbvwUi nvZv
wKQyUv QvU Ges Kw ch wQj|
Avyjv n Beby Avevm (iv) ejb,

bexRx () GKwU Kvgxm cwiavb Kib hvi Szj wQj Zuvi UvLbyqi Dci ch Ges Zvi nvZv nvZi Avyj
Contents

ch wQj| nv`xmwUi mb` mvgwMK wePvi MnYhvM|491
G A_ BZvc~e GKwU nv`xm Avgiv `LwQ h, Dgvi (iv) bZzb Rvgv cwiavb Ki Rvgvi Avwbq Avyji
cv ch iL AwZwi Ask KU djb Ges ejb, wZwb ivm~jjy v n -K Gic KiZ `LQb|
Avmvgv webZz Bqvwh` (iv) ejb,
][
ivm~jyjv n Gi Rvgvi nvZv Kw ch wQj| nv`xmwU nvmvb|492
G A_ Avbvm Beby gvwjK (iv) _KI GKwU nv`xm mnxn mb` ewYZ nqQ|493
Avyjv n Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb,

`vBweqvi w`b ivm~jjy v n -Gi Mvq GKwU mywZ Kvgxm, GKwU gvUv Ryev, GKwU Pvì I GKwU Zievix wQj|
nv`xmwUi mb` `yej|494
Avbvm Beby gvwjK (iv) ejb :
om
] [
ivm~jyjv n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvgi GKwU LvU Szj I LvU nvZv mywZ Kvgxm wQj| nv`xmwUi mb` `yej |495
.c
Dcii KqKwU nv`xm `LwQ h, ivm~jjy v n -Gi Rvgvi Szj wQj UvLby ch Ges Rvgvi nvZv wQj nvZi
st
Avyji cv ch| Zvnj G nv`xm LvU Szj I LvU nvZv ejZ Kx eySvbv nqQ?
tru
G nv`xmwUi mb` `yej | Avgiv Rvwb h, G cKvii nv`xmi Dci wbfi Ki Kvbv wmv MnY Kiv hvq bv| Zvi
ciI Gi A_ AvjvPbv KiQb gynvwmMY| gynvwmMY ejb h, GLvb LvU nvZv ejZ Kw ch nvZv eySvbv nqQ|
Rvgvi nvZvi `Ni welq `yB cKvi eYbv AvQ: Avyji cv ch I Kw ch| G nv`xmwUK Zuviv wZxq eYbvi mgv_K
h
ej gb KiQb| A_vr j^v nvZv ejZ Avyj XvKv nvZv I LvU nvZv ejZ Kw ch nvZv eySvbv nqQ|496
na
wZxh ck, G nv`xm LvU Szj ejZ wK eySvbv nQ? cieZx AvjvPbvq Avgiv `LZ cve h, AbK mgq
ZrKvjxb AvieMY Kvgxmi wbP Kvbv cvRvgv ev jyw bv ci ay GKwU Kvgxm cwiavb KiB Pjvdiv I mvjvZ Av`vq
un
KiZb| GZ ^fveZB eySv hvq h Rvgv ev Kvgxmi Szj LvU nj Zv mevevq nuvUzi wKQyUv wbP _vKZ| GZ gb nq,
ivm~jjy v n -Gi Rvgvi Szj KLbv UvLby -i Dci ch _vKZ Ges KLbv wKQyUv Dci nuvUzi wKQy wbP ch Zvi Szj
ss
_vKZ| AvjvnB fvj Rvbb|

.a
mvnvex-ZvweqxMYi hyMi weeiY _KI eySv hvq h, Rvgvi Szj mvaviYZ UvLby ev Mvovwji MvU ch _vKZ| Kviv
Kviv Kvgxm ev Rvgvi Szj wbmd mvK ch _vKZ| mvnvex Avyjv n Beby Dgvi (73 wn), Zvweqx Beivnxg bvLqx (97 wn),
w
Dgvi Beby Avyj Avhxh (101 wn), Kvwmg Beby gynvv` Beby Ave~ evKi (106 wn) cgyLi Kvgxmi Szj UvLby ch _vKZ ej
w
ewYZ nqQ| Aciw`K mvnvex Avbvm Beby gvwjK (92 wn) I Abvbi Rvgvi Szj wbmd mvK ch wQj ej ewYZ nqQ|497
ivm~jjy v n -Gi ev mvnvex-Zvweqxì hyM Gi Pq QvU Szji Kvgxm ev Rvgv eenvi Kiv nZv ej Kvbv
w
eYbv Avgvi PvL cowb| Ze eyLvix I gymwjgi GKwU nv`xm _K eySv hvq h, h Kvbv cKvii Rvgv, Zv eyK
ch njI ZvK Kvgxm ejv nZv| Ave~ mvC` Lyìx (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb:

: )

(
Contents
.

Avwg Nyw gq wQjvg| GgZvevq ^c AvgvK gvbylì Kvgxm ev Rvgv cwiwnZ `Lvbv njv| Zvì Kviv
Kvgxm b ev eyK ch, Kviv Kvgxm Aviv wbP Szj iqQ| (nvKxg wZiwghxi eYbvq: Kviv Kvgxm bvwf ch, Kviv
nuvUz ch I Kvbv wbmd mvK ch| ) Gici Dgvi Avmjb| Zvi Kvgxm gvwU ch Szj coQ| mvnvexMY ejjb: n
Avjvni ivm~j, Avcwb G ^ci evLv Kijb wKfve? wZwb ejb: Avwg Gi viv `xb eySjvg| (Kvgxm ev Rvgv `xbi
cZxK wnmve `Lvbv nqQ| h `xb cvjb hZ my`p I hvi `xb`vix hZ c~Y Zvi Kvgxm ZZ eo `Lvbv nqQ|)498
G nv`xm Avgiv `LwQ h, Kvgxm eyK ch ev bvwf chI nZ cvi| Ze G cKvii Kvgxm eenvii cPjb
Zuvì ga wQj ej Kvbv eYbv Avgiv `LZ cvB wb|
3. 3. 3. Rvgvi evZvg
wewfb nv`xmi AvjvK cZxqgvb nq h, ivm~jjy v n -Gi Rvgvi evZvg wQj, Ze wZwb mvaviYZ evZvg jvMvZb
bv| G welq `ywU nv`xm Avgiv BZvc~e `LwQ| GK nv`xm Zvweqx hvB` web Avmjvg ejb: Avwg Beby Dgvi (iv)-K
`Ljvg Rvgvi evZvgwj Lyj mvjvZ Av`vq KiQb| Avwg G welq ZuvK wRvmv Kij wZwb ejb: Avwg bexRx -K
Gfve mvjvZ Av`vq KiZ `LwQ|
Ab nv`xm Kziiv Beb Bqvm ejQb: Avwg gyhvBbvn Mvi GKwU cwZwbwa`ji mv_ ivm~jjy v n -Gi wbKU
om
AvMgb Kijvg Ges Zuvi KvQ evBqvZ MnY Kijvg| Gmgq Zuvi Kvgxmi evZvgwj Lvjv wQj|...
G mKj nv`xm ejv nqQ h, Zuvi Rvgvi evZvgwj Lvjv wQj| G _K gb nq h, ivm~jjy v n -Gi
.c
Kvgxm ev Rvgvi wZb ev ZZvwaK evZvg wQj| wZwb G mKj evZvgi Kvbv evZvgB jvMvZb bv| dj Rvgvi Mjvi
wcVi w`K _K Rvgvi wfZi nvZ cek Kwiq wcVi gvni beyqZ k Kiv mnR wQj|
st
G A_ Aviv nv`xm ewYZ nqQ, hwj _K Avgiv RvbZ cvwi h, ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg
tru
Rvgvi evZvg Lvjv Aevq eenvi KiZb Ges GfveB mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb| cieZx Kvj AbK mvnvex I Zvweqx
Gfve Rvgvi evZvg me`v Lyj ivLZb Ges GfveB evZvg Lvjv Aevq mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb| 499
G mKj nv`xm ( ) , A_vr evZvgwj Lvjv ev Abyic k eenvi Kiv
h
na
nqQ| G_K eySv hvq h Zuvì Rvgvi GKvwaK evZvg wQj, wK Zuviv Zv jvMvZb bv|
Avjvgv gynvv` Beby BDm~d kvgx DjL KiQb h, GKwU eYbvq `Lv hvq, ivm~jjy v n -Gi Rvgvi evZvg
un
500
wQj bv| Avgvi wbKU nv`xm I mxivZ welqK hZ M iqQ mwjZ AbK LuyRI Avwg G eYbvwU `LZ cvB wb|
Ze Dcii nv`xmwji evLvq Kvbv Kvbv Avwjg ejQb h, evZvgwj Lvjv wQj A_ Zvi Rvgv evZvg-gy ev
ss
evZvg-wenxb wQj|501
Aciw`K Bgvg Mvhvjx (505wn) wjLQb:
.a
Zuvi Kvgxm ev Rvgvi evZvgwj jvMvbv _vKZ| KLbv KLbv wZwb mvjvZ I mvjvZi evBi evZvgwj Lyj
w
ivLZb|502
w
Zuvi evZvgwj Lyj ivLvi welq Avgiv GKvwaK nv`xm BZvc~e `LwQ| wK evZvg jvwMq ivLvi welq
Kvbv mb`mn eYbv Avgvi `wMvPi nq wb| gnvb AvjvnB fvj Rvbb|
3. 3. 4. Rvgvi mv_ jyw, cvRvgv ev Pvì eenvi
Avgvì gb ck RvMZ cvi h, ivm~jyjv n wbR ev Zuvi mvnvexMY Kvgxm ev Rvgvi mv_ Ab wKQy cwiavb
KiZb wKbv? Avgiv Rvwb h, Zuviv Bhvi ev jywi mv_ wi`v ev Pvì cwiavb KiZb| `yB c Kvco kixii wbvsk I Eavsk
AveZ nq| Rvgv ev Kvgxm j^v nj GKwU KvgxmB Bhvi I Pvìi Dk mvwaZ nZ cvi| Zvnj G Kvgxm ev Rvgvi
mv_ Zuviv jyw ev cvRvgv cwiavb KiZb wKbv?
cieZx AvjvPbvq Avgiv `LZ cve h, ivm~jyjv n wbR KLbv cvRvgv cwiavb KiQb ej Kvbv nv`xm
DjL bB| Ze wZwb Rvgv ev Kvgxmi wbP jyw ev cvRvgv cwiavb KiZb ej gb nq|
Contents

Dcii KqKwU nv`xm Avgiv `LwQ h, ivm~jjy v n Rvgvi evZvg Lyj ivLZb Ges mB Aevq mvjvZ
Av`vq KiZb| G _K gb nq h, wZwb Zuvi Rvgvi wbP jyw ev cvRvgv cwiavb KiZb| KviY Ab GKwU mnxn nv`xm
_K Avgiv RbwQ h, Rvgvi wbP Ab Kvbv cvkvK bv _vKj Rvgvi evZvg jvMvZ ne| G _K Avgiv Avgiv
Abygvb KiZ cvwi h, meZ ivm~jjy v n I mvnvexMY me nj Rvgvi wbP jyw ev cvRvgv cwiavb KiZb Ges mRb
Rvgvi evZvg Lvjv ivLZb|
BZvc~e AvjvwPZ GKwU nv`xm Avgiv G welq Dgvii (iv) gZvgZ RvbZ ciwQ| Avgiv `LwQ, D
nv`xm Ave~ ivBiv (iv) ejb: GKew bexRx ()-K ck Ki ay GKwU Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv mK| wZwb
ejb: Zvgvì mKji wK `yw U Kvco AvQ? Gici Dgvii (iv) kvmbvgj GKew ZuvK G ck Ki| wZwb Di
ejb: Avjvn hLb ckZv `vb KiQb, ZLb ZvgivI ckZv Aej^b Ki| ewi DwPZ Zvi Kvco GK cwiavb Ki
mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv: Bhvii mv_ Pvì, Bhvii mv_ Kvgxm ev Bhvii mv_ Kvev cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv| A_ev
cvRvgvi mv_ Pvì, cvRvgvi mv_ Kvgxm ev cvRvgvi mv_ Kvev cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv| A_ev Zzevb ev nvd
cvUi mv_ Kvev ev nvd cvUi mv_ Kvgxm cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv DwPZ| Ave~ ivBiv (iv) ejb: Dgvi (iv)
meZ Aviv ejb: A_ev nvd cUi mv_ Pvì cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv DwPZ|
G nv`xm kixii Eavski Rb wZb cKvii cvkvK: Pvì, Rvgv I KvZv Ges wbvski Rb wZb cKvii
cvkvK: Lvjv jyw, cvRvgv I nvd cvUi K_v DjL Kiv nqQ| me nj mvjvZi ga Kvgxm ev Rvgvi mv_ jyw,
om
cvRvgv ev nvd-cvU cwiavb KiZ Drmvn c`vb Kiv nqQ| Gfve Avgiv eySZ cviwQ h, Kvgxm ev Rvgvi mv_ jyw,
eo cvRvgv, nvd cvRvgv civi cPjb Zuvì ga wQj|
GKwU `yej mbì nv`xm Kvgxmi mv_ jyw civi wb`kbv cvIqv hvq| Avyjv n Beby Avgi (iv) ewYZ nv`xm
.c
ejv nqQ:
st

tru
wbP Bhvi (jyw) bv ci ay Kvgxm (Rvgv) ci evRvi ev gmwR` Pjvdiv Kie bv| nv`xmwUi mb` LyeB
`yej |503
h
ivm~jjy v n Kvgxmi mv_ Pvì cwiavb KiZb ej Rvbv hvq| hvB` Beby mvbvn (iv) Zuvi Bmjvg MnYi NUbvi `xN
na
nv`xmi ga ejb:
un

Avwg ivm~jjy v n Gi Rvgv I Pvì GK ai Uvb w`jvg| nv`xmwUi mb` MnYhvM|504
ss
ivm~jjy v n jyw, Rvgv I Pvì wZb cKvi Kvco GK cwiavb KiQb ej GKwU `yej mb` ewYZ nv`xm
.a
_K Rvbv hvq| Bgvg myjvBgvb Beby Avng` AvZ-Zvevivbx (g 360 wn) Zvi gymbv`yk kvwgqxb M AZ `yej mb`
nv`xmwU msKwjZ KiQb| gvmjvgvn Beby Avjx (190 wn) bvgK GKRb AZ `yej I cwiZ nv`xm eYbvKvix ejb,
w
(cwm Zvweqx) nvixh Beby Dmgvb (163 wn) AvgvK ejb, Avgiv Avyjv n Beby eymi Avj-gvwhbxi (96wn) wbKU hq
w
ZvK ck Kwi: ivm~jjy v n -Gi cvkvK Kgb wQj: wZwb ejb:

w

Zuvi Bhvi _vKZ Mvovwji MvUi (UvLbyi) Dci, Avi Kvgxm (Rvgv) _vKZ Zvi Dci Ges Pvì Kvgxmi
505
Dci|
nv`xmwUi mb` AZ `yej | mvnvex Avyjv n Beby eymi (iv) _K Ges Zvweqx nvixh Beby Dmgvb _K AbK gynvwm
AbK nv`xm eYbv KiQb| wK G nv`xmwU Dciv gvmjvgvn bvgK ew Qvov KD eYbv Kib wb| gynvwmMY Zzjbvg~jK
wbixvi gvag `LQb h, gvmjvgvni ewYZ mKj nv`xmB fyj I wewZvq fiv| GRb G nv`xmwUI Zvi BQvKZ ev
AwbQvKZ fyj I weKZ eYbv ejB gb nq|506
mvnvexMYI Gfve Kvgxm ev Rvgvi mv_ jyw I Pvì DfqB cwiavb KiZb ej Rvbv hvq| Aveyj gyZvIqvwj
ejb :
Contents

wZwb Avyjv n Beby DgviK (iv) `Lb, Zuvi Bhvi ev jyw wQj cvqi bjvi gvSvgvwS ch, Zuvi Rvgv AviKUz
Dci Ges Zuvi Pvì Rvgvi Dci wQj| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|507
mvnvex I ZvweqxMYi ga Gfve wZbc Kvco GK cwiab Kivi cPjb wQj ej Aviv AbK eYbv iqQ|
Zuviv jyw ciZb cvqi gvSvgvwS ev UvLbyi Dci ch Szwjq| Rvgvi Szj _vKZ jywi mvgvb Dci| Avi Gi Dci Zuviv
Pvì cwiavb KiZb|508
ivm~jjy v n -Gi Gi hyM gwnjvMYI Kvgxm ev Rvgvi mv_ Bhvi ev Lvjv jyw cwiavb KiZb e j nv`xm _K
Rvbv hvq| Bbkv Avjvn, cieZx Aavq Avgiv G welq AvjvPbv Kie|
mvnvexMY Rvgvi mv_ cvRvgv ciZb ej Rvbv hvq| byAvBg Beby Avyjvn ejb,

om
Avwg GKw`b Ave~ ivBivi (iv) mv_ gmwRì Qvì Dci DVjvg, ZLb Zuvi ciY wQj Rvgv I Rvgvi wbP
cvRvgv| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|509
Ave~ ing Avm-mvgqx ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb:
.c

st
cvRvgvi c~e Rvgv cwiavb Kiv bexMYi cvkvK eenvi cwZi Afy|
tru
nv`xmwUi mb` wKQz `yejZv AvQ, Ze Avjv gv nvBmvgx nv`xmwUK gvUvgywU MnYhvM ej DjL KiQb| 510
nv`xmwU _K Avgiv Rvgv ev Kvgxmi dhxjZ eySZ cvwi| mv_ mv_ Rvgvi mv_ cvRvgv cwiavbi cPjbi welq
h
Rvbv hvq|
na
3. 3. 5. Kvgxm welqK nv`xmwji cwZcv`

K. ivm~jjy v n -Gi mgq Avieì ga Kvgxm A_vr Rvgv ev wcinvbi cPjb jyw-Pvìi Ph Kg wQj|
un
Ze cPjb AcvKZ Kg njI cQì w`K _K Kvgxmi eenvi ivm~jjy v n ewk fvjevmZb| Gfve nv`xm
viv Kvgxm cwiavbi dhxjZ cgvwYZ nq, jyw-Pvìi G aibi Kvbv dhxjZ ewYZ nq wb|
ss
L. kixii Rb KU I mjvB Ki evbvbv h Kvbv Rvgv AviexZ Kvgxm ej cwiwPZ| ivm~jjy v n I

mvnvexMYi eeZ Rvgv Avgvì `k cPwjZ wcinvb RvZxq wQj| Rvgvi Szj wbmd mvK ev UvLbyi Dci ch wQj| Rvgvi
.a
nvZv wQj KewR ev Avyji gv_v ch|

w
M. Rvgvi mvgbi w`K m~Y Lvjv nj ZvK mvaviYZ AviexZ Kvgxm ejv nq bv| ZvK Kvev (KvZv), Ryev
w
BZvw` bvg AwfwnZ Kiv nq| Kvgxmi Mjvi KvQ wKQzUv vb KU Lvjv ivLv nq cwiavbi Rb| G vb mvaviYZ evZvg
eenvi Kiv nZv| wewfb nv`xm _K Rvbv hvq h, Zuvì Rvgvq GKvwaK evZvg _vKZ| Ze Zuviv AbK mgq evZvg
w
jvMvZb bv ej Avgiv `LwQ| evZvgwenxb Rvgv Zuviv eenvi KiQb ej KD KD DjL KiQb| AvjvnB fvj Rvbb|
N. ZrKvjxb hyM Kvgxm ev Rvgv cwiavb Kij Zvi mv_ cvRvgv, jyw ev nvdcvU cwiavbi cPjb wQj, Ze Zv
meRbxb wQj bv| AbKB ay GKwU Rvgv cwiavb KiB Pjvdiv I mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb| Rvgvi Dci ev wbP Kvbv wKQzB
Zviv ciZb bv| Avevi AbK Rvgvi mv_ jyw I Pvì cwiavb KiZb| KD KD Rvgvi mv_ cvRvgv cwiavb KiZb|
ivm~jjy v n wbR Rvgvi wbP jyw ev cvRvgv ciQb wKbv Zv Kvbv mnxn nv`xm ewYZ nq wb| `y-GKwU `yej nv`xm
Rvgvi mv_ Ab cvkvK eenvi Drmvn c`vb Kiv nqQ|
3. 4. cvRvgv
AviweZ eeZ ( )mvivexj ev wmiIqvj kwU g~jZ dvimx fvlv _K MnxZ| kvwKfve wmiIqvj
ev mvivexj ejZ mjvqvi, cvRvgv, cvU BZvw` cvkvK evSvbv nq, hwj kixii wbvsk AveZ Kivi Rb weklfve
Contents

Zwi Kiv nq Ges `yB cv c_Kfve AveZ Kiv nq| BsiwRZ (trousers, pants, panties)511
3. 4. 1. jywi Pq cvRvgvi eenvi Kg wQj
RvwnwjqvZi hyM _KB cvRvgv Avieì ga cPwjZ I cwiwPZ wQj| bvg _K Abygvb Kiv nq h,
mvivexj ev cvRvgvi eenvi cvim I Abvb RvwZ _K Avieì ga cPwjZ nqQ| GRb Kvbv Kvbv mvnvex
cvRvgvi cwieZ Aviexq Bhvi ev Lvjv jyw cwiavb KivK Dg gb KiZb Ges Drmvn c`vb KiZb| BZvc~e G
welq Dgvi (iv)-Gi gZvgZ m^wjZ nv`xm Avgiv DjL KiwQ, hLvb wZwb cvRvgvi cwieZ Bhvi ev mjvBwenxb jyw
cwiavb Drmvn c`vb KiQb|
G _K gb nq, cvRvgvi eenvi Avieì ga cPwjZ _vKjI Zuvì KD KD cvRvgvi Pq Bhvi ev jywi
eenvi ewk cQ` KiZb| GgbwK Kvbv Kvbv mvnvex Rxeb KLbv cvRvgv cibwb ej Rvbv hvq| Ljxdv Dmgvb
Beby Avddvbi (iv) Lv`g Ave~ mvC` gymwjg Zuvi kvnv`Zi w`bi eYbv cm ejb:

om
wZwb 20 Rb xZ`vmK gyw `vb Kib| GKwU cvRvgv Pq bb Ges gReyZ Ki Zv cwiavb Kib| wZwb
Zuvi Rxeb, Bmjvg MnYi AvM ev ci KLbv mjvqvi ev cvRvgv cib wb| (wbnZ nj gZ`ni mZi AbveZ nZ
cvi fq wZwb cvRvgv cwiavb Kib|) wZwb ejb: MZ ivZ Avwg ivm~jjy v n , Ave~ eKi (iv) I DgviK (iv) ^c
.c
`LwQ, Zuviv ejQb: Zzwg ah aviY Ki; AvMvgxKvj Zzwg Avgvì mv_ mKvji Lv` MnY Kie| Gici wZwb KziAvb
st
Kvixg Pq wbq Lyj coZ i Kib| KziAvbi mvgbB ZvK knx` Kiv nq| eYbvwUi mb` mnxn|512
tru
Aciw`K mvnvex-ZvweqxMYi KD KD cvRvgvK ewk cQ` KiZb, KviY Zv mZi AveZ Kivi Rb ewk
DchvMx| Zvweqxì hyMi KD KD ejZb h, Avie I B`x RvwZi c~e cyil Beivnxg (Av) mec_g cvRvgv cwiavb
Kib|513
h
na
3. 4. 2. cvRvgv eenvii evcKZv

Kvbv Kvbv mvnvex KZK cvRvgv cwiavbi Pq Bhvi cwiavb ewk cQ` Kivi A_ G bq h, cvRvgvi eenvi
un
ivm~jjy v n -Gi mgq wQj bv ev AcQ`bxq wQj| ivm~jjy v n I mvnvexMYi hyM cvRvgvi cPjb wQj| Ze Zv
Bhvii Pq Kg eeZ nZv| kixii wbvsk AveZ Kivi Rb BhviB wQj cavb cvkvK| Ze Zvi cvkvcvwk cvRvgv ev
ss
mjvqvii eenvi mycwiwPZ wQj| nv`xm kixd AMwYZ vb mvivexj ev cvRvgvi DjL _KB G K_v eySv hvq|
ni mgq n cvjbKvix cyil I bvix wK cvkvK cwiavb Kieb I wK cvkvK cwiavb Kieb bv m welqK AbK
.a
mnxn nv`xm nv`xmM wjZ msKwjZ nqQ| G mKj nv`xm ejv nqQ, n ev Dgivi BnivgKvix cyil mvivexj ev
w
cvRvgv cwiavb Kie bv| Ze hw` m Bhvi ev Lvjv jyw bv cvq Zvnj cvRvgv ciZ cvi| Avi gwnjviv Bnivg Aev q
cvRvgv cwiavb KiZ cvieb| G mKj nv`xm m hyM cvRvgvi evcK cPjb cgvY Ki|514
w
BZvc~e Avgiv `LwQ h, GKwU nv`xm cvRvgvi Dci Pvì bv ci, ay cvRvgv ci mvjvZ Av`vq KiZ wbla Kiv
w
nqQ| G _KI eySv hvq h, cvRvgvi cPjb ivm~jyjv n Gi mgmvgwqK Avieì ga evcK wQj| GgbwK ay cvRvgv
cwiavb Ki Pjvdivi Afvm Zvì wQj| GRb wZwb ay cvRvgv ci mvjvZ Av`vq KiZ wbla KiQb|
3. 4. 3. ivm~jyjv n KZK cvRvgv q

ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg cvRvgv q KiQb ej mnxn nv`xm ewYZ nqQ| myIqvB` Beby KvBm
(iv) ejb,
] [

Contents
: .

:

.

Avwg I gvLivKv Ave`x `yRb wKQy Kvco wbq weqi Rb gvq GmwQjvg| (n gmyg Avgiv hLb wgbvq
iqwQ ZLb) ivm~jjy vn Avgvì wbKU AvMgb Kib Ges GKwU cvRvgv `vgì Ki q Kib| Avgvì KvQ GKRb
IRb`vi g~j wnmve c` è IRb Ki eyS wbwQj| wZwb ZvK ejb: mwVKfve IRb Ki Ges evwoq `vI| (wZwb
cvRvgvwUi g~j wnmve c` è wbavwiZ cwigvYi Pq GKwU ewk c`vb Kib|) Ab eYbvq myIqvB` ejb: wnRiZi
c~eB Avwg ivm~jjy v n -Gi wbKU GKwU cvRvgv weq KiwQjvg|515
3. 4. 4. ivm~jyjv n KZK cvRvgv cwiavb
Dcii nv`xm _K evnZ eySv hvq h, ivm~jjy v n wbR cvRvgv cwiavb KiZb Ges wbRi eenvii RbB wZwb
Zv q KiwQjb|516 Ze G welq Kvbv mnxn nv`xm cvIqv hvq bv| wZwb cvRvgv ciQb ej GKwU AwbfihvM
eYbv cvIqv hvq| nv`xmwUZ Ave~ ivBiv (iv) _K ewYZ nqQ h, wZwb ivm~jjy v n -K cvRvgv q KiZ `L
ZuvK ck Kib h, wZwb cvRvgv cwiavb Kib wKbv| wZwb Di ejb:
.
om
nuv, evwoZ Aevbi mgq I mdii mgq, ivZ Ges w`b (me`v); KviY AvgvK mZi AveZ Kivi wb`k
Ìqv nqQ Ges cvRvgvi Pq fvj AveiY Avwg Avi cvB wb|517
.c
wZxq wnRix kZKi GK ivex BDm~d Beby whqv` Ave~ Avyjv n evmix G nv`xmwU eYbv KiQb| wZwb `vwe Kib h,
st
Zvi Dv` Avyi ivngvb Beyb whqv` AvdixKx ZvK G nv`xmwU wbqQb| Bgvg eyLvix, `vivKzZbx, bvmvC, Beby wnevb I
tru
Abvb gynvwm G ewK wg_v I Dvcvv nv`xm eYbvKvix ej wPwZ KiQb| Zuvi Dv` AvdixKx wg_v nvmxm evbvZb
I cPvi KiZb ej cwm| GRb G nv`xmwUK gynvwmMY AwbfihvM eis gvDh~ ev evbvqvU ej MY KiQb|518
h
G nv`xmwU AwbfihvM njI Dcii mnxn nv`xm _K Avgiv aviYv KiZ cvwi h, wZwb cvRvgv cwiavb
na
KiZb|
gwnjvìK cvRvgv cwiavb Drmvn w`q `y-GKwU `yej nv`xm ewYZ nqQ, hv Avgiv cieZx Aavq AvjvPbv
un
Kie Bbkv Avjvn|

3. 4. 5. eo cvRvgv I QvU cvRvgv
ss
Dci ewYZ GKwU nv`xm Avgiv `yB cKvi mjvqvi ev cvRvgvi K_v RvbZ ciwQ: ( )ev cvRvgv Ges ()
A_vr nvd cvU ev Qv cvRvgv| Avjvgv AvBbx, Bebyj Avmxi cgLy fvlvwe` I evLvKvi wjLQb h, GK weNZ j^v Rvwqv
.a
ev Qv cvRvgvK AviweZ Zyevb ejv nq, hv ay ( ) ev jvvb AveZ Ki| RvnvRi bvweK ev kwgKì ga
Gi cPjb Lye ewk wQj| Ze wewfb gymwjg mgvR GwjK GKUz j^v Ki nuvUz ch Szwjq bIqvi cPjb wQj I AvQ|519
w
Dy `vi`v (iv) ejb,

w

mvjgvb dvimx (iv) gv`vBb (Bivb) _K wmwiqv Gm Avgvì mv_ `Lv Kib, m mgq Zuvi ciY wQj eo
Pvì I MvUvbv (nuvUz XvKv) cvRvgv| nv`xmwU nvmvb ev MnYhvM|520
(wmiIqvj) ^vfvweK eo cvRvgvi `N, c I eenvi mK Kvbv wek` weeiY nv`xm cvIqv hvq bv| h
Kvbv cKvii cvRvgv, cv ev mjvqvi RvZxq cvkvKB fvlvMZfve wmiIqvj ej MY ne Ges G mKj nv`xmi
wb`kbvi Afy ne, hZY bv Zv Ab Kvbv w`K _K Bmjvgx weavbi evBi hvq|
mywZ nvK, ckwg nvK ev Ab Kvbv Kvcvoi Zwi, Kvgi ewk ck nvK ev Kg ck nvK, cvqi KvQ
Contents

ewk ck nvK ev Kg ck nvK, Kvgi wdZv jvMvbv nvK, ievi jvMvbv nvK ev e jvMvbv nvK, mv`v, Kvjv ev
Ab Kvbv iOi nvK meB cwifvlvMZ- fve wmiIqvj ev cvRvgv ej MY ne Ges Dcii nv`xmwji wb`wkZ
weavbi Afy ej MY ne|
Aciw`K hw` Kvbv cKvi wmiIqvj dvkb ev cwZi w`K _K Kvbv Agymwjg mc`vqi mv_ wbw` nq, ewk
cvZjv ev AvUmuvU nq, mZi cKvkK nq ev UvLbyi wbP cwiwnZ nq Zvnj Zv wbwl ne|521
3. 4. 6. em ev ùvwoq cvRvgv cwiavb
Bmjvgx Avè welqK Kvbv Kvbv M em cvRvgv cwiavb Kiv I ùvwoq cvMwo cwiavb Kiv mybv Z ev Avè ej
DjL Kiv nqQ| G welq Kvbv mnxn ev hqxd nv`xm Avgvi bRi co wb| Avwg AbK Pv KiI G welq Kvbv nv`xm
LyR cvB wb| welqwU cieZx hyMi Avwjgì gZvgZ ejB gb nq| AvjvnB fvj Rvbb|522
3. 4. 7. cvRvgv welqK nv`xmwji cwZcv`
K. ivm~jjy v n -Gi mgq bvix-cyil mKjB Bhvi ev Lvjv jywi cvkvcvwk kixii wbgvsk AveZ Kivi Rb
cvRvgv cwiavb KiZb| Ze cvRvgvi eenvi j~w& i Ph Kg wQj|
L. ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg wbR mvaviYZ Bhvi ev jyw cwiavb KiZb| wZwb cvRvgv cwiavb
KiQb ej ic Kvbv mnxn nv`xm ewYZ bv njI wZwb cvRvgv q KiQb ej mnxn nv`xm ewYZ| Avi
om
cwiavbi RbB q Kiv nq|
M. cvRvgvi mv_ kixii DcwifvMi Rb wcinvb RvZxq Rvgv, eyK Lvjv KvZv RvZxq QvU Rvgv ev Pvì
cwiavbi cPjb wQj|
.c
N. cvRvgv cwiavbi dhxjZ Kvbv mnxn nv`xm ewYZ nq wb| cvRvgv cwiavb Drmvn c`vb Ki, weklZ
st
gwnjvì cvRvgv cwiavb Drmvn c`vb Ki 2/1 wU AZ `yej nv`xm ewYZ nqQ, hwji Dci wbfi Kiv hvq bv|
Ze mvnvex-ZvweqxMYi hyM AbK cvRvgv cQ` KiZb KviY Zv mZi AveZ Kivi ewk DchvMx|
tru
O. cvRvgv cwiavb cwZ mK nv`xm Kvbvic wb`k cvIqv hvq bv| KvRB ùvwoq ev em h Kvbv fve
cvRvgv cwiavb Kiv hZ cvi| G welq Kvbv GKwU AevK mybv Z ev Avè gb Kiv wfwnxb ejB gb nq|
h
P. nuvUz ch QvU cvRvgv I UvLby ch eo cvRvgv cPwjZ wQj| Kvco, iO, AvKwZ, mjvB cwZ BZvw` welq
na
Kvbv aiveuvav wbqg nv`xm c`vb Kiv nq wb| KvRB G mKj welq gymwjgì Rb Dby| kixqZi Abvb
wewaweavbi ga _K cqvRb I cPjb Abymvi eeZ cvRvgv, mjvqvi, cvZjyb BZvw` meB nv`xm ewYZ mvivexj
un
ev cvRvgvi weavbi ga Afy ne|

3. 5. Ryev I KvZv
ss
Dcii 4 cKvi cvkvK kixii Eavsk I wbvsk AveZ Kivi g~j cvkvK, hv mvaviYZ kixii mv_B eenvi
.a
Kiv nq| wbvski Rb Bhvi I cvRvgv Ges Eavski Rb Pvì I Rvgv|

GQvov AbK cvkvK AvQ hv g~j cvkvKi Dci cwiavb Kiv nq Ges BQv Kij ev cqvRb nj mivmwi Mvqi
w
Dci Pvcvbv hvq| Gwji AbZg Ryev I Kvev ev KvZv| eyK Lvjv nvZvIqvjv ck ewniveYK (MvDb) AviexZ Ryev ejv
w
nq, hv mvaviYZ g~j cvkvK A_vr Rvgv ev Pvìi Dci cwiavb Kiv nq|523 KvevI GK cKvi Ryev ev KvZv hv mvaviYZ g~j
cvkvKi Dci civ nq Ges mvgb A_ev wcQb m~Y Lvjv _vK| KvevK AviweZ ( )ev KvZvI ejv nq|524
w
ivm~jjy v n wewfb mgq Ryev ev KzZv cwiavb KiQb ej nv`xm ewYZ nqQ| weklZ RygAvi w`b ev
mvwbZ gngvbì mv_ mvvrKvii Rb wZwb Ryev ev Kvev cwiavb KiZb| KLbv KLbv wZwb ay Ryev cwiavb
KiQb ejI ewYZ nqQ|
gyMxiv Beby ev (iv) ejb :

[ ][ ] ] [

Contents
.

Avwg ivm~jjy v n Gi mv_ GK mdi wQjvg| wZwb AvgvK ejjb: gyMxiv, cvwbi cv jI| Avwg cvwbi cv
nvZ wbjvg| ivm~jjy v n GwMq Avovj Pj Mjb Ges cvKwZK cqvRb cyiY Kijb| Zuvi Mvq wmwiqv ev ivg _K
Avg`vbx Kiv GKwU ckwg Ryev wQj| RyevwUi nvZv`ywU mxY wQj| wZwb Ihyi Kivi Rb RyevwUi nvZv wUq (KbyBqi
Dci Zzj) nvZ ei KiZ PvBjb| wK mxYZvi KviY Zv njv bv| GRb wZwb Ryevi wbP w`q nvZ ei Kijb|
ZLb Avwg Ihyi cvwb Xj w`jvg I wZwb mvjvZi Rb Ihy Kijb|525
Avyj gvwjK Beby Avyjv n ejb,

Avmgv webZz Avex evK&i (iv) ejb: GB ivm~jjy v n -Gi Ryev, G K_v ej wZwb GKwU cvim `kxq kvj
om
RvZxq Ryev ei Ki `Lvb| RyevwUi Kuva-Mjvi KvQ ikgi KvR Kiv Ges Zvi mvgbi Lvjv `yB cv ikgi wdZv
jvMvbv| wZwb ejb: G RyevwU Avqkvi (iv) wbKU wQj| Zvi gZzi ci Avwg wbqwQ| bexRx () GwU cwiavb
KiZb| wZwb RygAvi w`b I evBii cwZwbwaMYi mv_ `Lv Kivi Rb GwU eenvi KiZb| Avgiv G Ryev ayq mB
.c
vi Dk eenvi Kwi|526
cvwb ivMxì myZ
st
Dev`vn Bebym mvwgZ (iv) ejb :

tru

h
na
GKw`b ivm~jjy v n Avgvì KvQ ewiq Avmjb, ZLb Zuvi Mvq ivg (wmwiqv) _K Avbv mxY nvZv GKwU
ckgx Ryev wQj| wZwb ZLb AvgvìK wbq mvjvZ Av`vq Kijb| ZLb Zuvi `n H RyevwU Qvov wKQyB wQj bv|
un
nv`xmwUi mb` `yej |527

DKev Beby Avwgi (iv) ejb,
ss

.a
ivm~jyjv n -K GKwU ikgi Zwi wcQb Lvjv Kvev (KvZv) nvw`qv Ìqv nq| wZwb Zv ci mvjvZ Av`vq
w
Kib| Gici weiwi mv_ Lye Rvi Zv Lyj dj `b| AZtci ejb: gyvKxì DwPZ bq G (ikgi) cvkvK
w
cwiavb Kiv|528
Dcii nv`xmwj _K Avgiv RvbZ cviwQ h, g~j cvkvKi Dci eyK Lvjv eo Ryev, MvDb, KvU, QvU KvU,
KvZv, Qv`wiqv BZvw` eenvii cPjb ivm~jjy v n -Gi hyM wQj| wZwb wbR kxZ _K AvZivi Rb, mvwbZ
gngvbì mvgb Mgbi Rb ev C`, RygAv BZvwì Rb Zv cwiavb KiZb| G mKj cvkvKi Rb wekl dhxjZ-
vcK Kvbv nv`xm Avgvì `wMvPi nqwb|
3. 6. ivm~jyjv n ()-Gi cvkvKi iO
Dci DjL KiwQ h, ivm~jjy v n wewfb iOi cvkvK cwiavb KiZb| wZwb wewfb iOi jyw, wewfb iOi
Pvì I Abvb cvkvK cwiavb KiZb| GLvb DjL h, Dci AvjvwPZ cuvP cKvii cvkvKi ga Pvì I jywi
iO welqK nv`xm ewk ewYZ nqQ| KviY wZwb G cvkvK ewk cwiavb KiZb| GQvov Kvgxmi iO welqKI wKQz nv`xm
Contents

Avgiv `LZ cve|
Pvì I jyw Dfq GKB cKvii I GKB iOi nj ZvK ( )ev Rvov cvkvK (suit) ejv nq| ivm~jjy v n
mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg AbK mgq GKB iOi wewfb Rvov cvkvK cwiavb KiZb| G KvbvKvbv wekl
DjL KiQb h, G mKj iO mvaviY wgwkZ wQj| weklZ Bqvgvbx eyi`v, Pvì I Bhviwj m~Y GKiOv nZv bv| Kvj
myZvi mv_ jvj, meyR ev Ab iOi wgkY _vKZv| h iOi cvavb _vKZv mB iOi Kvco wnmve MY nZv|
3. 6. 1. Kvj iO
mnxn gymwjg msKwjZ nv`xm Avqkv (iv) ejb,

GK mKvj bexRx Ni _K ei njb, ZLb Zuvi ciY wQj Kvj ckgi Zwi GKwU WvivKvUv Kvco|529
Avyjv n Beby hvB` (iv) ejb,

( )
om
ivm~jyjv n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg (GKevi) ewi Rb cv_bv Kib (BmwZmKvi mvjvZ Av`vq Kib)|
ZLb Zuvi Mvq wQj GKwU Kvj (eywU`vi) Pvì| wZwb PvìwU Dwq wbPi w`K Dci w`Z PvBjb| wK Zv fvwi nIqvq
wZwb Kuvai DciB (Wvb w`K evg I evg cv Wvb w`q) Zv Nywiq bb| nv`xmwU mnxn|530
.c
BZvc~e DwjwLZ G welqK GKwU nv`xm Avgiv `LwQ h, Avqkv (iv) ejb, bexRx () GKwU Kvj eyi`v ev
st
Pvì cwiavb Kib| ZLb wZwb ejb: n Avjvni ivm~j, wK myìB bv jvMQ G Kvj PvìwU Avcbvi Mvq| Avcbvi
m`h Gi Kvji mv_ wgjQ Avi Gi Kvj iO Avcbvi kixii Zv ew KiQ| ...
tru
3. 6. 2. meyR iO
h
Avbvm Beby gvwjK (iv) ejb:
na

un
ivm~jyjv n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvgi wbKU mePq cQ`bxq iO wQj meyR iO| nv`xmwU mnxn|531
G nv`xm _K Avgiv RvbZ cvwi h, ivm~jjy v n meyR iO cQ` KiZb| Abvb nv`xm _K Rvbv hvq h,
ss
wZwb meyR eOi cvkvK wbR cwiavb KiZb| Ave~ ivgmvn (iv) ejb,
][
.a
Avwg ivm~jjy v n -K GKRvov meyR Pvì (jyw I Pvì) cwiwnZ Aevq `LwQjvg| nv`xmwU mnxn|532
w
GQvov Aviv GKvwaK eYbvq Rvbv hvq h, wZwb KLbv KLbv meyR jyw I Pvì cwiavb KiZb|533
w
3. 6. 3. mv`v iO
w
Avyjv n Beby Avevm (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb:

Zvgiv mv`v iOi cvkvK cwiavb Kie; KviY mv`v cvkvK mevg cvkvKi Afy| Avi Zvgvì
gZìK mv`v Kvcoi Kvdb cwiavb Kive| nv`xmwU mnxn|534
mv`v cvkvK cwiavbi wb`kbv vcK Aviv wKQy nv`xm Avqkv, Avyjvn Beby Dgvi, mvgyiv Beby Ryb`ye I Abvb
mvnvex (iv) _K wewfb MnYhvM mb` ewYZ nqQ|535 G mKj nv`xm _K Rvbv hvq h, wZwb mv`v cvkvK cQ` KiQb
Contents

Ges Zv eenvi KiZ Drmvn c`vb KiQb| wZwb wbR KLbv KLbv mv`v cvkvK cwiavb KiZb ej ewYZ nqQ| ZvwiK
Beby Avwjvn Avj-gynvwiex (iv) ejb :
...
...
g`xbvq Bmjvgi weRqi ci Avgiv mLvb Mgb Kwi| Avgiv g`xbvi wbKUeZx GKvb AeZiY Kwi| Avgiv
em wQjvg GgZvevq `ywU mv`v Kvco cwiwnZ GKew (ivm~jjy v n ) Avgvì wbKU Gm AvgvìK mvjvg c`vb
Kijb...| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|536
GKwU `yej mbì nv`xm Avyjv n Beby gvmE` (iv) _K ewYZ nqQ, ivm~jyjv n beyqZ cvwi ci mec_g
wZwb ZuvK hLb `Lb ZLb wZwb `ywU mv`v Kvco (jyw I Pvì) cwiavb Ki wQjb|537
Ab GKwU mnxn mb` ewYZ nv`xm Avyjv n Beby Avevm (iv) ejb, Beivnxg (Av) hLb BmgvCjK (Av)
Kzievbx KiZ D`Z nb ZLb BmgvCji cib GKwU mv`v Kvgxm wQj|538
ivm~jjy v n Gi hyM I cieZx Kvj mvnvexMYi gaI mv`v jyw, Pvì, Rvgv (Kvgxm) BZvw` cvkvK
eenvii cPjb wQj|539
om
3. 6. 4. jvj iO
jvj iOi cvkvK cwiavb Kivi welq h mKj nv`xm ewYZ nqQ mwji ga evnZ ecixZ iqQ| wKQy
.c
nv`xm _K Avgiv RvbZ cvwi h, ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg jvj iOi jyw, Pvì BZvw` cwiavb KiZb|
Aciw`K Ab wKQy nv`xm jvj iOi cvkvK cwiavb KiZ cyilìK wbla Kiv nqQ|
st
3. 6. 4. 1. jvj iOi eaZv
tru
ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg jvj iOi jyw I Pvì ev Rvov Kvco cwiavb KiQb ej wewfb nv`xm
ewYZ nqQ|
h
eyLvix-gymwjg msKwjZ nv`xm Ave~ RynvBdv (iv) ejb,
na

[ ]

un

ss

( )

.a
Avwg (we`vq ni kl) gvq ivm~jjy vn -Gi wbKU AvMgb Kwi| ZLb wZwb (wgbv _K wdi) AveZvn
w
bvgK vb Aevb KiwQjb| GKwU jvj Pvgovi Zveyi ga ZuvK `Ljvg| `Ljvg h, ejvj (iv) Zuv i Ihyi cii
w
Aewk cvwb wbq Avmjb Ges DcwZ gvbyliv mB Ihyi cvwb (eiKZi Rb) MnY KiZ cwZhvwMZv i Ki w`jb|
huvi nvZ cvwbi wQUdvUv coj wZwb Zv w`q wbRi kixi gyQjb| Avi whwb wKQyB cjb bv wZwb Abi nvZi Av`Zv
MnY Kijb| Gici `Ljvg ejvj GKwU ejg wbq cuy Z w`jb| ivm~jjy v n jvj iOi GKRvov Kvco cwiavb Ki
ewiq Avmb| Zuvi jywi wbcv Dci DVvbv wQj (cvqi bjvi gvSvgvwS ch jyw ci wQjb)| wZwb H ejgwU
mvgb (myZiv) iL mgeZ gvbylì wbq hvnii mvjvZ `yB ivKAvZ Av`vq Kijb| Avwg `Ljvg, ejgwUi evBi
w`q gvbyl Ges RxeRvbvqvi Pjvdiv KiwQj|540
gyvdvK AvjvBwn mnxn nv`xm eviv Beby Avwhe (iv) ejb,
)

Contents

( :
bexRx () gvSvwi j^v wQjb| `yB Kuva wQj PIov| Zuvi gv_vi Pzj Zuvi Kvbi jwZ ev Kuva ch wQj| jvj
iOi GKRvov Kvco (jyw I Pvì) cwiwnZ Aevq ZuvK GZ myì `LvZ h Zuvi Pq AwaK myì wKQzB Avwg KLbv
`wLwb|541
Rvwei Beby mvgyivn (iv) ejb

Avwg GK P`vjvwKZ ivZ ivm~jyjv n -K GKRvov jvj Kvco (jyw I Pvì) cwiwnZ Aevq `Ljvg| ZLb
Avwg GKevi Puvì w`K I GKevi Zuvi w`K ZvKvZ jvMjvg| m`nvZxZfve Avgvi PvL wZwb Puvì PqI ewk myì
ej cwZfvZ njb| nv`xmwU mnxn|542
Rvwei Beby Avyjv n (iv) ejb :

om
ivm~jyjv n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg Zuvi jvj PvìwU C` I Rygvq cvwiavb KiZb| nv`xmwUi mb`
gvUvgywU MnYhvM|543
.c
Avwgi Beby Avgi (iv) ejb :

st
tru
Avwg bexRx -K (we`vq n) wgbvq LyZev (fvlY) `vbiZ Aevq `Ljvg| wZwb GKwU LPii wcV
AvivnY Ki wQjb Ges Zuvi Mvq wQj GKwU jvj Pvì| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|544
h
eyivB`v Avmjvgx (iv) ejb:
na

)

un

(

ss

.a
ivm~jyjv n AvgvìK LyZev `vb iZ wQjb| GgZvevq nvmvb I mvBb `yRb `ywU jvj Kvgxm (Rvgv)
w
cwiavb Ki nvPU Lq nuvUZ nuvUZ (nuvwU nuvwU cv cv Ki) gmwR` cek Kib| ZuvìK `L ivm~jjy v n wg^vi
w
_K bg Gm ZvìK Kvj Ki wbq wbRi mvgb emvb| Gici wZwb ejb: Avjvn Ges Zuvi ivm~j mZ ejQb|
wbq Zvgvì m` I mvb cixv îc| Avwg G `yB wkK nvPU Lq nuvUZ `L ah aviY KiZ bv ci Avgvi
w
K_v _vwgq GìK Zzj wbjvg| nv`xmwU mnxn|545
3. 6. 4. 2. jvj iO eenvi Avcw

Dcii nv`xmwj I Abyic Abvb nv`xm _K Avgiv RvbZ cvwi h, ivm~jjy v n jvj iOi jyw, Pvì ev
Rvgv cwiavb KiQb ev Kivi AbygwZ w`qQb| Aciw`K wKQy nv`xm ewYZ nqQ h, wZwb jvj iO AcQ` KiZb|
c~eeZx AvjvPbvq Avgiv Avyjv n Beby Avgi (iv) ewYZ nv`xm `LwQ h, wZwb ejQb: ivm~jjy v n Avgvi cib
Avmdvi viv (jvj) iO Kiv cvkvK `LZ cvb| wZwb ejb: Gwj Kvwdiì cvkvKi Afy| Zzwg Gwj cie
bv|
Contents

Bgivb Beby mvBwqb (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb :

(

)

...

Avwg DUi wcV UKUK jvj iOi Mw` eenvi Kwi bv, Avwg Avmdvi viv (jvj-nj`) iO Kiv Kvco cwiavb Kwi
bv, Avwg ikgi KviKvR Kiv Rvgv cwiavb Kwi bv|... Rb ivL, cyili AvZi myMw _vKe wK iO _vKe bv| Avi
(ewnMgbi mgq) gwnjvì AvZii iO _vKe wK myM _vKe bv| nv`xmwUi mb` wbfihvM|546
mnxn gymwjg msKwjZ nv`xm Avyjvn Beby Avgi (iv) ejb:

bexRx Avgvi Mvq `ywU Avmdvi viv (jvj) iO Kiv Kvco (jyw I Pvì) `LZ cvb| wZwb ejb: Zvgvi Avv
wK ZvgvK G Kvco ciZ wb`k w`qQb? Avwg ejjvg : Avwg wK Kvco `ywU ayq be? wZwb ejjb : bv, eis Kvco`ywU
cywoq dj|547
Ab nv`xm Avyjv n Beby Avgi (iv) ejb,
om

.c
Avmdvi (jvj/jvjP njy`) iO iwZ `ywU Kvco cwiavb Ki GK ew c_ PjwQj| Pjvi c_ m ivm~jjy v n -K
st
mvjvg `q wK wZwb Zvi mvjvgi Reve Ìqv _K weiZ _vKb| nv`xmwU mnxn|548
tru
ivwd Beby Lv`xR (iv) ejb,

h
na

un
Avgiv ivm~jjy v n -Gi mv_ GK mdi ei nB| ivm~jjy vn `Lb h, Avgvì DUi Dci I mvIqvixi
ss
Dcii AveiYx ev Pvìi ga jvj myZvi KvR Kiv| ZLb wZwb ejb : `L! Avwg wK Zvgvì Dci jvj iOi cvavb
`LwQ bv? ZLb Avgiv ivm~jjy v n -Gi K_vi KviY Ggbfve Zvovov Ki ùvwoq cojvg h, Avgvì wKQy DU fq
.a
cq wQUK co| Avgiv Hme (jvj iOhy) Pvì ev Kvcowj Lyj wbjvg| nv`xmwUi mb` `yej |549
Avyjv n Beby Avgi (iv) ejb, GKw`b ivm~jjy v n Avgvi Mvq GKwU jvj iO iwZ Pvì `LZ cvb| wZwb
w
ejb : GwU wK? Avwg eySZ cvijvg h wZwb wK AcQ` KiQb| Avwg evwo Gm `Ljvg evwoZ Pzjv Rvjvbv nQ|
w
Avwg PvìwUK Rj Pzwji ga dj w`jvg| ciw`b Avwg Zuvi ìevi Mgb Kij wZwb ejjb: Avyjv n, PvìwUi wK
w
njv? Avwg ZuvK NUbv Rvbvjvg| wZwb ejjb:

Zzwg Zv PvìwUK Zvgvi cwievii Kvbv gwnjvK w`Z cviZ| gwnjvì Rb GZ (jvj iOi cvkvK)
Kvbv Amyweav bB| nv`xmwU nvmvb ev MnYhvM|550
G mKj nv`xm _K eySv hvq h, ivm~jjy v n cyilì Rb jvj iOi cvkvK-cwiQ` AZ AcQ` KiZb|
GKwU hqxd nv`xm ewYZ nqQ:

Contents

Lei`vi! Zvgiv jvj iO cwinvi Kie; KviY Zv kqZvbi wbKU mePq cQ`bxq mvR|551
3. 6. 4. 3. jvj iO welqK nv`xmwji mg^q
Dcii nv`xmwji ga mvgm wbaviYi gymwjg dKxnMY wewfb gZ cvlY KiQb| G welq Avjvgv
beex ejb: Avmdvi viv iwZ ev jvjKZ cvkvKi welq Djvgvq Kivg wewfb gZ cvlY KiQb| mvnvex, Zvweqx
I cieZx hyMi AwaKvsk Avwjg GBic cvkvK Rvqh I gyevn ejQb| Bgvg kvwdqx, Ave~ nvbxdv I gvwjKi
(ivwngvgyjv n) G gZ| Ze Bgvg gvwjK ejQb: Ab iOi cvkvK Dg| Ab eYbvq wZwb ejb: evwoZ ev cvb G
cvkvK civ Rvqh, wK mgvek ev Abyvb GBic cvkvK eenvi gvKin| KvbvKvbv Avwjg ejQb: Gwj eenvi
Kiv gvKin Zvbhxnx ev AbywPZ| wblavv vcK nv`xmwjK Zuviv G A_ MnY KiQb| Kviv gZ Kvco evbvi ci
iO Kij Zv wbwl ne| Kviv gZ ay n I Dgivi mgq Zv wbwl|552
3. 6. 5. njy` iO
jvj iOi bvq njy` eOi welqI `yB cKvii nv`xm ewYZ nqQ| wKQy nv`xm Avgiv `LZ cvB h, ivm~jjy vn
njy` iOi jyw, Pvì ev Abvb cvkvK cwiavb KiQb| Ab nv`xm Avgiv `wL h, wZwb cyili Rb njy` iO
AcQ` KiQb|
3. 6. 5. 1. njy` iOi eaZv
om
Avyjv n Beby Rvdi (iv) ejb,

.c
Avwg ivm~jjy v n -K `ywU njy` Kvco cwiwnZ Aevq `LwQ|
st
G nv`xmwUi Ab eYbvq wZwb ejb:

tru
Avwg ivm~jjy v n -K hvdivb viv iOKZ `ywU Kvco: Pvì I cvMwo cwiwnZ Aevq `LwQ| nv`xmwUi mb`
h
553
nvmvb|
na
Avgiv c~eeZx Aavq GKwU nv`xm `LwQ h, Avyjv n Beby Dgvi (iv) njy` iO eenvi KiZb, KviY
ivm~jjy v n G iO cQ` KiZb| G nv`xmi wewfb eYbvq njy` iO eenvii evLv Ìqv nqQ| G mKj eYbvq
un

]

ss

[
.a
Avwg `LwQ h, ivm~jjy v n G AvZi (hvdivb wgwkZ nj` AvZi) viv Zuvi gyeviK `vwo njy` KiZb| Gi
w
Pq Avi Kvbv iOB Zuvi KvQ ewk wcq wQj bv| wZwb Zuvi mKj cvkvK: Zuvi Pvì, Zuvi Kvgxm (wcinvb) I Zuvi cvMwo
w
(meB) hvdivb w`q iO Ki wbZb| eYbvwji mb` nvmvb ev MnYhvM|554

Ab nv`xm Avqkv (iv) ejb,

.
ivm~jyjv n Zuvi cvkvKvw`: Rvgv, Pvì I jyw Zuvi Kvbv Kvbv xi wbKU ciY KiZb (cwivi Ki iO
Kivi Rb)| Zuvì ga whwb mwjK hvdivb wgwkq w`Zb ZuvKB wZwb mePq cQ` KiZb| nv`xmwUi mb` `yej
ej cZxqgvb nq| 555
Contents


)
(

ivm~jjy v n `Lb h, Avyi ivngvb Beby AvId (iv)-Gi `n njyì Qvc iqQ| Ab eYbvq, Zuvi `n
iqQ hvdivi wgwkZ LvjyK AvZii njyì cfve| wZwb ck Kib, G wK? wZwb ejb, Avwg GKRb Avbmvix gwnjvK
weevn KiwQ...|556
njy` iO Avyi ivngvb Beby AvIdi (iv) `n bv cvkvK wQj Zv G mKj nv`xm DjL bB| Ze Avjvgv Beby
Avwj evi&i DjL KiQb h, njy` iO ev hvdivb Zvi `n bq, eis cvkvKB wQj| weevn Dcj wZwb Zuvi cvkvK njy`
iOi AvZi eenvi KiwQjb ev hvdivb viv iwZ cvkvK cwiavb KiwQjb|557
G welq mnxn-hqxd Aviv nv`xm ewYZ nqQ| ivm~jjy v n -Gi BKvji ciI mvnvexMY Ges cieZxKvj
ZvweqxMY njy` cvkvK eenvi KiZb ej AbK eYbv msKwjZ nqQ| Avgi Beby gvBgyb ejb, Dgvi (iv) hw`b
AvnZ nb mw`b Zuvi cib njy` Kvco wQj| Bgivb Beby gymwjg ejb, Avwg Avbvm (iv)-K njy` Bhvi cwiwnZ `LwQ|
Avnbvd Beby KvBm ejb, Dmgvb (iv) GKwU njy` Pvì cwiavb Ki Zv w`q wbRi gv_v AveZ Ki Avgvì wbKU
AvMgb Kib| Ave~ hyweqvb ejb Avwg AvjxK (iv) GKwU njy` Bhvi I Kvgxm cwiwnZ `LwQ| Bgivb Beby weki ejb,
om
Avwg Avyjv n Beby eymiK (iv) GKwU njy` cvMwo I njy` Pvì cwiwnZ Aevq `LwQ| gvwjK Beby wgMIqvj ejb,
Avwg kxZ-Mx me`v (Zvweqx) Bevnxg bvLqxK njy` Pvì I njy` jyw cwiwnZ Aevq `LZvg|558
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3. 6. 5. 2. njy` iO eenvi Avcw
Dcii nv`xmwji wecixZ wKQy nv`xm cyilì Rb njy` iO ev njy` iOi AvZi eenvii wblavv `Lv
st
hvq| Avyjv n Beby gvmE` (iv) ejb: tru
:
h
bexDjvn `kwU welq AcQ` KiZb, Zvi c_g njy`, A_vr hvdivb wgwkZ njyZ AvZi| nv`xmwUi mb`
na
wKQy `yej Zv _vKjI nvwKg I hvnvex nv`xmwUK mnxn ejQb|559

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:
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.
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wKQy gvbyl ivm~jjy v n -Gi wbKU evBqvZ MnY KiZ AvMgb Ki| Zvì ga GKewi nvZ LvjyK AvZi ev
hvdivb wgwkZ jvjP-njy` AvZii iO jM wQj| wZwb Ab mKji evBqvZ MnY KiZ _vKb wK ZvK mwiq `b|
w
AZtci wZwb ejb: cyilì AvZii myM cKvk cve wK iO cKvk cve bv| Avi gwnjvì AvZii iO cKvk cve wK
w
myM Qove bv| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|560

w
Gfve Avgiv GKvwaK nv`xm `LZ cvB h, Kvbv cyili nvZ ev kixi jvj ev njy` AvZii wP _vKj
ivm~jjy v n ZvK Zv fvjfve ayq `vM Zzj djZ wb`k w`qQb| ayq `vM bv Zvjv ch wZwb Zvi mv_ cqvRbxq
K_vevZv ejb wb| 561
3. 6. 5. 3. njy` iO welqK nv`xmwji mg^q
G mKj nv`xm _K Avgiv Avgiv wbgi welqwj `LZ cvB:
(1) `vwo I Pzji ivm~jjy v n gnw`, hvdivb, KvZvg ()562 BZvw` w`q njy`, jvjP njy`, bxjP
njy` ev KvjP njy` Lhve (Kjc) w`Z Drmvn w`qQb| wbRI Gic KiQb ej ewYZ nqQ|
Contents

(2) cvkvKi wZwb wbR Gic hvdivb I nj` myMw w`q cvkvK iwZ KiQb Ges G iO wZwb
mePq cQ` KiZb ej ewYZ nqQ| Ze cvkvKi Rb G iO eenvi Drmvn w`qQb ej Rvbv hvq bv|
(3) `ni nvZ ev `ni Ab wZwb hvdivb, gnw` ev LvjyK AvZi eenvi KiQb ej Rvbv hvQ
bv| wK cyili Gwj eenvii welq wZwb Avcw KiQb|
h mKj nv`xm ivm~jjy v n nj`, jvjP nj`, hvdivbx iO eenvi KiQb ej DjL Kiv nqQ mwj meB
Pzj-`vwo ev cvkvKi welq| `n ev nvZ Zv eenvii DjL bB| Avevi hwjZ Zuvi Avcwi K_v DjL mwj evnZ
`n eenvii welq| G _K mvaviYfve eySv hvq h, cvkvK I Pzj-`vwoi njy`, jvjP njy` ev KvjP njy` iO,
Lhve ev myMw eenvi ea| cvi cyili Rb nvZ ev `n Gic iO ev Lhve eenvi AvcwKi|
njy` cvkvKi welq AvwjgMYi gZvgZ jvj cvkvKi gZB| Avjvgv gynvv` Beby Avyjv n AvZ-ZvgviZvkx
(1004 wn) Zvi Zvbexij Avemvi M, Avjvgv gynvv` Beby Avjx AvjvDxb nvmKvdx (1088 wn) Zuvi Av`-`yiij gyLZvi
M I Avjvgv gynvv` Avgxb Beby Ave`xb (1256 wn) Zuvi nvwkqvZz ivwj gynZvi M G welq nvbvdx Bgvg I
dKxnMYi gZvgZ AvjvPbv KiQb| Zuvì AvjvPbvi mvi msc G h, cyilì Rb Avmdvi I hvdivb wgwkZ jvj
ev njy` iOi cvkvK cwiavb ev eenvii AbKwj gZi ga iqQ: (1) gymZvnve, (2) Rvqh, (3), Rvqh Ze
Abyg ev gvKin Zvbhxnx chvqi, (4) Kviv gZ gvKin Zvnixgx chvqi| Gwji ga _K wZxq I ZZxq gZ Bgvg
Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) _K ewYZ nqQ|563
om
AwaKvsk Bgvg I Avwjg wZxq gZKB cvavb w`qQb| Zuvì gZ n Qvov Ab mgq hvdivb wgwkZ ev
njy` cvkvK cwiavb Rvqh| Beby nvRvi AvmKvjvbx I Abvb Avwjg G gZKB mevwaK MnYhvM ej gZ cKvk
KiQb|564
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3. 6. 6. wgwkZ iO
st
gyvdvK AvjvBwn mnxn nv`xm Avbvm Beby gvwjK (iv) ejb,

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ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg wbKU mePq wcq Kvco wQj Bqvgvbi Zwi WvivKvUv wneviv
565
na
Pvì|
Bqvgvbi Zwi GKvwaK iOi Wviv I KviKvh m^wjZ myZx ev KvZvb RvZxq PvìK wneviv ejv nq| KD
KD Gi g~j iO meyR ej DjL KiQb|566
un
Abvb nv`xm Avgiv `LwQ h, ivm~jyjv n -Gi mePq wcq cvkvK wnmve Kvgxm, meyR iOi cvkvK
ss
njy` iOi cvkvK BZvw` wewfb cvkvKi K_v DjL Kiv nqQ| cKZ c GmKj nv`xmi ga Kvbv ecixZ
bB| G mKj nv`xmi A_, G cvkvKwj Zuvi AZ wcq cvkvK wQj|
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Zvweqx nvmvb emix ejb,

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] [
w
w
Dgvi Bebyj Lvve (iv) (Zuvi wLjvdZKvj) wneviv Pvì eenvi wbwl KiZ Pvb; KviY ckve viv G cKvii
Kvco iO Kiv nq| ZLb DevB Beby Kve (iv) ejb, Avcwb Zv KiZ cvib bv; KviY G cKvii Kvco bexRx () wbR
eenvi KiQb Ges Zuvi hyM AvgivI cwiavb KiwQ| nv`xmwUi mb` `yej Zv AvQ|567
3. 6. 7. cvkvKi iO welqK nv`xmwji cwZcv`
Dcii nv`xmwji AvjvK Avgiv RvbZ cviwQ h, ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg Zuvi hyM cPwjZ wewfb
iOi cvkvK cwiavb KiQb| weklZ, Kvj, meyR, mv`v, jvj, njy` I wgwkZ iOi cvkvK wZwb cwiavb KiQb ej
wewfb nv`xm ewYZ nqQ| G mKj iOi ga meyR, mv`v I wgwkZ iO wZwb cQ` KiZb ej ewYZ nqQ| mv`v iO
eenvii Rb wZwb Drmvn c`vb KiQb| Aciw`K jvj I njy` iO eenvi wZwb Avcw KiQb ejI ewYZ nqQ|
Contents
3. 7. ivm~jyjv n -Gi cvkvKi g~jgvb

Avgiv BZvc~e DjL KiwQ h, ivm~jjy v n cvkvK wnmve AwavKsk mgq mjvB-wenxb jyw I Pvì eenvi
KiZb| Kvbv Kvbv nv`xm _K Zuvi eeZ jyw I Pvìi g~j welq wKQ Rvbv hvq| Abvb cvkvK, hgb Rvgv,
cvRvgv, cvMwo, Uzwc, igvj BZvwì g~jI Avgiv G mKj nv`xmi AvjvK Abygvb KiZ cvwi|
ivm~jjy v n mvaviYZ AwZ mvaviY Kg `vgi jyw, Pvì ev Abvb cvkvK eenvi KiZb| Avevi KLbv
KLbv g~jevb cvkvKI eenvi KiZb| wewfb eYbv _K Avgiv `wL h, ivm~jjy v n b~bZg 5/7 wìnvg (icgy`v )
I GK w`bvi (^Ygy`v) _K Da 3000 icgy`v ev 300 ^Yg y`vi Rvov Kvco (jyw I Pvì) cwiavb KiQb| Zvweqx
nvmvb emix ejb,

ivm~jyjv n Zuvi xMYi Kvco cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb| mwj wQj 6 ev 7 wìnvg g~ji ckwg
Kvco hwjK Zuvi xMY Bhvi ev mjvBnxb Lvjv jyw wnmve cwiavb KiZb| nv`xmwUi mb` `yejZv AvQ| 568
Avbvm (iv) ejb,
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( )

(

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(Bqvgvbi) hx Bqvhvbi ev`kvn ivm~jjy v n -K GKRvov Kvco Dcnvi `b, hv wZwb 33wU DUi wewbgq
st
wKbwQjb| ivm~jjy v n Zv Keyj Kib Ges GKevi gv cwiavb Kib| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|569
Ab eYbvq `Lv hvq h, ivm~jjy v n 1 `xbvi (^Ygy`v ) gyji Pvì eenvi KiZb| Ab eYbvq, wZwb GKevi 29
tru
DwKqvn ici wewbgq GKRvov Kvco: Pvì I jyw q Kib| 29 DwKqvZ eZgvb wnmve cvq mvo 3 wKjvMvg ic
ev ZrKvjxY icgy`v q cvq 1100 wìnvg ev cvq 100 `xbvi nq| Ab eYbvq nvKxg Beby wnhvg 300 `xbvi ev ^Yg~`v w`q
h
GKRvov Kvco: jyw I Pvì q Ki Zv ivm~jjy v n -K nvw`qv c`vb Kib| ZrKvjxb gy`veevq icgy`v ^Ygy`vi GK
na
`kgvsk ej MY Kiv nZv| GZ 300 ^Ygy`vq cvq 3000 icgy`v nq| Ab eYbvq Rvbv hvq h, ivm~jyjv n I Zuvi
mvnvexMYi Rb 1000 ev 1200 wìnvg gyji Rvov Kvco eybb Kivi eev wQj|570
un
Dcii wewfb weeiY _K Avgiv RvbZ cvwi h, ZrKvjxb hyM cPwjZ wewfb g~jgvbi cvkvK ivm~jyjv n
eenvi KiQb| mvaviYfve wZwb ^g~ji cvkvK eenvi KiZb| mvwbZ gngvb I we`kx cwZwbwaMYi mv_
ss
mvvZi Rb g~jevb cvkvK eenvi KiZb| KD g~jevb cvkvK Dcnvi w`j Zv wZwb MnY KiZb|
.a
mvnvexMYI mvaviYZ AwZ mvaviY cvkvK cwiavb KiZb ej Rvbv hvq| Avyjv n Beby kvv` ejb:

w

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w
Avwg Dmgvb Beby AvddvbK (iv) evi gmwRì wg^vi `Ljvg, Zuvi `n wQj 4 ev 5 wìnvg `vgi
GKwU Bqvgvbx Bhvi Avi GKwU jvj iO iwZ Kzdx Pvì| nv`xmwUi mb` nvmvb|571
G welq Dgvi (iv)-Gi gZvgZ BZvc~e DjL KiwQ| GKew Dgvi (iv)-K ck Ki: Kx aibi cvkvK
cwiavb Kie? wZwb ejb: h cvkvK cij gyLiv ZvgvK Aenjv Kie bv Ges vbxMY ZvgvK wb`v Kie bv... 5
wìnvg _K 20 wìnvg g~ji|
3. 8. Uzwc
mKj `ki mKj RvwZi gaB gv_v AveZ Kivi ixwZ GKwU cvPxb ixwZ| kixii Abvb Aski bvq gv_v
AveZ Kiv mKj RvwZi wbKUB GKwU ghv`vgq ixwZ I m`hi c~YZ v| Avieì ga gv_v AveZ Kivi Rb cvPxb Kvj
_K Uzwc-cvMwoi cPjb wQj| ivm~jjy v n gKveiY wnmve wZb cKvi cvkvK eenvi KiQb: Uzwc, cvMwo I gv_vi
Contents

Pvì ev igvj|
Uzwci Rb nv`xm g~jZ `ywU k eeZ nqQ: 1. KvjvbmyIqvn I 2. Kzvn| c_g k ( )mK Beby
gvbh~i Zvi wjmvbyj Avie Awfavb M wjLQb: ( ) GK cKvii gv_vi cvkvK, mycwiwPZ| 572
( )kwUi A_ AwZ cwiwPZ nIqvi KviYB Avgiv `wL h, Abvb cvPxb AwfavbMI Gi A_ evLv Kiv nq wb|
cwm AvaywbK Aviex Awfavb Avj-gyRvgyj IqvmxZ M ejv nqQ: ( :):
KvjvbmyIqv: gv_vi cvkvK, wewfb cKvii I AvKwZi|573 Aviex-BsiwR Awfavb ( )Gi A_ wbgic ejv nqQ:
tall headgear, tiara, cidaris; hood, cowl, capuche, cap.574
Beby nvRi AvmKvjvbx, Avyi ivEd gybvex cgLy wjLQb, gv_vi h Kvbv XvKwb, gv_vi Dci cwiavb Kiv, gv_vi
Dci ivLv, cvMwoi Dci cwiavb Kiv, cvMwoK AveZ Kivi Rb ev ivèw _K gv_vK Avovj Kivi Rb hv eenvi Kiv
nq ZvK Kvjvbmyqvn ejv nq|575
wZxq k ( |) Gi g~j A_ Lvmv, XvKwb ev AveiY| Gi eenvwiK A_ mK wZb cKvi fvl iqQ: KD
ejQb Gi A_ Uzwc| KD ejQb: QvU Uzwc| KD ejQb: Mvj Uzwc|
wnRix PZz_ kZKi fvlvwe` Beby dvwim (395 wn) ejb: ( ) Kzvn A_ KvjvbmyIqvn ev
Uzwc|576
3q wnRix kZKi cLvZ gynvwm Bgvg wZiwghx (279 wn) ejb: () : Kzvn nQ QvU
om
Uzwc|577 cieZx AbK gynvwm Gfve Kzvn A_ QvU Uzwc ej DjL KiQb|578
Ab AbK Awfavbwe` Gi A_ Mvj Uzwc ej DjL KiQb| PZz_ kZKi AbZg fvlvwe` BmgvCj Beby
nvv` Avj-RvInvix (393 wn) Zuvi cwm AwfavbM Avm-wmnvn-G wjLQb:
.c
( )
st
Kzvn A_ Mvj Uzwc; KviY Zv gv_v AveZ Ki|579 cLvZ Awfavbwe` gvR`yxb gynvv` Beby BqvKze
tru
dvBivhAvev`x (817 wn) cYxZ Avj-Kvg~m Avj-gynxZ M Ges AvaywbK Awfavb M Avj-gyRvgyj IqvmxZ-GI Kzvn
A_ Mvj Uzwc jLv nqQ| 580
h
GmKj gZi AvjvK v`k kZKi cLvZ gynvwm gynvv` Beby Avyj evKx Avh-hviKvbx (1122 wn) ejb:
na
( ...)
Kzvn A_ QvU Uzwc ev Mvj Uzwc|581
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ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvgi hyM eyib~m bvg Rvgvi mv_ mshy AviK cKvi Uywc eenvi Kiv
ss
nZv hv Avgiv c_Kfve AvjvPbv Kie, Bbkv Avjvn|

Uzwc welqK nv`xmi msLv Zzjbvg~jKfve Kg| Avi Gwji ga mnxn nv`xm LyeB Kg| Avgvì cwiwPZ wmnvn
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wmvn ev cwm QqwU nv`xm-M Uzwc mKxq nv`xm LyeB Kg| G QqwU Mi cvq 30 nvRvi nv`xmi ga Avgiv cvki
AwaK cvMwo welqK nv`xm `LZ cvB, wK ivm~jyjv n I mvnvexMYi Uzwc cwiavb welqK nv`xm Avgvi Rvbv gZ 7/8
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wUi ewk bq| Gwji ga mnxn, nvmvb I AZ hqxd ev evbvqvU chvqi nv`xm iqQ| G mKj nv`xm I Uzwc welqK
w
Abvb nv`xm _K Rvbv hvq h, ivm~jyjv n , mvnvexMY I ZvweqxMY mvaviYZ Uzwc cwiavb KiZb| Avevi mvnvexMY
KLbv KLbv Uzwc ev cvMwo Qvov, Lvwj gv_vq I Lvwj Mvq gmwR` ivm~jjy v n -Gi wbKU emZb Ges Zuvi mv_ wewfb
w
vb Mgb KiZb| Zuviv Uzwci mv_ cvMwo cwiavb KiZb Ges ay Uzwc ev ay cvMwoI cwiavb KiZb|
3. 8. 1. ivm~jyjv n -Gi Uzwc
Bgvg wZiwghx ewYZ nv`xm dzhvjvn Beby DevB` (iv) ejb, Dgvi (iv) ejQb, ivm~jjy vn ejQb:
Contents

.

knx` Pvi cKvi| c_g cKvi knx` GKRb kwkvjx Cgvbi AwaKvix gywgb, whwb ki gyKvwejv KiZ hq
AvjvnK c` Iqv`v mZ cgvwYZ Ki hy KiZ KiZ wbnZ nqQb| G knxì w`K wKqvgZi w`b gvbyl Gfve
PvL Zzj ZvKve| G K_v ej wZwb Ggb fve gv_v DPz Kijb h, Zuvi UzwcwU co Mj|
nv`xmi eYbvKvix ejb: wZwb wK Dgvii (iv) Uzwc covi K_v ejjb bv ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv
mvjvgi Uzwc co hvIqvi K_v ejjb Zv eySZ cvijvg bv| Bgvg wZiwghx AvjvPbv KiQb h, nv`xmwUi mb`
gvUvgywU MnYhvM|582
G nv`xm _K Rvbv hvq h, ivm~jjy v n I mvnvexMY AbK mgq cvMwo Qvov ay Uzwc cwiavb KiZb, dj
gv_v DPz Kij Uzwc Lyj co hvIqvi mvebv _vKZ|
wmnvn wmvi M wjZ ivm~jjy v n -Gi Uzwc cwiavb welqK Avi Kvbv nv`xm ewYZ nqQ ej Avwg
RvbZ cvwi wb| Abvb M G welqK Aviv wKQz nv`xm msKwjZ nqQ| wZwb mv`v Uzwc cwiavb KiZb ej wewfb
nv`xm ewYZ nqQ| G welqK AwaKvsk nv`xm c_Kfve wKQyUv `yej njI GKvwaK nv`xmi AvjvK Avgiv Zuvi mv`v
Uzwc eenvi mK RvbZ cvwi| Kvbv Kvbv nv`xm mv`v Uzwc gv_vi mv_ msjM I bxPz wQj ej ejv nqQ| G Qvov
om
Zuvi Uzwci wewfb w`K nv`xm ewYZ nqQ| Avyjv n Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb:

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ivm~jyjv n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg mv`v Uzwc cwiavb KiZb|
st
nv`xmwU ZvevivYx I evBnvKx msKjb KiQb| nv`xmwUi eYbvKvix Avyjv n Beby wLivk nv`xm eYbvi
tru
wKQyUv `yej | G Rb nv`xmwU wKQyUv `yej chvqi| Avjvgv mq~Zx nv`xmwUK nvmvb ev MnYhvM ejQb| cvi
evBnvKx I Avjevbx hqxd ejQb| 583
h
Ave~ ivBiv (iv) _K ewYZ nqQ,
na

ivm~jyjv n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvgi GKwU wmwiqvb mv`v Uzwc wQj| nv`xmwU Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) eYbv
un
KiQb|584
Avyjv n Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb:
ss

.a
ivm~jyjv n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg mv`v Kzvn A_vr Uzwc (Mvj Uzwc ev QvU Uzwc) cwiavb KiZb|
w
nv`xmwU Zvevibx msKjb KiQb| G nv`xmwU wZb Zvi Dv` gynvv` Beby nvbxdvn Avj-IqvwmZx _K bQb|
wZwb nv`xm eYbvi `yej wQjb|585
w
Avqkv (iv) ejb:

w

ivm~jyjv n bxPz ev gv_v msjM mv`v Uzwc cwiavb KiZb|
Beby AvmvwKi nv`xmwU msKjb KiQb| mq~Zx Zv DjL KiQb| nv`xmwU hqxd|586
Ave~ mvjxZ (iv) ejb:

Contents

Avwg ivm~jjy v n gv_vq GKwU ckwg (ev Pvgovi) Kvb Iqvjv Uzwc `LwQ, hvi Kvbi vb `ywU wQ` Kiv
nqQ| nv`xmwUi mb` `yej|587
Avqkv (iv) _K ewYZ nqQ

ivm~jyjv n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvgi mv`v gv_vi mv_ msjM Kzvn ev Uzwc (QvU Uzwc ev Mvj Uzwc) wQj|
nv`xmwU w`gBqvZx msKjb KiQb ej gynvv` Beby BDm~d mvjnx kvgx (942 wn) Zvi mxivn kvwgqvn ev
myeyjjy `v Iqvi ivkv` M DjL KiQb| Gi mb` mK Avwg wKQyB RvbZ cvwi wb| 588
Beby Avevm (iv) _K ewYZ nqQ,

ivm~jyjv n -Gi GKwU Pvgovi Uzwc wQj hvZ wQ` wQj|
nv`xmwU evjvhyix msKjb KiQb ej gynvv` Beby BDm~d kvgx DjL KiQb| Gi mb` mK Avwg wKQyB
RvbZ cvwi wb|589
Bgvg hvBbyj Ave`xb _K ewYZ nqQ,
om

ivm~jyjv n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg mv`v Uzwc, evZvg Iqvjv Uzwc I Kvb Iqvjv Uzwc cwiavb KiZb|
.c
nv`xmwU Beby AvmvwKi msKjb KiQb ej gynvv` Beby BDm~d kvgx DjL KiQb| Gi mb` mK Avwg wKQyB
RvbZ cvwi wb|590
st
Ave~ ivBiv (iv) _K ewYZ nqQ, tru

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Avwg ivm~jjy v n -Gi gv_vq GKwU j^v (DPz) cuvPfvM wef Uzwc `LwQ|
na
nv`xmwU Avjvgv Ave~ byAvBg Bmcvnvbx Zuvi msKwjZ gymbv`yj Bgvg Avex nvbxdv M msKwjZ KiQb| wZwb
ejQb: AvgvK Avyjv n Beby gynvv` Beby Rvdi I Ave~ Avng` RyiRvbx ejQb, AvgvìK Avng` Beby Avyjv n Beby
un
BDm~d ejQb, AvgvìK Ave~ Dmvgvn ejQb, AvgvìK `vnnvK Beby Ri ejQb, AvgvìK Ave~ KvZv`vn nviivbx
ejQb h, AvgvìK Ave~ nvbxdv ejQb, ZuvK AvZv Ave~ ivBiv _K eYbv KiQb h, wZwb G nv`xm ejQb|591
ss
G nv`xmwU Rvj ev gvDh~ nv`xm ej MY| Zzjvbvg~jK wbixvi gvag welhwU Rvbv hvh| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv _K
ay Ave~ KvZv`vn nviivbx (g 207wn) Zv eYbv KiQb| nviivbx Qvov Ab KD G k ejb wb| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn)
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nviivbx ewYZ mKj nv`xm I Zvi ew Pwi chvjvPbv Ki wbwZ nb h, wZwb AwbfihvM ivex| wZwb Rxeb hZwj
nv`xm eYbv KiQb Zvi AwaKvskB fyj fiv| GRb Bgvg eyLvix ejQb, Ave~ KvZv`vn nviivbx gybKvij nv`xm|
Bgvg eyLvix KvDK gybKvij nv`xm ev AvcwKi eYbv Kvix ejvi A_ GB h, mB jvKwU wg_v nv`xm ej ej
wZwb RbQb| Ze wZwb KvDK mivmwi wg_vev`x bv ej Zvi gybKvij nv`xm ev Abyic kvewj eenvi
KiZb| Bgvg eyLvix ejQb: GB nviivbxi Kvbv nv`xmB MnY Kiv hve bv| Gfve Abvb mKj gynvwm ZvK
Contents

AwbfihvM ej NvlYv KiQb| h nv`xm ay Ave~ KvZv`vn nviivbx eYbv KiQb, Ab KD ejb wb Zv AMnYhvM
ev evbvqvU nv`xm ej weewPZ ne|
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G Rb Avjvgv Ave~ byAvBg nv`xmwU DjL Ki ejb G nv`xmwU GKgv `vnnvK Ave~ KvZv`v _K eYbv
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Dcii nv`xmwji AvjvK eySv hvq h, ivm~jyjv n mv`v iOi gv_vi mv_ jM _vKv Uzwc eenvi KiZb|
wZwb Kzvn cwiavb KiQb ej Kvbv Kvbv nv`xm ejv nqQ| Avi Kzvni A_ QvU Uzwc ev Mvj Uzwc| GQvov wQ`
Iqvjv KvbUzwc, wQ` Iqvjv ckwg ev Pvgovi Uzw cI wZwb eenvi KiQb ej Rvbv hvq|
G mKj nv`xmi AvjvK Uzwci mybvZ mK cLvZ dKxn I gynvwm Avjvgv Bebyj Avivex gynvv` Beby
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3. 8. 2. g~mv (Av)-Gi Uzwc
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3. 8. 3. 1. mvnvexMYi Uzwc cwiavb

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Contents

wnkvg Beby DiIqv ejb,

Avwg Avyjv n Beby hyevBii (iv) gv_vq cvk ewiq _vKv Uzwc `LwQ| wZwb Kvev Ni ZvIqvd Kivi mgq D
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Avwg Avbvm Beby gvwjKK (iv) `Ljvg Zuvi gv_vq mv`v evZvg Iqvjv Uzwc wQj|601
Dy bvnvi KvBwmqvn ejb

Avwg Avbvm Beby gvwjKK (iv) `LwQ, wZwb Kvj cvMwo cwiavb KiQb Ges Zvi gv_vq GKwU bxPz gv_v msjM
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3. 8. 3. 2. mvnvexMYi Uzwc cwiZvM

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Contents

Avwg Avyjv n Beby eymi (iv) bvgK mvnvexK 50 eviiI AwaK `LwQ| Zuvi gv_vq eveix Pzj wQj| Avwg kxZ
ev Mx KLbv Zuvi gv_vq Uzwc ev cvMwo wKQyB `wLwb| eYbvwUi mb` `yej |605
Rvixi Beby Dmgvb I mvdIqvb Beby Avgi bvgK Zvweqxq ejb

Zuviv ivm~jjy vn mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvgi mvnvex Avyjv n Beby eymiK (iv) `LQb h, wZwb gv_vq I
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3. 8. 3. 3. mvnvexMYi Uzwci AvKwZ
Zvweqx wnjvj Beby Bqvmvd ejb, Avwg wdwjwbi ivvq Gj Avgvi wKQy ez AvgvK ejjb, Avcwb wK
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3. 8. 4. Uzw ci dhxjZ
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Uzwci dhxjZ welq Bgvg Ave~ `vD` I Bgvg wZiwghx GKwU nv`xm msKjb KiQb| Zuviv DfqB ejb:
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Avgvì Ges gykwiKì ga cv_K Uzwci Dci cvMwo|610
Contents

G nv`xmwU _K Avgiv Uzwc A_ev cvMwoi dhxjZ RvbZ cvwi, hw` Zv mnxn nq| Ze gynvwmMY nv`xmwUi welq
`ywU c_K AvjvPbv KiQb, hv _K eySv hvq h nv`xmwU gvUI MnYhvM bq| c_g AvjvPbv nv`xmwUi mb` mwKZ|
wZxq AvjvPbv A_ mwKZ|
3. 8. 4. 1. nv`xmwUi mb`
Bgvg wZiwghx nv`xmwU DjL Ki Gi mb` AvjvPbv Kib Ges mb`wU h gvUI wbfihvM bq Zv eYbv
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bq| wZwb `vex KiQb h, wZwb iKvbvi cy _K nv`xmwU bQb| iKvbvi Kvbv cy wQj wKbv, wZwb K wQjb,
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Bgvg wZiwghxi Dv`, Bgvgyj gynvwmxb Bgvg eyLvixI Zvi AvZ-ZvixLyj Kvexi M G nv`xmwUi `yejZv eYbv
KiQb| wZwb ejb: nv`xmwUi mb` AvZ cwiwPZ gvbylì mg^q| GQvov Gì KD Kviv _K Kvbv nv`xm
bQ ejI Rvbv hvq bv|611
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3. 8. 4. 2. nv`xmwUi A_
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Avi Lyjj Uzwc I cvMwo GK Lyj coe|

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cieZx hyMi cLvZ Avwjg kvgmyxb Bebyj KvBwqg (751wn) ejb: ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvgi
GKwU cvMwo wQj hvi bvg wQj mvnve| wZwb Avjx (iv)- K Zv civb| wZwb Zv cwiavb KiZb Ges Zvi bxP Uzwc
ciZb| wZwb cvMwo Qvov ay UzwcI ciZb| Avevi Uzwc Qvov ay cvMwoI ciZb|617
Djvgvq Kivg G mKj eYbv wjLQb wewfb nv`xm I mvnvexMYi weeiYi mvi msc wnmve, GKK nv`xm
wnmve bq| Bgvg m~q~Zx Avj-Rvwg Avm-mvMxi G welq GKwU GKK nv`xm Avyjv n Beby Avevm (iv) _K DjL
Contents

KiQb| wZwb ejb:
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ivm~jyjv n cvMwoi bxP Uzwc cwiavb KiZb, Avevi cvMwo QvovI Uzwc cwiavb KiZb, Avevi Uzwc QvovI
cvMwo cwiavb KiZb| wZwb mv`v iOi Bqgbx gy`vix Uzwc cwiavb KiZb| Avi wZwb hyi ga KvbIqvjv Uzwc cwiavb
KiZb| AbK mgq mvjvZ Av`vqi Rb gv_v _K Uzwc Lyj UzwcUvK wbRi mvgb myZiv ev Avovj wnmve eenvi
KiZb| ivIevbx I Beby AvmvwKi nv`xmwU msKjb KiQb| myqZ ~ x Zv DjL KiQb| nv`xmwUi mb` hqxd| 618
3. 8. 5. eyib~m ev Rvgvi mv_ mshy Uzwc
Uzwc ejZ Avgiv Rvgv _K c_K UzwcB eywS| Dci G welqK nv`xmwj DjL KiwQ| mvnvexMYi hyM _K
Avie `k Ab AviK aibi Uzwc eenvi Kiv nZv, hvK eyibym ejv nZv| eyibym Mvqi Kvco, Pvì, elvwZ ev
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3. 8. 6. ZvweqxMYi hyM Uzwc
mvnvexMYi Kg AvgvìK ivm~jjy v n -Gi mybv Z ev KgixwZ eySZ mvnvh Ki| Zuvì KgB mybv Z beex
mwVKfve eySvi gvb`| GRb Avgiv ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvgi cvkvK welqK AvjvPbvi ga
mvnvexMYi cvkvKi welq DjL KiZ eva nwQ| cieZx hyM Zvweqx ev Zvwe-ZvweqxMYi hyMi Uzwc eenvi msv
Contents

nv`xm wjLZ nj c_K eB cqvRb| GLvb ay mnxn eyLvix I mybvby Avex `vD` msKwjZ `ywU nv`xm DjL KiwQ|
Bgvg eyLvix mvjvZi ga nvZ w`q wKQy Kiv mwKZ Aavq cLvZ Zvweqx gynvwm, dKxn I Avwe` Ave~
BmnvK Avm-mvexqx Avgi Beby Avyjv n (129 wn) mK ejb:

Ave~ BmnvK mvjvZi ga Zuvi Uzwc bvwgq ivLjb I DVvjb|623
G nv`xm _K Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, ZvweqxMYi ga cvMwo Qvov ay Uzwc cwiavbi cPjb wQj| Zuviv Gfve
ay Uzwc gv_vq w`q mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb| dj cqvRb nj mnRB mvjvZ iZ Aevq Uzwc gv_v _K DVvZ ev gv_vq
ivLZ cviZb|
mybvb Ave~ `vD` ewYZ GKwU nv`xm cLvZ Zvwe-Zvweqx mywdqvb Beb y DqvBbvn (198wn) ejb,

Avwg Zvweqx kvixK Beby Avyjv n Beby Avex bvwgiK (140wn) `Ljvg, wZwb GKwU Rvbvhvq DcwZ nq
Avmii mgq nj AvgvìK wbq RvgvZ Avmii mvjvZ Av`vq Kib| ZLb wZwb Zuvi UzwcwU Zvi mvgb iL
om
(UzwcwUK myZiv evwbq) mvjvZ Av`vq Kijb| eYbvwUi mb` MnYhvM|624
Zvweqx I Zvwe-ZvweqxMYi hyM eeZ Uzwc mK AbK nv`xm gymvbvd Avyi ivhhvK I gymvbvd Beby Avex
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kvBev I Abvb M msKwjZ AvQ| G mKj nv`xm _K `Lv hvq h, Zuviv mywZ, ckwg, Pvgovi mv`v, meyR, jvj
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BZvw` wewfb iOi Uzwc cwiavb KiZb| Zuviv KLbv Uzwci Dci cvMwo cwiavb KiZb| KLbv cvMwo Qvov ay Uzw c
cwiavb Ki PjZb| KLbv Uzwc Qvov ay cvMwo cwiavb KiZb| KLbv cvMwoi Dci Uzwc cwiavb KiZb|625
tru
3. 8. 7. Uzw c welqK nv`xm mg~ni cwZcv`
Uzwc welqK nv`xmwj _K Avgiv KqKwU welq eySZ cvwi:
h
1. ivm~jjy v n , mvnvexMY I ZrcieZx hyMi gymwjg Dvi mvaviY Afvm wQj gv_v AveZ Kiv| Avgiv `LwQ
na
h, ivm~jjy v n -Gi Uzwc welqK nv`xmi msLv ewk bq| Gi A_ GB bq h, wZwb AwaKvsk mgq Lvwj gv_vq _vKZb|
Uzwc, cvMwo I igvj welqK nv`xmwji mgw^Z A_ _K wbwZic Rvbv hvq h, Uzwc, cvMwo ev igvj viv gv_v AveZ
un
Ki ivLvB wQj Zuvi I mvnvexMYi wbqwgZ ixwZ| meZ, AwaKvsk mgq Uzwci Dci cvMwo _vKvi KviY A_ev Uzwc AwZ
mvaviY I mycwiwPZ cvkvK nIqvi KviY Uzwci eYbvq nv`xmi msLv AcvKZ Kg|
ss
2. gv_v AveZ KiZ Zuviv mvaviYZ cvMwo I Uzwc A_ev h Kvbv GKwU eenvi KiZb|
3. ivm~jjy v n mv`v Qvov Ab iOi Uzwc cwiavb KiQb ej DjL bB| Ze mvnvevq Kivg wewfb iOi
.a
Uzwc cwiavb KiZb ej Rvbv hvq|

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4. mvjvZi mvgb myZiv wnme Uzwc ivLvi K_v _K gb nZ cvi h, Zvì Uzwcwj nqZ GK-ò dzU DPz
w
wQj, KviY mvaviYfve myZiv Gic DPz nq| wK Uzwc welqK my eYbvmg~n G aviYv fyj ej cgvY Ki| G welqK mKj
eYbv cgvY Ki h, Zuvì Uzwc DcwifvM gv_vi Pzji mv_ jM _vKZ| wbPi w`K Zv Kvbi KvQvKvwQ _vKZ ev Kvb
w
AveZ KiZ| meZ Ab Kvbv myZiv bv cvIqvi KviY 3/4 Bw DPz UzwcB Zuviv myZiv wnme eenvi KiZb| hgb Ab
nv`xm wb`k Ìqv nqQ h, Kvbv wKQz bv cj AZ GKwU `vM w`q `vMi wcQb mvjvZ Av`vq KiZ ne|626
HwZnvwmKMY wbwZ KiQb h, gv_vi Dci DagLy x j^v ev DPz Uzwci cPjb Zuvì hyM wQj bv| Zuviv DjL
KiQb h, wZxq Avevmx Ljxdv Ave~ Rvdi gvbm~ii mgq (kvmbKvj 136-158wn) 153 wnRixZ (770Lv) j^v
ev DPz Uzwci cPjb i nq| 627
5. gb nq Mvqi Rvgv ev Pvìi mv_ mshy eyib~m Qvov Ab Uzwci AvKwZ mvaviYZ Mvj wQj|
6. mB hyM cPwjZ wewfb cKvii Uzwc Zuviv eenvi KiQb, hgb, Kvb Iqvjv Uzwc, eo Avovj hy Uzwc, wQ`& hy
Uzwc BZvw`|
7. nv`xmi AvjvK eySv hvq h, Zuviv AwaKvsk mgq Uzwc ev cvMwo cwiavb Ki _vKjI, KLbv KLbv Zuviv
Contents
Lvwj gv_vq _vKZb ev gmwR`, ìevi ev c_NvU Pjvdiv KiZb|
8. mvjvZi Rb myZiv ev Avovj bv cj Zuviv KLbv KLbv gv_vi Uzwc Lyj mvgb iL mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb ej
`Lv hvq| Rvwg mvMxii evLvZv Avjvgv gynvv` Avyi ivEd gybvex (1031 wn) DjL KiQb h, ivm~jyjv n Ab Kvbv
myZiv bv cj A_ev Uwc Lyj myZiv evbvbv Rvqh ej kLvbvi Rb gvS ga Gic KiQb|628
9. Uzwc wQj Zuvì mvaviY cvkvKi Ask, mvjvZi Rb wekl cvkvK bq| Zuviv mvaviYZ mgq Uzwc cwiavb Ki
_vKZb Ges mvjvZI Uzwc cwiwnZ Aevq Av`vq KiZb| mvjvZi Rb wekl Ki Uzwc cwiavb Kiv I mvjvZi ci Lyj
djvi iIqvR Zvì ga wQj bv|
10. Uzwc gv_vq w`q mvjvZ Av`vqi Rb wekl mvIqve, dhxjZ ev wb`k vcK Kvbv nv`xm Avgvi `wMvPi
nq wb|
11. hnZz Uzwc Zuvì mvaviY cvkvKi Afy wQj mnZz cvbvnvi, ckve-cvqLvbv, PjvPj, kqb Kiv BZvw`
Kgi Rb Zuviv c_Kfve Uzwc cwiavb KiZb ev Lyj ivLZb ej Kvbv nv`xm Avgvì `wMvPi nq wb| G mKj Kgi
mgq Uzwc cwiavb Kiv ev Lyj ivLvi ga Kvbv wekl dhxjZ, mvIqve ev Avè AvQ ej Avwg RvbZ cvwi wb|
BmwZbRvi mgq weklfve gK AveZ Kivi welqwU Avgiv gv_vi igvj welqK AvjvPbvq DjL Kie, Bbkv Avjvn|
12. Zuvì eeZ Uzwci iO, AvKvi I cKvii ewP _K Avgiv eySZ cwi h, G welq mywbw` Kvbv wbqg
Zuviv cvjb Kib wb| g~j Dk gv_v AveZ Kiv| h Kvbv iOi Ges AvKwZi Uzwc, cvMwo, igvj, Pvì BZvw` w`q gv_v
om
AveZ Kij gv_v XvKvi G mybvZ ev ixwZ cvwjZ ne ejB gb nq| Ze KD hw` AweKj nv`xm ewYZ iO, AvKvi I AvKwZ
eenvi Kib Zv Zuvi Rb AwZwi KjvYi welq ne|
gnvb AvjvnB fvj Rvbb| Avgvì mxwgZ vbi AvjvK GUzKBz RbwQ I eySwQ| Avjvni ìevi gv I
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`qv cv_bv KiwQ|
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3. 9. cvMwo
tru
Uzwc mK ewYZ nv`xmi Zzjbvq cvMwoi welq ewYZ nv`xm AbK ewk| cvMwoi AbK w`K iqQ| cvMwoi
iO, `N, cwiavb cwZ BZvw` AbK welq nv`xm DjL Kiv nqQ|
h
3. 9. 1. ivm~jyjv n Gi cvMwo eenvi
na
mnxn eyLvix, mnxn gymwjg I Abvb M msKwjZ AbK mnxn nv`xm ewYZ nqQ h, ivm~jjy v n wbR I Zuvi
un
mvnvexMY wewfb mgvek, hy, Iqvh bmxnZi mgq cvMwo cwiavb KiZb| G welqK mKj nv`xm AvjvPbv KiZ Mj
Kjei eo hve| ZvQvov G mKj nv`xmi welqe GKB| G mKj nv`xm cgvY Ki h, Zuviv cvMwo cwiavb KiZb|
ss
ZvB G welq A KqKwU nv`xm DjL KiwQ| Uzwci nv`xm AvjvPbvi mgq G welqK wKQy nv`xm Avgiv `LZ cqwQ|
mnxn gymwjg msKwjZ nv`xm Avgi Beby ivBm (iv) ejb:
.a

[ ]

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Avgvi gb nQ Avwg GLbv `LZ cvwQ, ivm~jjy vn mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg wg^vii Dci `vwoq eZv
w
(LyZev) c`vb Kijb, Zuvi gv_vq wQj Kvj iOi cvMwo| wZwb cvMwoi `yB cv Zuvi `yB Kuvai gvS bvwgq
w`qQb|629
mnxn gymwjg msKwjZ Ab nv`xm Rvwei (iv) ejb:

ivm~jyjv n gv weRqi w`b gvq cek Kib Bnivg Qvov, ZLb Zuvi gv_vq wQj GKwU Kvj cvMwo|630
mnxn gymwjg msKwjZ Ab nv`xm gyMxiv Beby ev (iv) ejb

[ ]

Contents

bexq AvKivg Ihy Kijb| ZLb wZwb Kcvji Dcii Ask ev gv_vi myLvsk, cvMwoi Dci I gvRvi
Dci gvmn Kijb|631
Zvweqx Ave~ Avym mvjvg ejb, Avwg Avyjv n Beby DgviK (iv) ck Kijvg: ivm~jyjv n wKfve cvMwo cwiavb
KiZb? wZwb ejb:

wZwb cvMwo gv_vi Dci cwPq wbZb, wcQb _K R w`Zb Ges Gi cv `yB Kvai gvS Szwjq w`Zb|
nv`xmwUi mb` MnYhvM|632
mvIevb (iv) ejb:

bexq AvKivg hLb cvMwo ciZb ZLb cvMwoi cv mvgb Ges wcQb Szwjq w`Zb| nv`xmwUi mb`
om
633
`yej |
GKwU `yej I wewQb mbì nv`xm Bgvg Rvdi mvw`K _K ewYZ AvQ, wZwb ejQb:

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st
bexq AvKivg cZK C` cvMwo cwiavb KiZb|634
ivm~jjy v n KLbv KLbv cvMwoi cwieZ mvaviY cw ev Kvco gv_vq I Kcvj cwPq wbZb ej Bgvg Mvhvjx
tru
I Abvb Avwjg DjL KiQb|635 G aibi cwK AviexZ ( )Bmvevn ejv nq| Avjvgv Bebyj Avmxi ejb:
igvj, Kvcoi UzKiv ev cvMwo hv w`qB gv_v cuPvbv ne ZvKB Bmvevn ejv ne|636
h
na
mnxn eyLvixZ msKwjZ nv`xm Avyjv n Beby Avevm (iv) ejb,

un

ss
ivm~jyjv n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg Ni _K gmwR` ewiq Avmjb| Zuvi `n GKwU Pvì wQj, hv wZwb
`yB Kuvai Dci Rwoq wbqwQjb Ges Zvi gv_vq Kvj Kvcoi GKwU cw ev Bmvevn wQj| wZwb G Aevq wgî em
.a
bmxnZ Kijb|637
w
`yej mb` ewYZ nv`xm dv`j Beby Avevm (iv) ejb,

w
w

ivm~jjy v n -Gi BKvji c~e AmyZ
vi mgq Avwg Zuvi wbKU Mgb Kwi| ZLb Zuvi gv_vq GKwU njy` Kvco
(Bmvevn) Rovbv wQj|638
3. 9. 2. ivm~jyjv ni () cvMwo civbv
ivm~jjy v n KvbvKvbv mvnvexK cvMwo cwiqQb| weklZ KvDK mbvcwZ ev KgKZvi `vwqZ c`vb Ki
Contents

ciY Kvj KLbv KLbv ZvK wbR nvZ cvMwo cwiq w`Zb ej nv`xm ewYZ nqQ| GQvovI wZwb KvDK KvDK
cvMwo cwiqQb ej Rvbv hvq|
Avyjv n Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb, GKevi ivm~jjy v n Avyi ivngvb Beby AvDdK (iv) GKwU mbv`ji mbvcwZ
Ki ciYi NvlYv `b| ZLb Avyi ivngvb Beby AvDd Kvj m~Zx Kvcoi cvMwo cwiavb Ki Avmb| ivm~jjy v n
wbR nvZ Zuvi cvMwo Lyjb Ges cybivq ZuvK cvMwo cwiq `b| Gevi wZwb cvMwoi cv wcQb w`K 4 Avyj gZ Szwjq
`b| Gici wZwb ejb: n Beby AvDd, Gfve cvMwo cie, Zvnj ewk myì I ewk Aviexq ghv `v cKvkK ne|
gymZvìvK nvwKgi eYbvq ivm~jyjvn mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg Zuvi cvMwo Lyj GKwU mv`v cvMwo Dcii cwZZ
cwiq `b Ges Dciv K_v ejb| nv`xmwUi mb` nvmvb ev MnYhvM|639
Ab GKwU AZ `yej ev evbvqvU nv`xm ewYZ nqQ h, ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg hLbB Kvbv
GjvKvq Kvbv ckvmK wbqvM Ki cvVvZb, ZvK cvMwo cwiq w`Zb|640
mybvby Avex `vD` msKwjZ GKwU hqxd mbì nv`xm ewYZ nqQ, Avyi ivngvb Beby AvDd (iv) ejb :

ivm~jyjv n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg AvgvK cvMwo cwiq `b Ges mvgb Ges wcQb cvMwoi cv Szwjq
641
`b|
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Zvweqx mv` Beby Dmgvb ivhx ejb :

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Avwg eyLvivq GKewK `Ljvg whwb GKwU LPii Dci Avivnb Ki AvQb Ges Zuvi gv_vq GKwU Kvj
tru
cvMwo| wZwb ejb ivm~jyjv n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg AvgvK cvMwowU cwiq w`qQb| nv`xmwUi mb` gvUvgywU
MnYhvM ej cZxqgvb nq|642
h
3. 9. 3. mvnvevq Kivgi cvMwo
na
mvnvexMYi cvMwo cwiavb welq AbK nv`xm ewYZ nqQ| GLvb mvgvb KqKwU nv`xm DjL KiwQ|
Zvweqx wgjnvb Beby mvIevb ejb,
un

ss

.a
(Ljxdv Dgvi Bebyj Lvvei (iv) mgq) Avvi Beby Bqvwmi (iv) GKeQii Rb Kzdvq Avgvì Mfbi wQjb|
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wZwb cwZ evi RygAvi mvjvZ GKwU Kvj cvMwo cwiwnZ Aevq AvgvìK LyZev c`vb KiZb| eYbvwUi mb` `yej
ej cZxqgvb nq|643
w
mnxn gymwjg msKwjZ nv`xm Zvweqx Avyjv n Beby `xbvi ejb, GKevi ni mdi gvi c_ GK e`yCb
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Avyjv n Beby Dgvii (iv) mv_ mvvr Kib| Beby Dgvi (iv) ZvK wbRi Avivnbi Mvavi Dci DwVq emvb Ges Zuvi
wbRi gv_vi cvMwo Lyj ZvK c`vb Kib| ZLb Avgiv ejjvg: Avjvn AvcbvK mskvab Kib! Giv Zv e`yCb, Giv Zv
mvgvbZB Lywk nq hvq, (GK GZ g~jevb nv`xqv Ìqvi wK cqvRb wQj!?)| wZwb ejb: G ewi wcZv Avgvi wcZv
Dgvi Bebyj Lvvei (iv) ezì GKRb wQjb| Avi Avwg ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvgK ejZ bwQ, wcZvi
mevhZi AbZg w`K wcZvi wcq gvbylì hZ I mev Kiv|644
Ave~ nvìv` Avmjvgx (iv) bvgK GKRb mvnvexi KvQ GKRb B`x 4wU wìnvg cZ| m ivm~jjy v n -Gi KvQ
hq AwfhvM Ki ej, n gynvv` (), Avwg Gi KvQ 4 wìnvg cve, wK m AvgvK w`Q bv| ZLb wZwb ejb: GK
Gi cvIbv eyS `vI| Ave~ nvìv` ejb: Avjvni Kmg Ki ejwQ, Avgvi G cvIbv cwikvai Kvbv gZv bB| wZwb
Contents

Aveviv ejb: Gi cvIbv eyS `vI| mvnvex Aveviv Zvi AgZv cKvk Kib Ges ejb: Avjvni Kmg, Avgvi cwikvai
gZv bB| Ze Avwg GK ejwQ h, Avcwb AvgìK LvBevi hy cvVvQb| hy MbxgZ jvf nj Zv _K Zvi cvIbv
cwikva Kie| wZwb Aveviv ejb: Gi cvIbv eyS `vI| ivm~jjy vn Kvbv K_v wZbevi ejj Zv Avi wdwiq wbZb bv|
ZLb mvnvex Beby Avex nvìv` D B`xK wbq evRvi Mgb Kib| ZLb Zuvi gv_vq GKwU cvMwo cuPvbv wQj Ges Mvq
GKwU eo cyiv kixi XvKv Pvì wQj| wZwb gv_vi cvMwo Lyj Zv jywi gZ cwiavb Kib Ges PvìwU Lyj B`xK w`h ejb:
GwU Zzwg wKb bvI| ZLb m 4 wìnvg D PvìwU wKb bq|
nv`xmwUi mb` gvUvgywU MnbhvM ej cZxqgvb nq|645
Beby Avex kvBev Zuvi gymvbvd M Ges evBnvKx Aveyj Cgvb M mvnvexMYi cvMwoi welq AbK nv`xm
msKwjZ KiQb| Gwj _K Rvbv hvq h, Zvì ga Kvj iOi cvMwoi cPjb wQj mePq ewk| mv`v iOi
cvMwoI KD KD ciZb| GQvov jvj, meyR, njy` iOi cvMwoiI cPjb wQj| Zuviv mvaviYZ: cvMwoi cv wcQbw`K
Szwjq w`Zb| KD KD mvgb SzjvZb ejI `Lv hvq| Avevi KD KD mvgb Ges wcQb Dfq w`K cvMwoi `yB
cv Szwjq ivLZb| KD KD cvMwoi cv Mjvi bxP w`q cwPq wbZb ej DjL AvQ| Avevi AbK Gfve
ciZ AcQ` KiZb| KD KD ay GK cuP w`q cvMwo ciZb| Cì w`b Zuviv cvMwo ciZb ej wKQy nv`xm
weklfve DjL AvQ|646
3. 9. 4. wdwikZvMYi cvMwo
om
wdwikZvMY cvMwo cwiavb Kib ej `y-GKwU nv`xm DjL Kiv nqQ| GKwU hqxd ev `yej mbì nv`xm ewYZ
nqQ h, ivm~jyjv n hLb Avyi ivngvb Beby AvDdK cvMwo civb ZLb ejb: Avwg hLb (wgivRi ivwZ) Avmgvb
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Mjvg, ZLb mLvb AwaKvsk wdwikZvK cvMwo cwiwnZ Aevq `Ljvg| nv`xmwU hqxd|647
st
Ab GKwU hqxd nv`xm Ave~ g~mv AvkAvix (iv) _K ewYZ nqQ, wReivCj (Av) ivm~jjy v n KvQ Avmb Kvj
tru
cvMwo cwiwnZ Aevq, cvMwoi cv wcQb w`K Szjvb wQj| nv`xmwU hqxd|648
wdwikZvMYi cvMwo mKxq Aviv wKQy nv`xm Avgiv cvMwoi iO welqK AvjvPbvq `LZ cve, Bbkv Avjvn|
h
3. 9. 5. cvMwoi `N
na
ivm~jjy v n -Gi cvMwoi `N KZ wQj Zv Kvbv nv`xm ewYZ nq wb| Avjvgv myq~Zx, gyjv Avjx Kvix I Abvb
MelK dKxn I gynvwm GKevK ejQb h, ivm~jjy v n -Gi cvMwoi `Ni welq mnxn ev hqxd Kvbv GKwU nv`xmI
un
Kvbv cKvi eYbv cvIqv hvq bv| Ze wewfb nv`xmi AvjvK Kvbv Kvbv Avwjg Av`vh Ki wKQy ejQb| KD KD
ejQb ivm~jjy vn -Gi cvMwo mvaviY fve 10 nvZ j^v wQj ej gb nq| KD ejQb Zuvi cvMwo 7 nvZ wQj| KD
ss
ejQb Zuvi wZb cKvii cvMwo wQj: QvU, gvSvix I eo| QvUi `N wQj 7 nvZ, eoi `N 12 nvZ| Gwj meB wewfb
nv`xmi AvjvK AvwjgMYi Av`vh| nv`xm G welq Kvbv eYbv cvIqv hvq bv|649
.a
Dci DwjwLZ GKwU nv`xm Avgiv `LwQ h, Zvweqx Ave~ Avym mvjvg Beby Dgvi (iv)-K ivm~jjy v n -Gi
cvMwo cwiavb cwZ mK wRvmv Kij wZwb ejb, wZwb cvMwo gv_vi Dci cwPq wbZb, wcQb _K R w`Zb
w
Ges Gi cv `yB Kvai gvS Szwjq w`Zb|

w
G weeiYi AvjvK Avjvgv kvIKvbx ejb, wZb nvZi Kg `xN cvMwoI Gfve cwiavb Kiv hvq; KvRB Zuvi cvMwo
w
Gi Pq j^v wQj ej G nv`xm _K eySv hvq bv|650 mvnvexMYi cvMwoi weeiY Avgiv `LwQ h, cvMwo Lyj jywi gZ
cwiavb Kiv me wQj| GZ eySv hvq h, mvaviYZ: cvMwo gvSvix AvKwZi nZv, ev 4/5 nvZ j^v GKwU jywi gZ nZv| Avevi
Avgiv `LwQ h, KvbvKvbv mvnvex-Zvweqx gv GK cPi cvMwo ciZb| GZ eySv hvq h, cvMwoi `N Zvì KvQ weeP
welq wQj bv| gv_v AveZ Kiv I gv_vi Dci wKQy Kvco cwPq iL gv_vK msiwZ I m`hgwZ KivB cvMwoi Dk|
3. 9. 6. cvMwoi eenvi cwZ
3. 9. 6. 1. wPeyKi wbP w`q cuP Ìqv
cvMwo eenvii g~j welq Zv gv_vi Dci cuP w`q cwiavb Kiv| h Kvbv Kvco h Kvbvfe gv_vi Dci
Contents

cwPq cwiavb Kiv nj ZvK cvMwo ejv hvq| cuP Ìqvi wekl Kvbv cwZ ev wbqg ewYZ nqQ ej RvbZ cvwi
wb| Ze wPeyKi wbP w`q cvMwo cuPvbvi welq Kvbv Kvbv Zvweqx Ges cieZx dKxn wekl iZ c`vb KiQb|
wewfb eYbvi AvjvK eySv hvq h, ZvweqMYi hyM _K cvMwo gv_vi Dci cuPvbvi mv_ mv_ wPeyKi wbP w`q
GK ev GKvwaK cuP Ìqv nZv|651 GZ GKw`K cyiv gv_v AveZ Kiv mnR nZv| GQvov cvMwo gv_vi mv_ `pfve
GU _vKZ Ges Kg eZvi KviY mnR Lyj hvIqvi mvebv _vKZ bv| eZgvb hyM wdwjwbxì K~wdqv cwiavb cwZ
_K Avgiv welqwU wKQz Abygvb KiZ cvwi|
cwm Zvwe-Zvweqx gvgvi Beby ivwk` (145 wn) Zuvi Dv` cwm Zvweqx dKxn ZvDm Beby KvBmvb (106 wn) _K
eYbv KiQb,

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ivm~jjy v n -Gi nv`xm DjL Kiv nqQ h, wZwb cvMwo `vwoi wbP w`q RovZ wb`k w`qQb Ges ay gv_vi
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Gfve mb` wenxb fve wZwb nv`xmwU DjL KiQb| cieZx hyMi Kvbv Kvbv Avwjg Ave~ DevBì m~
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ev ay gv_vi Dci Rovbvi AvcwZ ivm~jjy v n ev Kvbv mvnvex _K Kvbvic mb`-mn eYbv Avgvi `wMvPi nq
wb|
Contents

Aciw`K Beby Avex kvBev Dmvgv (iv) _K eYbv KiQb:

gv_vq cvMwo cwiavbi mgq `vwo I Mjvi wbP w`q cvMwo Rovbv Dmvgv AcQ` KiZb ev gvKin MY
KiZb|659
Avjvgv Avyi ivEd gybvex (1031 wn) ejb, Kvbv Kvbv Avwjg ejQb h, cvMox Mjvi wbP w`q cwiavb
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3. 9. 6. 2. cvMwoi cv ev cvq Szjvbv
cvMwo wK ay gv_vq cuPvZ ne bv wKQy Ask mvgb ev wcQb Szwjq w`Z ne? Szjvj wK cwigvY SzjvZ ne?
G welq KqK cKvi weeiY Avgiv `LwQ:
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Aviv `yGKRb mvnvex _K Gic eYbv cvIqv hvq| GK nvZi ewk Kvbv eYbv Avgvi `wMvPi nq wb|
Bgvg beex I Abvb gynvwm I dKxn DjL KiQb h, cvMwoi cv A SzjvbvB mwVK Avè| ewk Szjvbv
DwPr bq| AnsKvi Ki j^v Ki Szjvj nvivg ne| Ab_vq j^v Ki cv Szjvbv gvKin ne|664
3. 9. 6. 3. cvMwoi cv bv Szjvbv
Contents

Avgiv `LwQ h, ivm~jjy v n KLbv KLbv cvMwoi cv SzjvZb bv ej nv`xm _K eySv hvq| Bgvg beex I
Abvb Avwjg DjL KiQb h, cvMwoi cv Szwjq ÌqvB Avè ev mvaviY ixwZ| Ze cv bv SzwjqI cvMwo cwiavb
Kiv hve| cv bv Szwjq cvMwo ciZ Kvbv cKvi wbla bB|665
3. 9. 7. cvMwoi iO
3. 9. 7. 1. Kvj cvMwo
cvq mKj nv`xmB Avgiv `LZ cvB h, ivm~jjy v n g~j Z Kvj iOi cvMwo cwiavb KiQb| G mKj nv`xm
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ciZb Ges mdi Aevq mv`v cvMwo eenvi KiZb| G `vexi c Kvbv cgvY ev nv`xm Zviv ck Kib wb| eis
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Avwjg Aveyj LvBi gynvv` Beby Avyi ivngvb mvLvex (902 wn) ejQb, KD KD DjL KiQb h, ivm~jjy vn
mdi mv`v cvMwo cwiavb KiZb Ges evwoZ ev g`xbvq Aevb Kvj Kvj cvMwo eenvi KiZb Avi Dfq cvMwoi `N
wQj 7 nvZ| cvMwoi iO I `Ni welq G K_vi Kvbv cKvi wfw ev cgvY AvQ ej Avgvi Rvbv bB| 666
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3. 9. 7. 2. njy` cvMwo
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nqQ, eìi w`b hyevBi (iv) Gi Mvq GKwU njy` Pvì wQj| wZwb mwUK cvMwo wnmve ci bb| wdwikZvMY ZviB
ek njy` cvMwo ci eìi gvV Avmb| G mKj eYbv mvgwKfve MnYhvM ej cZxqgvb nq|669
Avgiv cieZx AvjvPbvq `Le, GKwU `yej mbì nv`xm ewYZ nqQ h, wdwikZvMY eìi w`b mv`v cvMwo
ci wQjb| Ze AwaKvsk nv`xmB ewYZ nqQ h, Zuvi H w`b njy` cvMwo cwiwnZ wQjb| mbì w`K _K Gwj
Contents

AwaKZi MnYhvM| 670
3. 9. 7. 3. meyR cvMwo
Avgvì `k AbKB meyR cvMwo eenvi Kib| Avgiv Rvwb cvMwo cvkvK ev RvMwZK welq| G Rb
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3. 9. 7. 4. mv`v cvMwo
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ejb: Avwg `LwQ wZwb evi I Cì w`b wZwb mv`v cvMwo cwiavb KiZb| eYbvwUi mb` gvUvgywU
MnYhvM|676
Contents

Zvweqx I Zvwe-ZvweqxMYi hyM KD KD kxZKvj mv`v kvj, mv`v cvMwo BZvw` cwiavb KiZb ej Rvbv
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hvq| Aciw`K wdwikZvMY mv`v cvMwo ciQb ej Kvbv Kvbv eYbvq `Lv hvq| Beby Avevm (iv) _K ewYZ
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3. 9. 7. 5. jvj cvMwo
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3. 9. 8. cvMwo cwiavb Drmvn c`vb
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3. 9. 8. 1. m`h I ghv`vi Rb cvMwo

m`h I ghv`vi cZxK wnmve cvMwo cwiavbi Drmvn w`q wKQy nv`xm ewYZ nqQ| G nv`xmwj meB `yej
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Beby Avevmi (iv) m~ ewYZ nqQ:

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Contents

G nv`xmwU eYbv KiQb ZZxq wnRix kZKi AvkAvm Beby mvC` bvgK GK ew| wZwb nv`xm eYbvq AZ
`yej wQjb| Bgvg eyLvixi Dv` BqvnBqv Beby gvqxb, Avng` Beby nv^j, bvmvC, `vivKzZbx mevB ejQb h, G ewi
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Contents

wZxq-ZZxq wnRix kZKi AvBDe Beby gy`wiK bvgK GK ew nv`xmwU eYbv KiQb| AvBEe `vex Kib, gvKj
bvgK Zvweqx ZvK Ave~ `vi`v _K nv`xmwU ejQb| GB AvBEe mycwiwPZ wg_vev`x wQjb| gvKji bvg wZwb AbK
evbvqvU K_v nv`xm ej eYbv KiQb| BqvnBqv Beby gvCb, Ave~ nvwZg ivhx, Beby wnevb, Beby Av`x, hvnvex, nvBmvgx, Beby
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`yej ev evbvqvU| Abyicfve cvMwo cwiwnZ Aevq mvjvZ Av`vqi dhxjZ welqK mKj nv`xmB wfwnxb I
evbvqvU|
T. webv cvMwoZ mvjvZ Av`vq wbla ev Avcw vcK Kvbv mnxn, hqxd ev Rvj nv`xm ewYZ nqQ ej
Contents

Avgvì `wMvPi nq wb|
U. hnZz ivm~jjy v n I mvnvexMY mvaviYZ cvMwo cwiavb KiZb Ges cvMwo cwiavb KiB mvjvZ Av`vq
KiZb mnZz cvMwo cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq KiZ gywgb AvMnx nb| GQvov KziAvb Kvixg gywgbMYK mvjvZi Rb
m`hgq cvkvK cwiavb KiZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ| Avi cvMwo mybv Z mZ m`hi AbZg cvkvK| GRb
mvjvZi ga c~Y m`h ARbi Rb gywgb cvMwo cwiavb Kib| Ze cvMwo ci mvjvZ Av`vqi dhxjZ welqK wg_v
I evbvqvU nv`xmwji Dci wbfi Kiv ev mwj AvjvPbv Kiv KLbvB DwPZ bq|
X. cvMwo ùvwoq bv em cwiavb KiZ ne m welq Kvbv mnxn ev hqxd nv`xm Avgvi `wMvPi nq wb|
3. 10. gv_vi igvj ev Pvì
gKveiY wnmve eeZ ZZxq cKvii cvkvK gv_vi igvj| AviweZ GK ev ejv nq| hv w`q
gwnjv Zvi gv_v AveZ Kib ev hv w`q gyL AveZ Kiv nq ZvK AviweZ ( )ejv nq|703 BsiwRZ: veil, head
veil, mask704.
G A_i Rb eeZ wZxq k ZvBjvmvb| G kwU dvimx kvj ki Aviwe ic| gv_v I Kuvai
Dci w`q cwiavb Kiv eo igvj ev PvìK ejv nq|705 BsiwRZ: a shawl-like garment worn over head
and shoulders706.
Avjvgv Avyi ivEd Avj-gybvex ejb: nv`xm ewYZ k viv h Kvbv cKvi Pvì ev Kvco viv gv_v I
om
gyLi GKvsk AveZ Kiv eySvbv nqQ|707
ivm~jjy v n KLbv KLbv Zuvi gv_v igvj ev Pvì viv AveZ KiZb ej ewYZ nqQ| Ze Gfve gv_v
.c
AveZ Kiv Zuvi ixwZ wQj wKbv Ges gv_vq igvj eenvi Kiv DwPZ wKbv m welq AvwjgMYi gZf` iqQ| gZfì
st
KviY G welq ewYZ nv`xm mg~ni A_MZ cv_K| Kvbv Kvbv nv`xm igvj ev kvj w`q gv_v AveZ KivK Bw`ì
Afvm ej DjL Kiv nqQ| GZ eySv hvq h, gymjgvbì DwPZ bq Gfve gv_vq igvj eenvi Kiv| Ab nv`xm
tru
ewYZ nqQ h, ivm~jjy v n gv_vq igvj eenvi KiZb| igvj eenvii cksmvq wKQy AwbfihvM nv`xm ewYZ
nqQ|
h
3. 10. 1. gv_vq igvj eenvi Avcw
na
Avjvgv gynvv` Beby BDm~d kvgx I Abvb Avwjg DjL KiQb h, c_g hyMi AbK Bgvg I dKxn gv_vq
un
igvj, Pvì ev kvj eenvi AcQ` KiQb ev gvKin gb KiQb| 708

wbwjwLZ nv`xmwji KviY Zviv G gZ cvlY Kib|
Avbvm Beby gvwjK (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb,
ss

.a

w
w
`vvji evwnbxZ _vKe 70 nvRvi Bw` _vKe, hvì gv_vq Pvì ev kvj _vKe|709
w
Zvweqx Ave~ Bgivb Avj-R~bx Avyj gvwjK Beby nvexe (128 wn) ejb:

Avbvm Beby gvwjK (iv) RygyAvi w`b (gmwRì ga) mgeZ gvbylì w`K `wcvZ Kib| wZwb AbKi
gv_vq kvj `LZ cvb| ZLb wZwb ejb: Giv GLb wVK LvBevii B`xì gZ| 710
Contents
Avbvm Beby gvwjK (iv) ejb :

AvRKvj gmwR` gvbylìK ewk ewk gv_vq igvj ev Pvì cwiwnZ Aevq `L AweKj LvBevii Bw`ì
gZ gb nq| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|711
Ave~ g~mv AvkAvix (iv) ejb, ivm~jyjvn ejb:

jvKgvb nvKxg Zvi cyK Dc`k w`q ejb: n cy, Lei`vi! gv_vq igvj ev Pvì eenvi cwinvi Kie,
KLbv Zv eenvi Kie bv; KviY iv gv_vq igvj ev Pvì eenvi fxwZ D`KKvix Ges wèm Zv jvbv ev wb`vi
KviY| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|712
Dcii 4wU mnxn nv`xm _K gv_vq igvj ev Pvì eenvi AcQ`xq ej Rvbv hvq| G gg KqKwU hqxd
om
nv`xmI DjL KiQb gynvwmMY| GLvb G A_ 3 wU hqxd nv`xm DjL KiwQ:
Ave~ hvi wMdvix (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb :
.c

st

tru
hLb mgq kl nq Avme (wKqvgZ wbKUeZx ne) ZLb gv_vq igvj cwiavb eo hve, eemv-evwbR I
m` eo hve, mì KviY m`kvjxK mvb Kiv ne, Akx jZv ew cve...| nv`xmwUi mb` `yej |713
h
GKwU `yej ev evbvqvU nv`xm Avjxi (iv) m~ ewYZ nqQ:
na

un

ss
ivm~jjy v n gv_vq igvj ev Pvì eenvi KiZ ev igvj w`q gv_v AveZ KiZ wbla KiQb| wZwb ejQb:
.a
wèm gv_vq igvj ev Pvì eenvi cwmw jvfi Rb Kiv nq Avi iv Zv m`n D`K Ki| h ew Zvi KvR I K_vq,
w
vb I cvi P~ov mxgvq cuQ wMqQ ay mB ewB gv_vq igvj ev Pvì eenvi KiZ cvie| KviY GBic ewi Rb
w
wèm cwmw jvfi cqvRb bB Ges ivi Zvi welq Kvbv m`n D`K ne bv|
Bgvg hvnvex ejb: G nv`xmi mb` Avgi Beby myen bvgK GK ew iqQ, h wg_v I Rvj nv`xm eYbvKvix
w
ej cwm| 714
Ab GKwU `yej mb` ewYZ nv`xm wèm gv_v AveZ KivK fvj Ges iv gv_v AveZ KivK wb`bxq ej
DjL Kiv nqQ| Iqvwmjv (iv) _K ewYZ nqQ, ivm~jjy v n ejQb:

wèm gv_v AveZ Kiv vbi cwiPq Ges iv Zv m`nRbK ev m`n D`KKvix Kg| 715
3. 10. 2. gv_vq igvj eenvi AbygwZ
Dcii nv`xmwji AvjvK Kvbv Kvbv mvnvex, Zvweqx I c_g hyMi AbK Bgvg I dKxn gv_vq igvj, Pvì
Contents

ev kvj eenvi AcQ` KiQb| Aciw`K c_g wnRix kZvx ev mvnvexMYi hyMi kl w`K _KB evcKfve Avwjg
I avwgK gvbylmn mKj ii gvbyli ga gv_vq kvj ev igvj eenvii cPjb Qvwoq co| Avbvm (iv)-Gi Dcii
K_vq Avgiv Zv `LZ cvwQ|
cieZxKvj AwaKvsk Avwjg Gwji eenvi mg_b KiQb| Avjvgv myq~Zx (911 wn) G welq (
) kvj-igvji dhxjZ nvmvb nv`xmmg~n bvg GKwU cywKv iPbv Kib|716 h mKj nv`xm ivm~jjy v n
igvj ev Pvì viv gv_v AveZ KiZb ej DjL Kiv nqQ m mKj nv`xmi Dci Zuviv wbfi KiQb|
mnxn eyLvixZ msKwjZ nv`xm ivm~jjy v n -Gi wnRiZ mwKZ NUbvejx DjL Ki Avqkv (iv) ejb h,
Ave~ eKi (iv) wnRiZi cw Z MnY KiZ PvBj ivm~jjy vn mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg ZuvK GKUz Acv KiZ
ejb, nqZ GK wnRiZi AbygwZ Avjvn `vb Kieb| Ave~ eKi (iv) cwZ wbq Acv KiZ _vKb| Acvi
w`bwji eYbvq Avqkv (iv) ejb:

GKw`b Avgiv Avgvì evwoZ em AvwQ, ejv ZLb wVK `ycyi, GgZvevq GKRb Ave~ eKiK (iv) ejjb:
HZv ivm~jjy v n | wZwb gv_v AveZ Ki (fi `ycy i) Ggb GK mgq Avgvì evwoZ AvmQb h mgq wZwb KLbv
om
Avgvì evwoZ Avmb bv|... 717
mnxn eyLvixZ msKwjZ Ab nv`xm Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb,
.c

st

tru

bexRx () hLb (ZveyK Mgbi c_) mvg~` mc`vqi Avevmj wnR&i cvi AwZg KiwQjb, ZLb wZwb
h
ejb: G mKj mc`vqi Dci h MRe wbcwZZ nqwQj, Zvgvì DciI Z`c MRe AvmZ cvi Zvi fq `b
na
KiZ KiZ G mKj AZvPvix MRecv mc`vqi Avevmj cek Kie| Gfve `biZ Aevq Qvov G GjvKvq
cek Kie bv| Gici wZwb DUi wcV AvivwnZ AevZB wbRi Mvqi Pvì w`q gv_v I gyLi wKq`sk AveZ Ki
PjZ _vKb|718
un
Dmvgv Beby hvB` (iv) ejb :

ss

[ : ]
.a
w
:
w
ivm~jyjv n Gi (BKvj c~e) Amyv evq Avgiv ZuvK `LZ hvB| Avgiv `wL h, wZwb GKwU Bqvgvbx Pvì
w
viv Zuvi gv_v I Pnviv gyeviK AveZ Ki iLQb| (Avgvì Mgb) wZwb Zuvi Pvì mivjb Ges ejjb: Avjvn
Bw`ìK Awfk Kib; Zviv Zvì bexMYi KeiwjK gmwR` evwbq wbqQ| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|719
Avyjv n Beby Avevm (iv) ejb :
[ ]
(ivm~jjy v n -Gi Bvji KqKw`b c~e Amyvevq) GKw`b wZwb Zuvi Kvco w`q gv_v AveZ Ki (eyLvixi
eYbvq: GKwU Kvj Kvco gv_vq cuwPq) ewiq Avmb...|720
Avbvm Beby gvwjK (iv) ejb:
Contents

.
Avwg QvUQvU evjKì mv_ Ljv KiwQjvg, GgZvevq bexRx () AvMgb Kijb| wZwb GKwU Kvco viv
Zuvi gv_v AveZ Ki iLwQjb| wZwb AvgvK mvjvg w`jb Ges WK wbq GKwU KvR cvwVq GKwU evMvbi
Ìqvji Qvqvq emjb| nv`xmwUi mb` MnYhvM ej cZxqgvb nq| 721
G A_ ewYZ wewfb nv`xm `Lv hvq h, ivm~jjy v n Inx bvwhji Zxe Pvci mgq, Kvbv AcQ`bxq welq
`Lj ev Abyic AbK mgq wbRi Mvqi Pvì w`q gv_v AveZ Ki wbZb| 722
Gfve Dcii mnxn ev MnYhvM nv`xmwj I mgv_K nv`xmi AvjvK Avgiv RvbZ cviwQ h, ivm~jjy v n
KLbv KLbv Mvqi Pvì ev Ab Kvbv Kvco w`q gv_v XvKZb| Ab wKQz hqxd nv`xm gv_vi kvj ev Pvìi cksmv Kiv
nqQ ev ivm~jjy v n Zv ewk ewk eenvi KiZb ej ejv nqQ| G RvZxq KqKwU nv`xm GLvb DjL KiwQ|
g~mv Avj-nvwimx bvgK Zvweqx ejb :
:
ivm~jyjv n Gi wbKU gv_vq eenvii kvj ev Pvìi eYbv c`vb Kiv nq| wZwb ejb: G cvkvKi KZZv
om
cKvk Kiv nq bv| nv`xmwUi mb` `yej | 723
GKwU `yej mb` ewYZ nv`xm Avbvm (iv) _K ewYZ nqQ:
.c
] [
st

tru
ivm~jyjv n AwaKvsk mgq wbRi Kvco viv gv_v AveZ KiZb, (hvZ cvqB gv_vi Pzji Zj wm nZv
Zuvi Mvqi Pvì) dj Zuvi Kvco ZjweZvi Kvcoi gZ gb nZv|724
h
Ab GKwU AZ `yej ev Rvj mbì nv`xm ewYZ nqQ h, ivm~jyjvn kPvMvi Mgbi mgq I x-Mgbi
na
mgq gv_v AveZ KiZb| Avqkv (iv) _K ewYZ G nv`xm wZwb ejb:

un
bexRx () hLb kPvMvi Mgb KiZb ZLb Zuvi gK AveZ KiZb Ges hLb Zuv i xi wbKU Mgb KiZb
ss
ZLb Zuvi gK AveZ KiZb|

.a
nv`xmwUi GKgv eYbvKvix ZZxq kZKi ivex gynvv` Beby BDb~m Beby gymv Avj-Kz`vBgx (185-286wn)|
GKgv wZwbB ejQb h, ZvK Lvwj` Beby Avyi ivngvb, ZvK mywdqvb mvIix, ZvK wnkvg Beby DiIqv, ZvK DiIqv
w
Bebyh hyevBi Ges ZvK Avqkv (iv) G nv`xmwU ejQb| Avqkv _K ev cieZx ivexì _K Ab Kvbv m~
w
nv`xmwU ewYZ nq wb|

Kz`vBgx bvgK G ivex AbK nv`xm eYbv KiQb| wK Zvi mgmvgwqK I cieZx gynvwmMY Zvi eYbv wbixv
w
Ki ZvK ZB wg_vev`x ej DjL KiQb| Beby Av`x ejb, Kz`vBgx nv`xm RvwjqvwZi AwfhvM Awfhy| wZwb
Ggb me gynvwmi wbKU nv`xm bQb ej `vwe KiZb hvì wZwb Rxeb `kbI Kib wb| Beby wnevb ejb,
Kz`vBgx cvq 1000 nv`xm Rvj KiQ| `vivKzZbx, hvnvex Abvb gynvwmI Gfve ZvK wg_vev`x I RvwjqvZ ej DjL
KiQb| GZ cZxqgvb nq h, G nv`xmwUI Kz`vBgxi RvwjqvwZi Afy|725
kPvMvi Mgbi mgq gK AveZ Kivi welq Ab GKwU nv`xm `yej mb` ewYZ nqQ| Beby mv`, evBnvKx
cgLy gynvwm Zuvì mb` wZxq wnRix kZvxi Zvwe-Zvweqx ivex Ave~ evKi Beby Avyjv n Beby Avex gvwiqvg (gZz
156wn) _K eYbv KiQb, wZwb ejb, Zvi mgmvgwqK ivex Zvwe-Zvweqx nvexe Beby mvwjn Zvqx (g. 147wn) ejQb,

Contents

ivm~jjy v n hLb kPvMvi cek KiZb ZLb Zuvi RyZv cwiavb KiZb Ges gv_v AveZ KiZb|
evBnvKx, Avyi ivEd gybvex I Abvb gynvwm DjL KiQb h, nv`xmwUi mb` wwea `yej Zv iqQ| c_gZ
nvexe Beby mvwjn GKRb Zvwe-Zvweqx| wZwb Kvbv mvnvexK `Lb wb| wZwb GK ev GKvwaK Zvweqxi gvag nv`xmwU
bQb| wK wZwb Zvì bvg DjL Kib wb| dj mb` wewQb nIqvi KviY nv`xmwU `yej| wZxqZ nvexe Beby mvwjn
_K nv`xmwUi GKgv eYbvKvix Ave~ evKi Beby Avyjv n Beby Avex gwiqg| GB Ave~ eKi GKRb `yej ivex|726
Ab GKwU AZ `yej mb` ewYZ nv`xm Avyjvn Beby Dgvii (iv) m~ ejv nqQ :

Kuvai Dci w`q Pvì cwiavb Kiv Avieì cvkvK cwiavb cwZ| Avi gv_vi Dci w`q Pvì cwiavb Kiv
Cgvbi (gywgbì) cvkvK cwiavb cwZ| ivm~jjy v n gv_vi Dci w`q Rwoq Pvì cwiavb KiZb|727
G nv`xmwUi mb` AZ hqxd ev evbvqvU chvqi| Avjvgv b~ixb nvBmvgx (708wn) nv`xmwU DjL Ki
ejb: G nv`xmwU eYbv KiQb mvC` Beby wmbvb kvgx| wZwb AZ `yej eYbvKvix wQjb|728 Bgvg eyLvix, Bgvg
bvmvC I Abvb gynvwm ZvK wg_v nv`xm eYbvi AwfhvM Awfhy I cwiZ ej DjL KiQb|729
om
Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, nv`xmwU AwbfihvM ev evbvqvU chvqi| Zv mI Gi A_ AvjvPbv KiQb Kvbv
Kvbv Avwjg| nvKxg wZiwghx (300 wn) I Abvb Avwjg Gi evLvq ejb: AvieMY hyMhyM ai mjvB wenxb Ljv jyw
(Bhvi) I Pvì cwiavb KiZb| Zuviv Kuvai Dci w`q Pvì ciZb| Avi B`xMY hyMhyM ai gv_v I gyLi wKq`sk
.c
AveZ Ki Pvì cwiavb KiZb| G cKvi cvkvKi ga webq I jv cKvk cvq| gywgb ev`v mvi cwZ webq I
st
jvq wbRi gv_v I gyL AveZ Ki ivLb| GRb Bn~`xì G cwiavb cwZK gywgbMYi cwiavb-cwZ ej ejv
nqQ| G mKj Avwjgi gZ, Bw`MY hnZz bexMYi eskai GRb bexMYi AbyKiY Zuvì ga Gfve gv_v AveZ
tru
Kivi Afvm Mo IV|730
GKwU AZ `yej ev evbvqvU mb` ewYZ nv`xm Avyjv n Beby gvmE` (iv) ejQb:
h

na
igvj ev Pvì viv gv_v AveZ Kiv bexMYi AvLjvKi ga MY Ges ivm~jjy v n gv_vq igvj ev Pvì
un
eenvi KiZb|
Bgvg bvmvC ejb: G nv`xmi eYbvKvix gyAvjv Beby wnjvj wg_v nv`xm evwbq ejZ| Bgvg Beby DAvBbv ejb:
ss
GB gyAvjv bvgK ewK wg_v nv`xm ejvi Aciva gZz ` Ìqv cqvRb wQj|731
wKbv ( )ev igvj welqK GKwU nv`xm cvMwoi AbyQ` AvjvwPZ nqQ| D nv`xm ejv nqQ: Zvgiv
.a
AbveZ gv_vq Ges cvMwo, cw ev igvj gv_vq gmwR` Avme; KviY cvMwo gymwjgMYi gyKzU| Avgiv `LwQ h
w
nv`xmwU AZ `yej ev evbvqvU|

mvnvexMYi gaI gv_vi igvj eenvii cPjb wQj ej wKQz eYbv cvIqv hvq| 732
w
Avgiv `LwQ h, kPvMvi Mgbi mgq gK AveZ Kivi welq ivm~jjy v n _K ewYZ nv`xmwj Rvj ev
w
AZ `yej| Ze G A_ Ave~ eKi (iv) _K mnxn mb` nv`xm ewYZ nqQ| wZwb Zuvi GK Iqvh ejb :

n gymwjgMY, Zvgiv AvjvnK jv Ki| hvi nvZ Avgvi Rxeb Zvi (gnvb Avjvni) Kmg, Avwg hLb cKw Zi
WvK mvov w`Z Lvjv cvi hvB ZLbv gnvb cfy _K jvi AbyfywZZ Avwg Avgvi Kvco w`q gv_v AveZ Ki
Contents

ivwL| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|733
3. 10. 3. gv_vq igvj eenvi AvwjgMYi gZvgZ
Dcii AbygwZ ev Drmvn vcK nv`xmwji AvjvK cieZx hyMi AwavKsk Avwjg gv_vq igvj, kvj ev Pvì
eenvi KivK mg_b KiQb| Gwj eenvii wei ewYZ nv`xmwj Zuviv wewfbfve evLv KiQb|
Zuviv ejb, meZ LvBevii Bw`MYi ga gv_vq igvj eenvii cPjb ewk wQj, hv ZrKvjxb Ab mgvR
ev g`xbvi mgvR GZ evcKfve wQj bv| GRb Avbvm Beby gvwjK (iv) hLb emivq AvMgb Kib Ges gvbyli ga Gi
evcK eenvi `LZ cvb ZLb wZwb ZvìK LvBevii Bw`ì mv_ Zzjbv Kib| Gviv cgvwYZ nq bv h, gv_vq
igvj eenvi gvKin| A_ev Ggb nZ cvi h, G mKj igvji iO ev cwZ wZwb AcQ` KiQb| ejv nq h, Gwj
njy` iOi igvj wQj, mRb wZwb Zv AcQ` KiQb|734
Zuviv Aviv ejb h, Dci DwjwLZ wewfb nv`xm viv igvj ev Pvì viv gv_v AveZ Kiv Rvqh ej cgvwYZ
nq| KvRB ay Bw`ì eenvii mv_ wgj nIqvi KviY GK bv Rvqh ejv hvq bv| Avjvgv Beby nvRvi AvmKvjvbx
(852wn) ejb, h hyM gv_vq igvj ev kvj eenvi Kiv ay Bw`ìB ixwZ wQj mB hyM GK AcQ` Kivi my hvM
wQj| GLb Avi mB Aev bB| KvRB gv_vi igvj ev Pvì eenvi mvaviY gyevn welqwji Af y ej MY ne|
AbK mgq AbK mgvR G cvkvK mgvwRK AvPiYi Ask ej MY nZ cvi | m Zv cwiZvM Kiv AbywPZ|
KviY GgZvevq Zv eenvi bv Kij Avwjgi ewZ ev ghv`v wZM nZ cvi|735
om
3. 10. 4. igvj eenvi welqK nv`xmwji cwZcv`
K. gv_vq igvj Pvì ev kvj cwiavb Avcw vcK wKQz mnxn nv`xm ewYZ nqQ, hvZ GK B`xì cvkvK
.c
ej Avcw Rvbvbv nqQ| Aciw`K KqKwU mnxn nv`xm ewYZ nqQ h, ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg
st
wbR I Zuvi mvnvexMY KLbv KLbv gv_vq igvj ev Pvì eenvi KiQb ev Mvqi Pvì w`q gv_v AveZ KiQb|
cieZxKvj Gi ej cPjb i nq| tru
L. gv_vi igvj ev Pvì eenvii c I wec Dfq A_ ek wKQz hqxd ev AwbfihvM nv`xmI ewYZ
nqQ|
h
M. gv_vq igvj ev Pvì eenvi Kiv ev Mvqi Pvì w`q gv_v AveZ Kivi dhxjZ, ghv`v ev iZ cKvkK Kvbv
na
mnxn nv`xm Avgiv `LZ cvBwb| G welq ewYZ mnxn nv`xmwj _K ay Rvbv hvq h, ivm~jyjv n KLbv KLbv Pvì ev
igvj w`q ev wbRi Mvqi Pvì (wi`v) w`q gv_v AveZ KiQb| `ycyii iv`, `bi KviY, AmyZvi KviY ev Abyic
un
Kvbv KviY wZwb wbRi Mvqi Pvì w`q ev Ab AwZwi Kvbv Kvco w`q gv_v AveZ KiQb ej GmKj nv`xm _K
eySv hvq| Ze wZwb mvaviYfve ev AwaKvsk mgq Gfve gv_v AveZ KiZb ev gv_v AveZ Kivi Rb c_K kvj, Pvì ev
ss
igvj eenvi KiZb ej G mKj nv`xm _K eySv hvq bv| wZwb AwaKvsk mgq igvj ev Pvì viv gv_v AveZ KiZb ev
gv_v AveZ KiZ Drmvn w`qQb A_ ewYZ nv`xmwj hqxd ev AwbfihvM|
.a
N. c~eeZx Aavq AvjvwPZ nv`xmmg~n I G ggi Abvb AMwYZ nv`xmi AvjvK Avgiv eySZ cvwi h,
w
ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg I mvnvexMY mvaviYZ gv_vq cvMwo eenvi KiZb Ges cvMwoi Dci igvj
w
eenvi KiZb bv| cvMwo welqK AMwYZ nv`xm Kv_vI cvMwoi Dci igvj eenvii K_v DjL Kiv nq wb| GQvov
Uzwc ev cvMwoi Dci igvj eenvi Kij gv_vi Uzwc, cvMwo ev cvMwoi cvi Szj `Lv hvq bv GQvov GgZvevq cvMwo
w
cuPvbvi cwZ I cvMwoi wbP Uzwci eYbv Ìqv hvq bv| ivm~jjy vn -Gi Uzwci weeiY, gv_v DPz KivZ Uzwc co
hvIqv, cvMwoi eYbv, cvMwoi wbP Uzwc bv _vKv ev _vKvi eYbv c`vb, Uzwci iO ev AvKwZi eYbv BZvw` AMwYZ nv`xm
_K Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, AwaKvsk mgq ivm~jjy v n I mvnvexMY gv_vq igvj eenvi KiZb bv|
P. Dcii mKj nv`xmi AvjvK Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, Zuviv mvaviYZ Uzw c ev cvMwo A_ev Uzwc I cvMwo
eenvi KiZb Ges KLbv KLbv igvj eenvi KiZb| Avevi KLbv Lvwj gv_vqI Pjvdiv KiZb| mybvZ mZ
Kvbv cvkvKK Aenjv Kiv gywgbi DwPZ bq| Abyicfve G welq ivm~jjy v n I mvnvexMYi mybv Z cwiZvM Ki
h Kvbv GKwU cvkvK me`v cwiavb KivK dhxjZ gb KivI AbywPZ| gnvb AvjvnB fvj Rvbb|
3. 11. mybv Zi AvjvK cPwjZ cvkvKvw`
Avgiv GZY Bmjvgx cvkvKi ewk, weavb I G welq mybv Z beexi welq AvjvPbv KiwQ| GLb Avgiv
Dchy AvjvPbvi wfwZ Avgvì `k cPwjZ cyilì cvkvKvw` mK msc gZvgZ e Kie| gwnjvì
Contents

cvkvKvw` mK cieZx Aavq AvjvPbv Kie, Bbkv Avjvn|
c~eB DjL KiwQ h, weki hLvbB Kvbv RbMvx Bmjvgi QvqvZj Avkq wbqQb, Zuviv Zuvì `kxq
cwigj I `kxq cwieki AvjvK wbR^ cvkvK-cwiQì ixwZ Mo ZzjQb| Bmjvg-c~e `kxq cvkvK cwiQì
mv_ wewfb Bmjvgx mgvRi cvkvKi mswgkY NwUq wbR^ cvkvK-cwiQ` I cvkvK cwiavb ixwZ Mo ZzjQb Zuviv|
cvkvKi gaI gymwjgi wbR^ cwiwPwZ I ^vZ ivi cPv mKj gymwjg mgvRB cwijwZ nq| Avgvì evsjv`k Z_v
fviZxq Dcgnv`ki gymwjg mgvRI Gi ewZg bq|
Avgvì `ki gymwjg mgvRi bvixcyili ga Bmjvg-c~e wewfb fviZxq cvkvK cwiQì cvkvcvwk wewfb
gymwjg mgvRi cPwjZ cvkvK I BDivcxq cvkvKvw` cPwjZ iqQ| Bmjvgx `wKvY _K G mKj cvkvKi eaZv,
MnYhvMZv, Bmjvgx ghv`v BZvw` welq agcv Y gymwjgì ga AbK cKvi gZfÌ mgvR eZgvb| weZwKZ welq
gZvgZ cKvki gZ hvMZv ev AwaKvi Avgvi AvQ ej Avwg gb Kwi bv| Ze hnZz hKvbv eBqi cvVK AvjvP
welq jLKi my gZvgZ RvbZ Pvb, mnZz Avwg h_vmva fve Avgvi gZvgZ cKvki Pv Kie|
cvkvKi c_g I cavb Dk AvDivZ ev kixii Mvcb Ask AveZ Kiv| hw` Kvbv cvkvK wWRvBb, mxYZv,
^QZv ev Ab Kvbv KviY GB dih Dk c~iY e_ nq Zvnj Zv cwiavb Kiv ea bq, Zv h cvkvKB nvK| cyil
mZi bvwf _K nuvUz ch AveZ Kiv| wbg AvjvwPZ mKj cvkvKi G eaZvi c_g kZ|
cyili h Kvbv cvkvK Rvqh nIqvi Rb Abvb kZvewji ga AbZg Zv UvLby AveZ Kie bv, ikgi
om
Kvco Zwi ne bv, gwnjvì Rb wbavwiZ wWRvBb Zwi ne bv, Kvbv Agymwjg RvwZi ev Kvbv cvcx Mvxi eeZ
wekl wWRvBb Zwi ne bv| G kZwj cyiY mvc evsjv`k cPwjZ wewfb cvkvKi weavb msc AvjvPbvi Pv
Kie| gnvb Avjvni wbKU ZvIdxK I KeywjqZ cv_bv KiwQ|
.c
3. 11. 1. jyw
st
evsjv`k cPwjZ cvkvKi ga wbgvsM AveZ Kivi Rb mevwaK eeZ cvkvK jyw| ivm~jjy v n -Gi eeZ
tru
Bhvii mv_ Gi cv_K AwZ mvgvb| jyw& Avgiv `yB gv_v GK mjvB Ki cwiavb Kwi| RvwZ ag wbwekl mKj
evOvjxi gaB GBic jyw cwiavb cPwjZ| c~ei AvjvPbv _K Avgiv eySZ cviwQ h, G cvkvK gyevn ev Rvqh, hw`
h
Abvb kZwj c~iY nq| hw` jywi iO, KvwUs, cwiavb cwZ Kvbv weagx ev cvcx Mvxi wekl cwZi AbyKiY nq, h
na
fve jyw cwiavb Kij mgvRi gvbyl c_g bRiB mB Mvxi gvbylì K_v wPv Ki Zvnj Zv wbwl ne| jywi
Gic Kvbv chvq Avgvì Rvbv bB| GQvov G gyevn ev Rvqh cvkvK hw` KD wm ev ikgi Kvco w`q Zwi Kib,
un
A_ev mZi AbveZ Ki ev UvLby AveZ Ki cwiavb Kib Zv nj Zv bvRvqh ne|

3. 11. 2. aywZ
ss
aywZ g~jZ ivm~jjy v n -Gi hyM eeZ eo Pvìi gZ hv w`q Kuva _K cv ch AveZ Kiv nZv| Ze cwiavb
cwZ m~Y fviZxq| Avgiv `LwQ h, cwiavb cwZi I Agymwjg mc`vqi weivwaZv KiZ ivm~jjy v n evisevi
.a
wb`k w`qQb| GK mgq fviZi gymwjgì ga aywZ cPwjZ wQj| ZLbI gymwjg AvwjgMY gymwjgìK jywi Kvq`vq
w
aywZ cwavb KiZ Drmvn c`vb KiZb| hb gymwjgì ^vZ eRvq _vK| eZgvb evsjv`k gymwjg mgvR aywZ eeZ
bq| GLb aywZ GKvfve wn`y mc`vqi cvkvK ej MY| KD aywZ cij c_g `wZB evsjv`ki h Kvbv gymwjg ev
w
wn`y ZvK wn`y ej gb Kieb| KvRB Agymwjg mc`vqi AbyKiY nZy aywZ wbwl cvkvK ej MY| GLvb jYxq g~jZ
w
cwiavb cwZi KviYB aywZ wbwl ne| GRb GKv cqvRb mybv Z mZ Pvìi cwZZ ev jywi cwZZ cwiavb Kij
Zv wbwl ne bv|
3. 11. 3. cvRvgv, cvU
Avgiv BZvc~e `LwQ h, mKj cKvi cvRvgv, mjvqvi I cvU mvaviYfve nv`xm ewYZ mvivexj ev
cvRvgvi Afy | mvivexj ev cvRvgvi KvwUs ev wWRvBb m nv`xm wfwK Kvbv weeiY Avgvi `wMvPi nqwb|
GRb mvaviYfve mjvqvi, cvRvgv, cvU BZvw` ea ev Rvqh cvkvK| KvwUs, wWRvBb, AvKwZ, Kvcoi iO, Kvcoi
cvZjv ev gvUv nIqv, evZvg, wdZv ev Pb jvMvbvi KviY eaZvi weavbi nidi nIqvi Kvbv KviY bB| ay
Dcii wbwl welqwj `LZ ne| hw` Kvbv wekl wWRvBbi cvRvgv ev cvU wm ev ikgi Zwi nq, mZi AveZ
bv Ki, UvLby AveZ Ki ev Kvbv Agymwjg ev cvcx mc`vqi wekl cvkvK ej weewPZ nq Zvnj Zv wbwl ne|
hgb, wekl aibi cvU hv ay wnwMYB ci, hv `Lj c_g `wZB mB mc`vqi K_v gb nq Zvnj Zv civ
wbwl ev AcQ`bxq ne| G_K Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, Avgvì `k cPwjZ mvaviY cvRvgv, mjvqvi, wXjXvjv c~Y
mZi AveZKvix UvLby Lvjv cvU BZvw` Rvqh I mybv Z mZ cvkvK|
3. 11. 4. Rvwqv, nvdcvU BZvw`
Contents

Avgiv `LwQ h, ivm~jjy v n I mvnvexMYi hyM Zzevb ev nvdcvU civi cPjb wQj| cvRvg, Lvjv jyw,
wcinvb BZvw` cvkvKi mv_ AwZwi mZKZv wnmve nvdcvU, nuvUzi Dci Aewa ev nuvUz Aewa QvU cvRvgv cwiavb Kiv
nZv| n-Dgivni Bnivg Aevq cvRvgv cwiavb wbwl G Rb mvaviYfve mvnvexMY I dKxnMY n Aevq Zzevb
cwiavb wbla KiZb| Zv mI Kvbv Kvbv mvnvex-Zvweqx Bnivg AevZI G aibi nvd-cvU cwiavb KiZb I
KiZ Drmvn w`Zb, mZi ivi AwZwi mZKZv wnmve|736
Gfve Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, mZi AveZKvix Ab cvkvKi wbP mZi ivi AwZwi mZKZv wnmve G RvZxq cvkvK
cwiavb mybv Z mZ|
3. 11. 5. Pvì
c~ei AvjvPbv _K Avgiv `LwQ h, Pvì mybvZ mZ cvkvK| Ze wekl cwZi KviY Zv wbla nZ
cvi| Miqv iO, wn`y ev e mbvmxì wekl cwZZ Pvì cwiavb wbwl ne|
3. 11. 6. Mw, dZzB BZvw`
mvaviY cPwjZ Mw RvZxq Kvbv cvkvK ivm~jjy v n -Gi hyM cPwjZ wQj ej RvbZ cvwiwb| Ze Avgiv
BZvc~e `LwQ h, nv`xm Kvev k eenvi Kiv nqQ| Kvev A_ QvU KvZv hvi mvgb ev wcQb m~Y Lvjv hvq|
Avgvì `k eeZ dZzB AbKUv G cKvii| GQvov Avgiv GKwU nv`xm ivm~jyjv n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvgi ^ci
ga eyK ch Kvgxm-Gi DjL `LwQ| nvZv Iqvjv eo Mw, QvU cvvwe BZvw` AbKUv G chvqi|
om
mevevq cvkvKi welq Bmjvgx g~jbxwZi wfwZ Mw, dZzB BZvw` Rvqh cvkvK| Qwe, KvwUs ev
wWRvBbi KviY Kvbv Agymwjg ev cvcx Mvxi AbyKiY RwbZ AeaZv ev Ab Kvbv mywbw` KviY bv _vKj Zv ea
.c
cvkvK|
st
3. 11. 7. cvvwe, wcinvb BZvw`
kixii Dcivsk AveZ Kivi Rb evsjv`k wewfb cKvii cvvwe eenvi Kiv nq| kvwKfve Gwj meB
tru
Kvgxm Gi Afy| Ze Avgiv `LwQ h, ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg Gi hyM eeZ Kvgxm-Gi Szj nuvUzi
wbP _vKZ| KLbv wbmd mvK ev Zvi KvQvKvwQ Ges KLbv UvLby ch j^v _vKZ|
h
Avgiv Aviv `LwQ h, hnZz cqvRb ay GKwU wbmd mvK Kvgxm cwiavb KiB mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv nZv
na
mnZz ^fveZB Zvi wbgcv gvwi gZ Mvj nZ| `yB w`K _K ev GK w`K _K Kvbv
duvovi Kvbv myhvM ev cPjb wQj ej Rvbv hvq bv|
un
G_K Avgiv ejZ cvwi h, hw` KD e ivm~jjy v n -Gi AbyKiY KiZ Pvb Ze wZwb G aibi wcinvb ev
j^v I Mvj cvvwe cwiavb Kieb| G aibi Kvgxm cwiavbi Rb Kvbv wekl wb`k nv`xm bB| Ze mvaviYfve
ss
ivm~jjy v n -Gi e AbyKiYi dhxjZ G ew ARb Kieb| GQvov Avgiv `LwQ h, Kvgxm ivm~jyjv n -Gi
.a
mevwaK cQ`bxq cvkvK wQj| G cQì Abym iYI G aibi cvkvK cvwjZ ne ej Avkv Kiv hvq|
Avgvì `k cPwjZ Ab mKj cKvi mKj Szj I KvwUs-Gi cvvwe mvaviYfve Rvqh cvkvK| Szj, KvwUs,
w
wWRvBb BZvwì KviY wekl Kvbv cwieZb nq bv| hw` Kvbv wekl KvwUs ev wWRvBb Kvbv Agymwjg ev cvcx mc`vqi
w
cvkvK wnmve weklfve cvwiwPwZ jvf Ki Zvnj Zv cwiavb wbwl ev AcQ`bxq ne| Abyicfve UvLby AveZ Ki
cwiavb Kiv ev ikgx Kvcoi cvvwe eenvi wbwl|
w
3. 11. 8. kvU
BDivcxq Dcwbeki c~e G`k kvUi cPjb wQj bv| kvU BDivcxq Kvgxm| dZzB, QvU cvvwe I KvZvi
mv_ kvUi g~j cv_K Kjvi| G Kjvi BDivcxq, Lxq bq| A_v r G Kjvi Lvb agi Kvbv cZxK ev avwgK
Lvbì eeZ Kvbv cvkvK bq| hgb kvox, jyw BZvw` cvkvK wn`y agxq bq, fviZxq| Ze hnZz G aibi
Kjvi wewk Rvgv eenvi G`ki gymwjg mgvR cPwjZ wQj bv, mnZz gymwjg AvwjgMY Gwj eenvi wbla Kib|
KviY GZ Agymwjg we`kxì AbyKiY Kiv nq|
GKRb gymwjg Zvi `k cPwjZ gyevn cvkvK cwiavb KiZ cvib| A_ev wZwb ivm~jjy v n I Zuvi mvnvexMYi
AbyKiY Kieb| wZwb Dfq cKvii cvkvK cwiZvM Ki we`kx Kvbv Agymwjg mc`vqi ga cPwjZ cvkvK cij Zv
AvcwRbK Kg ej MY|
G bxwZi AvjvK AvwjgMY ejb, GKRb BDivcxq gymwjg ^fveZB Zvi `k cPwjZ cvkvK Bmjvgx
g~jbxwZi AvIZvq cwiavb Kieb| GRb BDivcxq gymwjgì Rb mvaviYfve kvU cwiavb Kvbv Amyweav bB|
Ze Dcgnv`ki gymwjgì Rb Zv AvcwRbK I AcQ`bxq, KviY Zv AcqvRbxq weRvZxq AbyKiY|
Contents
Avgiv Rvwb h, eenvii cwieZbi dj cvkvKi weavb cwiewZZ nZ cvi| nv`xm h cvkvK ev Kg
AbyK iYi KviY wbla ev AcQ` Kiv nqQ Zv me`v AcwiewZZ _vKe| Abvb welq AbyKiYi Aev cwiewZZ
nZ cvi| aywZ GKmgq gymwjg mgvR cPwjZ wQj| eZgvb Zv wn`yì gaB mxgve| GLb Zv wn`y mc`vqi
wekl cvkvK ej weewPZ| Avgiv cieZx Aavq `Le h, kvwo fviZxq cvkvK| evsjv`k Zv gymwjg I Agymwjg
mevi ga cPwjZ| wK ga I cwg fviZi gymwjgMY GK wn`y cvkvK ej weePbv Kib|
kvUi AevI Gfve cwiewZZ nqQ| eZgvb kvU Avi BDivcxq bq| eis weki cvq mKj `kB RvwZ,
ag wbwekl mKj gvbyl Zv cwiavb Ki| Avgvì `kI Zv ej eeZ| Kvbv ewK kvU cwiwnZ `Lj KDB
c_g `wZ ZvK BDivcxq, we`kx ev Lvb ej gb Kib bv| Ze kvU cwiavbKvixK mgvRi gvbyliv c _g `wZ
`xb`vi bq ej gb Kib| Avi wbRi agxq cwiPq ev `xb`vwi cKvkK I `xb`vi gvbylì AbyK iY cvkvK cwiavbB
mKj gywgbi DwPZ|
Avgvì gb nq mvaviY gvbylì Rb mvaviY I ^vfvweK kvU eenvi Mvbvni KvR bv njI AbywPZ ev Abyg ej
MY| gywgbi DwPZ cqvRb Qvov Gic cvkvK cwinvi Ki h cvkvK cwiavb Kij c_g `wZB gymwjg ej gb nq mB
cvkvK cwiavb Kiv| Avi h cvkvK ivm~jjy vn -Gi e AbyKiYi Rb AwZwi mvIqve cvIqv hvq mvagZ m cvkvK
cwiavb KivB Cgvbi `vwe|
Aciw`K Avwjg, Bmjvg cPviK ev Abyic gvbylì Rb kvU cwiavb ewk AvcwRbK| AbK gyevn ev Rvqh
om
KvRI Avwjgì Rb AvcwKi ej weewPZ, hvK wdKni cwifvlvq Ljvd gyiAvZ ev ewZi cwicx ejv nq|
kvU cwiavb Avwjg ev Bmjvgx Kg wjì Rb ewZi cwicx I ewk AvcwRbK|
.c
3. 11. 9. KvU, kiIqvbx BZvw`
st
beex hyM Kvev ev KvZv eenvii cPjb wQj| mvaviYfve KvU AvKwZi myLfvM cyiv Lvjv hvq GBic
cvkvKK Kvev ejv nq| Avgvì `ki KvU, KvZv, kivqvbx, m`wiqv, nvZvnxb QvU KvU BZvw` meB G chvqi|
tru
Kvbv Kvbv weeiY `Lv hvq h, Kvevi wcQb w`K _K Lvjv I jvMvbvi eev _vKZ ev Kvevi evZvg wcQb ivLviI
cPjb wQj| mevevq g~j cvkvKi Dci kixii gvc evbvbv mvgb ev wcQb m~Y Lvjv KvZv RvZxq mKj
h
cvkvKB G chq co|
na
ivm~jjy v n ()-Gi hyMi KvU, kivqvbx ev KvZvi Szj nuvUzi wbP _vKZ ejB eySv hvq| Avgiv Dgvi (iv) Gi
GKwU nv`xm `LwQ h, wZwb Zzevb ev nvd-cvUi mv_ Kvev A_ev Kvgxm cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vqi K_v ejQb|
un
^fveZB nvdcvU mZi cyiv AveZ nq bv| hnZz Kvgxm ev wcinvb Ges Kvev ev KvZvi Szj nuvUzi wbP _vK m Rb
Gwji mv_ Zzevb cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vqi K_v wZwb ejQb| Beby nvRvi ejb: Kvgxm I Kvevi vivB mZi
ss
AveZ nq, GRb Gwji mv_ nvdcvU civ Pj| Pvìi mv_ ciZ nj Pvì eo nZ ne Ges mZi AveZ Ki
ciZ ne|737
.a
Kvbv Kvbv cwm Zvweqx ay Kvev cwiavb KiI mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb ej Rvbv hvq| Zviv ejZb Kvevi
w
wbgvsk fvj Ki Rwoq mZi AveZ KiZ cvij Kvevi mv_ Bhvi ev Ab wKQz cwiavb Kivi cqvRb bB| 738
w
Gfve Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, mvnvex-ZvweqxMYi hyM Kvev ev KvUi Szj _vKZ wbmd mvK ev nuvUz _K wKQz
wbP ch| Ze eo KvU, QvU KvU, nvZvnxb KvU, wcKvU, kiIqvbx BZvw` meB G chvqi mybvZ mZ ev Rvqh
w
cvkvK ej MY ne| Ze wekl KvwUs, wWRvBb, Kjvi BZvwì KviY hw` Zv Kvbv cvcx ev Agymwjg mc`vqi
wbR^ cvkvK ej MY nq Zvnj Zv cwiZvM KiZ ne|
3. 11. 10. Rye v
Avgiv `LwQ h, eo Pvì ev MvDb AvKwZi cvkvK hvi nvZv _vK Ges mvgbi Ask Lvjv _vK ZvK Ryev
ejv nq| mvaviY cvkvKi Dci Zv civ nq| ivm~jjy v n gvS ga Ryev cwiavb KiZb| wekl Ki Rygy Av, C`,
gngvbì Af_bv, BZvw` Abyvb wZwb Zv ciZb| Avgvì `k ^ cwimi Kvbv Kvbv Bgvg Zv cwiavb Kib|
G cvkvK mybv Z mZ| Ze Avgvì `k AcPwjZ nIqvi KviY Zv cwmw ARb Gi cvkvK cwiYZ nZ cvi|
GRb ay mybv Z-mZ Abyvb A_vr Rygy Av, C` BZvwì ga Gi eenvi mxwgZ ivLv Dg ej gb nq|
3. 11. 11. UvB
eZgvb Avgvì `k cPwjZ I eeZ cyilì cvkvKi ga iqQ UvB| UvB m~Y BDivcxq cvkvK|
AwaKvsk MelKi gZ GwU Lxq agi cZxK| BDivci LvbMY gahyM Mjvq zk SzjvZb| gv^q G zkB
Contents

UvBq icvwiZ nq| UvBGi mv_ UvBwcb jvwMq GK GKwU cwic~Y ki ic Ìqv nq| gymwjgi Rb yk eenvi
g~jZ Kzdix| ymi Qwehy cvkvKI wbwl| Kvbv Agymwjg mc`vqi agxq cvkvKi AbyKiY nvivg| GRb
AwaKvsk Avwjg UvB cwiavb wbwl ev nvivg ej MY KiQb|
KD KD Aek ejZ Pvb h, UvB mvaviY BDivcxq cvkvK, Lvb agi cZxK bq| Ze gywgbi DwPr
mevevq UvB cwiavb cwiZvM Kiv| UvB hw` g~jZ ymi cZxK bvI nq Ze Zv evnZ mi cZxK| Kvbv gywgb G
aibi AcqvRbxq A_P m`nhy I evnZ wkiKi cZxK Kvbv cvkvK cwiavb KiZ cvib bv|
3. 11. 12. Uzwc
gv_v AveZ Kivi Rb gv_vi AvKwZZ Zwi cvkvKK Uzwc ejv nq| Uzwci dhxjZ ev Uzwc cwiavb Drmvn c`vb
g~jK Kvbv mnxn ev hqxd nv`xm Avgvì `wMvPi nq wb| Ze Avgiv `LwQ h, ivm~jyjv n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv
mvjvg I mvnvexMYi mvaviY mybv Z wQj gv_v AveZ Ki ivLv| Avi GRb mvaviYZ Zuviv Uzwc eenvi KiZb| KLbv
Uzwci Dci cvMwoI eenvi KiZb|
c~ee Zx Aavq Uzwci AvjvPbvq Avgiv `LwQ h, ivm~jjy v n I mvnvexMY wewfb iOi I wewfb cKvii Uzwc
cwiavb KiZb| wekl Kvbv iO ev cKvii Dci iZ Avivc Kiv nq wb| wewfb nv`xm _K GKwU welq fvjfve
Rvbv hvq h, ivm~jjy v n -Gi Uzwc gv_vi mv_ jM _vKZ Ges wZwb mv`v Uzwc cwiavb KiZb| GQvov Kvbmn Uzwc,
wQ`mn Uzwc, mvgb Avovjmn Uzwc BZvw` wewfb cKvii Uzwc Zuviv cwiavb KiZb|
om
G_K Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, Uzwci g~j mybv Z gv_vi AvKwZZ cvkvK Zwi Ki Zv w`q gv_v AveZ Kiv|
mv`v I gv_vi mv_ jM _vKv Uzwc cwiavb Kij iO I AvKwZi AwZwi mybv Z cvwjZ ne| Avi h Kvbv cKvii
.c
Uzwc cwiavb KijB gv_v AveZ Kivi mybv Z cvwjZ ne, hZY bv mB Uzwc KvwUs, wWRvBb, iO BZvwì KviY Kvbv
Agymwjg ev cvcx mc`vqi wekl cvkvK ej weewPZ bv nq| G Avgiv KqKwU D`vniY weePbv KiZ cvwi:
st
1. Avgiv `LwQ h, ivm~jjy v n I mvnvexMYi cwiwnZ UzwcK AviexZ Kzvn ejv nqQ| Kzvn A_ KD
tru
ejQb QvU Uzwc Avi KD ejQb: Mvj Uzwc| Avgiv `ywU A_ GK MnY Ki ejZ cvwi Zuvì cwiwnZ Uzwcwj Mvj
I QvU wQj, hv cij gv_vi mv_ jM _vKZ| G_K Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, Mvj I QvU Uzwc mybv Z mZ| Avevi Avgiv
h
Rvwb h, GKevi QvU Mvj Uzwc B`xì wekl cvkvK| GRb wekl Ki BDivc, AvgwiKv I Abvb h mKj mgvR
na
B`xiv Gic wekl Uzwci Rb cwiwPZ m mKj mgvR gymwjgMYK AekB Uzwci AvKwZi B`xì mv_ cv_K
iv KiZ ne| Ggb QvU I Mvj Uzwc cwiavb Kiv hve bv, h Uzwc `Lj mgvRi mvaviY gvbyl c_g `wZB ZvK B`x
un
ej gb Kieb|
2. fviZi eyniv wkqv mc`vq evZbx BmvgCjxq wkqvMYi GKwU `j| Zviv me`v GK wekl wWRvBbi Mvj Uzwc
ss
eenvi Kib| myì AvKwZi G Mvj Uzwcwji Dci mvbvjx GK aibi wWRvBb Kiv _vK| Zvì mgvRi gvbyliv Uzwc
`LjB ejZ cvib h, jvKwU eyniv wkqv| ni mgq `~i _KB Uzwc `L eySv hvq h, jvKwU eyniv wkqv| h mgvR
.a
Zviv evm Kib m mgvRi mvaviY gymwjgì DwPZ Gic wekl KviKvh Kiv ev wWRvBbi MvjUzwc cwinvi Kiv| KviY Zv
GKwU wekl cvcx ev wev Mvxi wekl cvkvK cwiYZ nqQ|
w
3. fviZi AgymwjgMY j^v Uzwc cwiavb Kib| GRb AbK Avwjg gymwjgìK G aibi Uzwc eenvi KiZ
w
wbla KiQb| KLb wKfve G cKvii Uzwc fviZ cPwjZ nq Zvi cKZ BwZnvm Avgvi Rvbv bB| Ze jYxq h,
w
Gic j^v Uzwc B`vbwkqv I cvkeZx `kwjZ gymwjgì ga cPwjZ|

Avgiv Rvwb h, B`vbwkqvq gymwjg AvMgbi c~e cvPxbKvj _K Zv fviZxq kvmb I cfvei Awab wQj|
Lxq 7g/8g kZvxZ B`vbwkqvq AbK fviZxq ivRv wQjb| msZ fvlv, wn`y ag I fviZxq cvkvK-cwiQ`
B`vbwkqvq ej cPwjZ wQj| GLbv gymwjgMY AMwYZ msZ k Zvì agxq cwifvlvq eenvi Kib|
Avgvì gb nq j^v Uzwci cPjb fviZ cvPxb Kvj _KB wQj| fviZxqì _KB Zv B`vbwkqvq cPwjZ
nq| jYxq h, B`vbwkqv I cvkeZx `kwjZ j^v Uzwc gymwjgì cvkvK ej weewPZ| GmKj `ki mKj
gymwjg j^v Uzwc eenvi Kib| KLbvB KD GK Agymwjgì cvkvK ej weePbv Kib bv| eis G UzwcB mLvb
gymwjgì wekl cvkvK ej weewPZ|
Dcii AvjvPbv _K Avgiv `LZ cvB h, AbyKiY Gi welqwU hyM I `ki cwieZbi dj cwiewZZ nZ
cvi| Ab Kvbv wblavv ev AcQ`bxqZvi AvIZvq bv coj AbyKiYi welqwU cvkvK eenviKvixi `kxq eenvii
Dci AbKvsk wbfi Kie| eZgvb fviZxq Dcgnv`k Ges weklZ evsjv`k j^v UzwcK Agymwjgì cvkvK
ej MY Kivi hwK ev kixqZ-mZ wfw AvQ ej gb nq bv|
3. 11. 13. cvMwo
gv_vq cwPq civ h Kvbv KvcoB cvMwo ej MY ne| Avgiv `LwQ h, cvMwo ivm~jyjv n I mvnvexMYi
Contents

ga ej eeZ wQj| mvaviYfve Rbmg Ges weklfve Rygy Av, C`, mgvek, hy BZvw` mgq Zuviv cvMwo
cwiavb KiZb| ivm~jyjv n wbR Kvj iOi cvMwo cwiavb KiZb| wZwb Uzwci Dci cvMwo ciZb Ges Uzwc QvovI
cvMwo ciZb| mvnvexMYi ga wewfb iOi cvMwoi cPjb wQj| cvMwoi `N mK Kvbv eYbv bB|
Avgvì mgvR cPwjZ h Kvbv cPwjZ cvMwo, igvj ev h Kvbv iOi I h Kvbv `Ni Kvco gv_vq
b~bZg GK cvP w`q cijB ZvZ cvMwoi g~j mybv Z Av`vq ne| `Ni w`K _K KqK cuP Ìqvi gZ AZ
5/7 nvZ j^v nIqvB ^vfvweK| Kvj iOi cvMwo eenvi Kij iO-Gi AwZwi mybv Z cvwjZ ne|
ivm~jjy v n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg I mvnvexMY mvaviYZ cvMwoi cv wcQb Kuvai Dci GK weNZ gZ
Szwjq ivLZb| Avevi KLbv KLbv cv bv Szwjq cvMwo cwiavb KiZb| Ze jYxq h, fviZ wkLMY wekl
cwZZ cv bv Szwjq cvMwo cwiavb Kib| h mgvR wkLMY evm Kib mLvb gymwjgMYK cvMwo cwiavbi
^vZ eRvq ivLZ ne| Abyicfve Miqv iOi cvMwo ev Ab Kvbv wekl iO ev wWRvBbi cvMwo hv Agymwjg
mc`vqi wekl cvkvK ej weewPZ Zv cwinvi KiZ ne|
3. 11. 14. gv_vi igvj
ga hyM gymwjgì ga gv_vq igvj ev kvj eenvii evcK cPjb wQj| GLbv gacvP AbK `k Gwji
eenvi evcK| Avgiv `LwQ gv_vq igvj, Pvì ev kvj eenvii welq wbla vcK I AbygwZ vcK nv`xm ewYZ
nqQ| cieZx Djvgvq Kivg mvaviYfve gv_vq igvj eenvi mybvZ mZ ej gZ cKvk KiQb|
om
igvj eenvii dhxjZ vcK Kvbv mnxn nv`xm Avgiv `LZ cvBwb| GQvov ivm~jyjv n mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv
mvjvg me`v Zv eenvi KiZb ej Kvbv mnxn nv`xm Avgiv `LZ cvBwb| AMwYZ nv`xmi wb`kbv G h, wZwb I
.c
Zuvi mvnvexMY AwaKvsk mgq igvj eenvi KiZb bv| igvj I Uzwci GK eenvi ev igvj, Uzwc I cvMwoi GK
eenvii K_v Kvbv nv`xm fve cvIqv hvq bv|
st
igvji iO, AvKwZ, wWRvBb BZvw` mK Kvbv eYbv Avgvì `wMvPi nqwb| KvRB h Kvbv
tru
AvKwZ, wWRvBb ev iOi igvj, Pvì ev kvj gv_vq Ìqv hZ cvi, hZY bv Zv Ab Kvbv KviY wbwl nq| gnvb
AvjvnB fvj Rvbb|
h
na
un
ss
.a
w
w
w
Contents
PZz_ Aavq:
gwnjvì cvkvK I c`v
4. 1. cvkvK ebvg c`v
Bmjvg c`v ejZ wK eySvq Ges c`vi iZ wK Zv AbKi KvQB cwivi bq| c`v ejZ AbK Aeiva
eySb| Zvuiv fveb h, c`v Kivi A_ gymwjg gwnjv wbRK Mni ga AvUK ivLeb, Kvbv cqvRb wZwb evBi
eivZ cvieb bv, cwievii ev mgvRi KgKv AskMnY KiZ cvieb bv| Aciw`K KD KD gb Kib h, c`v
wbRi KvQ ev wbRi gb, c`vi Rb wekl Kvbv weavb ev wekl Kvbv cvkvK bB| G welq Avwjg ev cPviKì
gZvgZK Zvuiv agvZv ev evovevwo ej gb Kib| KD ev gb Kib h, c`v Kiv fvj, Ze ec`v Pjvdiv Kvbv
cvc ev Aciva bq ev KwVb Kvbv Aciva bq|
c`v dvmx k| Aviex wnRve ki Abyev` dvmx c`v kwUB evsjvq cPwjZ I cwm| wnRve A_ Avovj ev
AveiY| Bmjvgx cwifvlvq wnRve A_ ay cvkvKi AveiYB bq, eis mvgwMK GKwU mgvR eev, hvZ bvix-cyili
om
ga Acwe I Aea mK Ges bvixi cwZ cyili AZvPvix AvPiY ivai wewfb eev iqQ|
bvix I cyili cviwiK AvKlY gvbe Rxeb Avjvni Ìqv AbZg wbqvgZ| zav, wccvmv, mì jvf,
mvbi mn BZvwì gZB Avjvni Ìqv GKwU AZ cqvRbxq welq G AvKlY| GK Aenjv Kiv hgb cKw Z-
.c
wei KwVb Abvq, Zgwb cKw Z wei KwVb Abvq GK AbeiZ myomywo w`q gvbexq RxebK G AvKlY Kw`K Ki
st
Zvjv| Lv` I cvbxqi jvfK myomywo w`q evwoq mvewYK Ki Zzjj hgb gvbyl cvbvnvi me^ yj Rxe cwiYZ
nq, Zgwb G AvKlYK myomywo w`q evwoq mvewYK Kij gvbyl gvbeZvnxb cZ cwiYZ nq| Dci Gic gvby l
tru
cwievi MVbi AvMn nvivq ev cwievi MVb KijI Zv web nq| eZ bvix-cyili AvKlYB cwievi MVbi g~j PvwjKv
kw| cvwievwiK Rxebi ga AbK ZvM, K I `vwqZkxjZv iqQ| G AvKlYB Gic ZvM I Ki ciYv hyMvq|
h
gvbyl hLb `vZ Rxebi evBi G AvKlY gUvbvi myhvM cvq ZLb cwievi MVb Zvi KvQ MY nq hvq| Avi
na
GRbB cvvZi AMwYZ bibvix cwievi MVb _K weiZ _vK|

G welqwUK ^vfvweK I cvKwZK LvZ cevwnZ Kiv Ges A^vfvweKZv _K ivi Kivi RbB c`v-eev| G
un
welq cwe KziAvb I ivm~jyjv n ()-Gi wkvi w`K ZvKvj Avgiv `LZ cvB h, c`v Bmjvg evcK A_ enb
Ki| cwe mvgvwRK cwiek myì AvwiK n-ggZv-fvjevmvc~Y cwievi MVb Bmjvgi wewfb weavbvewji mgwKB
ss
g~jZ GKK_vq c`v-eev ejv nq| hb ^vgx-x Dfq `vZ mKi ga cwic~Y Z I Avbw`Z _vKb| Zvì
gb `vZ mK ewnf~Z Kvbv mKi wPv, Kvgbv ev AvMn bv Rb| Zviv GK Acii cg I AveM cwic~Y
.a
DcfvM Kib Ges Zvì mvbMY wcZv I gvZvi cwic~Y mnggZv DcfvM Ki jvwjZ-cvwjZ nq| Gic cwieviB
w
GKwU enr KjvYgq mgvRi wfw| G eevi wewfb w`K iqQ, hgb:
w
1. mgvR AkxjZvi cmvi NUZ cvi Gic mKj K_v ev Kg _K weiZ _vKv|
2. AkxjZvi cPvi ev cmvi g~jK KvR wj`K kvw c`vb|
w
3. mvbìK cweZv I mZZvi Dci cwZcvjb Kiv Ges AkxjZvi civPK ev AnZzK myomywo g~jK
mKj Kg, K_v ev `k _K ZvìK `~i ivLv|
4. Kviv AvevmMn ev evoxZ ceki c~e AbygwZ MnYi eev Ges webv AbygwZZ ceki wblavv|
5. `w mshZ ivLv|
6. bvix I cyili kvjxbZv c~Y cvkvK cwiavb Kiv|
7. bvix-cyiy li Aeva gjvgkv e Kiv|
8. mwVK mgq cveq QjgqìK weevn Ìqv| weaev I wecZxK ewì cqvRb weevni
Drmvn Ìqv|
9. `vcZ Rxeb ^vgx-xi ga wekZv I AvwiKZv eRvq ivLvi eev MnY Kiv|
G mKj welq KziAvb-nv`xm wevwiZ AvjvPbv iqQ| wekl Ki m~iv b~i I m~iv Avnhve-G c`vi welqwj
AvjvwPZ nqQ| Avwg mKj cvVK cvwVKvK Abyiva Kii m~iv `ywU Aaqb Kivi Rb| cqvRb KziAvb Kixgi Kvbv
Abyev` ev Zdmxii mvnvh MnY Kiyb|
G cy Ki cwimi Avgiv mKj welq AvjvPbv KiZ cvie bv, ZvB GLvb cvkvK I AvbylwK welq KziAvb I
nv`xmi wb`kvejx AvjvPbv Kie|
Contents

4. 2. cvkvKi kvjxbZv
Avgiv DjL KiwQ h, Bmjvgi `wZ gvbe mfZvi msiY I Dbqbi Rb AbZg cavb avc `vZ I
cvwievwiK Rxebi cweZv, mymK I mvbì Rb cwic~Y wcZ I gvZmn wbwZ Kiv| GRb bvix I cyili cweZv
iv, weevnZi mK iva I bvixì Dci `wnK AZvPvi iva AZxe cqvRbxq| G Dk ARbi Rb bvix-cyil
mKjiB kvjxb cvkvK `n AveZ Ki Pjv GKv cqvRbxq| cvwievi mcxwZ, `vZ mymK I mgvRi cweZv
iviI AbZg gvag kvjxb cvkvK Pjvdiv Kiv|
Bmjvg bvix cyily DfqKB kvjxb cvkvK ciZ wb`k `q| Avgiv Rvwb h, cKw ZMZfveB bvix cyili Pq wKQzUv
`yej | Aci w`K AvMvmx gbvfve cyili ga ewk| GRb bvixi I mgvRi cweZv ivi Rb Bmjvg bvixi cvkvKi cwiwa
ew Kiv nqQ| cyilì Rb dih ev AZvekKxq h Zviv bvwf _K nuvUz ch kixi XK ivLeb, evKx Ask XK ivLv
mvgvwRKZv I kvjxbZvi Ask, dih bq| Aciw`K gwnjvì Rb Avjvn cyiv kixi AveZ Kiv dih KiQb|
Gi KviY eySvZ Avgvi ewMZ AwfZvi GKwU M bv ej cviwQ bv| wiqv` AevbKvj Avwg GKwU
BmjvwgK mUvi cPviKi KvR KiZvg| GKw`b GK ewUk f`jvK Avgvi KvQ Bmjvg mcK RvbZ Avmjb|
AvjvPbvi GKchvq wZwb ejjb, wZwb Bmjvgi GKZev`K mwVK I evwbK ej wekvm Kib| Ze wZwb gb Kib
h, Bmjvg c`vi weavb w`q bvixì cwZ AwePvi Kiv nqQ| AKviY ZvìK mviv kixi XK ivLvi weavb Ìqv
nqQ Ges mgvR _K wewPQb ivLv nqQ|
om
Di Avwg ejjvg: Avgvi GKwU cki Reve w`b| alYi nvi Avcbvì `k Kgb? wZwb ejjb: cwZ ermi
jvwaK gwnjv awlZv nb| Avwg ejjvg: Avcbviv eUbi Awaevmxiv mKjB DPPwkwZ Ges Avcbvì `k mKj
.c
cKvi ^PQvPvi ea| Zv mZI mLvb GZ wecyj msLK gwnjv AZvPvwiZ nb Kb? wZwb Kvbv Di w`Z cvijb
bv| Avwg ejjvg: Gi KviY, gwnjviv cKw ZMZfve `~ej Ges cyiyli cvkweK AvPibi gyL Amnvq| mfZv, msw Z,
st
wkv, cMwZ Kvbv wKQyi `vnvB Zvu`K GmKj cvkweKZv _K iv KiZ cvi bv| ZvB Zvì mevg cwZiv
tru
ZvìK kvjxb cvkvK ci Abvxq cyilì _K f` `yiZ eRvq iL PjZ ne| Avi GRbB Avjvn c`vi weavb
w`qQb, gqìK iv Kivi Rb, ZvuìK mgvR wewPQb Kivi Rb bq|
h
Avgvì evsjv`ki cvcU ZvKvjI welqwU Avgiv mnRB Abyaveb KiZ cvwi| Avgvì `ki AewqZ
na
mvgvwRK I bwZK g~jevai gvSI Avgiv `LZ cvB, h mKj gq c`vi ga eo DVb mvaviYZ Zvuiv gvvbì
AZvPvi, GwmW wbc BZvw` AZvPvi _K euP _vKb| mvaviYZ cvlvY-`q gvvbI Kvbv c`vbwkb gqK D
un
KiZ wav Ki| Zvi cvlvY-`qi GK wbfZKvY c`vbwkb gqì cwZ GKUzLvwb mgeva _vK|
KziAvb Kvixg Avjvn ejQb:

ss

.a
w
n bex, Avcwb Avcbvi xMYK, KbvMYK I gywgbì bvixìK ejyb, Zviv hb Zvì wRjevei (Pvìi)
wKq`sk wbRì Dci Ub `q, GZ ZvìK Pbv mnRZi ne, dj ZvìK DZ Kiv ne bv| Avjvn gvkxj
w
KiYvgq|
w
`ni mvaviY cvkvK-Rvgv, cvRvgv, Iobv BZvwì- Dci h eo Pvì ev Pvì RvZxq cvkvK w`q cyiv `n
AveZ Kiv nq ZvK wRjeve ejv nq| GLvb Avjvn gywgb bvixìK wb`k w`jb evBi ei nIqvi Rb mvaviY
cvkvKi Dci wRjeve cwiavb KiZ Ges wRjevei wKQz Ask gyLi ev `ni mvgb Ub wbZ| GZ c`vbwkb I
kvjxb bvixK Abì _K c_K Ki Pbv hvq Ges ^fveZB Gic kvjxb bvixì mv_ mKjB mgc~Y AvPiY Kib|
mKj jb`b, KvRKg I K_vevZv ^vfvweKfve cwiPvjbvi mv_ mv_ mvgvwRK I gvbwmK cweZv ivi
Bmjvgi wb`kbv Ab GKwU AvqvZ _K Abyaveb Kiv hvq| G AvqvZ Bikv` Kiv nqQ:

.

n bex cwZMY, Zvgiv Ab bvixì gZ bI! hw` Zvgiv AvjvnK fq Ki Ze ci-cyili mv_ Kvgj-K
Contents

Ggbfve K_v eje bv, hvZ Ai hvi evwa AvQ m cjy nq Ges Zvgiv bvqmZ (^vfvweK) K_v eje| Ges
Zvgiv ^M n Aevb Kie, cvPxb Rvwnjx hyMi gZ wbRìK c`kb Ki eove bv| Zvgiv mvjvZ Kvqg Kie,
hvKvZ c`vb Kie Ges Avjvn I Zuvi ivm~ji AvbyMZ Kie|
G AvqvZq Avjvn ivm~jjy v n -Gi xìK- hviv gyw gbì gvZZj wQjb Ges bvixì ga mevg I
cweZg wQjb ZuvìK- ci-cyilì mv_ K_v ejvi mgq Kî Kvgj I AvKlYxq KiZ wbla KiQb; KviY Gi
dj `yej wP KD nqZ fe eme h Zuviv Zvi cwZ AvK nq coQb ev ZvìK nqZ cjy Kiv mnR ne| A_ev
m wbR Ki KvgjZvq AvKwlZ I cjy nq wewfb cKvii kqZvbx IqvmIqvmvi ga wbcwZZ ne|
Dci ZuvìK Mn Aevbi wb`k w`qQb Ges eei hyMi m`h c`kb _K wbla KiQb| eei hyMi
m`h c`kbi A_ gv_v, gyL, Nvo, Mjv, eyK, nvZ,cv BZvw`K AbveZ ivLv, hb gvbyl Zv `LZ cvq|
gywgbì gvZv ivm~jjy v n -Gi xMYi AZyjbxq Cgvb, cweZv, mZZv I gywgbì gb Zvì cwZ Mfxi fw-
kv _vKv mI Avjvn ZvìK GmKj Kg _K wbla KiQb| Zvnj Abvb bvixì G mKj Kg _K `yi _vKv KZ
cqvRb Zv mnRB Abygq|
4. 3. gymwjg gwnjvi cvkvKi ewk
KziAvb-nv`xmi wewfb wb`kbvi AvjvK Avgiv RvbZ cvwi h, gymwjg gwnjvi cvkvK wbgv ewkwj we`gvb
_vKv AvekK:
om
1) mZi AveZ Kiv
2) wXjXvjv I ^vfvweK Kvco
.c
3) Agymwjg I cvcxì AbyKiY eRb
4) bvix-cyili cvkvKi ^vZ
st
c_g Aavq wKQz welq mvaviYfve AvjvwPZ nqQ| GLvb Avgiv welqwj wevwiZ AvjvPbvi Pv Kie|
tru 4. 3. 1. gwnjvi mZi
Avgiv BZvc~e `LwQ h, AveZe vK (private parts) Bmjvgx cwifvlvq AvDivZ ev mZi ejv
h
nq| eZ `ni KZUzKz Ask v (private parts) ej weewPZ nIqv DwPZ m welq gvbexq hyw , weeK ev
na
vbi gvag Kvbv mwVK ev HKe wmv cQvbv me bq| AmsL weeKevb, eywgvb I vbx gvbyl gvbe `n
cyivcywi AbveZ ivLvKB hyw, eyw I weeKi AvjvK mwVK ej gb Kib| gvbyli `ni Kvbv Ask AveZe ev
un
private parts ej Zviv ^xKvi Kib bv| Avevi AbKB gvbe `n cyivcywi AveZ KivB mwVK ej `vwe Kib| Ab
AbK wKQz Ask AveZe v I wKQz Ask c`kbhvM ej wekvm Kib| Avi hnZz gvbexq eyw-weeK G P~ov
ss
wmv cuQvZ mg bq, mnZz AvgvìK G welq Inx ev Avjvni c _K cZv`k (Divine revelation)-
.a
Gi Dci wbfi Kiv Qvov MwZ bB|

G welq Bmjvg-MnYKvix Rvcvbx gwnjv LvIjv wbKxZv wjLQb: Why hide the body in its natural state?
w
you may ask. .... How you can answer to a nudist if she asks you why you hide your busts and
w
hips although they are as natural as your hands and face? It is the same for the hijab of a
Muslima. We consider all our body except hands and face as private parts because Allah defined
w
it like this..."
4. 3. 1. 1. bvixi mZii chvq
KziAvb Kvixg Avjvn ejQb,

Contents

.

gywgbìK ejyb, Zviv hb Zvì `wK mshZ Ki Ges jvvbi wndvRZ Ki, GB Zvì Rb AwaKZi
cwe| Zviv hv Ki Avjvn m welq AewnZ| Ges gywgb bvixìK ejyb, Zviv hb Zvì `wK mshZ Ki Ges jvvbi
ndvRZ Ki| Zviv hb (^fveZB) hv cKvwkZ Zv eZxZ Zvì m`h-Ajvi c`kb bv Ki| Zvì Mxev I e`k hb
Zviv gv_vi Kvco viv AveZ Ki| Zviv hb Zvì ^vgx, wcZv, ki, cy, ^vgxi cy, vZv, vZzy, fwMcy , Avcb bvixMY,
Zvì gvwjKvbvaxb `vmx, cyilì ga hb-Kvgbv iwnZ cyil Ges bvixw`Mi Mvcb A m^ A evjK eZxZ Ab Kviv
KvQ Zvì m`h-Ajvi cKvk bv Ki| Zviv hb Zvì Mvcb Ajvi cKvki Dk mRvi c`c bv Ki| n
gywgbMY, Zvgiv mKj Avjvni w`K cZveZb Ki, hvZ Zvgiv mdjKvg nZ cvie|
G AvqvZq Avjvn wekvmx bvix-cyily ìK PvwiwK cweZv I mdjZvi c_i wb`kbv w`qQb| c_gZ bvix-
cyil wbwekl Zvì mevBK `w mshgi wb`k w`qQb| mKj gywgb bvix-cyili DwPr me`v wbR `wK mshZ Kiv,
wekl Ki h mKj `k gbi ga AwiZv, cvcQv ev Amshgi Abyfwz Z RvwMq Zvj Zv _K AekB wbRi `w
wdwiq wbZ ne| cwe gbi cwe Rxebi GwU AZ iyZZ Y cv_q| Avjvn Avgvì mevBK `w mshgi ZvIdxK
w`b|
om
wZxqZ, Avjvn mevBK jvvbi ndvRZ KiZ Ges cwe Rxeb hvcb KiZ wb`k w`qQb| Avjvn
AvgvìK iY Kwiq w`qQb h, wZwb Avgvì Mvcb-cKvk mewKQyB Rvbb; hb Avgiv Mvcb-cKvk mevevq
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mr I cwe _vwK|
mr I cwe Rxebi AbZg gvag kvjxb cvkvK viv m`h-Ajvi AveZ Kiv| ZvB Dcii AvqvZq Avjvn
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weklfve bvixì cvkvK I c`vi weavb `vb KiQb|
tru
Dcii AvqvZ Avjvn c_g ^fveZB hv cKvwkZ ev mvaviYfve hv ewiq _vK Ggb m`h-Ajvi Qvov
mKj m`h AveZ KiZ wb`k w`qQb| Gici ^vgx, KqK cKvii AvZxq, bvix I wkì mvgb m`h cKvki
h
AbygwZ w`qQb| G wb`kbv I KziAvb-nv`xmi Abvb wb`kbvi AvjvK gymwjg Bgvg I dKxnMY DjL KiQb h,
gwnjvì AvDivZ ev mZi Pvi chvqi:
na
c_g chvq: ^vgxi mvgb xi mZi

un
^vgx-xi ga Kvbvic mZi bB, c`v bB, bB Kvbv cvkvKi weavb| ^vgx xi cvkvK Avi x ^vgxi cvkvK|
Avjvn ejQb:
ss

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Zviv Zvgvì cwiQ` Ges Zvgiv Zvì cwiQ`|

wZxq chvq: Abvb gwnjvi mvgb mZi
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Dci DwjwLZ AvqvZ Avjvn gywgb bvixìK Avcb bvixMYi mvgb m`h ev Ajvi c`kbi AbygwZ
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w`qQb| G AvqvZi AvjvK dKxnMY DjL KiQb h, bvixi mvgb bvixi mZi cyili mvgb cyili mZii
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gZB| Abvb bvixì `w _K bvwf _K nuvUz ch AveZ ivLv gymwjg bvixi Rb dih| `ni Aewk Ask AveZ
Kiv DwPZ, Ze cqvRb GKRb gwnjv Ab gwnjvi mvgb Zv AbveZ KiZ cvib|
Ze GLvb jYxq h, gnvb Avjvn bvixMY bv ej Avcb bvixMY ev Zvì bvixMY ejQb| G wb`kbvi
AvjvK dKxnMY DjL KiQb h, m`h ev Ajvi cKvki G AbygwZ ay gymwjg bvixì chvR| GKRb gymwjg
bvix Ab gymwjg bvixi mvgb wbRi gv_v, Nvo BZvw` AbveZ KiZ cvib| Ze Agymwjg bvixi mvgb gymwjg bvixMY
cyili gZB c`v Kieb| Zuviv Agymwjg bvixì mvgb gv_vi Kvco miveb bv| GgbwK Zuviv Agymwjg bvixìK gymwjg
gwnjvì Rb avx wbqvM KiZ Avcw KiQb|
Dgvi Bebyj Lvve (iv) ejQb,

...
Contents

Avjvni Dci Ges AvwLivZi Dci Cgvb vcb KiQ Ggb Kvbv bvixi Rb ea bq h, Zvi wbRi agi
gwnjv Qvov Ab Kvbv gwnjv Zvi AveZe v `kb Kie|
Beby Avevm (iv) _K ewYZ nqQ, wZwb ejQb,

Avcb bvixMY gymwjg bvixMY| Mxev, e`k, KY ev KYi Ajvi, Mjvi Ajvi I `ni h mKj A
gvnivg wbKUvZxq Qvov Kviv mvgb AbveZ Kiv ea bq gymwjg igYx Zvi `ni m vb Kvbv Bn~`x-Lvb bvixi
mvgb AbveZ KiZ cvie bv|
cwm Zvweqx gydvm&wmi I dKxn gyRvwn` (104 wn) ejb,

Kvbv gymwjg gwnjv Kvbv Agymwjg gwnjvi mvgb wbRi gv_vi Iobv miveb bv|
om
ZZxq chvq: i mcKi wbKUZg Avxqi mvgb mZi
dKxnMY DjL KiQb h, wcZv, ki, vZv I Abvb wbKUZg Avxq hvì mv_ weevn wPiZi wbwl Zvì
mvgb gymwjg igYx wbRi kixi AveZ Ki _vKeb, Ze gyL, gv_v, Mjv, Nvo, eyK, evRy, cv BZvw` AbveZ iL Zvì
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mvgb hZ cvib| Ze Gì mvgbI cqvRb Qvov hZUzKz me AveZ _vKZ Zvi Drmvn w`qQb|
st
m~iv b~ii Dchy AvqvZi evLvq Beby Avevm (iv) ejb.
....
tru
....
h

na
(Zviv hb hv cKvwkZ Zv eZxZ Zvì m`h-Ajvi c`kb bv Ki): cKvk m`h-Ajvi gyLgj, PvLi myigv,
un
KiZji gnw` I AvswU| gwnjviv Gwj Zvì evwoZ AvMgbKvix mKji mvgb cKvk Kie| AZtci Avjvn ejQb,
(Zviv hb Zvì Zvì ^vgx, wcZv, ... evjK eZxZ Ab Kviv KvQ Zvì m`h-Ajvi cKvk bv Ki|) G mKj gvbyli
ss
Rb Zviv h Ajvi ev Ajvii vb cKvk Kie Zv njv, Kvbi `yjq, Mjvi nvi I nvZi evjv| evRyZ cwiwnZ Ajvi,
cvqi gj, e, Pzj BZvw` ^vgx Qvov Kviv mvgb cKvk Kie bv|
.a
PZz_ chvq: Abvb cyili mvgb mZi

w
Dci DwjwLZ wbKUZg AvZxq eZxZ Ab mKj AvZxq I AbvZxq cyili mvgb gymwjg gwnjvi cyiv `nB
AvDivZ ev AveZe v| Kejgv gyLgj I nqi welq wKQz gZf` iqQ hv cieZxZ AvjvPbv Kie| weevn
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ea Gic mKj AvZxq I mKj AbvZxqi mvgb gymwjg bvixi Dci dih `vwqZ h, wZwb wbRi cyiv `n AveZ Ki
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ivLeb|
Dcii AvqvZ Avjvn gymwjg bvixìK wb`k w`qQb, Zviv hb Zvì Iobv ev gv_vi Kvco Ggbfve
cwiavb Kie, hb Zv fvjfve eyK I Mjv XK ivL| Gfve Avjvn gywgb bvixì Rb gv_v, `yB Kvb, Nvo, Mjv I eyK
mn cyiv `n AveZ Kiv dih ej wb`k KiQb|
Avgiv BZvc~e `LwQ h, gnvb Avjvn wb`k w`qQb, n bex, Avcwb Avcbvi xMYK, KbvMYK I
gyw gbì bvixìK ejyb, Zviv hb Zvì Pvìi wKq`sk wbRì Dci Ub `q|
G AvqvZI wb`k Ki h, gywgb igYxi Rb cyiv `n AveZ Kiv dih| ay ZvB bq, `yivZxq ev AbvZxq
cyili mvgb `ni mvaviY cvkvKi AwZwi Pvì ev eviKv RvZxq Kvbv cvkvK cwiavb Ki wbRK AveZ Kiv
gywgb bvixi Rb dih|
G mKj AvqvZ I wewfb nv`xmi AvjvK gymwjg Dvni mKj Avwjg, Bgvg I dKxn GKgZ h, `~ivZxq I
Contents

AbvZxq cyilì mvgb Ges ewnMgbi Rb gywgb bvixì m~Y `n AveZ Kiv dih| Dcii AvqvZi ^fveZB hv
cKvwkZ K_vwUi evLvi wfwZ Kejgv gyLgj, Kw ch `yB nvZ I c`hyMji welq gymwjg dKxnMYi ga wKQz
gZf` iqQ| Zuviv GKgZ h, gymwjg bvixi Rb `ni evwK Ask AveZ Kiv dih| G welq KziAvb I nv`xmi
wb`kbv GZ my I _nxb h, G welq gZfì Kvbv AeKvk bB|
gymwjg Dvni mKj Bgvg I dKxn GKgZ h, Kvbv cyil nuvUz ev Di AbveZ Kij hic dih cwiZvM
Kivi Rb KwVb cvc cvcx neb, Zgwb Kvbv gyw gb bvix gv_v, gv_vi Pzj, Kvb, Nvo, Mjv, KbyB, evRy ev `ni Ab
Kvbv Ask AbveZ Ki evBi eivj ev gvnivg bq Gic cyilì mvgb Mgb Kij KziAvbi wb`k jNb
Kivi I dih cwiZvM Kivi KwVb cvc cvcx neb|
4. 3. 1. 2. gyLgj I KiZjq
m~iv b~ii Dci DwjwLZ AvqvZ Avjvn ejQb: Zviv hb mvaviYZ ev ^fveZB hv cKvwkZ Zv eZxZ Zvì
m`h c`kb bv Ki| ^fveZB cKvk _vK ev cKvk m`h ejZ Kx eySvbv nqQ m welq mvnvexMYi hyM
_KB gZf` iqQ| Kviv gZ ^fveZB ewiq _vK ejZ gyLgj I KiZjq ev Kw ch nq eySvbv nqQ|
Zvì gZ gyLgj I nq cKvk ev cKvkhvM m`h hv `~ivZxq I AbvZxq mKji mvgb AbveZ ivLv ea|
Ab AbK gZ cKvk KiQb h, ^fveZB ewiq _vK ejZ Pz ev evBii cvkvK eySvbv nqQ| Zuvì gZ
PZz_ chvq gyLgj I nq AvDivZ Ges Zv AveZ Kiv gymwjg gwnjvi Rb dih|
om
4. 3. 1. 2. 1. cKvk m`h
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn), Bgvg gvwjK (ivn), Bgvg kvwdqx, Bgvg Zvevix (ivn) I Abvb dKxn I Bgvg c_g gZ
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MnY KiQb| Zvuiv ejb, gymwjg gwnjv Zvi gyL I nvZ AbveZ ivLZ cvieb, Ze Zv XK ivLv Dg| Zvì gZ,
st
GKv cqvRb Qvov mevevq gyLgj AveZ Ki ivLvB mybv Z I Dg, Ze Zv dih bq| Bgvg Avng` _KI Abyic
tru gZ ewYZ nqQ|
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi Qv I mnPi nvbvdx gvhnvei AbZg Bgvg, gynvv` Bebyj nvmvb kvBevbx (189wn) nvbvdx
gvhnvei gZvgZ evLv Ki wjLQb: cyili Rb weevn ea Gic bvixi gyLgj I KiZj Qvov Avi wKQzB AbveZfve
h
`Lv ea bq| Gic bvixi gyLgj I nvZ m `LZ cvi| GZ`yfq Qvov Ab wKQzB m `Le bv| Ze hw` Kejgv
na
Aea Kvgbvi KviY ZvKvq, Ze Gicfve ZvKvbv Zvi Rb ea bq| ... GKRb gwnjv weevn ea Gic eMvbv cyili
gyL, gv_v I `ni Abvb A me `LZ cvie, ay bvwf _K nuvUz ch Ask ev`; KviY Zv AvDivZ|...Ze hw` `wZ
un
Aea Kvgbv _vK ev gwnjv fq cvq h, Zvi `w Aea Kvgbvi mw Kie Ze Avwg fvj gb Kwi h, m Zvi `w mshZ
Kie| GKRb bvix cyili `ni h Ask `LZ cvi, GKRb cyilI cyili `ni mB Ask `LZ cvi| cyili Rb
ss
cyili bvwf _K nuvUz ch Ask `Lv ea bq| bvixi Rb Ab bvixi I GKB weavb| bvwf AvDivZ ev v bq|
bvwfi wbP _K v| KvRB Kvbv bvix Ab bvixi ev cyil Ab cyili `ni G Ask `kb Kie bv| Ze hw` wekl
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Ihi ev Amyweav DcwZ nq Ze wfb K_v...|

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nvbvdx gvhnvei AbZg cwm dKxn, Bgvg Ave~ evKi Rvm&mvm Avng` Beby Avjx (370wn) m~iv b~ii Dchy
AvqvZi evLvq ejb, (Zviv hb mvaviYZ ev ^fveZB hv cKvk _vK Zv eZxZ Zvì m`h c`kb bv Ki), ^vgx
w
I gvnivg AvZxq ev` Ab cyilì welq GK_v ejv nqQ; KviY Zvì K_v ci ejv nqQ| Avgvì (nvbvdx
w
gvhnvei) AvwjgMY ejQb, GLvb gyL I nq eySvbv nqQ| ... GZ cgvwYZ nq h, gyLgj I nq AvDivZ ev
AveZe v bq|
PZz_ wnRix kZKi AbZg cwm nvbvdx dKxn Avjvgv Aveyj nvmvb Kzì~ x Avngv` Beby gynvv` (428wn)
ejb, eMvbv bvixi gyLgj I nq Qvov Ab Kvbv wKQz `Lv cyili Rb ea bq| hw` Aea Kvgbv _K wbivcv
bv cvq Ze cqvRb Qvov Zvi gyLgji w`K `w Kie bv|.... cyil cyili bvwf _K nuvUz ch Ask ev` evwK
`ni mKj vb `LZ cvie| cyil cyili `ni h Ask `LZ cvi, bvixI cyili `ni m Ask `LZ cvie|
Ges cyil cyili `ni h Ask `LZ cvi, gwnjvI Ab gwnjvi `ni m Ask `LZ cvi| ... cyil Zvi gvnivg
AvZxqvì gyL, gv_v, eyK, c`qi bjv I evRyq `LZ cvi...|
Contents

cg wnRix kZKi cwm nvbvdx dKxn gynvv` Beby Avngv` Ave~ evKi mvivLmx (490 wn) ejb, Avqkv (iv)
gZ cKvk KiQb h, gwnjvi Rb gyLgjmn cyiv `nB AveZ ivLv diq|... KviY Akvw ev wdZbvi fqB gwnjvì
`n AveZ Kivi weavb Ìqv nqQ| Avi bvixi g~j m`hB Zv Zvi gyL| `ni Abvb Ai Pq gyL `Lj wdZbvi
fq mePq ewk| GRb gyL AveZ Kiv dih, ay cqvRbi Rb Pz Db y ivLZ cvie| wK Avgiv gyL I nvZ Db y
ivLv c Avjx (iv) I Beby Avevm (iv)-Gi gZ MnY Kwi| gwnjvi gyL I nvZ Db y ivLvi welq wewfb nv`xm ewYZ
nqQ...|
Avjvgv Kvmvbx (587wn) ejb, AbvZxq (A-gvnivg) cyil AbvZxq (A-gvnivg) bvixi `ni gyLgj I nq
Qvov Ab Kvbv wKQz `Le bv| ... KviY Avjvn cKvk m`h ev mvaviYfve hv cKvwkZ Zv AbveZ ivLZ AbygwZ
w`qQb|...GQvov gwnjvK qweq, MnY, c`vb BZvw` KvRKg KiZ nq, Avi mvaviYfve gyLgj I nq AbveZ bv
iL Zv Kiv me nq bv| Ave~ nvbxdv (iv)-Gi G gZ| (Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi Qv) Bgvg nvmvb (Beby whqv`) Ave~ nvbxdv
_K eYbv KiQb h, Gic bvixi c`hyMjI `wea|
ZZxq-PZz_ kZKi AbZg k dKxn I gydvm&wmi Bgvg gynvv` Beby Rvixi Zvevix (310 wn) Dch y AvqvZi
Zvdmxi ejb: G AvqvZi AvjvK cKvk m`hi evLvq AvwjgMY gZf` KiQb|
Gici wZwb G welq mvnvex-ZvweqxMY _K `ywU gZ DZ KiQb| wewfb mb` Beby gvmE` (iv) _K DZ
KiQb h, cKvk m`h cvkvK ev Pvì| wZwb Zvweqxì ga Beivnxg bvLqx _K Abyic gZ DZ KiQb|
om
wZxq chvq wZwb wewfb mb` Beby Avevm (iv) _K DZ KiQb h, cKvk m`h cvkvK, gyLgj, myigv, AvswU,
Pzwi ev KiZjq| Abyic gZ wZwb mvnvex wgmIqvi Beby gvLivgv I Zvweqx mvC` Beby RyevBi, AvZv Beby Avex ivevn,
nvmvb emix, KvZv`v, gyRvwn`, Avwgi, Beby hvB`, AvIhvqx I BDb~m _K DZ KiQb|
.c
Gici wZwb ejb, G mKj gZi ga mwVK gZ ZvìB hviv ejQb h, cKvk m`h ejZ gyLgj I
st
KiZjq eySvbv nqQ| Gi ga myigv, AvswU, Pzwi Ges gnw` Afy ne| Avgiv G gZwUKB evLv wnme mwVK ejwQ
Zvi KviY mKj gymwjg BRgv ev HKgZ cvlY KiQb h, mvjvZi ga cZK gymvjxK Zvi AvDivZ ev AveZe v
tru
AveZ KiZB ne Ges Zuviv GKgZ nqQb h, mvjvZi ga gwnjv Zvi gyLgj I KiZjq AbveZ ivLeb Ges Zvi
`ni evwK Ask ZvK AekB AveZ KiZ ne...| hnZz Zviv Gic BRgv KiQb, mnZz G _K Rvbv Mj h, gwnjvi
h
`ni h Ask AvDivZ bq Zv Dby ev AbveZ ivLv Zvi Rb ea, hgb cyili Rb hv AvDivZ bq Zv Db y ivLv ea
na
Ges Zv AbeZ Kiv nvivg bq| Avi hnZz gwnjvi Rb Zv cKvk Kiv ea, mnZz Rvbv Mj h, GLvb hv cKvk nq ejZ
GwjKB eySbv nqQ|
un
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv, gvwjK I Abvb dKxn G gZi c wewfb cKvii cgvY ck KiQb: c_gZ, ivm~jyjv n -
Gi AbygwZ, wZxqZ, wewfb mvnvexei gZvgZ, ZZxqZ, ivm~jyjv n Gi hyM I cieZx hyM mvnvex-ZvweqxMYi Kg Ges
ss
PZz_Z, KziAvbi evLv wfwK hyw|

c_g cKvii cgvY: ivm~jjy v n -Gi AbygwZ
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Bgvg Ave~ `vD` ejb, AvgvìK BqvKe Beby Kve AvbZvKx I gyAvvj Bebyj dv`j nviivbx ejQb, AvgvìK
w
Iqvjx` ejQb, mvC` Beby evkxi _K, wZwb KvZv`v _K, wZwb Lvwj` Beby `yivBK _K wZwb Avqkv (iv) _K, wZwb
ejb, Zvui evb Avmgv webZ Ave~ eKi (iv) ivm~jjy vn ()-Gi Ni cek Kib| Avmgvi Mvq ZLb cvZjv Kvcoi
w
cvkvK wQj| ZLb ivm~jyjv n Zvi w`K _K gyL wdwiq wbq ejb:
w

n Avmgv, Kvbv gq hLb eqtcv nq, ZLb Zvi G A I G A Qvov Avi wKQzB cwi` nIqv ea bq, G
K_v ej wZwb wbRi gyLgj I KiZji w`K BwZ Kib|
nv`xmwUi mbì `yej Zvi cwZ BwZ Ki Bgvg Ave~ `vD` ejb: G nv`xmwU gyimvj (wewQb mbì); KviY Zvweqx
Lvwj` Beby `yivBK Avqkv (iv) _K Kvbv nv`xm wkvi myhvM cvb wb (Ab Kviv gvag wZwb nv`xmwU RbQb, hvi bvg
wZwb DjL Kib wb)|
Abvb gynvwm nv`xmwUi mbì AviKwU `yej Zvi K_v DjL KiQb| Zvweqx KvZv`v _K nv`xmwU eYbv
Contents

KiQb mvC` Beby evkxi (169wn)| wZwb GKRb `yej eYbvKvix|
Gfve Avgiv `LwQ G nv`xmwUi mbì `yej Zvi KviY Zv cgvY wnme MnYhvM bq| wK `yej G mb`wU
QvovI Abvb GKvwaK KvQvKvwQ `yej mb` nv`xmwU ewYZ nqQ|
Bgvg Ave~ `vD` Zvi gvivmxj M ejb, AvgvìK gynvv` Beby evk&kvi ejQb, AvgvìK Beby `vE`
ejQb, AvgvìK wnkvg ejQb, KvZv`v _K, ivm~jjy v n ejQb,

wKkvix hLb FZzmv ei gvag eqtcv nq, ZLb Zvi gyLgj I Kw ch `yB nvZ Qvov Ab wKQz ` nIqv
ea bq|
G mb`wU Zvweqx KvZv`v ch mnxn| G mb` nv`xmwU KvZv`v _K eYbv KiQb wnkvg `vmZvIqvqx| wZwb
AZ cwm wbfihvM ivex| KvRB mbì cieZx `yej Zv `~ixf~Z nqQ| wK G mb`wUI gyiy mvj| KvZv`v Kvbv&
mvnvex ev Zvweqxi wbKU _K nv`xmwU bQb Zv wZwb DjL Kib wb|
ZZxq GKwU mb` nv`xmwU ewYZ nqQ| Zvevivbx, evBnvKx cgLy gynvwm Zvì mb` Avgi Beby Lvwj` _K
eYbv KiQb, wZwb ejb, AvgvìK Beby jvnxqv ejQb, Bqv` Beby Avyjv n _K, wZwb Beivnxb Beby DevB`yjvn
om
Beby widvqvn AvbmvixK ejZ bQb, wZwb Zvi wcZv _K, wZwb Avmgv webZz DgvBm _K eYbv KiQb, wZwb ejb,
ivm~jjy v n ejb,

.c
st

tru
gymwjg gwnjvi Rb ea bq h, Zvi _K Gic Qvov wKQz cKvwkZ ne, GK_v ej wZwb Zvi Rvgvi nvZv w`q nvZi
wcV Ggbfve AveZ Kijb h, nvZi AvOyjwj Qvov wKQzB evBi _vKj bv| AZtci wZwb Zuvi nq DwVq `yB Kvbi cvk
h
Pzji Kwji vb Ggb fve ivLjb h, Zvi gyLgj Qvov Avi wKQzB cKvwkZ _vKj bv|
na
G mb` Dcii mbì `~ejZv AcmvwiZ nqQ| Ze G mbì eYbvKvix Beby jvnxqvK Zvi wZkwi
`yej Zvi KviY AwaKvsk gynvwm `yej ej MY KiQb| KD KD Zvi ewYZ nv`xm nvmvb ej MY KiQb| G
un
nv`xmwU DZ Ki nvBmvgx ejb, nv`xmi mbì Beby jvnxqv iqQb Ges Zvi ewYZ nv`xm nvmvb| mbì evwK
ivexMY mnxn nv`xmi (wbfihvM) ivex|
ss
eZ AwaKvsk gynvwmi gZ Beby jvnxqv `yej ej MY| Ze Zuvi `yej Zv hveZ ev wZ welqK, dj
GKvwaK mbì Zvi `yej Zv AcmvwiZ nq| GRb Dcii wZbwU mbì mg^q nv`xmwUK nvmvb wj MvBwinx ev
.a
GKvwaK mbì KviY MnYhvM ej MY KiQb Kvbv Kvbv gynvwm|

w
G nv`xmwUi wfwZ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Abvb AbK dKxn gZ cKvk KiQb h, gymwjg gwnjvi gyLgj I
KiZj AvDivZ ev mZi bq, eis Zv Db y ivLv ea|
w
wZxq cKvii cgvY: mvnvexMYi gZvgZ

w
Kvbv Kvbv mvnvex gwnjvì gyL I nvZ AbveZ ivLvi c gZ cKvk KiQb| Zuviv ejQb h, Dcii
AvqvZ mvaviYfve hv cKvk _vK ev cKvwkZ ejZ gyLgj I KiZjq eySvbv nqQ| Zvweqx Rvwei Beby hvB`
ejb, Avyjv n Beby Avevm (iv) ejQb:
: ....
hv cKvk _vK Zv Qvov Kvbv m`h cKvk Kie bv cKvk _vK: KiZj I gyLgj| nv`xmwUi mb`
mnxn|
Ab nv`xm Zvweqx bvwd ejb, Avyjv n Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb:
Contents

cKvk m`h gyLgj I KiZjq| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|
Avqkv (iv) _KI Abyic gZ ewYZ nqQ| cwm Zvweqx AvZv Beby Avex ivevn ejb, Avqkv (iv) ejQb,

bvixi hv cKvk _vK Zv gyLgj I KiZjq|
ZZxq cKvii cgvY: mvnvex-Zvweqx gwnjvMYi Kg
wewfb nv`xm mvnvex-Zvweqx gwnjvì gyLi m`h, gyLi AvKwZ Ges nvZi m`h ev AvKwZ eYbv Kiv nqQ| G
mKj nv`xmi AvjvK G gZi Abymvixiv `vwe Kib h, ivm~jjy vn -Gi hyM I cieZx hyM mvnvex-Zvweqx gwnjvMY AbK
mgq gyLgj I nq AbveZ iL AbvZxq cyilì mvgb hZb ev evBi Pjvdiv KiZb|
Beby Avevm (iv) ejb, we`vq ni mgq Kzievbxi w`b (10B wRjn) ivm~jyjv n () dv`&j Beby AvevmK
DUi wcV Zuvi wcQb ewmq gvbylì wewfb cki mgvavb c`vb KiwQjb,
om
GgZvevq LvmAvg Mvi GKRb dmv-Dj gwnjv ivm~jjy v n -Gi wbKU ck KiZ GwMq Avmb| ZLb dv`&j
gwnjvi w`K ZvKvZ _vK Ges gwnjvi m`h ZvK wegy Ki| bex () ZvwKq `Lb h, dv`&j gwnjvi w`K ZvwKq
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iqQ| ZLb wZwb wbRi nvZ GwMq dv`&ji wPeyK ai Zvi gyL gwnjvi w`K _K Ab w`K Nywiq w`jb...|
G nv`xm _K Z eySv hvq h, gwnjv gyLgj Dby wQj| Avi ivm~jjy v n gwnjvK gyL AveZ KiZ
st
wb`k bv w`q dv`ji gyL Ab w`K Nywiq w`qQb| GZ cgvwYZ nq h, gyL Lvjv _vKZ cvi Ze `w mshZ KiZ
tru ne|
cg wnRix kZKi cwm bxq gynvwm I gvwjKx gvhnvei dKxn Avjx Beby Lvjvd Beby Avyj gvwjK Beby
h
evvj (449wn) G nv`xmi evLvq ejb: G nv`xm viv cgvwYZ nq h, bex-cZxMYi Dci h chvqi wnRve ev c`v dih
na
wQj mvaviY gywgb bvixì Dci mic c`v dih bq| (bex-cZxMYi Rb gyL AveZ Kiv dih wQj,) hw` mvaviY gywgbMYi
DciI Abyicfve gyL AveZ Kiv dih nZv Ze ivm~jyjv n AekB LvmAvg Mvxq G gwnjvK gyL AveZ KiZ wb`k
un
w`Zb Ges m dv`&ji gyL Nywiq w`Zb bv| GZ cgvwYZ nq h, bvixi Rb Zvi gyL AveZ Kiv dih bq; KviY gyymwjg
dKxnMY BRgv (&HKgZ) KiQb h, mvjvZi ga gwnjv Zvi gyLgj AbveZ ivLeb, hwÌ ZvZ ci-cyiliv Zvi gyL
ss
`LZ cvq|
Rvwei Beby Avyjv n (iv) ivm~jyjvn -Gi mvjvZzj C` Av`vqi NUbv eYbv cm ejb, mvjvZ Av`vqi ci
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wZwb gvbylìK Dc`k (LyZev) c`vb Kib| AZtci wZwb gwnjvì wbKU Mgb Kib Ges ZvìK Dc`k c`vb
w
Kib| wZwb ZvìK ejb, Zvgiv `vb Ki; KviY Zvgvì AwaKvskB Rvnvbvgi Bb ne|
ZLb gwnjvì ga _K GKRb gwnjv DV ùvovb| Zvi Mq wQj KvjP cvovU| wZwb ejb, n Avjvni
ivm~j, Kb Gic ne? wZwb ejb, KviY Zvgiv ewk ewk AwfhvM Ki Ges ^vgxi cwZ AKZ _vK|
G nv`xm Rvwei (iv) ckKvix gwnjvi gyLi is DjL KiQb, GZ eySv hvq h, Zvi gyLgj AbveZ wQj|
ivm~jjy v n KLbv Kvbv gwnjvK nvZ ai ev nvZ nvZ w`q evBqvZ Kib wb| wZwb gyL evBqvZ cvV
KivZb| Ze evBqvZMnYKvix gwnjvi ga AvcwKi wKQz `Lj Zvi Avcw cKvk KiZb| G A_ Avqkv (iv)
ejb, wnb`v webZy DZev ejb, n Avjvni bex, Avcwb AvgvK evBqvZ Kivb| wZwb ejb:
Contents

Zvgvi KiZjq (gnw` w`q) cwieZb bv Kiv ch Avwg Zvgvi evBqvZ Kive bv; Zvgvi nvZ `yUv hb eb
Ri nvZ!
nv`xmwUi mb` `yejZv AvQ| Ze wewfb `yej mb` AbK nv`xm ewYZ nqQ h, ivm~jyjv n Kvbv gwnjvi
nvZ gnw` wenxb `LZ cj LyeB AcQ` KiZb| G mKj nv`xm _K Rvbv hvq h, gwnjvì nq AbveZ
_vKZ|
Zvweqx KvBm Beby Avex nvwhg ejb,
...

Ave~ evK&i (iv)-Gi (gZz c~eeZx) AmyZ
vi mgq Avgiv Zvi wbKU Mgb Kwi| ZLb Zuvi wbKU `yB nvZ
(Rvwnjx hyMi) Dw-avix GKRb gwnjv wQjb, wZwb wQjb (Zuvi x) Avmgv webZz DgvBm| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|
Zvweqx Aveym myjvBj ejb:
...
om

.c
Ave~ hvi wMdvix (iv) Zvi mv_xì mv_ em wQjb, GgZvevq Zvi Kbv Zvi wbKU AvMgb Kib| Kbvi Mvq
ckgi cvkvK wQj Ges Zvi Kcvjq wQj KvjP cvovU ...|
st
Zvweqx KzevBmv Beby Rvwei Avj-Avmv`x ejb,
tru

:
h
na

Avgiv gqì mv_ kwiK nq KziAvb wkv KiZvg| eb~ Avmv` Mvi GK evi mv_ Avgiv wZbRb Beby
un
gvmE` (iv)-Gi wbKU Mgb Kijvg| wZwb `Ljb h, gwnjvwUi Kcvj PgKvQ ev PKPK KiQ| wZwb ejjb, Zzwg wK
Zvgvi Kcvj i Ki? G K_vq D gwnjv ivMw^Z nq ejb, eis Avcbvi x Kcvj PuvQ!! Beby gvmE` (iv) ejb, Zvnj
ss
Zzwg wfZi Zvi wbKU hvI| hw` m Gic Ki Ze Avgvi mv_ Zvi Kvbv mK _vKe bv| ... eYbvwUi mb` nvmvb|
.a
DiIqv Beby Avyjv n Beby KzkvBi ejb, Avwg dvwZgv webZz Avjx Beby Avex Zvwjei wbKU Mgb Kwi,
...
w
ZLb Avwg Zuvi nq KqKwU gvUv evjv `Ljvg, cZK nvZ `ywU Ki, Ges Zuvi nvZ Avwg AvswU `Ljvg|
w
eYbvwUi mb` mnxn|

gvBg~b Beby wgnivb ejb, Avwg Dy `vi`v (iv) wbKU Mgb Kwi,
...
ZLb Avwg `Ljvg, wZwb GKwU gvUv Iobv w`q gv_v AveZ
Ki wQjb, hv Zvi ch bg GmwQj...|
eYbvwUi mb` mnxn|
mvweZ Beby KvBm Beby kvvm (iv) ejb,
Contents

Dy Lvjv` bvgK GK gwnjv ivm~jjy v n -Gi wbKU Zuvi wbnZ cy mK ck KiZ Avmb| ZLb wZwb wbKve
viv gyL AveZ Ki iLwQjb| GZ KwZcq mvnvex ZvK ejb, Avcwb Avcbvi (wbnZ) cyi K_v wRvmv KiZ
GmQb, A_P Avcbvi gyL wbKve w`q XK iLQb? GZ wZwb ejb, hwÌ Avwg Avgvi cyy nvwiqwQ, Ze Avwg
KLbvB Avgvi jv nvive bv! ZLb ivm~jjy v n ZvK ejb, Zvgvi cy `yRb knxì mvIqve cve| wZwb ejb, n
Avjvni ivm~j, Gi KviY wK? wZwb ejb, KviY ZvK Avnjy wKZveMY (Bn~`x-Lvb) nZv KiQ| nv`xmwUi mb`
`yej Zv AvQ|
G nv`xm mvnvexMYi Avcw _K cgvY Kiv nq h, gwnjvì Rb gyLgj AveZ Kiv dih bq, Ze jv ev
mgi cKvk wnme Zvì ga wbKve eenvii cPjb wQj Ges Zuviv Zv cQ` KiZb|
om
PZz_ cKii cgvY: KziAvbi evLv I hyw
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I G gZi mg_K Abvb dKxni c wKQz hyw ck Kiv nq| G RvZxq wKQz hyw Avgiv
Dci DZ mvivLmx, Kvmvbx, Zvevix, Beby evvj cgLy dKxni ee `LwQ| G gZi mg_KMY Aviv ejb, gnvb
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Avjvn Dci DwjwLZ AvqvZ gywgb bvixì welq Bikv` KiQb, Zvì Mxev I e`k hb Zviv gv_vi Kvco viv
st
) A_ gKveiY| Beby AveZ Ki|| G wb`k viv cZxqgvb nq h, bvixì gyL AveZ Kiv dih bq| KviY wLgvi (
Kvmxi ejb, hv w`q gv_v AveZ Kiv nq ZvK wLgvi ej| Beby nvRvi ejb, bvixi Rb wLgvi ev Iobv cyili Rb
tru Rb cvMwoi gZB|
h
Avjvn gKveiY w`q Mxev I e`k AveZ KiZ wb`k w`qQb, gyL AveZ KiZ wb`k `b wb| gv_vi AveiY
na
viv eyK I Mjv AveZ KiZ nj IobvK `yB Kvbi Dci w`q Szwjq gyLi wbP w`q Mjv, Nvo I eyKi Dci w`q RovZ
ne, GZ gyL AbveZ _vKe|
Zuviv Aviv `vwe Kib h, KziAvb Kvixg bvix I cyil DfqK `w mshZ KiZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ| GZ
un
cgvwYZ nq h, cyili `ni bvq bvixi `niI wKQz Ask AbveZ _vKe hv BQv Kij `Lv hvq, Ze Zv bv `L `wK
mshZ KivB gywgb I gywgbvi `vwqZ| nv`xm kixdI evievi gywgbìK `w mshZ KiZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ| weklZ
ss
ivvNvU emv Aevq `w mshZ KiZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ| hw` gymwjg gwnjvi `ni `Lvi gZ wKQzB AbveZ Kivi
.a
Abygv`b bv _vK Ze `w mshZ Kivi wb`ki A_ _vK bv|

Zuviv `vwe Kib, Bmjvgx wnRve eevq wdZ&bv ev Akvw wbqY I cqvRb Dfq w`Ki mevg mg^q Kiv nqQ|
w
wdZbv ivai bvg gyL AveZ Kiv dih Kiv nj gymwjg gwnjvi Rb cqvRbxq jb`b I KvRKg KiZ Amyweav nZv| G
w
mKj KgKvi Rb gyLgj I nq Lvjv ivLjB Pj| GRb evwK `n AveZ Kiv dih Kiv nqQ Ges gyLgj I n
w
qi Rb `w mshZ Kivi wb`k Ìqv nqQ|

Dcii cgvYwji wfwZ Dch y dKxnMY gwnjvì gyL AbveZ ivLv ea ejQb| Zuvì gZ Dyj
gyw gbxbMYi Rb gyL AveZ Kiv dih wQj| Abvb mKj gymwjg bvixi Rb gyL AveZ Kiv Dg I iZcY~ bKKg,
Ze Zv dih bq|
gyLgj I KiZji mxgviLv
Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, G mKj Bgvg I dKxni gZ gwnjvi gyLgj I KiZjq AveZ Kiv dih bq| Zuviv
wbwZ KiQb h, gyLj ejZ `yB Kvbi gaeZx I Kcvj I wPeyKi gaeZx vb| KYq, wPeyKi wbPi Ask,
Kcvji Pzj ev h Kvbv cKvi Szj cov Pzj AveZ Kiv Gì gZI dih| `ni Abvb Aski bvq Pzj, Kvb,
wPeyKi wbPi Ask AveZ Kiv dih nIqvi welq mKj dKxn GKgZ|
Contents

mnxn nv`xm ZB DjL Kiv nqQ h, KYq gv_vi Ask, gyLi Ask bq| Avi GRbB Ihyi mgq
gyLgji mv_ KYq aZ KiZ nq bv, eis gv_vi Ask wnme gvmn KiZ nq| wnRvei I KYq gv_vi Ask
wnme AveZ Kiv dih|
GLvb Aviv jYxq h, gyLgjK ^fveZB cKvwkZ _vK wnme cKvk m`h ej hviv MY KiQb,
Zviv DjL KiQb h, gyL hw` Kwg m`h, gK-Avc ev Ab Kvbvfve m`hPPv Kiv nq, Ze Zv cKvk Kiv
nvivg nq hve; KviY m Zv AwZwi m`h ej MY ne hv AveZ Kiv dih|
KiZj ejZ Kw ch `yB nvZi Zvjy eySvbv nqQ| AviexZ G welqK nv`xm I mvnvexMYi gZvgZ
) k eenvi Kiv nqQ, Gi A_ (palm): nvZi Zvjy ev KiZj| Kwi Dci nvZi evwK Ask AveZ evisevi (
Kiv Gì gZ dih| GKwU AZ `yej nv`xm nvZi mxgviLv Kwi Dci Aviv Pvi AvOyj ej DjL Kiv nqQ|
nv`xmwU GZ `yej I AMnYhvM h, Kvbv dKxn Zv MnY Kib wb|
Zvwe-Zvweqx Avyj gvwjK Beby Avyj Avhxh Beby RyivBR (150wn) ejb, Avqkv (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n
ejQb,

om
Kvbv bvix hLb FZzcv v nq ZLb Zvi gyLgj I Gi wbg Qvov wKQzB cKvwkZ nIqv ea bq, GK_v ej wZwb
Zvi nvZ gyVv Ki aijb| Zvi KiZj I Zvi gyVvi gaeZx vb AviKwU gyVv aivi vb wQj (Kwi cvq 4 AvOyj
.c
Dci wZwb gyVv Ki aiwQjb|)
G A_ Zvweqx KvZv`v ejb, Avgvì wbKU msev` cuQQ h, ivm~jjy v n ejQb,
st

tru

h
Avjvn Ges AvwLivZ wekvm Ki Ggb Kvbv igYxi Rb ea bq h, Zvi nvZi GZUzKz Qvov wKQz cKvk Kie, GK_v
na
ej wZwb Zvi nvZi (KbyB _K AvOyji cvmxgvi) gaeZx vb gyVv Ki aib|

Dfq mbì `yejZv GZ ewk h, gymwjg dKxnMYi KDB G eYbvi Dci wbfi Kib wb| Bgvg Ave~ BDm~d _K
un
Acwm m~ Gic GKwU gZ ewYZ nqQ, hv gvhnvei Ask wnme MnY Kiv nq wb|
4. 3. 1. 2. 2. Mvcb m`h
ss
Bgvg Avng` Beby nv^vj I Abvb AbK Bgvg I dKxn gZ cKvk KiQb h, PZz_ chvq bvixi Rb gyLgj
.a
I KiZjI Mvcb m`h ev AvDivZ| gymwjg igYxi Rb kixii Abvb Aski bvq gyL XK ivLvI dih| Zvì
gZ bvixi m~Y `nB AbvZxq ev `~ivZxqi AveZe AvDivZ ev mZi, ay Pjvdiv ev jb`bi cqvRb Pzq
w
ev GKwU Pz gymwjg gwnjv AbveZ ivLeb|

Zuviv Zuvì gZ c wewfb cKvii cgvY ck KiQb: c_gZ, ivm~jjy v n -Gi nv`xm, wZxqZ, mvnvexMYi
w
gZvgZ, ZZxqZ, gwnjv mvnvexMYi Kg Ges PZz_Z , KziAvbi AvqvZi evLv wfwK hyw|
w
c_g cKvii cgvY: ivm~jjy v n -Gi nv`xm

Avyjv n Beby gvmE` (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb,

bvix AvDivZ ev AveZe v; KvRB m hLb ei nq ZLb kqZvb ZvK Af_bv Ki| nv`xmwUi mb`
mnxn|
G nv`xm bvixKB AvDivZ ev AveZe ejv nqQ| G _K Rvbv hvq h bvixi cyiv `nB AveZe, G_K
Kvbv A ev` Ìqvi myhvM bB| ay GKv cqvRb Pz Dby
y ivLv hZ cvi|
Contents

wZxq cKvii cgvY: mvnvexMYi gZvgZ
Beby gvmE` (iv), Avqkv (iv), Beby Avevm (iv) cgLy mvnvex _K ewYZ nqQ h, Zuviv gwnjvì cyiv kixi
AveZ ivLZ wb`k w`qQb| cKvk m`h ejZ Zviv ewniveiY I cvkvK eywSqQb|
Zvweqx Aveyj AvnIqvm ejb, Avyjv n Beby gvmE` (iv) ejb,
:) (
Zviv hb mvaviYZ hv cKvk _vK Zv eZxZ Zvì m`h-Ajvi c`kb bv Ki, A_v r cvkvK| eYbvwUi
mb` mnxn|
Avqkv (iv) _KI Abyic gZvgZ ewYZ nqQ| Zuviv ejb, mvnvexMYi ga wdKn-Gi w`K _K Beby gvmE` I
Avqkvi vb AbK Ea| mvnvexMYi gZfì Zuvì gZB MnY Kiv DwPZ|
Avgiv Dci `LwQ h, Beby Avevm (iv) gyLgj cKvkhvM m`h ej gZ cKvk KiQb| wK Ab eYbvq wZwb
gyL AveZ Kivi c ejQb| m~iv Avnhve Gikv` Kiv nqQ: Zviv hb Zvì wRjevei (Pvìi) wKq`sk wbRì Dci
Ub `q| G AvqvZi evLvq Bgvg Zvevix Zuvi mb` ejb, Beby Avevm (iv) ejQb,

om
Avjvn gywgb bvixMYK wb`k w`qQb, Zviv hb cqvRb Nii evBi hZ nj wbRì Pvì w`q wbRì gv_v
I gyLgj XK bq, ay GKwU PvL Zviv evBi ivLe| eYbvwUi mb` `yej|
.c
ZZxq cKvii cgvY: gwnjv mvnvexMYi Kg
st
ni cvkvKi eYbvq ivm~jjy v n ejQb:

tru

Bnivg Aevq gwnjv wbKve ev gyLveiY eenvi Kie bv Ges nvZ gvRv cwiavb Kie bv|
h
na
gyL AveZ Kivi Rb h Kvco eenvi Kiv nq ZvK wbKve ej| G nv`xm _K Rvbv hvq h, wbKve I
nvZgvRv cwiavbi cPjb Aviexq gwnjvì ga evcK wQj| GRb ivm~jjy v n weklfve wb`k w`qQb h,
un
ni mgq Gwj eenvi Kiv hve bv| G_K Aviv eySv hvq h, ni mgq Qvov Ab mgq gwnjviv Gwj eenvi
Kieb|
ivm~jjy v n -Gi hyM Ges cieZx hyM gymwjg gwnjviv gyLeveiY ev wbKve eenvi KiZb Ges AbvZxq ev `~ivZxq
ss
cyilì mvgb wbRì gyLgj AveZ KiZb ej wewfb nv`xm _K Rvbv hvq|
.a
Bd&K ev Acevì NUbvi eYbvq Avqkv (iv) ejb,

w
w

(Kvdjv Pj wMqQ `L Avwg mLvbB em _vKjvg..) em _vKZ _vKZ GK mgq Pz fvix nq Nywgq
cwo| mvdIqvb Bebyj gyAvvj myjvgx mbvevwnbxi wcQb wQjb| wZwb Avgvi Aevbi wbKU Gm GKRb wbw`Z gvbyli
Aeqe `LZ cvb| wZwb AvgvK `L wPbZ cvib; KviY c`vi weavb bvwhj nIqvi AvM wZwb AvgvK `LwQjb|
AvgvK wPbZ ci wZwb Bbv wjjvwn... ej DVb, Ges mB k Avgvi Nyg f hvq| ZLb Avwg Avgvi wRjeve ev
Pvì w`q Avgvi gyL AveZ Kwi|
LvBevii hyi ci ivm~jjy v n mvwdqv webZ qvBK weevn Kib| Gici wZwb ZuvK Zuvi mv_ DUi wcV
wbq g`xbvq AvMgb Kib| G NUbvi eYbvq Avbvm (iv) ejb,
Contents

ivm~jjy v n Zuvi wbRi Pvì mvwdqvi wcVi Dci w`q I gyLi Dci w`q ZvK Avovj Kib|
Avqkv (iv) ejb,

.

Avgiv ivm~jjy v n -Gi mv_ Bnivg Aevq wQjvg| GgZvevq Avgvì cvk w`q Kvdjvwj AwZg KiwQj|
hLb Zviv Avgvì cvkvcvwk Gm hZ ZLb Avgviv Avgvì wRjeve ev Pvì gv_v _K gyLi Dci bvwgq w`Zvg| hLb Zviv
AvgvìK AwZg Ki Pj hZ ZLb Avgvi Avevi gyL AbveZ KiZvg| nv`xmwUi mb` nvmvb|
Avmgv webZz Avex evKi (iv) ejb,

om
Avgiv cyilì _K Avgvì gyLgj AveZ KiZvg Ges Gi AvM Avgiv Bnivgi Rb Pzj AuvPovZvg|
nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|
Zvweqx Avwmg Avj-AvnIqvj ejb,
.c

st
tru
Avgiv (cwm gwnjv Zvweqx) nvdm webZ mxixb (101wn)-Gi Mn cek KiZvg| wZwb Zvi wRjeve Gfve
h
cwiavb KiZb Ges Zv w`q wbRi gyL AveZ Ki ivLZb| eYbvwUi mb` mnxn|
na
Gic Aviv AMwYZ eYbv _K Rvbv hvq h Dyj gywgbxbMY, gwnjv mvnvex Ges ZvweqMY gyL AveZ Ki ivLZb|
PZz_ cKvii cgvY: KziAvbi AvqvZi evLv wfwK hyw
un
Bgvg Avng` Beby nv^vj, Zuvi AbymvixMY I mggZi Abvb dKxn I Bgvg ejb, KziAvb Kvixgi c`v welqK
AvqvZwj myZ cgvY Ki h, gyLgj AveZ Kiv gymwjg gwnjvi c`vi AweQ` Ask| Avgiv `LwQ, m~iv b~ii
ss
AvqvZ Avjvn gywgb bvixìK c`vi wb`k w`q ejQb: Zviv hb ^fveZ hv cKvwkZ Zv eZxZ Zvì m`h
c`kb bv Ki| GLvb ^fveZ hv cKvwkZ ejZ hv AveZ Kiv me bq Zv eySvbv nqQ| Zv cvkvK cwiQ` ev
.a
Pzq, hv PjvPji Rb Dby ivLv ìKvi| gyLgj Zv AveZ Kiv me| KvRB ZvK ^fveZB cKvk _vK ej MY
w
Kiv hvq bv| gyLgj AbveZ Kivi A_ hv cKvk bv Kiv Pj ZvK cKvk Kiv| A_P Avjvn AveZ Kivi gZ me m`h
AveZ KiZ wb`k w`qQb|
w
Gici Avjvn ejQb: Zvì Mxev I e`k hb Zviv gv_vi Kvco viv AveZ Ki| G K_vwUI gyL AveZ Kivi
w
wb`k `q| KviY:

c_gZ, gv_vi Kvco ev Iobv w`q Mxev I e`k AveZ KiZ nj ZvK gyLi Dci w`q bvwgq AvbvB
^vfvweK|
wZxqZ, gv_vi Pzj, Mxev I e`k AveZ KiZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ wdZbv ev Akvw ivai Rb| Avi Gw`K
_K gv_vi Pzj, Mxev I e`k AveZ Kivi Pq gyL AveZ Kivi cqvRbxqZv AbK ewk| gyLB m`hi g~j vb I
gyLi m`hB gvbylK ewk AvKwlZ Ki| gyL `LZ cj gvbyl Abvb Ai w`K Avi ZZ iZ w`q ZvKvq bv|
Zvnj wKfve gb Kiv hvq h, kixqZ gyL Lvjv iL gv_v, Mjv I eyK AveZ KiZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ?
Gici Avjvn ejQb, Zviv hb Zvì Mvcb m`h cKvki Dk mRvi c`c bv Ki| GLvb gywgb
bvixìK cvqi Ajvi, gj, Zvov BZvwì Aevb Rvbvbvi Rb mRvi c`c KiZ wbla KiQb| Gfve Avgiv
`LwQ h, c`qKI AveZ KiZ ne Ges cvqi gj ev Zvovi k Ki c`c Kiv hve bv| GKRb weeKevb gvbyl
Contents

mnRB eySZ cvib h, cvqi gj ev c`qi Pq gyLgji m`h AbK ewk I AvKlYxq| cvqi gji k kvbvbvi
Pq wK gyLi m`h c`kb Kiv ewk wdZbvi KviY bq? Zvnj Avgiv wKfve Kbv KiZ cvwi h, Avjvn cv AveZ KiZ
I cvqi Ajvii k KiZ wbla Kieb, A_P gyLgj AbveZ KiZ wb`k wèb?
m~iv b~i cieZx AvqvZ Avjvn ejQb t

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Contents

nuv, Avwg ZvK ejZ bwQ| wZwb ejQb, hyeZx gqiv, Kzgvix gqiv Ges FZzeZx gqivI C`yj wdZi I
C`yj Avhnvi Rb ei ne| Zuviv KjvY (mvjvZ) Ges gywgbì `yAvq DcwZ _vKe| Ze FZzeZxMY mvjvZi vb
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Contents
Agymwjg ev Lv`v`vnx gwnjvì `Lv`wL AbyKiY cebZvi KviY Zviv Gic KwVb nvivg cvc wj nb|
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Contents

b~ii Dci DwjwLZ AvqZq gywgb-gywgbv mKjKB `w mshgi wb`k Ìqv nqQ| `w mshgi `ywU w`K iqQ| wKQz
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Contents

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`Le bv| dvwZgv Zv A wQjb bv, KvRB wZwb Avyjv ni gyL, ev AbveZ gv_v, Kuva, wcV, eyK BZvw` `Leb GUvB
^vfvweK| Gwj `Lv Aea nj KLbvB ivm~jjy v n dvwZgvK Zvi evwoZ BZ cvjbi wb`k w`Zb bv| AmveavbZvq
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gngvbì mvgb gv_vi Iobv mi hvIqvi mvebvi Pq cyili evwoZ Aevb Kij evisevi Zvi AbveZ `n `Lvi
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mvebv AbK ewk| Gic `kb _K AvZiv Kivi Pq evwoZ AvMZ gngvbì _K wbRK Avovj ivLv AbK ewk
mnR I ^vfvweK|
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mKj gyny vwm GKgZ h, mbì w`K _K wZxq nv`xm AwaKZi kwkvjx I wUgy| GRb AbK mbì
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wfwZ c_g nv`xmwUi cwieZ wZxq nv`xmwUi Dci wbfi KiQb| Ab AbK nv`xm `ywUi A_i ga mg^qi Pv
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KiQb|
nv`xmqi ga mg^q Ki Bgvg Ave~ `vD`, Avjvgv Beby Avyj evi&i, Avjvgv gybwhix, nvwdh Beby nvRvi
AvmKvjvbx cgLy gynvwm I dKxn ejb h, Ai _K wbRìK Avovj Kiv Kivi G wb`k ay bex-cZxMYi Rb|
KziAvb Kvixg Avjvn ZB DjL KiQb h, Dyj gywgbxbMY mvaviY gwnjvì mgZj bb| GRb Zuvì Rb
AwZwi I wekl c`vi weavb wQj| cvi Abvb mKj gwnjvi Rb Ai _K Avovj nIqvi weavb chvR bq| Zuviv
cyilì `w _K wbRì AvDivZ AveZ Kieb, Ze cyilì AvDivZ Qvov Ab Ai cwZ `wcvZ Zvì Rb
Aea bq|
`w mshgi welqwU Dfq nv`xmB AbycwZ| Avgiv hw` gb Kwi h, dvwZgv 3/4 gvm `w mshZ Ki _vKeb
kZB ivm~jjy v n ZvK Beby Dw gvKZgi evwoZ BZ cvjb KiZ wb`k `b; m ck _vK, wKQz mgqi Rb
`w mshZ Ki Dyj gyw gbxbqK Z_vq Aevb KiZ wZwb evav w`jb Kb? G _K eySv hvq h, AwZwi I wekl
c`vi KviYB wZwb Dyj gyw gbxbqK G wb`k `b| GRbB Avgiv `LwQ h, ivm~jjy v n Beby Dw gvKZg _K
wbRìK Avovj KiZ Dyj gywgbxb-qK wb`k w`qQb| Avevi mB Beby Dw gvKZg `LZ cvq bv ej Zvi
Contents

mvgb wbRi gv_vi Iobv Lvjvi I Zvi evwoZ BZ cvjbi wb`k w`qQb wZwb dvwZgv Beby KvBmK|
Avjvgv Beby nvRvi AvmKvjvbx ejb, Ai mvebv _vK h, AmveavbZvi KviY ev A nIqvi KviY
Ai `ni AcQ`bxq Kvbv Ask nqZ cKvwkZ nq hve, A_P m Zv eySZ cvie bv| meZ GRb
mveavbZvg~jKfve Ai mvgb _K Avovj hvIqvi wb`k w`qwQjb ivm~jyjvn | Gi viv cgvwYZ nq bv h, bvixi
Rb cyili w`K `wcvZ Kiv mvaviYfve Aea ev wbwl|
Ab nv`xm Avqkv (iv) ejb,

(

)

(

)( )

.

Avwg `LwQ, ivm~jjy v n Avgvi evwoi ìRvq ùvwoq Zuvi Pvì w`q AvgvK c`v KiwQjb Ges Avwg
Bw_Icxq-nvekxì w`K ZvwKq wQjvg, Zviv gmwRì ga Zvì mowK-ejg wbq Ljv KiwQj| AZtci hZY bv Avwg
wbR Kv nZvg ZZY wZwb Avgvi Rb GfveB ùvwoq _vKZb| KvRB Zvgviv Aeqv Ljvayjv-wcq gqi ghv`v-
iZ Abyaveb Kie|
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G nv`xmI Z cgvY Ki h, gwnjvì Rb cyilì AbveZ gyL I `ni w`K `wcvZ Aea bq| G nv`xm
Avqkv wbRK Aeqv ej DjL KiQb| G _K Kvbv Kvbv gynvwm gb KiQb h, G mgq wZwb Acv-eqv
wQjb Ges Zuvi Dci c`v dih wQj bv| KviY wZwb 9/10 ermi eqm ivm~jyjv n -Gi msmvi AvMgb Kib| wK GLvb
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`ywU welq cwYavbhvM| c_gZ, nv`xm ZB ejv nqQ h, ivm~jjy v n ZuvK wbRi Pvì w`q c`v KiwQjb| GZ eySv
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hvq h, G NUbvwU c`vi weavb bvwhji ci NUwQj Ges G mgq Avqkvi (iv) Dci c`v dih wQj| wZxqZ, G nv`xmi
tru
Kvbv Kvbv eYbvq DjL Kiv nqQ h, G NUbv NUwQj Bw_Icxqv ev nvekv _K gymwjg cwZwbwa`ji AvMgbi ci|
Zuviv 7g wnRixZ Bw_Icxqv _K g`xbv AvMgb Kib| ZLb Avqkv (iv)-Gi eqm wQj 16 ermi Ges c`vi weavb Gi AbK
AvMB bvwhj nqwQj|
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na
GLvb Ab GKwU g~jbxwZ iqQ| `ni hv `kb Kiv g~j ZB wbwl Zv AveZ Kiv dih| Avi hv AbveZ Kiv
ea Zv g~jZ `kb Kiv ea| GRb Bgvg Mvhvjx, Avjvgv Beby nvRvi AvmKvjvbx cgLy Avwjg DjL KiQb h, ivm~jjy v n
-Gi hyMy _K me`v I me gqiv evBi hvQb| gmwR`, evRvi, gb BZvw` wewfb cqvRb Zvì evBi eivb
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ea Kiv nqQ| G ZvìK wbKve eenvi Ki gyL AveZ KiZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ; hb cyiliv Zvì `LZ
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bv cvq| cvi KLbvB Kvbvfve gwnjvì `w _K wbRìK AveZ KiZ cyilìK wbKve cwiavb KiZ
wb`k Ìqv nq wb| G_K eySv hvq h, bvix I cyiy li ga cv_K iqQ| cyili Rb bvixi `ni cwZ `wcvZ
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wbwl njI bvixi Rb cyili `ni cwZ `wcvZ wbwl bq| Bgvg Mvhvjx gwnjvì Rb cyili AvDivZ Qvov
`ni Abvb A `kb Kiv ea nIqvi c Aviv AbK hyw ck KiQb|
w
w
4. 3. 3. ewnevm I wRjevei mvaviYZ

w
Dcii AvjvPbv _K Avgiv `LwQ h, gymwjg igYx ^vfvweK AvDivZ AveZKvix cvkvKi Dci wRjeve
cwiavb Kieb| wRjeve Qvov evBi ei neb bv| wbRi wRjeve bv _vKj Abi wRjeve avi wbq cwiavb Kieb|
wRjeve ay ewnMgbi RbB bq| Mni ga AbvZxq ev `~ivZxq cyil cek KijI Zvi mvgb wRjeve eenvi KiZ
ne| Zvweqx KvBm Beby hvB` ejb,
...

ivm~jjy v n nvdmv webZ Dgvi (iv)-K GK ZvjvK c`vb Kib|... AZtci ivm~jjy v n Zuvi Mn cek Kib|
Contents

ZLb wZwb (ivm~jjy v n -K ci-cyil wnme weePbv Ki) Zuvi wRjeve cwiavb Kib| ZLb ivm~jjy v n ejb,
wReivCj (Av) Avgvi wbKU Gm ejb, Avcwb nvdmvK wdwiq wbb...| mbì ivexMY wbfihvM|
wRjevei Dk mvaviY cvkvKi AvKlYxqZv I m`h AveZ Kiv| GRb gwnjvì wRjeve ev eviKv
AwZwi m`h I AvKlYxq KviKvh _K gy _vKe| Avgiv BZvc~e DjL KiwQ h, bvix-cyil mKji RbB
mvaviYfve cwmwi cvkvK wbwl| wekl Ki gwnjvì Rb m`h c`kbi cvkvK wbwl|
Avgiv `LwQ h, KziAvb Kvixg gymwjg igYxK Zvevi&iR ev m`h c`kb _K wbla Kiv nqQ Ges m`h
c`kbK cvPxb Rvwnjx hyMi Kg ej wb`v Kiv nqQ| KvRB Kvbv gwnjv hw` wbRi `ni m`h Ges mvaviY
cvkvKi m`h AveZ Ki wRjeve ev eviKv wnme Aviv ewk m`hgwZ I AvKlYxq cvkvK cwiavb Ki, Ze ZvZ
eviKv ev wRjevei Dk c~Y ne bv, eis D gwnjv Zvevi&iR ev m`h c`kbi cvc cvcx nq coeb|
GLvb DjL h, gwnjviv h Kvbv iOi wRjeve, eviKv ev ewnevm cwiavb KiZ cvib| mgvR AcPjbi
KviY cwmwi fq bv _vKj iO eenvi m`h c`kb ej MY bq| Avgiv `LwQ h, ivm~jjy v n cyilìK
UKUK jvj ev Abyic ewk AvKlYxq iO-Gi cvkvK cwiavb KiZ wbla KiQb, wK bvixì Rb Abyic cvkvK
eenvii AbygwZ w`qQb| GK nv`xm wZwb ejb,
om
cyilì myMw hvi myM cKvwkZ nq Ges iO AcKvwkZ _vK Ges gqì myMw hvi iO cKvwkZ nq Ges
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myM AcKvwkZ _vK| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|
st
GZ cgvwYZ nq h, gwnjvMY h Kvbv iO w`q wbRì cvkvK iwZ KiZ cvieb, hw` Zvi myM cmvwiZ bv
nq| ivm~jjy v n -Gi hyM gwnjvMY Gfve wewfb iOi ewnevm cwiavb KiZb ej wewfb mnxn nv`xm ewYZ nqQ|
tru
Zvweqx Beivnxg bvLqx ejb, wZwb Zvweqx AvjKvgv I AvmIqvì mv_ bex-cZxMYi wbKU Mgb KiZb,

h
na
wZwb `LZb h, Zviv jvj Pvì cwiavb Ki AvQb|

Ab Zvweqx Beby Avex gyjvBKv ejb,
un

ss
Avwg `Ljvg h, bex-cZx Dy mvjvgv GKwU Avmdvi iwZ jvj Kvgxm (gvw) I Abyic GKwU Avmdvi iwZ
jvj Pvì cwiavb Ki iqQb|
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Abyicfve Avqkv (iv), Avmgv (iv) I Abvb gwnjv mvnvex jvj, Avdmvi-iwZ ev Abyic iOi ewnevm ev cvkvK cwiavbiZ
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Aev q ZvIqvd KiQb, Abyic cvkvK ni Bnivg Ki n AvMgb KiQb Ges Abvb mgq Gic cvkvK cwiavb KiQb
ej wewfb mnxn nv`xm ewbZ nqQ|
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4. 3. 4. wXjXvjv I ^vfvweK Kvcoi cvkvK

w
BZvc~e Avgiv AvjvPbv KiwQ h, Bmjvgx cvkvKi AbZg ewk, Zv wXjXvjv I ^vfvweK ne| AvuUmuvU I
cvZjv Kvcoi cvkvK Bmjvg wbwl Kiv nqQ ej Avgiv `LwQ| gwnjvì cvkvKi G welq mwekl iZ
Avivc Kiv nqQ| cvkvK cwiavbi ciI Pvgovi iO ev `ni g~j AvKwZ cKvwkZ nj ZvK cvkvK ejv hvq bv, eis Zv
bMZv ejB MY| ivm~jjy v n ejQb

`ywbqvi AbK myembv mwZv bvix AvLivZ embnxbv (ej weewPZ) ne|
wZwb Aviv ejQb,
Contents

Avgvi DvZi kl Ggb bvixMY we`gvb _vKe hviv myembv AbveZv, Zvì gv_vi Dci DUi KuyR ev PzwUi
gZ _vKe| Zvgiv ZvìK Awfkvc wè; KviY Zviv Awfk|
wZwb Aviv ejQb:

`ykYxi RvnvbvgxK Avwg `wLwb| (A_vr cieZx mgq mgvR Gì `Lv hve|) GK kYx H mKj cyil
hviv mgvR `vcU `wLq Pj, Zvì nvZ _vK euvKvbv jvwV ev AvNvZ Kivi gZ nvwZqvi, hv w`q Zviv gvbylìK
gviavi Ki ev K `q| wZxq kYxi `vRLevmx H mKj bvix hviv cvkvK cwiwnZv nqI Dj, hviv c_PzZ Ges
om
AbìK c_PzZ Kie, Gì gv_v ne DUi wcVi gZ Xs Ki euvKvbv, Giv RvbvZ cek KiZ cvie bv, GgbwK
RvbvZi myMI Zviv cve bv, hwÌ RvbvZi myM AbK AbK `~i _KI cvIqv hve|
GLvb hgb c`v cvjb Aenjv Kiv _K mZK Kiv nqQ Zgwb gvbylìK K `qv I Ryjyg Kiv _K
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KwVbfve mveavb Kiv nqQ| G`yw U AvPiY mgvR Kjyw lZ Ki Ges cvkweKZvq fi Zvj, ZvB GZ`yf qi Rb iqQ
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KwVbZg kvw|
Dcii nv`xm `ywU _K Rvbv hvq h, gwnjvì Rb Pzji Lvcv gv_vi Dci eua m`h c`kb Kiv KwVbfve
tru
wbwl| Pzji Lvcv gv_vi wcQb ^vfvweK Aevq _vKe, hb Zv AwZwi AvKlYxqZv ev c`kbxqZv mw bv Ki|
Dcii nv`xmwj _K eySv hvq h, cvkvK mZi AveZ KijI Zv wbwl ej MY ne, hw` Zv `n AveZ
h
Kivi g~j Dk c~iY bv Ki| `ywU KviY Zv nZ cvi: (1) Zv Ggb cvZjv ne h, Pvgovi eO Kvcoi evBi _K
na
eySv hve A_ev (2) Zv AwZ gvjvqg ev AuvUmuvU nIqvi KviY `ni mv_ Ggbfve jM _vKe h, AveZ Ai g~j
AvKwZ evBi _K dyU DVe| Dfq cKvii cvkvKB Bmjvg wbwl I nvivg|
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cwm Zvweqx AvjKvgvi Avv ejb,

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) (
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(Avqkv (iv)-Gi fvwZRx) nvdmv webZ Avyi ivngvb Avqkv (iv)-Gi Mn cek Ki| nvdmvi gv_vq GKwU cvZjv
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Iobv wQj, hvi wbP _K Zvi Mxev`k `Lv hvwQj| Avqkv (iv) IobvwU wQo djb Ges ZvK GKwU gvUv Kvcoi Iobv
w
cwiavb KiZ `b|

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Zvweqx wnkvg Beby DiIqv ejb, Zuvi PvPv gybwhi Beby hyevBi Bebyj AvIqvg BivK _K wdi Gm Zuvi Avv
Avmgv webZ Ave~ evK&i wmxK (iv)-K cvimi gvif I Kvnvb Aji g~jevb Kvco nvw`qv c`vb Kib| ZLb Avmgvi
(iv) Pz A nq wMqwQj| wZwb nvZ w`q Kvcowj k Ki ejb, Dd! Zvi Kvcowj ZvK wdwiq `vI| GZ gybwhi
Lye K cvb| wZwb ejb, AvvRvb, G Kvcowj mQ ev cvZjv bq h, wbPi Pvgovi iO cKvk Kie| wZwb ejb

Kvcowj (`ni iO) cKvk bv KijI Zv (AwZ gvjvqg nIqvi KviY `ni AvKwZ) eYbv Ki| eYbvwUi
mb` mnxn|
Zvweqx Avyjvn Beby mvjvgv ejb, Dgvi (iv) gvbylì ga wgmixq g~jevb KvevwZ Kvco weZiY Kib| wZwb
ejb, Zvgvì gwnjvMY hb, G Kvcoi Kvgxm ev gvw bv evbvq| ZLb GKew ej, n Avgxij gyw gbxY, Avwg
Contents

Avgvi xK G Kvco cwiqwQ| m evwoi ga PjvPj KiQ| Avwg Zv `Ljvg bv h, Zvi Kvco mQ ev `ni iO
cKvk KiQ| ZLb Dgvi (iv) ejb,

Zv (iO) cKvk bv KijI, (`ni AvKwZ) eYbv Ki| eYbvwUi mb` gvUvgywU MnYhvM|
Dmvgv Beby hvB` (iv) ejb,

`wnqv Kvjex ivm~jjy v n -K h mKj Kvco nv`xqv w`qwQjb, mwji ga _K GKwU gvUv (cyi) wgmixq
KvevwZ Kvco wZwb AvgvK nvw`qv `b cwiavb Kivi Rb| Avwg KvcowU Avgvi xK c`vb Kwi| ivm~jjy vn AvgvK
om
ejb, Kx evcvi? Zzwg KvevwZ KvcowU cwiavb Ki wb Kb? Avwg ejjvg, n Avjvni ivm~j, Avwg KvcowU Avgvi xK
c`vb KiwQ| ZLb wZwb ejjb, Zzwg ZvK wb`k wè, m hb KvcowUi wbP GKwU (mwgR RvZxq) c_K Kvco
cwiavb Ki; KviY Avwg fq cvq h, G KvcowU Zvi nvoi AvKwZ eYbv Kie| nv`xmwUi mb` nvmvb|
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G nv`xm _K Avgiv `LwQ h, Kvco gvUv ev cyi njI hw` AwZ gvjvqg ev big nIqvi KviY Zv Awi ev
st
Ai mv_ jcU _K g~j AvKwZ cKvk Ki Ze Zv cwiavb Kij mZi AveZ Kivi dih Av`vq ne bv| GRb
tru
Gic Kvcoi wbP c_K Kvco cwiavb Kiv dih|
4. 3. 5. gwnjvì cvkvKi ^vZ
h
cvkvK hgb `n AveZ Ki ivL, Zgvwb Zv `n I gbi ga cfve wevi Ki| Avgiv Rvwb h, mwMZfve
na
bvix I cyil GKB; mvgvb wKQz gbv-`wnK cv_Ki gvag gnvb Avjvn bvix I cyili gvS cKw ZMZ cv_K mw Ki
gvbe mgvR wUwKq ivLvi eev KiQb|
un
eZ, cvkvK, ckvq, PvjPjb ev Kg cyili AbyKiY KiZ KiZ bvixi ga cyilvwj cKw Z Rb bq Ges
m bvixZK AcgvbRbK ej fveZ _vK| bvix cKwZi mv_ mvgmc~Y Kg, `vwqZ, ckv ev cvkvK Zvi KvQ Lvivc
ss
gb nq Ges cyilvwj cvkvK, ckv ev KgB Zvi KvQ fvj jvM| cyili I welqwU GKB| Gic ceYZvi Rb, I
cmvi wek gvbe RvwZi AwZi Rb gwK|
.a
bvix I cyili mgvb AwaKvi msiYi cvkvcvwk Zvì gaKvi cvKwZK-mwMZ ewkwj eRvq ivLv
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Bmjvgi AbZg ciYv| GRb nv`xm kixd weklfve bvix I cyili cvkvKi ^vZ eRvq ivLvZ wb`k Ìqv
nqQ| bvixi Rb cyilvwj cvkvK I cyili Rb gqwj cvkvK eenvi wbla Kiv nqQ, h welq Avgiv BZvc~e
w
AvjvPbv KiwQ|
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Avgiv `LwQ h, Ave~ ivBiv (iv), Beby Avevm (iv), Beby Dgvi (iv) cgLy mvnvex _K wewfb mnxn mb` G
welq AbK nv`xm ewYZ nqQ Ges eyLvix-gymwjg mn Abvb M msKwjZ nqQ| GK nv`xm Ave~ ivBiv (iv)
ejQb: h cyil gwnjvì gZ ev gwnjvì cwZZ cvkvK cwiavb Ki Ges h bvix cyilì gZ ev cyilì
ZvìK Awfkvc I jvbZ c`vb KiQb| cwZZ cvkvK cwiavb Ki ivm~jjy v n
G nv`xm wekl Ki cvkvKx AbyKiYi welqwU DjL Kiv nqQ| Ab nv`xm Beby Avevm (iv) ejb, h
ZvìK Awfkvc c`vb mKj cyil bvixì AbyKiY Ki Ges h mKj bvix cyilì AbyKiY Ki ivm~jjy v n
KiQb|
G nv`xm cvkvK, PvjPjb, dvkb, Kg, ckv-mn mvgwMKfve mKj cKvii AbyKiY wbwl Kiv nqQ|
Ab nv`xm ivm~jyjv n Gic AbyKiYKvixiv Zuvi DvZ bq ej DjL Ki ejQb, h bvix cyilì
AbyK iY mvRmv ev PvjPjb Ki Ges h cyil bvixì AbyKiY mvRmv ev PvjPjb Ki Zviv Avgvì (gymwjg
mgvRi) ga MY bq|
Contents

Ab nv`xm Avyjv n Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejb,

wZb ew RvbvZ cek Kie bv Ges wKqvgZi w`b Avjvn Zvì cwZ `KcvZ Kieb bv: (1) wcZvgvZvi
Aeva ew, (2) cyili AbyKiYKvix cyilvwj gwnjv Ges (3) `vBEm (h ew Zvi cwievii m`mì AkxZv gb
bq)| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|
cwm Zvweqx Beby Avex gyjvBKv ejb, Avqkv (iv)-K wRvmv Kiv nq, gwnjviv wK mj RvZxq (cyilvjx)
cv`yKv cwiavb KiZ cvie? wZwb ejb, wZwb Di ejb,

ivm~jjy v n cyilvwj Pjbi bvixìK Awfkvc w`qQb| nv`xmwUi mbì ivexMY wbfihvM|
bvix I cyili cvkvKi ^vZ wZbwU welqi Dci wbfi Kie| c_gZ Bmjvgi wb`kbv, wZxqZ, bvix I
cyili cKw Z Ges ZZxqZ, `kxq cPjb I ixwZ| Gwji wfwZ gymwjg gwnjvi cvkvK AekB cyili cvkvK _K
^Z ne| Avgiv BZvc~e AvjvPbv KiwQ h, G ^vZ cvkvKi wWRvBb, cwiavb cwZZ, iO ev Ab h Kvbv
om
fve nZ cvi|
4. 3. 6. Agymwjg I cvcxì Aby KiY eRb
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wZxq Aavq Avgiv AbyKiY I AbyKiY eRbi welq wevwiZ AvjvPbv KiwQ| Avgiv `LwQ h, agxq I mvsw ZK
st
welqvwì cvkvcvwk cvkvK cwiQ` BZvw` RvMwZK welqI Agymwjg ev cvcxì AbyKiY KiZ weklfve wbla KiQb
truivm~jjy v n I Zuvi mvnvexMY|
gymwjg gwnjvi cvkvKi I G welqwUi w`K j ivLv AwZ cqvRbxq| weklZ AvKvk-msw Z I
BjKUwbK wgwWqvi mvswZK AvMvmbi dj AvgwiKv, BDivc ev Gwkqvi Kvwdi I Akxj mgvRi gwnjvì cvkvK
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cwiQ` gymwjg mgvR wekl cmvi I RbwcqZv jvf KiQ| AbK ag-mPZb gymwjgI Zvi cwievii m`mìK G
na
mKj cvkvK eenvi KZ `b| Gì AbK AvswkK ev cyiv c`vi Rb evivKv eenvi KijI evwoZ I eviKvi
wbP Agymwjg gwnjvì G mKj cvkvK cwiavb Kib ev KiZ `b| A eq gqì Gic wXjwg LyeB
un
cKU|
Avgiv AvMB ejwQ, cvkvK ay kixi AveZB Ki bv, Dci Zv gbK cfvweZ Ki| gymwjg wk
ss
wKkviìK h_vme mvsw ZK ^vZ I Bmjvgx g~jevai ga Mo ZzjZ ne| Avgiv BZvc~e `LwQ h, eoì
Rb h cvkvK wbwl QvUìK Zv civbvI wbwl| G cvc QvovI QvUìK Agymwjgì cvkvK cwiq eo Kivi
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ga AbK wZ iqQ| Gwji AbZg, QvU _K wKkvi-wKkvixì gb G mKj cvkvK fvjem dj| Gi
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wecixZ Kvbv cvkvK Zviv cQ` KiZ cvi bv| A_P Cgvbi b~bZg `vwe h, gywgb `q G mKj Bmjvgx g~jeva
w
weivax cvkvK NYv Kie| Agymwjg Akxj msw Z, cvkvK I dvkbi cwZ NYv `q bv _vKvi A_ b~bZg Cgvb
nvwiq djv|
w
4. 4. mybv Zi AvjvK gwnjvì cvkvK

wZxq Aavq Avgiv `LwQ h, c~Yevb c~em i~ xì Ges weklZ ivm~jjy v n -Gi AbyKiY KiZ Drmvn w`qQb
mvnvexMY| Avgvì `k AwaKvsk avwgK gvbyl mvaviYZ, cyilì mybvZx cvkvK wbq AbK K_v ejjI, gqì
mybv Zx cvkvK wbq Zgb gv_v Nvgvb bv| Zvi ciI, ivm~jjy v n -Gi hyM I cieZx hyM gwnjv mvnvexMY ev ZvweqxMY
Kx cvkvK cwiavb KiZb Zv RvbZ Kviv gb AvMn _vKZ cvi| GRb GLvb msc welqwU AvjvPbv Kie|
gymwjg gwnjvi cvkvKK Avgiv Qq chvq fvM KiZ cvwi| (1) wbgvi cvkvK, (2) Eavi cvkvK, (3)
gv_vi cvkvK, (4) gyLi cvkvK (5) nvZ-cvqi gvRv Ges (6) wRjeve ev eviKv|
wewfb nv`xmi AvjvK Avgiv RvbZ cvwi h, gwnjv mvnvexMY wbgvi Rb Bhvi A_ev cvRvgv cwiavb
KiZb| Eavi Rb Zvì g~j cvkvK wQj wìq ev Rvgv| cyili wcinvbi bvq Mjv _K cvqi cvZv ch
j^v I j^v nvZvIqviv Kvgxm ev gvwK AviexZ wìq ejv nq| GQvov Zuviv wi`v ev PvìI eenvi KiZb| gv_vi
Rb Zuviv wLgvi ev eo Iobv eenvi KiZb| gyLi Rb Zuviv wbKve eenvi KiZb| ewnMgbi Rb wRjeve eenvi
Contents

KiZb| eviKvi cPjbI Zuvì ga wQj|
4. 4. 1. Bhvi
AMwYZ nv`xm Dyj gywgbxb I gwnjv mvnvexMYi Bhvi ev mjvBwenxb jyw cwiavbi K_v DjL Kiv nqQ|
mvaviYZ Kvgxm ev gvwi wbP wbgvi cwic~Y mZi I AveiYi Rb Zuviv Bhvi cwiavb KiZb| AbK mgq Bhvi Mvq ev
gv_vq Rwoq Zuviv AwZwi c`v ev AveiYi eev KiZb| GK nv`xm Avqkv (iv) ejb,

ivm~jyjv n h iv Avgvi wbKU Aevb Kijb, m iv wZwb Zuvi Mvqi Pvì Lyj ivLjb, cv`yKvq Lyj
Zuvi cvqi KvQ ivLjb Ges Zuvi cwiavbi Bhvii cv weQvbvq wewQq q cojb| hLbB wZwb fvejb h, Avwg
Nywgq cowQ, ZLbB wZwb DV Av Av Zuvi PvìwU wbjb, Av Av cv`yKv cwiavb Kijb, ìRv Lyj ewiq
om
Mjb Ges Zvici Av Ki ìRv jvwMq w`jb| ZLb Avwg Avgvi Rvgv (Kvgxm ev gvw) gv_v w`q cwiavb Kijvg,
Iobv cijvg Ges Avgvi Bhvi gv_vq w`q `n-gyL AveZ Kijvg, AZtci Zuvi wcQb ewiq cojvg...|
.c
Ab nv`xm gwnjv Zvweqx Dgiv ejb,

st
h tru
Avqkv (iv) Zuvi Bhvi Lyj Zv mvaviY cvkvKi Dci wRjeve ic eenvi Ki mviv kixi AveZ
KiZb|
4. 4. 2. cvRvgv
na
gwnjvì Rb cvRvgv ev mvivexj AZ DchvMx cvkvK| ivm~jjy v n -Gi hyM gwnjvì ga Gi eenvi
cPwjZ wQj| Avgiv `LwQ h, ni mgq gwnjvì cvRvgv cwiavbi AbygwZ c`vb Kiv nqQ| Ze cyil ev
un
gwnjvì cvRvgv cwiavb Drmvn vcK Kvbv mnxn nv`xm ewYZ nq wb| gwnjvì cvRvgv cwiavb Drmvn c`vb g~jK
GKwU A
y Z `yej ev evbvqvU nv`xm ewYZ nqQ|
ss
Avjx (iv) _K ewYZ nv`xmwUZ ejv nqQ:

.
.a
.
w
w
n Avjvn, Avgvi DZi h mKj gwnjv cvRvgv cwiavb Kib Avcwb ZvìK gv Kib| n gvbyliv,
Zvgiv cvRvgv eenvi Kie; KviY Zv mZi AveZ Kivi Rb Zvgvì eeZ mKj cvkvKi ga k cvkvK| Avi
w
Zvgvì gwnjvMY hLb evBi ei ne ZLb cvRvgv viv ZvìK myiwZ Kie|
nv`xmwUK gynvwmMY AZ `yej ej wPZ KiQb| AbK GK gvDh~ ev evbvqvU nv`xm ej MY
KiQb|
4. 4. 3. wìA, Kvgxm I wi`v
) ev Kvgxm| wewfb ivm~jjy v n ()-Gi hyM `n AveZ Kivi Rb gwnjvì g~j cvkvK wQj wìA (
nv`xm _K eySv hvq h, cyilMY hic jyw ev Bhvii mv_ wi`v ev Lvjv Pvì cwiavb KiZb gwnjviv micfve jywi
mv_ Pvì cwiavb KiZb bv| Zuviv mvaviYZ wbgvi Rb Bhvi ev jyw cwiavb KiZb| Avi jywi mv_ Kvgxm ev gvw
cwiavb KiZb| Kvgxm ev wìAv-i mv_ Zviv wi`v ev PvìI eenvi KiZb ej wewfb eYbv _K Rvbv hvq|
Avgiv `LwQ h, `ni AvKwZZ KU mjvB Ki evbvbv mKj RvgvKB Kvgxm ejv hvq| ivm~jjy v n -Gi
hyM gymwjg gwnjvì wìA ev Kvgxmi eYbv _K Avgiv RvbZ cvwi h, Gwj wQj cyilì wcinvbi gZ ev eZgvb
Contents

hyMi gvwi gZ| Gwji Szj _vKZ f~jwy Z, hvZ cvqi cvZv ch AveZ nZv| Gwji nvZv _vKZ nvZi AvOyj ch
|
cwm Zvweqx gyRvwn` ejb,

gwnjviv Zvì Rvgvi nvZvq AvOyji ga eenvii Rb evZvg jvMvZb, hv w`q Zviv Zvì AvswU AveZ
KiZb| eYbvwUi mb` mnxn|
Zvì Kvgxm ev gvw Ggbfve cvqi cvZv-mn Zvì c~Y kixi AveZ KiZ h, Gi mv_ cvRvgv, Bhvi ev
Ab Kvbv cvkvK bv ci ay Iobv eenvi KiB mvjvZ Av`vq me wQj| cieZxZ gwnjvì mvjvZi cvkvK
AvjvPbvq Avgiv Zv `Le, Bbkv Avjvn|
4. 4. 4. wLgvi ev gveiY
gymwjg bvixi AbZg cvkvK wLgvi A_vr gKveiY ev Iobv| Avgiv `LwQ h, KziAvb Kvixg gywgb bvixìK
Iobv cwiavb KiZ Ges Iobv viv Nvo, Mjv I e`k AveZ KiZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ|
ivm~jjy v n -Gi hyM gwnjviv gvUv Kvcoi eo AvKvii Iobv eenvi KiZb| Gwji AvKvi GZ eo wQj h,
Zv Pvì ev Bhvi wnme eenvi Kiv hZ| Avbvm Beby gvwjK (iv) ejb, Avgvi Avv AvgvK wbq ivm~jjy v n -Gi wbKU
om
Mgb Kib|

.c
ZLb wZwb Zvi wLgvi ev IobvwUi AaK AvgvK Bhvi wnme cwiavb Kivb Ges evwK AaK Pvì wnme Avgvi
st
Mvq `b|
tru
Ab nv`xm Avbvm Beby gvwjK (iv) Zuvi Avv Dy myjvBgi GKwU NUbv eYbv cm ejb,

h
na
ZLb Dy myjvBg `Z ewiq cob| wZwb Zvi Iobv gvwUZ gqjvi ga w`q UvbZ UvbZ hq ivm~jyjv n -Gi
mvvZ Kib|
un
G nv`xm _KI Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, Zuvì Iobvwj AbK ck wQj| gv_vi Dci w`q Iobv Rovbvi ci
mveavb bv nj Zvi Ab cv gvwUZ jyUvZ|
ss
Iobv cwiavbi cwZ mK ivm~jyjvn -Gi wb`kbv GKwU nv`xm ewYZ nqQ| Ave~ Avngì Lvw`g Iqvn&e
ejb, Dyj gywgbxb Dy mvjvgv (iv) ejb, wZwb Iobv cwiavb KiwQjb, GgZvevq ivm~jjy v n Zuvi wbKU AvMgb
.a
Kib| ZLb ivm~jjy v n ejb:

w
GK cuP, `yB cuP bq|

w
nv`xmwUi eYbvKvix Iqvn&e-Gi cwiPq I wbfihvMZvi welq wKQz gZf` iqQ| AbK gynvwm DjL KiQb
h, GLvb Zvi bvg Iqvn&e ej DjL Kiv njI, wZwb Zvi KzwbqvZ (Dcbvg) Ave~ mywdqvb viv cwm| Avi Beby Ave~
Avngì Lvw`g Ave~ mywdqvb cwm wbfihvM ivex| Kvbv Kvbv gynvwm DjL KiQb h, Iqvn&e I Ave~ mywdqvb wfb
ew| Iqvn&e AvZ cwiPq nIqvi KviY Zvi ewYZ nv`xm `yej | G Rb Kvbv Kvbv gynvwm nv`xmwUK `yej ej MY
KiQb| Beby wnevb Iqvn&eK wbfihvM ej DjL KiQb| GQvov nvwKg I hvnvex G nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn ej DjL
KiQb|
G nv`xmi evLvq gyny vwm I dKxnMY ejb, Gi A_, cyiliv hgb gv_vi cvMwo GKvwaK cuP w`q cwiavb Ki,
bvixiv mfve cvMwoi gZ Ki Iobv cie bv| eis gymwjg gwnjv gv_vi eo IobvwU Mjv I eyKi Dci w`q GKevi Roveb|
GZ GKw`K cyili gKveiY cwiavb I bvixi gKveiY cwiavbi cwZi ga ^vZ eRvq _vKe| Aciw`K GKvwaK cuP
Contents

w`j Iobv AvuUmuvU nZ cvi I `ni AvKwZ cKvki myhvM _vK| GK cuP w`q cwiavb Kij Zv nq bv|
4. 4. 5. wbKve ev gyLveiY
gyL AveZ Kivi Rb weklfve Zwi KvcoK wbKve ejv nq| Avgiv BZvc~e wewfb nv`xm `LwQ h, ivm~jjy v n
-Gi hyM gwnjviv wbKve ev gyLveiY cwiavb KiZb| GQvov AbK mgq Zuviv Pvì, wRjeve ev Iobv w`qI mvgwqKfve
gyL AveZ KiZb| ni mgq wbKve eenvi Ki gyL AveZ KiZ wbla Kiv njI Zuviv Pvì ev Iobv w`q gyL Avovj
KiZb ej Avgiv `LZ cqwQ| wbKveK gv_vi AveiYi mv_ GK mjvB Ki evbvbv nj ZvK eviKv ejv nq|
wbKvei wekl KvwUs, AvKwZ ev aib mK wbavwiZ Kvbv eYbv Avwg `LZ cvB wb| h Kvbv iOi ev
AvKvii Kvco w`q gyLi AveiY Zwi KijB Zv wbKve ej MY ne| gwnjvì cvkvKi Abvb mvaviY ewk
wbKveI _vKZ ne| hgb Zv cvZjv ev AvuUmuvU bv nIqv, AwZ AvKlYxq bv nIqv BZvw`|
4. 4. 6. nvZgvRv I cv-gvRv
) Dcii wewfb AvjvPbv _K Avgiv RvbZ ciwQ h, ivm~jyjv n -Gi hyM gwnjvì ga nvZgvRv (
cwiavbi evcK cPjb wQj| Dci GKwU nv`xm Avgiv `LwQ h, ni mgq weklfve gwnjvìK nvZgvRv cwiavb
KiZ wbla Kiv nqQ| G _K Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, wbKve I nvZgvRv m hyMi gwnjvì mvaviY cvkvK wQj|
nvZgvRv QvovI Kvgxm ev gvwi j^v nvZv, Mvqi Pvì BZvw` w`q Zviv nvZ Ges wekl Ki nvZi AvswU ev Abyic Ajvi
om
`~ivZxq ev AbvZxq cyilì _K AveZ KiZb|
) A_vr Pvgovi gvRv Ges (2) Avj-RvIive ZrKvjxb hyM cvqi gvRv wQj `yB cKvi: (1) Avj-Lyd&d (
) A_vr Kvco, Dj BZvw` w`q cZ gvRv| gwnjvì ga cvq Lydd & ev Pvgovi gvRv cwiavbi welqwU evcK (
.c
wQj ej wewfb eYbv _K Rvbv hvq| mvnvexMY gwnjvì ewnMgbi Rb gvRv cwiavb KiZ Drmvn w`Zb ej Rvbv
st
hvq| GKwU nv`xm Avyjv n Beby gvmE` (iv) ejb,

tru

h
na
gmwR`yj nvivg I gmwR` beex Qvov Ab mvjvZ Av`vqi gwnjvi Rb wbR Mni Afii Pq Dg
Kvbv vb Avi bB, Ze hw` Kvbv gwnjv Zvi Pvgovi gvRvq cwiavb Ki ei nq Ze Zv wfb K_v| eYbvwUi mb`
un
mnxn|
4. 4. 7. wRjeve I eviKv
ss
BZvc~e Avgiv wRjeve mK wevwiZ AvjvPbv KiwQ| Avgiv `LwQ h, Avc`gK cyiv `n AveZ Kivi
.a
gZ eo Pvì (cloak)-K wRjeve ejv nq| KziAvb Kvixg gymwjg bvixìK ewnMgbi Rb ev Mni ga AbvZxq ev
`~ivZxqi mvgb wRjeve cwiavb KiZ Ges Zv bvwgq fvjfve wbRK AveZ KiZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ| ivm~jjy v n -
w
Gi hyM I cieZx hyM gymwjg bvixMY GfveB me`v wRjeve cwiavb KiZb|
) A_ gv_v I gyL )cPjbI m hyM wQj| eyiKv ( gv_v I gyL GK AveZ Kivi Rb eviKvi (eyiKv=
w
AveZ Kivi Rb wekl fve Zwi cvkvK| Avgvì `k mvaviYZ `n I gv_v AveZ Kivi Rb weklfve Zwi `yB ev
w
wZb c KvcoK GK eviKv ejv nq| eis mvaviYfve Mjv _K cv ch AveZ Kivi eo MvDb ev gvwKB
eviKv ejv nq| wK cKZ A_ gv_v I gyL AveZ Kivi Rb weklfve Zwi wbKve ev gyLveiYmn Dcii AskKB
eyiKv ejv nq| wbPi AskwU Kvgxm ev wìA ej MY|
) cwiavb ivm~jjy v n -Gi hyM I cieZx mKj hyM gymwjg gwnjviv gv_v I gyL AveZ Kivi Rb eyiKv (
KiZb| wewfb nv`xm _K Avgiv RvbZ cvwi h, ivm~jjy vn -Gi hyMi gwnjvì ga eviKvi cPjb wQj| jYxq h,
gvid nv`xm ev ivm~jjy v n -Gi evYxi Pq mvnvex-ZvweqxMYi ee I evYxZ Avgiv eyiKv ki DjL ewk `LZ cvB|
G_K cZxqgvb nq h, mvnvex Zvweqxì hyM eviKv eenvii evcKZv ew cvq| evnZ Gi KviY, wRjevei Pq
eviKvi eenvi I eviKv cwiwnZ Aevq KvR Kg Kiv AwaKZi mnR|
Contents

4. 5. ewnMgb I mswgkYi kvjxbZv
Avgiv ejwQ h, Bmjvgx wnRve eevi wewfb w`K iqQ hv GK Acii m~iK Ges mewKQyi mg^q GKwU
c~Yv kvjxbZvc~Y, cwe I myiwPkxj mgvR cwZwZ nq| wnRve eevi GKwU AbZg w`K ewnMgb I mswgkYi kvjxbZv|
G wbgi welqwj jYxq:
4. 5. 1. myMw eenvi wbwl
gymwjg gwnjv Mni ga myMw eenvi Kieb| cwivi cwiQbZv, mvRMvR I myMw Bmjvgx Rxeb-ixwZi AweQ`
Ask| Bmjvg wb`k `q h, bvix-cyil Dfq evwoZ Zvì `vZ mv_xi Rb mevg mvRMvR I myMw eenvi Ki
_vKeb| Gic mvRMvR I myMw eenvi Bmjvgi `wZ Bev`Z ej MY| AvRxebi mx A_ev memgq `LQ ej
cwievii m`mì mvgb GKevi AMvQvjv _vKv Bmjvgx wkvi weivax| Ze evBi ei nIqvi mgq gwnjviv Zvì `n
ev cvkvK Qwoq covi gZ myMw eenvi Kieb bv|
cvvZ Rxeb-ixwZ viv cfvweZ nq G welq AwaKvsk gymwjg gwnjv Dv ixwZ AbymiY Kib| Zviv evwoi
ga GKeviB AMvQvj _vKb, wK evBi ei nIqvi mgq weklfve mvRMvR Kib I myMw eenvi Kib| G
welq Rvcvbx gymwjgv LvIjv wbKxZv ejb, "Some Japanese wives make up only when they go out,
never minding at home how they look. But in Islam a wife tries to be beautiful especially for
her husband and a husband also tries to have a nice look to please his wife".
om
gymwjg gwnjvì Rb cvkvK ev kixi myMw gL evBi ei nZ ivm~jjy v n weklfve wbla KiQb|
Ave~ g~mv AvkAvix (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb:
.c

st
tru
hw` Kvbv gwnjv myMw gL gvbyli ga cek Ki, hb gvbyliv Zvi myM Abyf e Ki, Ze mB gwnjv
ewfPvwiYx| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|
h
G nv`xm ivm~jjy v n mKj gvbyli ga myMw gL Mgb KiZ wbla KiQb| gwnjvi Rb evRvi, weevn
na
Abyvb, gmwR`, Iqvh-gvnwdj, Kgj ev h Kvbv vb `n A_ev cvkvK myMw eenvi Ki Mgb Kiv G nv`xmi
un
AvjvK wbwl I KwVb nvivg|

gymwjg gwnjvi ewnMgbi GKwU wekl KviY I vb mvjvZ Av`vqi Rb gmwR` Mgb Kiv| GRb wewfb
ss
nv`xm gmwRì Mgbi mgq myMw eenvi _K wekl Ki mZK Kiv nqQ|
Ave~ ivBiv (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb,
.a
hw` Kvbv bvix myMw A_ev (AvMii) aybv ev ayc (incense) eenvi Ki Ze hb m Avgvì mv_
w
mvjvZzj Bkvq DcwZ bv nq|

w
ivZi AKvi Gic myMw gL ewnMgb AwaK AvcwRbK ejB meZ GLvb mvjvZzj Bkvi K_v weklfve
DjL Kiv nqQ| Gi A_ G bq h, Abvb mvjvZ myMw gL DcwZ nIqv ea| eis G wb`k mKj mvjvZi Rb
Ges mKj mgq ewnMgbi Rb| Dcii nv`xm _K Avgiv Zv RvbZ ciwQ| Ab nv`xm hvBbve mvKvwdqvn (iv)
ejb, ivm~jyjv n AvgvìK ejQb,

hLb Zvgvì gaKvi Kvbv gwnjv gmwR` DcwZ nq ZLb m hb myMw k bv Ki|
Zvweqx g~mv Beby Bqvmvi ejb, GK gwnjv Ave~ ivBiv (iv)-Gi wbKU w`q Mgb Kib| Zvi `n _K myMw
Rvivjvfve ewiq AvmwQj| ZLb wZwb ejb, n Avjvni evw`, Zzwg wK gmwR` hvQ? gwnjv ejb, nuv| ZLb Ave~
ivBiv ejb, Zzwg wK gmwR` Mgbi Rb myMw gLQ? gwnjv ejb, nuv| Ave~ ivBiv ejb, Zvnj Zzwg wdi hq
Contents

Mvmj Ki, KviY Avwg ivm~jyjv n -K ejZ bwQ,

hw` Kvbv bvix gmwR` Mgb Kivi mgq Zvi myMw cmvwiZ nq Ze Avjvn Zvi mvjvZ Keyj Kieb bv,
hZY bv m Zvi evwoZ wdi hq Mvmj Ki| nv`xmwUi mb` wbfihvM|
Dcii nv`xmwj _K Avgiv wbwZic eySZ cvwi h, gmwR`, evRvi, we`vjq, gvnwdj, Kgj ev Ab
h Kvbv vb AbvZxq ev `~ivZxq cyilì ga Mgbi mgq `n ev cvkvK myMw eenvi Kiv gymwjg bvixi Rb
KwVbfve wbwl I nvivg|
4. 5. 2. gY I mswgkY
Bmjvg wnRve A_ ay Nii evBi hZ nj gqì XK ivLvB bq| Dci wnRvei A_ Aeq I KjylZv
cmvi KiZ cvi Ggb mKj Kg I AvPiY _K weiZ _vKv| GRb Nii gaI gvnivg ev wbKUZg Avxq Qvov Ab
mevi _K c`v KiZ ne| wbKUZg Avxq Qvov Ab Kviv mv_ GK Aevb ev Pjvdiv Kiv hve bv| ivm~jjy v n
ejQb:
om
.c
st
gvnivg wbKUvxqi DcwwZ Qvov Kvbv cyil Kvbv bvixi mv_ GKv ev GKv _vKe bv, Zgwbfve gvnivg
wbKUvxqi m Qvov Kvbv gq GKv mdi Kie bv|
tru Ab nv`xm wZwb ejb,

h
na
hLbB Kvbv cyil bvixi mv_ GKvKx nq ZLbB ZZxqRb wnme kqZvb Zvì mx nq| nv`xmwUi mb`
mnxn|
un
DKev Beby Avwgi (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejb,

:

ss

.a
Zvgiv (evwoi ga) gqì KvQ Mgb AekB cwinvi Kie| Avbmviì ga _K GKew ck Kij: n
w
Avjvni ivm~j, èi-fvmyi ev kievoxi cyilì Rb fvexi mv_ `LvmvvZi welq Avcbvi gZvgZ wK? wZwb Di
w
ejb, èi-fvmyi BZvw` kievwoi cyil AvZxqMY gZy mgZzj (A_vr gZyK hfve Gwoq PjZ PvI wVK mfve
GìK Gwoq Pje| Gì mv_ c`vi evBi `Lvmvvr ev K_vevZv gZyi gZB fqi|) nv`xmwU mnxn|
w
GmKj nv`xmi AvjvK ^vgxi Avxq ev ez, fwMcwZ ev Zvi Avxq ^Rb, PvPvZv fvB, LvjvZv fvB, dzdvZv
fvB, ev G aibi `yieZx Avxqì _K c~Y c`v Kiv, Zvì mv_ GK Aevb ev Pjv div bv Kivi iZ I
cqvRbxqZv Avgiv eySZ cviwQ| c`vi GmKj w`K Aenjv hgb AvwLivZ fqvbK kvwi KviY, Zgwb cvw_e Rxeb
Aeq, AebwZ I KjylZv cmvii AbZg KviY| Avjvn I Zuvi ivm~ji () mKj wb`k c~Yf ve cvjbi gaB
iqQ gymjgvbì ciKvjxb gyw I cvw_e Rxebi mdjZv|
mvwbZ cvVK-cvwVKv,
Abyavebi Afve A_ev Bmjvg weivax cPviYvi dj Avgvì AbKi KvQ nqZ gb ne, wnRve cvjb Kij
gqì K nq ev Zv GKwU evowZ evSv, A_ev wnRve nqZ AvaywbK mfZv ev mf gvbwmKZvi mv_ Lvc Lvq bv| A_P
AvgwiKvq, BDivc, AvwdKvq I Gwkqvi wewfb Agymwjg `ki AmsL gwnjv cwZ ermi Bmjvg MnY KiQb Ges
Contents

^PQvq cvvZi Z_vKw_Z ^vaxbZv I ^PQvPvwiZv Qo Bmjvgi wnRve eev MnY KiQb| mKj cwimsLvbB
Avgiv `LZ cvB h, Agymwjg `kwjZ cyilì Pq gwnjvì ga Bmjvg MnYi nvi ewk| wnRve ev c`v hw`
evSv nq A_ev Avayw bK mfZvi cwicx nq, Ze Kb Zuviv ^PQvq Zv MnY KiQb?
G welq Rvcvbx gymwjgv LvIjv wbKxZv wjLQb:
"Muslim woman covers herself for her own dignity. She refuses to be possessed by the
eyes of a stranger and to be his object. She feels pity for western women who display their private
parts as objects for male strangers. If one observes hijab from outside, one will never see what is
hidden in it. Observing the hijab from the outside and living it from inside are two completely
different things. We see different things. This gap explains the gap of understanding Islam.
From the outside, Islam looks like a 'prison' without any liberty. But living inside of it, we
feel a peace and freedom and joy that we've never known before. ...
We chose Islam against the so-called freedom and pleasure. If it is true that Islam is a
religion that oppress the women, why are there so many young women in Europe, America, and
in Japan who abandon their liberty and independence to embrace Islam? I want people to reflect
on it.
om
A person blinded because of his prejudice may not see it, but a woman with the hijab is so
brightly beautiful as an angel or a saint with self-confidence, calmness and dignity. Not a slight
touch of shade nor trace of oppression is on her face. 'They are blind and cannot see' says the
.c
Qur'an about those who deny the sign of Allah, but by what else can we explain this gap on the
understanding of Islam between us and those people."
st
4. 6. bvixi c`v ebvg cyili `vwqZ
tru
bvix I cyili mg^q gvbe mgvR| Bmjvg DfqKB hgb cwe I AkxjZvgy Rxeb hvcb KiZ wb`k
h
w`qQ, Zgvwb mKjKB wb`k w`qQ cii KjvY I cweZvi c_ mnhvwMZv, Drmvn I wb`kbv c`vb KiZ|
na
cKw ZMYfve bvix cyili Zzjbvq `wnK I gvbwmK w`K _K wKQzUv `yej Ges cvwievwiK I mvgvwRKfve AwaKvsk
cyilMYB bvixì cfvweZ I cwiPvwjZ Ki _vKb| mKj mgvRB cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK fve cyiliv gqì
un
gbgvbwmKZv I PvjPjb cfvweZ ev wbqwZ Ki| GRb bvixi cwZ cyili `vwqZ Acwimxg|
bvixi AwaKvi iv I gZvqbi hgb cyili `vwqZ AbK, Zgwb bvix mgvRi kvjxbZv iv I
ss
cweZvi cmvii I cyili `vwqZ mxgvnxb| cKZ c bvixmgvR mvgwKfve cyil mgvRi Rb KwVbZg
cixv| ivm~jjy v n ejQb:
.a
cyili Rb bvixi Pq wZKi I KKi Kvbv cixv Avwg iL hvwQ bv|

w
cKw ZMZfve cyili gb Pvq Ab bvixK Dby Ki Zvi m`h DcfvM KiZ| whwb wbRi gbi Kvgbv I cew
w
viv cfvweZ nq bvixi gZvqb ev bvixi ^vaxbZvi bvg bvixK AbveZ nZ Drmvn w`jb, Aeva gjvgkvi gvag gvbwmK
AwiZv, cvwievwiK Akvw I AkxjZv cmvii c_ bvixìK avweZ Kijb wZwb G cixvq civwRZ njb| Acic
mvgvwRK cweZv I gvbe RvwZi vqx KjvYi Rb whwb wbRi Kvgbv-evmbvK `yi Vj w`q bvixi AwaKvi iv I bvixi
Dci AZvPvi ivai cvkvcvwk bvixRvwZK kvjxbZv I cweZvi c_ DrmvwnZ KiZ cvijb wZwbB G cixvq DxY
njb|
mKj Abvq, AbvPvi, kixqZ weivwaZv ev AkxjZvi B gywgbi `vwqZ mvagZ mskvabi Pv Kiv A_ev
AZ Zv NYv Kiv, mskvabi Rb `vqv Kiv I BQv cvlY Kiv| ivmyjyjvn () ejQb,

.

Zvgvì KD hw` Kvbv Abvq `LZ cvq Ze m Zv Zvi evej w`q cwieZb Kie| hw` ZvZ mg bv
Contents

nq Ze m Zvi eei gvag Zv cweeZb Kie| GZI hw` mg bv nq Ze m hb Zvi Ai w`q Zvi cwieZb
(Kvgbv) Ki, Avi GUvB Cgvbi `yej Zg chvq|
weklfve cwievi, AvZxq-^Rb I wbRi Aaxb gvbylì cwZ Avgvì `vwqZ mePq ewk| wbRi Rb mZi
AveZ Kiv hgb dih, Zgwbfve wbRi x I mvbì mZi AveZ KivI evwoi KZvi Dci dih| Kviv cy hw` bvwf
_K nuvUz ch vbi Kvbv Ask AbveZ Kib ev Gfve evBi hvb Ze cyi bvq wcZvI cvcx neb| Abyicfve Kviv
x ev Kbv hw` Pzj, gv_v, Nvo, Mjv, KbyB, evRy ev Ab Kvbv AveZe A AbveZ Ki evBh hvb ev Nii ga AbvZxq
ev `~ivZxq cyili mvgb hvb Ze x-Kbvi mv_ ^vgx ev wcZvI mgvbfve dih `vwqZ cvjb Aenjvi cvc cvcx neb|
Avjvn ejb,

n gywgbMY, Zvgiv wbRìK Ges Zvgvì cwievi-cwiRbK iv Ki AwM nZ, hvi Bb ne gvbyl I c
om
i, hvZ wbqvwRZ AvQ wbgg`q KVvi^fve wdwikZvMY, hviv Agvb Ki bv Avjvn hv Zvì Av`k Kib Ges Zviv
hv KiZ Avw` nq ZvB Ki|
ivm~jjy v n ejQb,
.c
...

st

tru

h
na
mveavb! Zvgiv mKjB AwffveKZi `vwqZ cv Ges cZKKB Zvi `vwqZvaxbì mK wRvmv Kiv
ne| ... evwoi KZvew Zvi cwievii m`mì `vwqZcv AwffveK Ges ZvK Zvì welq wRvmv Kiv ne| x
Zvi ^vgxi evwo I Zvi mvbì `vwqZ cvv Ges ZvK Zvì welq wRvmv Kiv ne|
un
cwievii m`mìK AkxjZvgy cwe Rxeb-hvcbi c_ cwiPvwjZ Kivi G `vwqZ AenjvKvix cyilK
ss
nv`xmi cwifvlvq `vBEm ejv nq| `vBEm A_ h wbRi cwievii m`mì AkxjZv gb bq| Avgiv BZvc~e
DwjwLZ GKwU nv`xm `LwQ h, ivm~jjy v n ejQb, wZb ew RvbvZ cek Kie bv Ges wKqvgZi w`b Avjvn
.a
Zvì cwZ `KcvZ Kieb bv: (1) h Zvi wcZvgvZvi Aeva, (2) cyili AbyKiYKvix cyilvwj gwnjv Ges (3) `vBEm|
w
4. 7. gwnjvì mvjvZi cvkvK

w
BZvc~e DjL KiwQ h, gwnjvì Rb mvjvZi ga cyiv kixi AveZ Kiv dih| ay gyLgj I Kw ch
`yB nvZ Lvjv _vKe| gv_v, gv_vi Pzj, Szj cov Pzj, `yB Kvb, Mjv, wPeyKi wbgvskmn cyiv kixi AveZ KiZ ne|
w
cg wnRix kZKi cwm gynvwm I gvwjKx dKxn Beby Avyj evi&i BDm~d Beby Avyjvn (463 wn) ejb:
gwnjvi h Kvbv cvkvK hw` Zvi cvqi cvZv AveZ Ki Ges Zvi cyiv `n I Pzjwj AveZ Ki Ze mB
cvkvK Zvi mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv Rvqh| KviY AwaKvsk Avwjg-dKxni gZ bvixi `ni gyLgj I KiZjq ev` meB
AvDivZ ev AveZe v| Avi mvjvZ I Bnivgi evcvi Zuviv BRgv ev HKgZ cvlY KiQb h, G `yB Aevq
gwnjv Zvi gyLgj AbveZ ivLe|
Avgiv `LwQ h, ivm~jjy v n -Gi hyM mvaviYZ gqiv gv_v AveZ Kivi Rb Iobv, kixii DcwifvMmn
wbvsk AveZ Kivi Rb Kvgxm ev gvw Ges wbvski Rb Bhvi ev jyw cwiavb KiZb| mvjvZI Zuviv GBic cvkvK
eenvi KiZb|
Avqkv (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy vn () ejQb:
Contents

Iobv Qvov Kvbv cveqv (evjMv) gqi mvjvZ Keyj ne bv| nv`xmwUi mb` nvmvb ev MnYhvM|
Iobv viv gv_v, Pzj, Kuva I wcVi Dci Szj _vKv Pzj, `yB Kvb, Kuva I Mjv cwic~Y AveZ KiZ ne| G A_
Avqkv (iv) ejb:

Iobv Zv ZvKB ejv ne hv Pzj I Pvgov XK ivLe| eYbvwUi mb` MnYhvM|
Dyj gywgbxbMY I gwnjv mvnvexMY mvaviYZ Dci DwjwLZ wZbwU Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb| jvBjv webZz
mvC` ejb:

wZwb `Lb h, Dyj gywgbxb Avqkv (iv) Zvi evwoi ga mvjvZ Av`vq KiQb| wZwb GKwU Bhvi ev
om
mjvBwenxb jyw cwiavb KiwQjb| Avi Zvi `n wQj GKwU Rvgv ev gvw I GKwU gvUv Iobv| Zvi Mvq Ab wKQz
wQj bv| eYbvwUi mb` gvUvgywU MnYhvM|
Ab nv`xm gwnjv Zvweqx Dgiv ejb, Avqkv (iv) ejQb,
.c

st
tru
bvixi Rb AekB wZbwU cvkvK mvjvZ Av`vq KiZ ne: Rvgv (gvw ev Kvgxm), wRjeve I Iobv| Avi
h
Avqkv (iv) Zuvi Bhvi Lyj Zv mvaviY cvkvKi Dci wRjeve ic eenvi Ki mviv kixi AveZ KiZb|
na
Dgvi Bebyj Lvve (iv) ejb:

:
un
gwnjv wZbwU Kvco cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kieb: gvw ev Rvgv, Iobv I Bhvi ev jyw| nv`xmwUi mb`
ss
MnYhvM ej cZxqgvb nq|

G g~j welq c~Y `n AveZ Kiv| hw` `ywU KvcoI c~Y `n AveZ Kiv hvq Ze ZvZ mvjvZ Av`vq ea
.a
ne| Dyj gywgbxb Dy mvjvgvn (iv) ejb:

w
Avwg ivm~jjy v n -K wRvmv Kijvg: GKRb gwnjv wK Bhvi cwiavb Qvov ay Iobv I Rvgv (gvw ev Kvgxm)
cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq KiZ cvi? wZwb Di ejb: Rvgv hw` Ggb eo nq h cvqi cvZv ch AveZ Ki ivL
Zvnj| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|
A_vr hw` Rvgv ev gvw Gic eo nq Ze Zvi wbP Bhvi, jyw, mjvqvi ev Ab Kvbv cvkvK bv cijI mvjvZ
Av`vq ne|
Zvweqx gvKn~j ejb, Avwg Avqkv (iv)-K ck Kijvg, GKRb gwnjv KqwU Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq Kie? wZwb
Contents
ejjb, Zzwg Avjxi (iv) wbKU hq ZuvK ck Ki Ges Avgvi wbKU wdi Gm| ZLb Avwg AvjxK (iv) ck Kijvg| wZwb
ejjb,

GKwU c~iv `n AveZKvix Rvgv (gvw) I GKwU Iobvq m mvjvZ Av`vq Kie| gvKn~j wdi Gm AvqkvK
(iv) G K_v Rvbvb| Avqkv (iv) ejb, wZwb wVKB ejQb|
Dyj gywgbxb Dy mvjvgv (iv), Beby Avevm (iv) I Abvb mvnvex Ges AbK Zvweqx _K Abyic gZ ewYZ
nqQ|
wewfb nv`xm _K Avgiv `LZ cvB h, Dyj gywgbxbMY, gwnjv mvnvex I gwnjv ZvweqxMY AbK mgq Gfve
`ywU Kvco w`q gv_v I Pzj mn cyiv kixi AveZ Ki mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb| DgvBgvn webZz iKvBKv ejb:

Dyj gyw gbxb Dy nvexev (iv) GKwU Rvgv (gvw) I GKwU Bhvi (Lvjv jyw) cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq
om
Kib| wZwb Bhvi ev Lvjv jywwU w`q Ggbfve gv_v AveZ Kib h BhviwUi cv gvwU k KiwQj| wZwb BhviwUK
jywi gZ cib wb Ges Zvi Mvq Kvbv IobvI wQj bv| eYbvwUi mb` MnYhvM ej cZxqgvb nq|
DevB`yjvn Bebyj AvmIqv` Avj-LvIjvbx QvU eqm Dyj gywgbxb gvBg~bvi Mn jvwjZ cvwjZ nb| wZwb ejb:
.c

st
gvBg~bv (iv) Rvgv I Iobv cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb| Zvi ciY Kvbv Bhvi ev jyw _vKZ bv| nv`xmwUi
tru mb` mnxn|
Gfve `ywU Kvco gv_vi Pzj _K cvqi cvZv ch mev AveZ Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Kij Zv ea njI, me nj A
h
Z wZbwU Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq KiZ Drmvn w`qQb mvnvex-ZvweqxMY| cwm Zvweqx gynvv` Beby wmixb (110 wn) ejb,
na

un
gwnjvi Rb gymZ
& vnve h, m wZbwU Kvco: GKwU Rvgv, GKwU Iobv I GKwU Bhvi cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq
Kie|
ss
G welq Avyjv n Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb,

.a
Kvbv bvix hLb mvjvZ Av`vq Ki, ZLb Zvi DwPZ Zvi mewj Kvco cwiavb KiB mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv: Rvgv, Iobv
I Rovbv Pvì|
w
Dci Zuviv bvixìK Drmvn w`qQb, 4wU Kvco mvjvZ Av`vq KiZ| Bhvi (jyw), Rvgv (gvw) I Iobvi Dci
w
wRjeve cwiavb Ki mvjvZ Av`vq Zviv Drmvn w`qQb| KviY GZ mZi AveZ nIqvi welq wbwZ nIqv hvq Ges mvjvZi
Rb IVvemv KiZ AveZe Kvbv A AbveZ nIqvi fq _vK bv|
Avgiv BZvc~e `LwQ h, Avqkv (iv) wbRi BhviKB wRjeve wnme eenvi KiZb| cwm Zvweqx gyRvwn` Beby
Rve&i (104wn) ejb,

mveavb! Kvbv gwnjv 4wU Kvcoi Kg mvjvZ Av`vq Kie bv|
Contents
cwm Zvweqx dKxn AvZv Beby Avex ivevn (114 wn) ejb,

gwnjv mvjvZ Av`vq Kie Zvi Rvgv, Iobv Ges Bhvi cwiavb Ki| Gi Dci wRjeve cwiavb Kiv Avgvi wbKU
AwaKZi cQ`bxq|
4. 8. gwnjvì cPwjZ cvkvKvw`
Avgiv BZvc~e `LwQ h, cvkvKi welq mec_g weeP mZi AveZ Kiv| gwnjvì mZi welq Avgiv
`LwQ h, Zvì mZi 4 chvqi| Ze cvkvKi welq g~jZ `ywU chvq j ivLv nq: Mnvfi gvnivg AvZxqì
ga cwiavb Kiv I 2. Mn ev evBi Abvb AvZxq ev AbvZxqì ga cwiavb Kiv|
c_g chvq mvaviYfve Kuva I evRy mn kixii Eavsk _K cv ev cvqi bjvi wbg mxgv ch kixi AveZ
ivLv nq| wZxq chvqi cvkvK gv_v I gv_vi Pzjmn cyiv kixi AveZ Kiv nq| wbg DjwLZ h Kvbv cvkvK
eenvii c_g I AbZg kZ h, Zv mZi AveZ Kie, AvuUmuvU ne bv ev cvZjv ne bv| GK cvkvKi j hw`
`ywU ev wZbwU cvkvK dih mZi AveZ Ki ZvnjI Amyweav bB| hgb kvoxi mv_ evDR I cwUKvUi mg^q mZi
om
AveZ Kiv ev gvwi mv_ cwUKvU I Iobvi mg^q mZi AveZ Kiv|
gwnjvì cvkvKi Ab welq iO| h Kvbv iO gwnjvì Rb ea| cyilì hgb jvj, njy`
.c
BZvw` iOi wKQz Avcw iqQ, gwnjvì Zv bB|
4. 8. 1. kvox
st
evsjv`ki gwnjvì cavb cvkvK kvox| kvox g~jZ fviZxq cvkvK| fviZi AbK GjvKvi gymwjgMY
tru
kvoxK wn`y cvkvK ej MY Kib| ga I cwgfviZ gymwjg gwnjvMY kvox cwinvi Kib Ges Kvbv gymwjg gwnjv
Zv cwiavb Kij ZvK wn`y'ì AbyKiYi KviY wb`v Kib| Ze evsjv`k gymwjg mgvR kvox agwbic cvkvK
h
wnmve MY| gymwjg-Agymwjg mKj gwnjv kvox cwiavb Kib|
na
Avgiv BZvc~e GKvwaKevi `LwQ h, AbyKiYi welq nv`xm h Kg ev cvkvK fve DjL Kiv nqQ Zv
AcwieZbxq| nv`xm h cvkvK ev Kg wbla Kiv nqQ Zv me`v wbwl _vKe, cieZxZ hwÌ AgymwjgMY mB cvkvK
un
ev Kg eRb Kib ev mgvR AgymwjgMY emevm bv Kib| Abvb AbyKiYi welqwU AvcwK| GKviY Avgiv gb
Kwi h, fviZi Kvbv Kvbv Aj kvox wn`y cvkvK ej MY njI evsjv`ki mgvR kvox wn`yì wekl cvkvK bq
ss
Ges gymwjg gwnjviv G cvkvK cwiavb Kij Agymwjgì AbyKiYi Aciva cwZZ neb bv|
.a
Ze kvox Abvb w`K _K AvcwKi ev AmyweavRbK| kvoxZ mZi AveZ Kiv LyeB KKi| gvnivg
AvZxqì ga I Abvb AvZxq ev AbvZxqì ga Kv_vI kvox eenvi DchvMx bq| kvoxi cwiavb cwZi KviY
w
wekl mZK bv nj wcV, cU BZvw` AbveZ nq hvq| kvox ci NvgUv w`jI wPeyKi wbPi Ask, Mjv BZvw` AveZ
w
Kiv ev AveZ ivLv KwVb|

w
G mvaviY eenvii K_v| KgiZ Aevq kvox ci mZi AveZ ivLv ejZ Mj GKeviB Ame| Kgnxb
Aevq nqZ kvoxi cv nvZ w`q AvUK I wQq iL Kvbv iKg dih cvjb Kiv hvq| wK Mnvfi ev evBi
KgiZ Aevq Zv me bq| GRb gymwjg gwnjvì Rb kvox eenvi bv KivB DwPZ|
mevcwi kvwo ci mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv cvq Ame| Avgiv Rvwb h, ay gyLgj I Kw ch nq Qvov kixii
Ab Kvbv Ask mvjvZ-iZ Aevq AbveZ nj mvjvZ f I evwZj nq hvq| Avi mvjvZi ga DVvemv I iKz-mvR`v
Kivi mgq kvwo mi Kcvji wKQz Pzj, Kvb, Mjv, nvZ BZvw` Dby nq covi mvebv LyeB ewk| kvwoi mv_ Kw ch
nvZv I j^v Szji evDR I AwZwi eo Iobv ev Pvì cwiavb Kij nqZ KvbviKg mvjvZ Av`vq nZ cvi|
`kxq cPjb I Afvmi dj KD kvox cwiavb Kij Aek mZi AveZ Kivi w`K j ivLZ ne| G
evDR, cwUKvU BZvwì wekl f~wgKv iqQ|
4. 8. 2. ev DR
evsjv`k cPwjZ evDR kvoxi mv_ civi m~iK cvkvK| gymwjg bvixK evwoZ gvnivgì ga kvwo ciZ
nj Zvi evDR AekB QvU Mjv I Kvgi ch Szj wewk nZ ne| nvZv AZ KbyB ch nZ ne| Zv bv nj
Contents

gvnivgì mvgbI mZi AbveZ nq hve Ges dih cvwjZ ne bv|
4. 8. 3. cwUKvU ev mvqv
mvqv ev cwUKvU g~jZ cyilì jywi bvq| Avgiv `LwQ h, ivm~jjy v n -Gi hyM gwnjvivI Bhvi ev
mjvB-wenxb jyw cwiavb KiZb| Zvi Dci Zviv Kvgxm BZvw` cwiavb KiZb| BhviiB cwiewZi ic jyw| mvqvI
cvq mBic|
Avgvì `kxq cPjb mvqv kvoxi mv_ eeZ m~iK cvkvK| Avgiv AvMB ejwQ h, kvox ci dih mZi
AveZ Kiv LyeB KKi| Avi mvqv Qvov Zv GKeviB Ame| GRb mvqvi AvKwZ I cwiavb cwZi dih mZi
AveZ Kivi welqwU weklfve j ivLZ ne|
kvwo QvovI gvw BZvwì mv_ cwUKvU civ nq| mI mZi AveZ Kiv, cvZjv bv nIqv BZvw` welq
j ivLZ ne|
4. 8. 4. gvw
Avgiv `LwQ h, ivm~jjy vn mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvgi hyM gwnjviv h Kvgxm cwiavb KiZb Zv g~jZ
cyilì wcinvb ev eZgvbi cPwjZ gvwi bvq| GRb gvw gymwjg gwnjvì Rb mybv Z mZ DchvMx cvkvK|
Ni, gvnivgì ga ev MvBi gvnivgì ga Aevb I KgiZ Aevq dih mZi AveZ Kivi RbI Zv ewk
om
DchvMx| h Kvbv iOi I wWRvBbi gvw cwiavb Kiv hZ cvi| Ze Zv AekB Zv cvZjv ev AvuUmvU ne bv|
Mjv, nvZv I Szj hb dih mZi AveZ Ki Zv j ivLZ ne| gvwi mv_ cwUKvU I Iobvi mg^q cqvRbxq
mZi AveZ KiZ ne|
.c
Avgiv Rvwb h, gwnjv I cyili cvkvKi ^vZ iv KiZ ne| GRb gwnjvì gvwi iO, KvwUs, wWRvBb
st
BZw` cyilì wcinvb ev Kvgxm _K c_K ne| Ze G mvaviYZ mgmv nq bv| Kvbv gvw `L KD KLbv
h tru cyili wcinvb ej fyj Kie bv|
4. 8. 5. KvwgR (Kvgxm)
Avgiv `LwQ h, ivm~jjy vn mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvgi hyM gwnjviv Kvgxm cwiavb KiZb| gqì
na
KvgxmK AbK mgq wìA ejv nZv| AvKwZi w`K _K Avgvì `k ev Dcgnv`k cPwjZ KvwgR-Gi mv_ m
hyMi Kvgxmi wgj bB| h hyMi Kvgxm wQj cv ch j^v| Kvgxmi Dci ev bxP Bhvi ev cvRvgv QvovB mvjvZ Av`vq
un
Kiv hZ| Kvgxm ci mvR`v Kij cvqi Kvbv Ask AbveZ nZv bv| G_K Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, gymwjg gwnjvì
Kvgxm wQj Mvj Ges cv ch j^v gvwi gZ|
ss
Avgvì `ki gwnjvì KvwgR GKKfve mZi AveZ nq bv| Ze mv_ cvRvgv cij mZi AveZ Kiv
me| eenvii Rb cvRvgv ev mjvqvii mv_ Kvgxm kvoxi Pq AbK fvj cvkvK| mZi AveZ Kiv I Kgi Rb
.a
gymwjg gwnjvì DchvMx cvkvK cvRvgvi mv_ Kvgxm| Dcgnvìki wewfb Aj kvox wn`yì cvkvK I
w
mjvqvi-Kvgxm gymjgvbì cvkvK ej MY Kiv nq| mvaviYfve Avgiv ejZ cvwi h, mjvqvi ev cvRvgvi mv_
Kvgxm gwnjvì Rb Bmjvg-mZ I mybvZ-mZ fvj cvkvK|
w
G `ywU welq jYxq:

w
c_gZ, h bvgB cwiab Kiv nvK cvkvKi g~j Dk mZi AveZ Kiv| GRb gymwjg gwnjvi KvwgR cvZjv ev
AvuUmuvU ne bv| Zv AekB wXjXvjv ne I Mjv, nvZv BZvw`Z dih mZi AveZ Kie|
wZxqZ, h Kvbv iO ev wWRvBbi KvwgR civ ea| Ze cyilì KvwgRi wWRvBb ev Kvbv cvcx
mc`vqi Rb mycwiwPZ wWRvBbi KvwgR cwinvi KiZ ne| bvix cyil wbwekl h wWRvBb ev KvwUs-Gi KvwgR
eenvi Kiv nq Zv eenvi KiZ Kvbv Amyweav bB| KviY GZ Kvbv AbyKiY nq bv| hgb ivm~jjy v n -Gi hyM
bvix-cyil wbwekl Bhvi, wi`v BZvw` cwiavb KiZb Ges ivm~jjy v n wbRI KLbv KLbv Zuvi xì Bhvi ev wi`v
cwiavb KiZb| Ze cyilì Rb Kvbv wekl wWRvBb ev KvwUs cwm nj Zv gwnjviv eenvi Kieb bv|
Abyicfve mgvRi cwiwPZ Kvbv Agymwjg ev cvc wj Mvxi eenvii KviY cwm I mycwiwPZ Kvbv wWRvBb ev
KvwUsI gymwjg gwnjv eenvi Kieb bv|
4. 8. 6. cvRvgv, mjvqvi, cvU
Avgiv `LwQ h, cvRvgv gwnjvì Rb mybv Z mZ cvkvK| Avgiv Aviv `LwQ h, h Kvbv wWRvBb,
KvwUs ev iOi cvRvgv, mjvqvi ev cvU Aviex mvivexj Gi AMZ | gwnjvì mvivexj -Gi weklfve
Contents

jYxq h, Zv cyilì Rb weklfve cwiwPZ mvivexj Gi gZ ne bv| Ze bvix-cyil wbwekl mKji eeZ
mvaviY wWRvBb ev KvwUs-Gi mjvqvi ev cvRvgv eenvi KiZ Kvbv Amyweav bB|
GQvov gymwjg gwnjvi mjvqvi ev cvRvgv AvuUmvU ne bv ev cvZjv ne bv| wXjXvjv I mZi AveZKvix ne|
GmKj g~jbxwZi ga h Kvbv iO ev wWRvBb eenvi Kiv hZ cvi|
4. 8. 7. Iobv, vd ev gKveiY
Avgiv BZvc~e AvjvPbv KiwQ h, Aviex wLgvi ki A_ gKveiY| h Kvbv Kvco w`q gv_v AveZ Kij
ZvK wLgvi ejv nq| Iobv, vd, gv_v AveZ Kivi gvSvwi AvKwZi Pvì, kvwoi AvuPj BZvw` meB wLgvi wnmve
MY|
gymwjg gwnjvi AbZg cvkvK Iobv, vd ev gKveiY| Avgiv `LwQ h, gnvb Avjvn KziAvb Kvixg Iobv
cwiavbi wb`k I cwiavb cwZi weeiY c`vb KiQb| wZwb ejQb, Zvì Mxev I e`k hb Iobv viv AveZ
Ki...|
GLvb KqKwU welq jYxq:
1. Iobv, vd ev gKveiY gymwjg gwnjvi AbZg cvkvK| gymwjg gwnjvi DwPZ me`v h_vme Zv gnvb
Avjvni kLvbv cwZZ cwiavb Kiv| GgbwK gvnivg AvZxqì mvgb, Ab gwnjvì mvgb ev Mnvfi hLvb
gv_v ev Mjv AveZ Kiv dih bq mLvbI gymwjg gwnjvi DwPZ Gfve KziAvbi wkv Abymvi gv_vi Kvco ev Iobv
om
ci _vKv| KviY gv_vq Kvco ivLv ev Iobv cwiavb Kiv Bmjvgx Avè Gi AbZg Ask| wewfb eYbv _K Avgiv
`LZ cvB h, mvnvex-ZvweqxMY gvnivg AvZxì mvgbI gv_vi Iobv LyjZ wbirmvwnZ KiZb|
.c
2. mKj cvkvKi mv_B Iobv ciZ ne| gvw, Kvgxm I Abvb mKj cvkvKi mv_B gymwjg gwnjv Iobv
st
cieb| Abvb cvkvK mZi AveZ njI gymwjg gwnjvi `vwqZ eo Iobv w`q gv_v mn Mjv I eyK AveZ Ki ivLv|
KviY gnvb Avjvn Gfve Iobv ciZ ZvK wb`k w`qQ| Gfve Iobv civ Bev`Z I Avjvni AvbyMZ|
tru
3. Iobvi Rb g~jZ wfb Kvco eenvi Kiv nq| Ze kvoxi AvuPj eo Ki gv_vi Dci w`q Mjv I eyK
fvjfve AveZ Kij ZvZ Iobv cwiavbi `vwqZ cvwjZ nZI cvi|
h
4. gymwjg gwnjvi Iobv AekB eo AvKwZi Pvìi bvq, hv cyivcywi gv_v, eyK I Mjv AveZ KiZ cvi| QvU
na
AvKwZi Iobv eenvi Bmjvgx ixwZbxwZi weivax| Abvb cvkvK mZi cyivcywi AveZ njI gymwjg gwnjv QvU Iobv
eenvi Kieb bv| KviY Zv Agymwjg gwnjvì AbyKiY|
un
5. Agymwjg gwnjvì AbyKiY fvRKiv wPKb Kvco Mjvq Szjvbv AZ KwVb nvivg| mZi AbveZ nIqv
QvovI GZ Agymwjg I cvcwj gvbylì AbyKiY Kiv nq|
ss
4. 8. 8. Abvb cvkvK
.a
evsjv`k gymwjg gwnjvì ga Aviv AbK cKvii cvkvK cPwjZ| hgb dK, vU, wWfvBWvi BZvw`|
GmKj cvkvKi mvaviYfve wbgi g~jbxwZwji AbymiY KiZ ne
w
K. cvkvK AekB dih mZi AveZKvix ne| Mn ev gvnivg AvZxqì ga cwiaq cvkvK AZ evRy, Kuva,
w
Mjv _K cv ch cyiv AveZ Kie|

w
L. cvkvK wXjXvjv ne Ges cvZjv Kvcoi Zwi ne bv|

M. gwnjvì cvkvK cyilì cvkvKi Abyic ne bv| iO, wWRvBb ev KvwUsG ^vZ eRvq ivLZ ne|
N. Kvbv cvkvK ev cvkvKi wekl KvwUs ev wWRvBb hw` Kvbv Agymwjg mc`vq ev cvcwj bvixì ga
mycwiwPZ I wekl cwiwPZ nq Zvnj gymwjg gwnjviv Zv cwinvi Kieb| Awfbx, MvwqKv ev AbKvbv wbwl ckvq
KgiZ gwnjvì AbyKiY AekB cwinvi KiZ ne| m`h I cwiQbZv AekB Kvg| Ze cvcxì e AbyKiY
bq| GQvov vUbm Gi g~jvqbi AvgvìK Bmjvgx `wfw w`q wePvi KiZ ne|
G mKj g~jbxwZi AvjvK Dcii cvkvKwj ev Ab Kvbv gwnjv-cvkvK gwnjviv eenvi KiZ cvib|
4. 8. 9. eviKv
Avgiv BZvc~e AvjvPbv KiwQ h, gv_v I gyL AveZ Kivi Rb wekl fve Zwi cvkvKK AviexZ eyiKv
ejv nq Ges Avgiv `LwQ h, ivm~jjy v n -Gi hyM I cieZx mKj hyM gymwjg gwnjviv gv_v I gyL AveZ Kivi Rb
) cwiavb KiZb| eviKv (eyiKv:
Contents

Avgiv AvMB DjL KiwQ A-gvnivg AvZxq I mKj AbvZxq cyili mvgb gwnjvì gv_v I gyLmn cyiv
kixi AveZ Kiv dih| gyLgj I KiZjq welqK gZf` Avgiv RvbZ ciwQ| eo Pvì, wRjeve, Iobv ev wLgvi
w`qI gv_v I gyL AveZ Kivi dih Av`vq Kiv me| Ze Zv LyeB KKi Ges KvRKg I PjvPji AbychvMx| GRb
Mni evBi dih mZi AveZ Kivi Rb mePq mnR I myweavRbK gvmb~b cvkvK eviKv|
eviKvi mec_g jYxq h, Zv cyiv mZi AveZ Kie, wXjXvjv ne Ges `w AvKlYKvix ev cwmwi cvkvK
ne bv| mvaviYfve gwnjvì Rb mKj iO ea| Ze mgvRi cPjbi KviY Kvbv iO cwinvi KiZ nZ cvi| hgb,
DcmvMixq Avie `kwjZ, weklZ mw` Avie mKj gwnjv Kvj eviKv cwiavb Kib| mLvb ^vfvweK cwiek Kvbv
gwnjv jvj, bxj BZvw` iOi eviKv cwiavb Kij Zv `w AvKlYKvix ev cwmwi cvkvK ej MY ne|
Abyicfve eviKvi KvwUs ev wWRvBb hw` mZi AveZ KiZ Kvbv mgmv mw bv Ki Zvnj Zv g~jZ ea|
mvgvwRK cPjbi KviY Kvbv wekl wWRvBb hw` weklfve `w AvKlYKvix nq Zvnj Zv cwinvi KiZ ne| GQvov
Avgvì j ivLZ ne h, wRjeve ev eviKv hb ^qs m`h ev Ajvi cwiYZ bv nq| Avgvì `k AvRKvj
AbKB eviKvq wewfb cKvii KviKvR Kib| GLvb KqKwU welq jYxq:
K. gwnjvì eviKvi ev ewniveiYi g~j Dk g~j `ni cvkvK, `n eeZ Ajvivw` I `ni m`h
AveZ Kiv| G eviKvB hw` weklic `w AvKlYxq nq Zvnj eviKvi eenvii g~j Dk evnZ nq|
L. Bmjvgi `wfw GB h, gwnjviv Mn, ^vgx, cwievi I gwnjvì ga mvRMvR Kieb Avi evwni
om
cyilì ga mvRMvR AveZ Ki ivLeb| hb mgvRi cyil I bvix mKji gvbwmK cweZv eRvq _vK| GRb
evBii cvkvK ev eviKv ^vfvweK I kvjxb ne|
M. cvvZi Akxj I Anvix mfZvq cvkvKi AbZg ewk AvKlYxqZv| cvi Bmjvg AvKlYxqZv
.c
cwinvi KiZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ| Bmjvgi `wZ cvkvKi gyj ewk cwiQbZv, mijZv, ^vfvweKZv I cwiavbKvixi
st
mvgvwRK Aevi mv_ mvgm| ay AvKlY, cwmw ARb ev Abyic Dk cvkvK eenvi Kiv ev cvkvKi wWRvBb
tru Zwi Kiv wbla Kiv nqQ|
N. gwngvgq Avjvn ^fveZB hv cKvwkZ nq ev cvkvKi m`h cKvk KiZ AbygwZ w`qQb| Avgiv `LwQ
h, nv`xm kixd gqì mKj cKvii iO eenvii AbygwZ Ìqv nqQ| GRb ^vfvweK I mij KviKvR, wWRvBb
h
BZvw` eenvi Kiv hZ cvi| Ze mgvRi gwnjvì ga AcwiwPZ ev AeeZ A_ev `w AvKlYxq Kvbv iO,
na
wWRvBb, KvwUs, GgeqWvix BZvw` eenvi cwinvi KiZ ne|

O. mgvRi AMwYZ gwnjv dih mZi ev gv_v, gyL, Nvo, Mjv, nvZ I kixii AbK Ask AbveZ Ki Pjb|
un
GgZvevq hw` Kvbv gymwjg gwnjv AvKlYxq cvkvK ev KiKvR Kiv eviKvq dih mZi AveZ Ki, A_vr gv_v I
Pzj mn m~Y `n AveZ Ki Pjvdiv Kib Zvnj ZvK wb`v bv Ki cksmv KiZ ne| wZwb dih Av`vq KiQb|
ss
Ze Zvi cvkvKi ga h AcQ`bxq AvKlYxqZv iqQ Zv cwinvi Ki ^vfvweK I mnR wWRvBbi eviKv cwiavbi
.a
Drmvn c`vb KiZ ne|

gnvb AvjvnB fvj Rvbb| Avgiv Zuvi ingZ, gv I ZvIdxK cv_bv KiwQ
w
w
w
Contents
cg Aavq:
`wnK cvwicvU
`wnK cvwicvU I cwiQbZv cvkvK-cwiQì mv_ mswk GKwU welq| cvkvK welqK AvjvPbvi kl G welqK
wKQz g~jbxwZ msc AvjvPbv KiZ PvB| Avjvni ìevi ZvIdxK cv_bv KiwQ|
5. 1. Pyj
gvbe `ni m`hi AbZg cKvk Pzj| bvix I cyili Pzji welq nv`xm kixd wewfb wb`kbv iqQ|
5. 1. 1. cyili Pzj
5. 1. 1. 1. Pzj ivLv ebvg gyb Kiv
ivm~jjy v n -Gi hyM Aviei cyilì mvaviY ixwZ wQj j^v Pzj ivLv| ivm~jjy v n wbR me`v j^v Pzj
ivLZb| wewfb mnxn nv`xm _K Avgiv RvbZ cvwi h, Zuvi Pzjwj KLbv Kvbi gvSvgvwS, KLbv Kvbi jwZ ch Ges
KLbv Zuvi `yB Kuva ch j^v _vKZv|
om
) ev j^v Pzji Q KLbv Zuvi Pzj Aviv `xN nZv ej Rvbv hvq| Nvoi wbP Szj _vKv PzjK AviexZ hyAvev (
) A_vr )ev (ejv nq| cvMwoi wcQbi Szjvbv AskK GRb hyAvev ejv nq| GwjK Rovj ev webywb Kij ZvK (
) ev Lvcv ejv nq|Pzji Q ev webywbe Pzj ejv nq| Gic Pzj Rwoq Lvcv Kij ZvK (
.c
ivm~jjy v n -Gi Pzj KLbv KLbv Gic j^v nZv ej Rvbv hvq| ivm~jjy v n -Gi PvPvZv evb Dy nvbx
st
(iv) ejb,
tru
( )
(gv weRqi mgq) ivm~jjy v n hLb gvq AvMgb Kijb ZLb Zvi Pzj PviwP Q ev webywb wQj| nv`xmwUi
h
mb` nvmvb|
na
G nv`xmi AvjvK Avjvgv Bebyj KvBwqg (751 wn) ejb, Zuvi Pzj hLb j^v nZv ZLb wZwb Zv PviwU Q
wef Ki ivLZb|
un
Beby nvRvi AvmKvjvbx ejb, AwaKvsk mgq Zuvi Pzj Gic Kuvai KvQvKvwQ _vKZ| KLbv Zv Aviv j^ nZ Ges
) evwbq ivLZb| ) ev Szj Q cwiYZ nZ| wZwb mwjK webywb ((
ss
n ev Dgiv Qvov wZwb KLbv gv_vi Pzj gyb KiQb ej Rvbv hvq bv| n I Dgivi Ask wnme gv_v
.a
gyb Kiv Qvov Ab mgq gv_v gyb Kivi welq dKxnMY gZf` KiQb| Kvbv Kvbv dKxn n-Dgivi cqvRb
Qvov gv_v gyb Kiv gvKin ej MY KiQb| Zuviv `yfve Zvì gZi c cgvY ck Kib| c_gZ, ivm~jjy v n
w
wbR KLbvB n-Dgiv Qvov gv_v gyb Kib wb| wZxqZ, wewfb nv`xm _K gv_v gyb AvcwKi ej eySv hvq|
w
Zvevivbx msKwjZ nv`xm Rvwei (iv) ejb, ivm~jyjv n ejQb:

w

n A_ev Dgivq Qvov gv_i Pzj djv hve bv|
nv`xmwUi mb` `yej| Ze nv`xmwU Aviv KqKwU mb` ewYZ nqQ| Avjx Bebyj Rv` Avj-RvInvix Avj-
evM`v`x (230 wn), Aveyj nvmvb Avmjvg Beby mvnj (292wn), nvmvb Beby Avyi ivngvb ivgigyhx (360 wn), Ave~ Rvdvi
gynvv` Beby Dgvi DKvBjx (323 wn) Ges Ave~ byAvBb Bmcvnvbx (430wn) c_K c_K `yej mb` nv`xmwU msKjb
Contents

KiQb| Ave~ byAvBgi eYbvq nv`xmwU wbgic:

n A_ev Dgivq Qvov gv_i Pzj djv hve bv| G Qvov Zv mw weKwZ Kiv ej MY ne|
cwZwU mb`B wewfb cKvii `yej Zv AvQ| Ae AwaKvsk mb`B Kvbv wg_vev`x ivex bB| dj GKvwaK
mbì KviY nv`xmwU wKQzUv MnYhvMZv jvf Ki ej cZxqgvb nq| mevevq hviv n I Dgiv Qvov Ab mgq gv_v
gyb Kiv gvKin ejb Zviv Dcii nv`xmwUK Zvì gZi ^c cgvY wnme ck Kib|
Ab nv`xm Rvwei (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb,

h ew (gv_vi Pzj) gyb Ki, (cvkvK-cwiQ`) wQo dj ev wPrKvi Ki m Avgvì `jfy bq| nv`xmwUi
mb` mnxn|
Ave~ g~mv AvkAvix (iv) _K GKvwaK MnYhvM mb` G A_ AviKwU nv`xm ewYZ nqQ|
G nv`xmwU evnZ wec`-gywmeZ Aah nq Gic KiZ wbla Kiv nqQ| Ze n-Dgiv Qvov gv_v gyb hviv
gvKin ejb Zviv nv`xmi mvaviY eei wfwZ Zuviv `vwe Kib h, kixqZ mZ cqvRb Qvov h Kvbv mgqB Gic
om
Kiv gvKin ej MY ne|
Ab nv`xm Ave~ mvC` Lyìx (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb,
.c
st

...

tru
c~e w`K _K wKQz gvbyl ei ne, Zviv KziAvb cvV Kie, wK Zv Zvì Kbvjx AwZg Kie bv, wbw
Zxi hgb wkKvii `n f` Ki ei nq hvq, ZvivI Zgwb `xb _K wQUK ewiq hve Ges Avi `xbi ga wdi
h
Avme bv| ejv njv, Zvì AvjvgZ ev wP Kx? wZwb ejb, Zvì wP gv_v gyb Kiv|
na
G nv`xm _KI cgvwYZ nq h, gv_v gyb Kiv AcQ`bxq KvR Ges Zv wev ev ag`vnxì Kg|
Ab nv`xm ewYZ nqQ h, `yevB bvgK GK ew KziAvb I Bmjvg mK AcqvRbxq I AvcwKi ck
un
Dvcb KiZ| Dgvi Bebyj Lvve (iv) ZvK kvw c`vb Kib Ges ejb,

ss
ZvgvK hw` gv_v gywZ Aevq cZvg Ze Avwg hvZ Zvgvi Pzq iqQ Zv (Zvgvi gK) Zievixi AvNvZ
.a
KU djZvg|
w
G _KI cZxqgvb nq h, mvnvexMY gv_v gybi AfvmK AvcwKi ej gb KiZb| Bgvg Avng` Beby nv^vj
DjL KiQb h, c_g hyMi mvnvex-ZvweqxMY gv_v gyb Kiv gvKin gb KiZb|
w
G mKj nv`xm I eYbvi AvjvK AbK dKxn I Avwjg `vwe Kib h, n I Dgiv Qvov gv_v gyb Kiv
w
gvKin| Bgvg Avng` Beby nv^vj G gZ mg_b KiQb ej ewYZ nqQ|

AwaKvsk dKxn I Bgvg mevevq gv_v gyb Kiv Rvqh I gyevn ej MY KiQb| Zuvì gZ, gv_v gyb Kivi
Pq Pzj ivLvB Dg, mybv Z-mZ I AwaKZi mvIqvei KvR| Ze me`v ev wbqwgZ gv_v gyb KivI Rvqh|
wewfb nv`xmi ee Zuvì gZ mg_b Ki| Avyjv n Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb,
Contents

ivm~jjy v n GK wkK `Lb h, Zvi gv_vi wKQz Ask gyb Kiv nqQ Ges wKQz Ask gyb Kiv nq wb| wZwb
Gic KiZ wbla Ki ejb, Zvgiv cyiv gv_v gyb Kie, A_ev cyiv gv_vi Pzj iL è| nv`xmwUi mb`
mnxn|
G nv`xm _K Rvbv hvq h, gv_v gyb Kiv ea, Ze gv_vi wKQz Ask gyb Kiv Ges wKQz Ask Agyw Z ivLv ev
wUwK ivLv wbwl|
ivm~jjy v n -Gi PvPvZv fvB Rvdi Beby Avex Zvwje gyZvi hy kvnv`Z eiY Kib| G NUbvi eYbvq Rvdii cy
Avyjv n (iv) ejb,

.

ivm~jjy v n Rvdii cwieviK (kvK cKvki Rb) wZb w`b mgq `b| G wZb w`b wZwb Zvì wbKU
om
Avmb wb| Gici wZwb Zvì KvQ Gm ejb, Avgviv fvBqi Rb AvRKi ci Avi Zvgiv Kuvè bv| AZtci wZwb
ejb, Avgvi fvBqi QjìK Avgvi KvQ Avb| ZLb AvgvìK wbq Avmv njv| Avgvì Aev wQj DvLyv
Amnvq cvwLi Qvbvi bvq| ZLb wZwb ejjb, Avgvi Rb GKRb bvwcZ WK Avb| wZwb bvwcZK Av`k w`j m
.c
Avgvì gv_vwj gyb Ki| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|
st
G nv`xmI cgvY Ki h, n-Dgiv QvovI mvaviYfve gv_v gyb Kiv ea| Zuviv Aviv ejb h, KuvwP w`q
gv_vi Pzj QvUv ev QvU Kivi eaZvi welq Kviv wgZ bB| zi w`q PuvQv ev gyb Kivi welqB ay gZf`| Avi KuvwP
tru
w`q gyb I zi ev eU w`q gyb Kivi ga g~jZ Kvbv cv_K bB| KvRB KuvwP w`q gyb ea ejvi ci zi w`q
gyb Aea ejvi KviY bB|
h
GQvov Zuviv ejb h, hwÌ ivm~jjy v n I Zuvi AwaKvsk mvnvex me`v gv_vq Pzj ivLZb Ges n-Dgiv Qvov
na
gv_v gyb KiZb bv, Ze mvnvexMYi ga Avjx (iv) gv_v gyb KiZb ej ewYZ nqQ| GZ cgvwYZ nq h, Gic Kiv
ea| gvjv Avjx Kvix G welq Dci DwjwLZ nv`xmi DwZ w`q ejb, G nv`xm BwZ iqQ n I Dgiv QvovI gv_v
un
gyb Kiv Rvqh Ges cyili Rb GLwZqvi iqQ h, m gv_v gyb Kie A_ev Pzj iL è| Ze n I Dgiv Qvov
gv_v gyb bv KivB Dg| KviY ivm~jjy vn I mvnvexMY GicB KiZb| Kejgv Avjx (iv) Zvì ga _K ewZg
ss
Kib|
.a
cwm nv^vjx dKxn Beby Kz`vgv (620 wn) ejb, (cg wnRix kZvxi cwm gynvwm I gvwjKx dKxn) Beby
Avyj evi&i (463 wn) ejb, gv_v gybi eaZvi welq AvwjgMY BRgv ev HKgZ cvlY KiQb| `wjj wnme GB
w
h_| Avi KuvwP w`q gv_vi Pzj GKevi KU djv ev gyb Kiv h ea m welq eYbvi wfbZv bB| Bgvg Avng` ejb,
w
hviv gv_v gyb AcQ` KiQb ev gvKin ejQb Zviv zi w`q gyb gvKin ejQb, KuvwP w`q KZb Kvbv Amyweav
bB; KviY h mKj `wjj w`q gv_v gyb AcQ`bxq cgvwYZ Kiv nq, mwj meB njK Kiv ev gv_vi Pzj zi w`q PuQ
w
djvi welq|
Avgiv DjL KiwQ h, ivm~jjy v n -Gi Pzj mvaviYZ Kvb ev Kuva ch j^v nZv| Gi Pq j^v Pzji
wblavv bv _vKjI myì Ki ivLZ wZwb Drmvn w`qQb| IqvBj Beby Ri (iv) ejb,

.

Avwg gv_vq j^v Pzj wbq ivm~jjy v n -Gi wbKU AvMgb Kwi| ivm~jjy v n hLb AvgvK `Ljb ZLb
ejjb, Agj! wZ! ZLb Avwg wdi hq Avgvi Pzj QU dwj| AZtci ciw`b Avwg Zuvi wbKU AvMgb Kwi| wZwb
Contents

ejb, Avwg ZvgvK Dk Ki Avgvi K_v ewj wb| Ze GB (AvRKi PzjB) Dg| nv`xmwUi mb` MnYhvM ej
cZxqgvb nq|
Bebyj nvbhvwjqv (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejb,

LyivBg Avmv`x Lye fvj gvbyl, hw` Zvi gv_vi Pzjwj `xN bv nZ Ges Zvi Bhvi f~jwy Z bv nZ! LyivBgi KvQ
hLb G K_v cuQj ZLb wZwb GKwU Qzwi wbq Zv w`q Zvi gv_vi Pzj Zuvi `yB Kvb ch QvU Kib Ges Zvi Bhvi Zzj
wbmd mvK ch EPz Ki cwiavb Kib| nv`xmwUi mb` MnYhvM ej cZxqgvb nq|
G nv`xmi evLvq gvjv Avjx Kvix ejb, Kvbv m`n bB h, Pyj `xN nIqv Kvbv wbw`Z welq bq|
wbavwiZ cwigvci Pq eo nj Pzj KU djZ ne ejI Kvbv wb`k bB| meZ ivm~jyjvn j KiwQjb h,
G ew Zvi j^v Pzji gvag Anvi cKvk KiQ| Pzji `Ni mv_ jywi f~jwy Z nIqvi welqwU DjL KivZ Zv
cgvwYZ nq|
GLvb DjL h, cieZx hyMi Kvbv Kvbv dKxn gv_v gyb Kiv Ges Pzj ivLv DfqKB mgvbfve Rvqh ej
DjL KiQb|
om
Dcii GKwU nv`xm Avgiv `LwQ h, ivm~jjy v n gv_vi wKQz Ask gyb KiZ I wKQz Ask Pzj ivLZ wbla
KiQb| G A_ eyLvix-gymwjg msKwjZ Ab nv`xm Zvwe-Zvweqx DevB`yjv n Beby nvdm Zvweqx bvwdi m~ ejb, Beby
Dgvi (iv) ejQb:
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st
ivm~jyjv n wewQb ev Q Pzj ivLZ wbla KiQb| bvwd ejb, wewQb ev Q Pzj ivLvi A_ gv_vi wKQz
tru
Pzj gyb Ki wKQz Pzj iL Ìqv| cieZx eYbvKvix DevB`yjvn ejb, gv_v gyb Ki Kcvj I gv_vi Dfq cvk wKQz
Pzj iL ÌqvK wewQb ev Q Pzj ivLv ej| Ze Kvbi cvki Pzj I gv_vi cv`fvMi ev Nvoi (nape) Pzji
h
Amyweav bB|
na
Bgvg beex, Beby nvRvi AvmKvjvbx I Abvb Avwjg DjL KiQb h, dKxnMYi BRgv ev HKgZ Abymvi
wPwKrmv ev Abyic cqvRb Qvov gv_vi wKQz Aski Pzj gyb Kiv Ges wKQz Aski Pzj iL Ìqv gvKin Zvbhxnx| Kvbi
un
cvki Pzj I gv_vi wcQbi w`K Nvoi Dcii Pzji welq Zuviv gZf` KiQb| AbK gv_vi Pzj iL ay gv_vi
cv`fvMi Pzj zi w`q gyb KivKI gvKin Zvbhxnx ej MY KiQb| G welq `y-GKwU hqxd nv`xmI ewYZ nqQ|
ss
Dgvi Bebyj Lvvei (iv) m~ ewYZ nqQ:

.a
igvY ev wPwKrmvi cqvRb Qvov gv_vi cv`fvM ev Nvoi Pzj gyb KiZ ivm~jjy vn wbla KiQb|
w
nv`xmwUi mb` `yej |

w
Ab GKwU `yej mbì nv`xm ewYZ nqQ:

w

igvY ev wPwKrmvi cqvRb Qvov gv_vi cvvMi Pzj gyb Kiv AwMDcvmKì Afvm| nv`xmwUi mb`
`yej |
cvi Ab AbK dKxn gZ cKvk KiQb h, gv_vi Pzj bv gyb Ki Kejgv Nvoi I Kvbi cvki Pzj gyb
Kiv Kvbvic AvcwKi bq| Dcii nv`xmi evLvq ivex DevB`yjv n DjL KiQb h, Kvbi cvki Pzj I gv_vi
cv`fvMi Pzj gyb KivZ Amyweav bB| Ab AbK dKxn G gZ cvlY KiQb| Zuvì gZ gv_vi Pzj eo iL ev gyb
Contents

bv Ki Kejgv Nvoi I Kvbi cvki Pzj gyb KiZ Kvbv Avcw bB| Ze hw` KD Nvoi Pzji mv_ gv_vi wcQb
ewk Ask gyb Ki Ze Zv gvKin ev AvcwKi ej MY ne| G welqK nv`xwj G A_ cgvY Ki ej Zuviv gb Kib|
GLvb DjL h, AviexZ nvjK ev gyb ejZ zi viv gyb Kiv eySvbv nq| KuvwP viv QvU KivK nvjK
ejv nq bv, eis ZvKmxi (QvUv) ev Kvm&m (KvUv) ejv nq| GRb gv_vi wKQz Aski Pzj eo ivLv I wKQz Aski Pzj KuvwP
w`q QU QvU Ki ivLv A_ev Nvoi Pzj I Kvbi KvQi Pzj KuvwP w`q QU QvU Ki ivLvi welq g~jZ Kvbv Avcw
bB|
5. 1. 1. 2. Pzji hZ
ivm~jjy v n Pzji hZ wbZb Ges hZ wbZ wb`k w`qQb| Pzj AhZ AcwicvwUfve iL Ìqv wZwb
GKewK AcQ` KiZb| c_g Aavq AvjvwPZ GKwU nv`xm Avgiv `LwQ h, Rvwei (iv) ejQb, ivm~jjy v n
`Ljb h, Zvi gv_vi Pzjwj gqjv, DvLyv I Qovbv wQUvbv| wZwb ejjb, G ewi wK wKQyB RvU bv hv w`q m
Zvi Pzjwj cwicvwU Kie?
Ab nv`xm wZwb ejb,

hw` Kviv Pzj _vK Ze hb Pzji mvb Ki ev hZ Ki| nv`xmwU mnxn|
om
cwm Zvweqx BqvnBqv Beby mvqx` Avbmvix (144 wn) ejb,

.c
.

st
Ave~ KvZv`v Avbmvix (iv) ivm~jjy v n -K ejb, Avgvi Kuva ch j^v Pzj AvQ, Avwg wK Zv AuvPove ev
cwicvwU Kie? wZwb ejb, nuv, Ges Zzwg ZvK ghv `v è ev mvb Kie| hnZz ivm~jjy v n ZvK ejb h, nuv,
tru
Ges Zzwg ZvK gh`v è mnZz Ave~ KvZv`v AbK mgq cwZw`b `yevi Pzj Zj w`q Pzj cwicvwU KiZb|
h
G welq Ave~ KvZv`vi (iv) wbRi fvl wbgic:
na

un
Zuvi wekvj Kuva ch j^v Pzj wQj| wZwb G welq ivm~jjy v n -K ck Kib| wZwb ZvK wb`k `b Pzji hZ
ss
wbZ Ges cwZw`b Pzj AvuPovZ| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|

Ab GKwU MnYhvM nv`xm ivm~jjy v n GKw`b ci GKw`b Pzj AuvPovZ wb`k w`qQb| nv`xmwji
.a
mg^q dKxnMY ejb h, Pzji cqvRbgZ hZ wbZ ne, Ze AwZ mZKZv I AwZ-hZ bIqv cwinvi KiZ ne|
ivm~jjy v n wbqwgZ Pzj Zj I myMw eenvi KiZb Ges Pzj AuvPovZb| weklZ wZwb ewk ewk `vwo
w
cwicvwU KiZb I AvuvPovZb| Pzj-`vwo AuvPovbvi mgq wZwb Wvb w`K _K i KiZ fvjevmZb| KLbv wZwb
w
wbRB wbRi Pzj AvuPovZb Ges KLbv Zuvi x Zuvi Pzj AuvPo w`Zb| wZwb c_g w`K Pzji wmuw_ bv KU AuvPovZb|
w
ci wZwb gv_vi gavb wmuw_ Ki Pzj AuvPovZb| wZwb Pzj I `vwoZ Lhve eenvi KiwQjb wK bv m welq
mvnvexMY _K GKvwaK gZ ewYZ nqQ| KD KD Zuvi Pzj I `vwoZ gnwì jvjP Lhve `LQb ej eYbv
KiQb| KD KD DjL KiQb h, Zuvi Pzj I `vwo AwZ mvgvbB mv`v nqwQj| GRb wZwb Lhve eenvi Kib wb|
Ze wZwb Pzj I `vwoZ Zj I myMw eenvi KiZb, hvi dj AbKUv Lhve jvMvbv ej gb nZv|
mevevq wZwb Pzj I `vwo mv`v nq Mj ZvZ njy`, hvdivb, gnw`, KvZvg BZvw` viv jvj, njy`, jvjP
njy`, bxjP njy`, KvjP jvj ev KvjP njy` Lhve eenvi KiZ Drmvn w`qQb Ges cwic~Y Kvj Lhve ev Kjc
Contents

eenvi KiZ wbla KiQb|
5. 1. 2. gwnjvi Pzj
5. 1. 2. 1. Pzj ivLv, QvUv I KvUv
mvaviYfve Pzj ivLv, hZ Kiv I cwicvwU Kivi welq Dch y wb`kbvmg~n gwnjvì I chvR| GQvov
gwnjvì Pzj gyb Kivi welq wekl wblavv ewYZ nqQ| Avjx (iv) ejb,

ivm~jjy v n wbla KiQb h, bvix Zvi gv_v gyb Kie| nv`xmwUi mbì B`wZive ev ecixZ welqK
`yej Zv iqQ|
Ab nv`xm Beby Avevm (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb,

gwnjvì Dci gv_v gybi `vwqZ bB; Zvì `vwqZ Pzj QvU Kiv| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|
G mKj wb`k hwÌ g~jZ n I Dgivi mv_ mswk, ZeyI G mKj nv`xm _K Rvbv hvq h, gwnjvì Rb gv_v
gyb Kiv Abygvw`Z bq| KviY ni Bev`Zi Rb hLb ZvìK gv_v gyb KiZ AbygwZ Ìqv nq wb, ZLb Ab mgq Zv
om
Avi Abygvw`Z nZ cvi bv| G Rb dKxnMY DjL KiQb h, gwnjvì Rb gv_v gyb Kiv gvKin|
Ze gwnjviv Pzj wKQzUv QvU Ki ivLZ cvieb ej nv`xmi AvjvK Rvbv hvq| cwm Zvweqx Ave~ mvjvgv Beby
.c
Avyi ivngvb ejb,

st
ivm~jjy v n -Gi cZxMY Zvì gv_vi Pzj Ggbfve QvU KiZb h Zv Kvbi jwZ ch Syj _vKZ|
tru
G nv`xmi evLvq 6 wnRix kZKi cwm gynvwm Kvhx Bqvh (544 wn) ejQb, mvaviYfve Aviei bvixiv
j^v Pzj ivLZb| meZ ivm~jjy v n -Gi BKvji ci Dyj gywgbxbMY Gfve QvU Ki Pzj ivLZb| 7g kZvxi
h
na
cwm gynvwm Bgvg beex (676 wn) Kvhx Bqvhi G gZ mg_b Kib Ges ejb: G nv`xm cgvY Ki h, gwnjvì Rb
Pzj QvU Kiv Rvqh|
un
G weklfve jYxq h, gymwjg gwnjv Pzj QvU KijI Zv cyilvjx fwZ ne bv| Pzji cwigvY,
cwigvc ev vBj cyilì ev Agymwjg bvixì AbyKiY Kiv hve bv| G welq nv`xmi wb`kbv Avgiv BZvc~e
ss
AvjvPbv KiwQ|
wekl cqvRb, AmyZ v ev evaKi KviY gwnjviv gv_v gyb KiZ cvib ej Kvbv Kvbv nv`xmi AvjvK
.a
cZxqgvb nq| Bqvhx` Bebyj Avmv (103 wn) Zuvi Lvjv bex-cZx gvBg~bvi (iv) welq ejb,
.
w
w
Avwg `wL h, ivm~jjy v n -Gi ci gvBg~bv Zuvi gv_v gyb KiZb| eYbvwUi mb` mnxn|
w
Ab eYbvq wZwb gvBg~bv (iv)-Gi IdvZi NUbv DjL Ki ejb,

wZwb ni ga Zuvi gv_v gyb KiwQjb| mbì ivexMY mKjB wbfihvM|
gvBg~bv (iv) cvq 70/75 ermi eqm 51 wnRixZ ni ci gvq BKvj Kib| GZ eySv hvq h, meZ
evaK ev `yej Zvi KviY wZwb Gfve gv_v gyb KiwQjb| gnvb AvjvnB fvj Rvbb|
Contents

5. 1. 2. 2. Kwg Pzj mshvRb
Bmjvg m`h PPv I mvRmvq hgb Drmvn Ìqv nqQ, Zgwb G welq KwgZv eRb KiZ wb`k Ìqv
nqQ| gwnjvì Pzj cwZcvjb, Pzji hZ bIqv I m`h eab Kiv nv`xm wb`wkZ I mybvZ mZ bK Kg| wK
Kwg Pzj mshvRb Kiv wbwl|
eyLvix, gymwjg I Abvb gynvwm msKwjZ wewfb mnxn mb` Ave~ ivBiv (iv), Avyjv n Beby gvmE` (iv),
Avyjv n Beby Dgvi (iv), gyAvweqv Beby Ave~ mywdqvb (iv), Avqkv (iv), Avmgv (iv) cgLy mvnvex _K cvq gyZvIqvwZi
chvq ewYZ nv`xm ivm~jjy v n ejb,

h gwnjv Kwg Pzj mshvRb Ki, h gwnjv Kwg Pzj mshvRb Kivq, h gwnjv Dw KuvU Ges h gwnjv Dw
KuvUvq ZvìK Avjvn Awfk KiQb|
Ab nv`xm Avmgv webZz Ave~ evK&i wmxK (iv) ejb,

om
GKRb gwnjv ivm~jjy v n -Gi wbKU AvMgb Ki ej, n Avjvni ivm~j, Avgvi GKwU gq AvQ h bZzb
weevwnZv, m nvg RvZxq ivM Avv nIqvZ Zvi gv_vi AbK Pzj DV wMqQ| Avwg wK Zvi gv_vq Kwg Pzj mshvRb
.c
KiZ cvwi? ZLb ivm~jjy v n ejb, h gwnjv Kwg Pzj mshvRb Ki Ges h gwnjv Kwg Pzj mshvRb Kivq
ZvìK Avjvn Awfk KiQb|
st
Avqkv (iv) _K c_K mb` G A_ nv`xm ewYZ nqQ|
tru
Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, Gic AmyZ vi I ivm~jjy v n Kwg Pzj mshvRbi AbygwZ `b wb| GRb
gymwjg gwnjvi `vwqZ AmyZ v _K gyw I cwic~Y myZ
vi Rb mvagZ Pv Kiv Ges KwgZv gyfve mvagZ m`h
h
eRvq ivLv I eab Kiv|
na
5. 2. `vwo
5. 2. 1. nv`xmi wb`kbv
un
Pzj bvix cyil mKji Rb m`h| Avi `vwo cyili Rb wekl m`h I cil cKvkK| ivm~jjy v n wbR
ss
eo `vwo ivLZb, DvZK eo `vwo ivLZ wb`k w`qQb Ges `vwo QvU KiZ Ges gyb KiZ wbla KiQb|
ivm~jjy v n -Gi AvKwZi eYbvq Avjx (iv) ejb,
.a
wZwb AbK eo `vwoi AwaKvix wQjb| nv`xmwU nvmvb|

w
gymwjg msKwjZ Ab nv`xm Rvwei Beby mvgyiv (iv) ejb,

w

ivm~jjy v n -Gi `vwo wQj ewk ev Nb|
Bqvw`h Avj-dvwimx ewYZ I Avyjvn Beby Avevm (iv) Abygvw`Z nv`xm wZwb ejb,

Zuvi `vwo Zuvi e c~Y Ki djwQj| nv`xmwU nvmvb|
Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, ivm~jyjv n eo `vwo iLQb| BZvc~e Avgiv DjL KiwQ h, wZwb `vwoi hZ
wbZb Ges ewk ewk `vwo cwicvwU KiZb I AvuPovZb| mvnvexMYI Gfve eo `vwo ivLZb ej wewfb nv`xm ewYZ
Contents
nqQ| wZwb `vwoZ Lhve eenvi Kib wb ejB AwaKvsk eYbvi AvjvK eySv hvq| KviY Zuvi `vwo cvq meB Kvj
wQj| gv_vq MvUv wekK Pzj Ges wbPi VvUi wbPi `vwoQi (evPv `vwoi) ga MvUv `kK `vwo gv mv`v nqwQj|
GQvov `y Kvbi cvk Kwji wKQz Pzj cvKZ i KiwQj|
ZrKvjxb hyM gykwiK I AwM DcvmKì ga `vwo QvU Ki ivLv ev `vwo gyb Kivi ixwZ cPwjZ wQj| ivm~jjy v n
Zuvi DvZK weklfve G mKj Agymwjg mc`vqi weivwaZv KiZ Ges eo `vwo ivLZ wb`k w`qQb| wZxq
Aavq DwjwLZ GKwU nv`xm Avgiv G welqK GKwU wb`k `LwQ| nv`xmwUZ Ave~ Dgvgv (iv) ejb, Avbmvix
mvnvexMY ejb, n Avjvni ivm~j, Bw` bvmviMY `vwo QvU Ki ivL Ges Muvd eo Ki| wZwb ejb: Zvgiv Muvd
QvU Ki ivLe Ges `vwo eo Ki ivLe Ges Bw` bvmvivì weivwaZv Kie| hZUzKz cvie kqZvbi ezì
weivwaZv Kie|
Ab nv`xm Avyjvn Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb,
)( )

( )

(

Zvgiv gykwiKì weivwaZv Ki, Mudwj QU dj ev QvU Ki Ges `vwowj eo Ki (Ab eYbvq: wZwb Muvd
QvUZ Ges `vwo QvUv _K weiZ _vKZ wb`k w`qQb|)
om
Ab eYbvq Zvweqx bvwd ejb, Avyjv n Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb, ivm~jyjv n ejQb,

.c

st
Zvgiv gykwiKì weivwaZv Ki, `vwo evovI ev eo Ki Ges Muvd LvU Ki| bvwd ejb, Beby Dgvi (iv) hLb
tru
n A_ev Dgiv cvjb KiZb, ZLb (n ev Dgiv cvjbi kl gv_vi Pzj gyb Kivi mgq) wbRi `vwo gyw Ki aiZb
Ges gywi AwZwi `vwo KZb KiZb|
h
Ab nv`xm Ave~ ivBiv (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb,
na

)
( )

un
(

ss
Zvgiv Muvd QvU Ges `vwo j^v Ki Qo `vI, AwM DcvmKì weivwaZv Ki| Ab eYbvq, Zvgiv Muvd
_K wKQy QvUe Ges `vwoK QvUv _K gyw è|
.a
G mKj nv`xm `vwoi wbgv kwj eenvi Kiv nqQ:

) A_vr ewk Kiv, ewaZ Kiv, gv Kiv, Qo Ìqv|1| (
w
) A_vr ew Kiv ev mq Kiv|2| (

w
) A_vr Szwjq Ìqv, j^v Kiv ev wXj Ìqv|3| (

w
) A_vr Szwjq Ìqv ev wcwQq Ìqv|4| (

Dcii nv`xmwj _K G K_v h, `vwo eo ivLv ivm~jjy v n -Gi GKwU my wb`k Ges `vwo gyb Kiv
ev QU djv wbwl Kg| Ab nv`xm wZwb `vwo eo Kiv I Muvd QvU KivK cKwZ wb`wkZ gwjK cweZv I
cwiQbZvi Ask wnme DjL KiQb| Avqkv (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb,

...

Contents

`kwU Kg wdZivZ ev gvbexq cKw Z wb`wkZ Kg: (1) Muv d KZb Kiv, (2) `vwo eo Kiv, (3) wgmIqvK (ùvZ
I gyL cwivi) Kiv, (4) bvKi ga cvwb w`q bvK cwivi Kiv, (5) bL KZb Kiv, (6) `ni Amwwj aZ Kiv,
(7) eMji wbPi Pzj cwivi Kiv, (8) bvwfi wbPi Pzj gyb Kiv, (9) cvwb eenvi Ki kPKvh Kiv ... Ges (10) Kzw j
Kiv|
Dch y nv`xmwj _K `vwo ivLvi iZ mnRB Abyaveb Kiv hvq| G mKj nv`xm weklfve gykwiK I AwM -
DcvmKì weivwaZv KiZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ| Gi evLvq Beby nvRvi AvmKvjvbx ejb, AwMDcvmK-gykwiKMY
`vwo QU ivLZ| Zvì ga KD KD `vwo gyb KiZ| GRb nv`xm QvU ivLv Ges gyb Kiv Dfq welqB wbla
Kiv nqQ Ges evisevi `vwo eo ivLZ, `vwoK KZbgy ivLZ Ges `vwoK j^v Ki Qo w`Z wb`k Ìqv nqQ|
ZZxq-PZz_ kZKi AbZg cwm gynvwm I dKxn Bgvg Ave~ Rvdi Zvevix (310 wn) ejb, cviwmKMY `vwo
KvUZ Ges nvjKv KiZ, nv`xm Zv wbla Kiv nqQ|
) ev `vwoK gy ivLvi A_ `vwo eo I ewk Kiv| Awfavb GicB ejv G welq Avjvgv kvIKvbx ejb, (
nqQ| eyLvixi GK nv`xm `vwo ewk Kivi wb`k Ìqv nqQ Ges gymwjgi GK nv`xm `vwo c~Y Kivi wb`k Ìqv
nqQ| Gwj meB GKB A_| cviwmK AwM DcvmKì ixwZ wQj `vwo QvU Kiv ev QvUv| GRb Bmjvgx kixqZ Gic KiZ
wbla Kiv nqQ Ges `vwo eo ivLZ wb`k w`qQ|
) ev `vwoK gy ivLvi A_ `vwo wbgMvgx Ki Qo Ìqv Avjvgv kvgmyj n Avhxg Avev`x ejb, (
om
I ewk Kiv| `yB M ev Kcvj I wPeyKi PzjK wjnBqv (`vwo) ejv nq|.... cviwmKì ixwZ wQj `vwo QvUv| GRb
Bmjvg Zv wbla KiQ Ges `vwo eo KiZ wb`k w`qQ|
.c
5. 2. 2. dKxnMYi gZvgZ
st
Dch y nv`xmwji AvjvK gymwjg Dvni dKxnMY GKgZ h, `vwo eo Kiv gymwjgi iZcY~ `vwqZ Ges
`vwo gyb Kiv ev GKgyw-Kg Ki ivLv wbwl| G `vwqZ I wblai cvwifvwlK gvv wbaviY Zvì ga h gZf`
tru
`Lv hvq Zv GKeviB cvwifvwlK| AbK dKxn nv`xm viv wb`wkZ iZcY~ KgK dih ejZ Avcw Kib wb|
Ab AbK Gic KgK dih bv ej IqvwRe ejQb| AbK nv`xm wb`wkZ KgK mybv Z ejQb Ges mybv ZK
h
`yBfvM KiQb IqvwRe mybvZ I gymZvnve mybv Z| IqvwRe mybv Z cwiZvM Kiv Zviv Mvbvni KvR ej MY KiQb|
na
Aciw`K AbK KziAvb ev nv`xm fve nvivg k eeZ nq wb, A_P weklfve wbla Kiv nqQ,
Gic wbwl KgK nvivg ejZ Avcw KiZb| Gic KgK Zviv gvKin ejZb Ges gvKin ejZ gvKin
un
Zvnixgx ev nvivg chvqi AcQ`bxq eySvZb| Ab AbK Gic KgK nvivg ejZ Avcw Kib wb|
cvwifvwlK G g~jbxwZi AvjvK Kvbv Kvbv dKxn `vwo ivLv dih ej DjL KiQb| KD Zv IqvwRe
ss
ejQb Ges KD Zv mybv Z ejQb| `vwo KvUv ev QvUvi welq KD ejQb Zv nvivg Ges KD ejQb gvKin|
cg wnRix kZKi cwm gynvwm I dKxn Beby nvh&g hvwnix Avjx Beby Avng` (456wn) ejb, `vwo Qo
.a
Ìqv I Muvd KZb Kiv dih|...

w
PZz_ wnRix kZKi AbZg gynvwm I dKxn Ave~ AvIqvbv BqvKe Beby BmnvK (316 wn) ejb, ... Muvd KZb
Kiv Ges Zv QvU Kiv IqvwRe, `vwo eo Kiv IqvwRe...|
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l wnRix kZKi cwm gynvwm I gvwjKx dKxn Kvwh Bqvh ejb, `vwo gyb Kiv, KvUv ev cvovbv gvKin|
w
Ze `vwoi `N I c _K wKQz KvUv fvj| `vwo KvUv ev QvUv hgb gvKin, Zgwb cwmwi Rb Zv ewk eo KivI
gvKin| c~ee Zx mvjd mvjnxb `vwo KZ `xN Kiv Riix Zv wbaviYi welq gZf` KiQb| AbK `vwoi Kvbv mxgv
wbaviY Kib wb, hZ eoB nvK Qo w`Z ejQb, Ze cwmwi gZ gvvwZwi `xN nj QvUvi AbygwZ w`qQb| Ab
AbK GK gywK `vwoi mxgv ej wbaviY KiQb| Zvì gZ GKgywi AwZwi `vwo KU djv ne| AbK n ev
Dgiv Qvov Ab mgq `vwo Kvbvfve QvUv ev QvU Kiv gvKin ej MY KiQb|
GKv`k wnRix kZKi cwm nv^vjx dKxn gvbm~i eynZ ~ x (1051 wn) ejb, mybv Z njv `vwo eo Kiv, Ggb fve
Contents

h KvbvfveB `vwoi wKQyB KZb Kie bv| GB gvhnvei gZ, Ze hw` GKevi Akvfbxq j^v nq hvq Zvnj wfb
K_v| `vwo gyb Kiv nvivg| ... GK gywi AwZwi `vwo KZb Kiv gvKin bq|
GKv`k kZKi cwm nvbvdx dKxn AvjvDxb nvmKvdx (1088) Zuvi cwm M Av`-`yi&ij gyLZvi-Gi wjLQb,
`vwo j^v Kivi mybv Z-mZ cwigvY GK gyw| wbnvBqv M GKgywi AwZwi `vwo KZb Kiv IqvwRe ej DjL Kiv nqQ|
Avi GK gywi Kg cwigvY `vwo QvUv KDB ea ejb wb| giv Aji wKQz gvbyl Ges gqì AbyKiYwcq wKQz wnRov cyil
Gic memZfve wbwl Kg wj nq|
qv`k wnRix kZKi mycw m nvbvdx dKxn Beby Ave`xb gynvv` Avgxb (1256 wn) DjL KiQb h, `vwoi
GK gywi AwZwi KZb KivB mybv Z| Avi cyiy li Rb `vwo KvUv nvivg|
Abvb mKj dKxn cvq GKB K_v ejQb| Zuvì eei AvjvK Avgiv wbgi welqwj eySZ cvwi:
(1) dKxnMY GKgZ h `vwo ivLv Bev`Z (dih, IqvwRe A_ev mybv Z)| Ze G Bev`Zi mxgvi welq Zuviv
gZf` KiQb| KD ejQb `vwoi `Ni Kvbv mxgv bB| hZ eoB nvK Zv QvUv hve bv| ay AMvQvjv `vwo QvUv
hve| KD ejQb G Bev`Zi mxgv GKgyw ch| Gi AwZwi `vwo KU djvB mybvZ|
(2) dKxnMY mKjB `vwo KvUv ev gyb Kiv wbwl ej DjL KiQb (nvivg ev gvKin Zvnixgx)|
(3) AbK dKxn GKgywi AwZwi `vwo KvUv ea, Dg ev IqvwRe ej DjL KiQb|
(4) Kvbv gynvwm, dKxn, Bgvg ev Avwjg GK gywi Kg `vwo ivLvi my AbygwZ w`qQb ej Rvbv hvq bv|
om
hviv `vwo _K wKQz QvUvi AbygwZ w`qQb Zvì cv q mKjB myfve DjL KiQb h, GKgywi AwZwiB ay
KvUv hve| wZxq-ZZxq kZKi Kvbv Kvbv dKxn gywi K_v DjL bv Ki mvgvb QvUv hve, ev gykwiKì AbyKiY
bv nq Gic QvUv hve ej DjL KiQb|
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(5) cwm Pvi gvhnvei ga nv^vjx I kvwdqx gvhnvei Avwjgì gZ `vwo hZ eoB nvK Zv QvUv ev KvUv hve
bv; KviY ivm~jjy v n Zv eo KiZ I j^v KiZ wb`k w`qQb, Kvbvfve Zv KvUZ ev QvUZ AbygwZ `b wb| nv^vjx
st
gvhnvei Ab GKwU eYbv I gvwjwK gvhnve Abymvi GKgywi AwZwi `vwo KZb Kiv ea ev gyevn| nvbvdx gvhnvei
tru `wZ GKgywi AwZwi `vwo KZb KivB mybv Z|
(6) hviv GK gywi AwZwi `vwo QvUv Rvqh ejQb Zuviv Beby Dgvii (iv) KgK cgvY wnme ck Kib|
h
Avgiv `LwQ h, wZwb n ev Dgivi kl gv_v gybi mgq GK gywi AwZwi `vwo KZb KiZb| Ave~ ivBivI (iv)
na
n-Dgivi kl Gic KiZb ej MnYhvM mb` ewYZ nqQ|

c_g gZi mg_KMY Zuvì G KgK n-Dgivi wekl Kg wnme MY Kib| `xNw`b Bnivg Aevq _vKvi
un
KviY ^fveZB `vwo AMvQvjv nq co| GQvov ni kl gv_vi Pzj gyb Kiv ni AweQ` Ask| KvRB Gi
mv_ `vwoK cwicvwU Kiv ^vfvweK| Zuviv ejb, Gviv XvjvIfve GKgywi AwZwi `vwo KZb Kivi AbygwZ Ìqv hvq
ss
bv| XvjvIfve GKgywi AwZwi `vwo KZbi AbygwZ c`vbi A_ ivm~jjy v n -Gi wb`kK jNb Kiv I msKzwPZ
Kiv|
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Rvwei (iv)-Gi ee Zvì G evLv mg_b Ki| wZwb ejb,

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Avgiv n A_ev Dgiv Qvov mevevq Szj cov `vwo Qo ivLZvg, `vwoi `N _K wKQB KvUZvg bv| nv`xmwUi
w
mb` nvmvb|
`vwo QvUvi welq ivm~jjy v n _K GKwU nv`xm ewYZ nqQ| Bgvg wZiwghx Zuvi mybvb Mb ejb: AvgvìK
nvbv` ejQb, AvgvìK Dgvi Beby nvib ejQb, wZwb Dmvgv Beby hvB` _K, wZwb Avgi Beby AvBe _K, wZwb Zuvi
wcZv _K, Zuvi `v`v _K,

ivm~jjy v n () wbRi ùvwoi `N I c _K MnY KiZb (KvUZb)|
Bgvg wZiwghx nv`xmwU DZ Ki ejb: G nv`xmwU Mixe (AcwiwPZ)| Avwg gynvv` Beby BmgvCj (Bgvg
Contents

)| Zvi ewYZ hZ nv`xm Avwg RbwQ, eyLvix)-K ejZ bwQ, Dgvi Beby nvib KvbviKg PjbmB ivex (
mewjiB Kvbv bv Kvbv wfw cvIqv hvq| wK G nv`xmwUi Kvbvic wfw cvIqv hvq bv| Avi G nv`xmwU Dgvi Beby
nvib Qvov Avi Kviv m~ Rvbv hvq bv|
Bgvg wZiwghxi AvjvPbv _K Avgiv wZbwU welq RvbZ cvwi: (1) G nv`xmwU GKgv Dgvi Beby nvib Qvov
Ab Kvbv m~ ewYZ nq wb| GKgv wZwbB `vwe KiQb h, Dmvgv Beby hvB` Avj-jvBmx ZvK G nv`xmwU ejQb|
(2) Bgvg eyLvixi gZ Dgvi Beby nvib GKevi cwiZ ivex bb| (3) Dgvi Beby nvib ewYZ Abvb nv`xmi wfw
cvIqv MjI G nv`xmwU GKeviB wfwnxb|
G nv`xmwUi wfwnxbZvi welq Abvb gynvwm Bgvg eyLvixi mv_ GKgZ njI, Dgvi Beby nvib Beby Bqvwh`
evjLx (194 wn) bvgK G ivexi MnYhvMZvi welq Zuviv Zuvi mv_ GKgZ nb wb| AwaKvsk gynvwm G ewK BQvKZ
wg_vev`x I nv`xm RvwjqvZKvix ej DjL KiQb| Zvi ewYZ G nv`xm I Abvb nv`xm Zuviv gvDh~ ev Rvj ej MY
KiQb| G welq Avwg nv`xmi bvg RvwjqvwZ M wevwiZ AvjvPbv KiwQ|
mevevq ZvweqxMYi hyM _K AbK dKxn GKgywi AwZwi `vwo KZb KiQb ev mg_b KiQb|
5. 2. 3. mgKvjxb ceYZv
Gfve gymwjg Dvni AvwjgMY HKgZ cvlY KiQb h, mnxn nv`xmmg~ni wb`kvbymvi `vwo cwZcvjb Kiv
gywgbi Rb GKwU iZcY~ `vwqZ Ges Zv gyb Kiv Mvbvni KvR| Avgiv Rvwb h, hvì weivwaZv KiZ ivm~jyjv n
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wb`k `b mB `vwo-wenxb RvwZ GLb wek mvgwMK cvavb jvf KiQ| gymwjg `kwjZI cvvZ Rxeb-ixwZi cfve
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AavwgK gvbyl QvovI AbK avwgK ev `xb`vi gvbylI `vwo KvUb|
dKxnì ee _K Rvbv hvq h, AZxZi wewfb mgq gymwjg mgvRi KD KD `vwo QvUZb ev gyb
st
KiZb| mg wnRix kZKi cwm dKxn Ave~ kvgv (665 wn) ejb, AwM DcvmKì _K ewYZ nqwQj h, Zviv
tru
Zvì `vwo KvUZ ev QvU KiZ| eZgvb wKQz gvbyli De nqQ hviv Zvì PqI KwVbZi KvR Ki, Zviv Zvì
`vwo gyb Ki|
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G _K eySv hvq h, 7g kZKiI gymwjg mgvR `vwo gybi cPjb wQj| Avgiv `LwQ h, GKv`k kZKi
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dKxn AvjvDxb nvmKvdx wjLQb, GK gywi Kg cwigvY `vwo QvUv KDB ea ejb wb| giv Aji wKQz gvbyl Ges
gqì AbyKiYwcq wKQz wnRov cyil Gic memZfve wbwl Kg wj nq|
un
G _K Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, `vwo QvU ivLv ev gyb Kiv Dfq cKvii KgB c~ee Zx mgq we`gvb wQj| Ze
eZgvb hyMi `vwo KvUvi ceYZvi mv_ AZxZ hyMi ceYZvi gwjK wKQz cv_K iqQ:
ss
c_gZ, AZxZ Kvj `vwo QvUv ev gyb Kiv gvbyli msLv Zzjbvg~jKfve Kg wQj|
wZxqZ, ag-wegyL gymwjgMYB `vwo KvUZ ev QvUZ, avwgK ev `xb`vi gymwjgMY KLbvB Zv KiZ bv|
.a
ZZxqZ, `vwo QvUv ev KvUv gywgbi ewMZ wePywZ wnme MY Kiv nZv| KLbvB Kvbv Avwjg `vwo KvUv ev QvUv
ea ej gZ cKvk Kib wb| dj Kvbv `vwo KvUv gymwjg Zvi KgK Bmjvg-mZ ej wPv Kivi myhvM cvb wb|
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eZgvb hyM Aevi cwieZb NUQ| `vwo gybi ceYZv ewi mv_ mv_ Gi c wewfb Bmjvgx hyw cqvMi
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ceYZv ew cqQ| `vwoi QvUv ev KvUvi c KLbv wewfb AveMx hyw ck Kiv nq| KLbv `wjj cgvY ck Kiv nq|
w
5. 2. 3. 1. `vwo ivLvi iZ jvNe

Avgiv Rvwb h, mKj gywgb Bmjvgi mKj weavb c~Yic cvjb KiZ cvib bv| Kgewk wePzwZ AbKi gaB
_vK| AbK gymwjgB AviKvb Bmjvg, Abvb dih ev IqvwRe Bev`Z cvjb Aenjv ev wU Kib, A_ev nvivg ev
gvKin Zvnixgx Kg wbcwZZ nb| Ze Zviv GwjK Aciva Ges cvc RbB Kib| dj GRb Zvi gb cvceva _vK
Ges AbKB ZvIev Kivi myhvM cvb|
wK hLb Kvbv gywgb Zvi cvc ev wePzwZK Bmjvg-mZ ej aviYv Kib, ZLb wZwb ZvIevi myhvM _K
wPiZi ewZ nb| GQvov AbK mgq Bmjvgi my wb`k Awekvm Kivi KviY Zvi Cgvb b nZ cvi| hgb gymwjg
mgvR AbK wev dKxi mvjvZ cwiZvM Kiv, g`cvb Kiv, ewfPvi Kiv BZvw` RNb Aciva wewfb hyw w`q ea ev
Dg ej wekvm Ki P~ov wevwi ga wbcwZZ nqQ|
GRb AwaKvsk Avwjg Bmjvgi weavb eYbvi ew ev mgvRi ceYZvi w`K bv ZvwKq KziAvb-mybvni
Contents

AvjvK weavb eYbv KiQb| ewi AcviMZv ev AwbQvK Zvi wbRi Rb Qo w`qQb| Avevi Kvbv Kvbv Avwjg
hyMi ceYZvK ea Kivi Pv KiQb| G welq wKQz D`vniY Avwg GnBqvDm mybvb M DjL KiwQ|
`vwo gybi mgKvjxb ceYZvi viv cfvweZ bv nq AwaKvsk AvwjgB `vwoi welq nv`xm I mvnvex-ZvweqxMYi
gZvgZi AvjvK wmv c`vb KiQb| cvi eZgvb hyM wKQz Avwjg Bmjvg-K mnR, hywMvn I AwaKZi
MnYhvM Ki Zzj aivi Dk, A_ev cvvZ msw Z viv cfvweZ nq `vwo gyb ev QvUvi c gZvgZ cKvk
KiQb| Kvbv Kvbv Avwjg Qwe, g~wZ, Mvb-evRbv, evsKi my` BZvw` ea Kivi bvq `vwo gybI ea Ki w`qQb|
Zuvì gZ, `vwo ivLv Bmjvg Kvbv Riix welq bq| Zv IqvwRe chvqi mybv Z bq, eis Zv gymZvnve chvqi mybv Z
gv, hv cwiZvM Kij Kvbv Mvbvn ne bv|
Zuviv Zuvì gZi c Dchy Avqkv (iv) ewYZ nv`xmwU DjL Kib| Avgiv `LwQ h, D nv`xm ejv
nqQ: `kwU Kg wdZivZ ev gvbexq cKwZ wb`wkZ Kg: (1) Muvd KZb Kiv, (2) `vwo eo Kiv, (3) gmIqvK Kiv,
(4) bvKi ga cvwb w`q bvK cwivi Kiv, (5) bL KZb Kiv, (6) `ni Amwwj aZ Kiv, (7) eMji wbPi Pzj
cwivi Kiv, (8) bvwfi wbPi Pzj gyb Kiv, (9) cvwb eenvi Ki kPKvh Kiv ... Ges (10) Kzwj Kiv|
Zuviv ejb, gmIqvK Kiv, bvK cwivi Kiv, Kzwj Kiv, bL KvUv BZvwì bvq `vwo ivLvI gymZvnve chvqi Kg| GK
IqvwRe chvqi gb Kiv fyj| Zuvì G `vwe Zuvì AZv ev cvvZi AbyKiYwcqZvq Zuvì AZ cgvY Ki| GLvb wbgi
welqwj jYxq:
om
c_gZ, G nv`xm DwjwLZ 10 wU Kgi KvbvwUB gyvnve chvqi bq| eis mewjB IqvwRe chvqi `vwqZ|
cv_K ay Kgi cKw Z Abymvi cbtcyb I cybivewi (frequency & repeatation) gvvq| KD wK Kbv KiZ
cvib h, gywgb Rxeb KLbv gmIqvK Kieb bv ev gyL cwivi Kieb bv, bvK cwivi Kieb bv, bL KvUeb bv,
.c
`ni Amwwj aZ Kieb bv, eMji wbPi Pzj cwivi Kieb bv, bvwfi wbPi Pzj gyb Kieb bv, kPKg Kieb
st
bv ev Kzwj Kieb bv? KD wK Kbv KiZ cvib h, G mKj KvR AvRxeb eRb Kij Kviv Mvbvn ne bv?
Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, wdZivZ ev cKwZ wb`wkZ G Kgwj meB IqvwRe chvqi hv eRb Kij AekB
tru
cvc ne| Ze Kgwj IqvwRe nIqvi aib cZK Kgi cKw Z Abymvi c_K|
wZxqZ, G nv`xm kPKgK G mKj cKw Z wb`wkZ Kgi ga DjL Kiv nqQ| Kvbv gymwjg wK Kbv
h
KiZ cvib h, kPKg ev cvwb eenvi gmIqvK ev Amw aZ Kivi gZB GKwU gyvnve Kg? G _K Avgiv
na
eySZ cvwi h, G nv`xm DwjwLZ `kwU Kgi mewj iZMZfve GKB gvbi bq| Ze mewjB cKwZ wb`wkZ ejB
GK mv_ DjL Kiv nqQ| iZi chvq I aib Abvb nv`xmi AvjvK eySZ ne|
un
ZZxqZ, mnxn gymwjg msKwjZ Ab nv`xm LvZbv KivK wdZiZ ev cKw Z wb`wkZ ^fveRvZ Kgi ga
DjL Kiv nqQ| Gviv wK cgvwYZ nq h, LvZbv Kiv GKwU gyv nve chvqi Kg, hv eRb Kij Kvbv `vl nq
ss
bv?
PZz_Z , Bmjvgx kixqZ m`hi Rb Avjvni mw cwieZb ev KwgZv KwVbfve wbla Kiv nqQ| h mKj
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gwnjv Kwg m`h ewi Rb i Pzj Zzjb ev KvUb ZvìK ivm~jjy v n Awfk ej DjL KiQb| G welqK
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wKQz nv`xm Avgiv cieZx AbyQ` AvjvPbv Kie| bvixi Rb i Pzj DVvbv Ges cyili Rb `vwo gyb Kiv DfqB
Kwgfve m`h ewi AcPv| i KqKwU Pzj Zvjv ev KvUv hw` Gic Awfkvci KvR ej MY nq, Ze cyiv
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gyLi `vwowj gyb Ki Avjvni mw cwieZb Kiv I Kwgfve gwnjv ev `vwowenxb hyeK mvRv wbtm`n AwaKZi
w
Awfkvci KvR ej MY ne|

Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, `vwo ivLv, LvZbv Kiv, kPKg Kiv BZvw` KvRK gmIqvK Kiv, Kzwj Kiv BZvw`
KvRi mv_ GK cKw Z wb`wkZ Kg wnme DjL Kivi A_ G bq h, iZi w`K _K mewj GKB chvqi|
wbtm`n mewjB cKw Z wb`wkZ ^fveRvZ IqvwRe Kg| Ze iZ, cbtcyb I cybivewi w`K _K Gwji ga
cv_K iqQ, hv Abvb nv`xm _K Rvbv hvq|
5. 2. 3. 2. `vwo eo ivLvi iZ jvNe
Ab KwZcq Avwjg `vwo ivLvi iZ ^xKvi KiQb, Ze `vwo eo ivLvi iZ A^xKvi KiQb| Zuviv `vwe
KiQb h, QvU-eo h Kvbvfve wKQz `vwo ivLjB G welqK wb`k cvwjZ ne| GìI Dk gnr| Zuviv AvMnx
gvbylì Rb BmjvgK mnR, AwaKZi MnYhvM I AvaywbK mgvReevi DchvMx Ki Zzj aiZ PqQb|
Zvì gZi c cgvY wnme Zviv ejb h, nv`xm `vwo ivLZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ Ges G wb`ki Kvbv
mxgv Kvbvfve wbaviY Kiv nq wb| KvRB hZUzKz `vwo ivLj gvbyli `wZ `vwo ivLv ej MY nq, ZZUzKz `vwo
ivLjB nv`xmi wb`k cvwjZ ne| eo `vwo ev QvU `vwo meB G mgvb|
Contents
`vwo welqK Dci DwjwLZ nv`xmmg~n chvjvPbv Kij Avgiv `LZ cvB h, G gZwU mwVK bq| GLvb
KqKwU welq jYxq:
(1) nv`xm kixd Kv_vI `vwo ivLZ wb`k Ìqv nq wb| eis mKj nv`xm `vwo eo ivLZ, eo KiZ, mq
KiZ, j^v KiZ Ges Szwjq w`Z wb`k Ìqv nqQ| GB eo Kiv, j^v Kiv mq Kiv ev Szwjq Ìqvi
Kvbv mxgv wbaviY Kiv nq wb| GRb Bgvg kvwdqx, Bgvg Avng` Beby nv^vj I Ab AbK dKxn gZ cKvk KiQb
h, `vwo hZ eoB nvK Zv Kvbv AevZB QvU Kiv hve bv| GK gyw, `yB gyw ev Zvi ewk njI bq| KviY GZ
ivm~jjy v n -Gi wb`k jNb Kiv ne| wZwb eo KiZ wb`k w`qQb, `Ni Kvbv mxgv wbav iY Kib wb Ges wbRI
Kvbvfve `vwo QvUb wb|
G gZwU nv`xmi AvjvK kwkvjx| GRb AvaywbK hyMI Kvbv Kvbv nv`xm-wbfi Avwjg G gZ mg_b
KiQb| mw` Aviei cavb gydZx kvBL Avyj Avhxh Beby evh G gZ mg_b Ki ejb, GK gywi AwZwi `vwo KZb
Kiv ea ejv AvcwKi| mwVK gZ GB h, `vwo eo Kiv I KZb-nxbfve Qo Ìqv IqvwRe| Kvbvfve `vwoi Kvbv
Ask KZb Kiv nvivg, GgbwK Zv hw` GK Kwi AwZwiI nq| ... KviY ivm~jyjv n -Gi mnxn nv`xmwj G K_vB wb`k
Ki| ...`y-GKRb mvnvexi Kg w`q mybv Zi wb`k jNb Kiv hvq bv| weklZ, Zvì Kgi Ab evLvi AeKvk
AvQ|
(2) nv`xm kixd myZ `vwo QvU KiZ ev QvUZ wbla Kiv nqQ| Avgiv `LwQ h, mvnvexMY ejb, n
om
Avjvni ivm~j, Bw` bvmviMY `vwo QvU Ki ivL Ges Muvd eo Ki| wZwb ejb: Zvgiv Muvd QvU Ki ivLe Ges
`vwo eo Ki ivLe Ges Bw` bvmvivì weivwaZv Kie| hZUzKz cvie kqZvbi ezì weivwaZv Kie| GLvb
.c
myZB QvU `vwo ivLvi welq kqZvbi ezì weivwaZv KiZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ|
(3) wbRi weeK, hyw I cvwicvwkKZvi cfve _K gy nq hw` Avgiv G welq nv`xm I mvnvexMYi Kg
st
weePbv Kwi, Ze Avgi ^xKvi KiZ eva ne h, `vwo eo ivLvB Bmjvgi wb`k Ges ivm~jjy v n I mvnvexMYi ixwZ|
ivm~jjy v n wbR KLbv `vwo QvUb wb ev QvU Kib wb| `y-GKRb mvnvex n-Dgivq gywi AwZwi `vwo KUQb|
tru
GQvov KLbv Zuviv Kvbvfve `vwo QvUZb ej Rvbv hvq bv| h welq nv`xmi my wb`k iqQ Zv cvjbi
ivm~jjy v n I mvnvexMYi ixwZ-cwZi weivwaZv Kivi AwaKvi wK Avgvì AvQ? Gic weivwaZvK `xb ej MY Kiv
h
na
wK wVK nZ cvi?
(4) nv`xmi wb`kbv Ges mvnvex-ZvweqxMYi gZvgZi AvjvK gymwjg Dvni dKxnMY GKgZ h GKgywi Kg `vwo
un
QvUv wbwl| GKgywi AwZwi `vwo QvUv hve wKbv m welq Zviv gZf` KiQb|
(5) mvnvex-ZvweqxMYi Kg, gZvgZ I c~ee Zx dKxnMYi gZvgZ ev` w`q G welqK nv`xmwji AvjvK KD
ss
hw` bZzbfve BRwZnv` KiZ Pvb Ze ZuvK `ywU gZi GKwU MnY KiZ ne| nq wZwb kvBL Avyj Avhxh Beby evh-
Gi gZ ejeb h, ivm~jjy v n `vwo eo, j^v, Szjvbv ev mwZ KiZ wb`k w`qQb Ges `N, Szj ev mqi mxgv
.a
wbaviY Kib wb| KvRB `vwo hZ eo, j^v I `xNB nvK Zv iL w`Z ne| KvbvfveB Zv QU QvU Kiv hve bv|
A_ev wZwb ejZ cvib h, ivm~jjy v n `vwo eo, j^v, Szjvbv ev mwZ KiZ wb`k w`qQb Ges `N, Szj
w
ev mqi mxgv wbaviY Kib wb| KvRB hZUzKz `vwo ivLj gvbyli `wZ eo `vwo, j^v `vwo, Szjvbv `vwo ev
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mwZ `vwo ej gb ne, ZZUzKz `vwo ivLjB G mKj nv`xmi wb`k cvwjZ ne|
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Ze G mgmv ne eo `vwo ev j^v `vwoi mxgviLv wbq| KD nqZ GK BwKB eo gb Kieb Ges
KD ejeb 4 Bwi Kg `vwo eo ej MY ne bv| ivm~jjy v n -Gi GKwU iZcY~ wb`k I `xbi Gic iZcY~
`vwqZK ewi wbRi `vwe ev eySi Dci Gfve Qo Ìqv hvq bv| Avi GRbB mvnvex-ZvweqxMYK mybv Z cvjb I
eySvi Rb gvb` wnme MnY KiZ ne| gnvb Avjvn KziAvb Kvixg c_g AMeZx gynvwRi I AvbmviMYK Avjvni mw
ARb, mdjZv I RvbvZi Rb AbyKiYxq Av`k I gvb` wnme DjL KiQb| Avi ivm~jjy v n weklfve
Lyjvdvq ivk`xb Ges mvaviYfve Zuvi mvnvexMYK mybv Zi gvb` wnme DjL KiQb| GQvov cieZx `yB cRbi
wekl ghv`v DjL KiQb| G welqK nv`xmwj Avwg GnBqvDm mybvb M wevwiZ AvjvPbv KiwQ|
(6) Gfve Avgiv `LZ cvB h, `vwo QvU ivLj `vwo welqK nv`xmwji wb`k cvwjZ nq bv| Avgiv `vwe
KiwQ bv h, GK gywi Kg `vwo ivLv Avi `vwo GKevi bv ivLv mgvb| Avgiv Rvwb, cyili mZi ev AvIivZ bvfx
_K nvUz ch| G vbUzKz cyivcywi AveZ bv Kij AvIivZ AveZ Kivi dih cvwjZ ne bv| wK ZvB ej nuvUz
AbveZ ivLv, Di AbveZ ivLv Ges cyiv AvIivZ AbveZ ivLv GKB chvqi Aciva bq| Abyicfve `vwo eo bv ivLj
Contents
G welqK nv`xmwji wb`k cyivcywi cvwjZ ne bv| Ze gyb Kivi Pq wKQz ivLv Dg Ges nv`xmi wb`k cvjbi
c_ wKQzUv AMmi nIqv ej MY ne|
5. 2. 3. 3. Bmjvgx AveM I hyw
wbRi wU ev Aciva wbRi gb ev Abi KvQ ^xKvi Kiv LyeB KwVb KvR| Acivaeva _vKjB mskvabi
AvKzwZ Avm| GRb gvbexq cKwZ me`v Pvq wbRi wePzwZi Rb GKwU Ihi ev hyw Lvov KiZ| `vwo-wenxb mfZvi ga
`vwo iL ev eo `vwo iL Amf nZ A^w eva Kib AbK `xb`vi Bmjvgwcq gvbyl| Zviv Zvì bdmvwbqvZK
Bmjvgx jevm civbvi Pv Kib| Zvì GKwU wekl hyw h, `vwo ivLj ev `vwo eo ivLj mvaviY gvbylì ga
Bmjvg cPvi I cwZv evnZ ne| Zviv `vwo ivLvi fq Bmjvg MnY Kie bv|
Gic hyw KwVb AvZce bv Qvov wKQzB bq| cPviKi `vwoi KviY cPvi evavM nj weki Kvbv Bmjvgx `j ev
`vIqvZB cmvwiZ nZv bv| ay `vwo ivLvi KviY hgb Kvbv `ji Afyw Kgwb, Zgwb `vwo gybi dj Kvbv Bmjvg
weivax `j, `k ev kw KLbvB Kvbv Bmjvgx ewZK Avcb ev wjevij ej MnY Ki wb|
GiciI, hw` mwZB `vwoi KviY Ab gvbyli Bmjvg MnY evavM nq, Ze wK Avgvi Rb `vwo KvUv ea ne?
`vwo wenxb e-bvgvhxK Avwg KLbvB `vwoi `vIqvZ wè bv, eis bvgvhi `vIqvZ wè| wK `vwo wenxb ewK `vIqvZ
Ìqvi Rb Avwg `vwo KvUe? g`LviK `vIqvZ Ìqvi Rb Avwg Zvi mv_ g` cvb Kie? GKRb ec`v gwnjvK
ÌqvZ Ìqvi Rb AvwgI ec`v ne? Abi Bmjvg MnYi Avkvq Avwg wK cvc KiZ cvwi? cvc Kiv Zv `~ii K_v,
om
Abi Bmjvg MnYi Avkvq Avwg wK Avgvi Kvbv bdj-gymZvnve Kg cwiZvM KiZ cvwi? ivm~jjy v n ev mvnvexMY
wK KLbv Kvwdiì Bmjvg MnYK mnR Kivi Rb wbRì Zvnvy`, bdj mvjvZ, bdj wmqvg BZvw` ev` w`qQb?
cvimi gvbyliv `vwo QvUZ Ges KvUZ| Zvì ga Bmjvg cPvii Rb ivm~jjy v n ev mvnvexMY wK `vwo
.c
KUQb ev QUQb? ay ZvB bq, Zvì Bmjvg MnYi Avkvq `vwo gybi cwZ Avcw cKvk wK Zviv e iLQb?
st
Bgvg Zvevix Zvi mb` DZ KiQb h, cvimi mgvU ivm~jjy v n -Gi wbKU `yRb `~Z ciY Kib:

tru

h
D `~Zqi `vwo gywZ wQj I Muvd eo wQj| Zviv ivm~jjy v n -Gi wbKU cek Kij wZwb Zvì cwZ
na
`wcvZ KiZ AcQ` Kib| Gici wZwb Zvì w`K ZvwKq ejb, ZvgvìK Gic KiZ K wb`k w`qQ? Zviv
un
ej, Avgvì cfy A_vr mgvU| wZwb ejb, wK Avgvi cfy AvgvK wb`k w`qQb Avgvi `vwo eo KiZ Ges Muvd
KvUZ|
ss
`vwoi welq G mKj K_v AbK AveMx gymwjgi KvQ Lvivc jvM| Zviv ck Kib, `vwoB wK Bmjvg? `vwo
gyb Kij wK gymjgvb _vKv hvq bv? AvwjgMY `vwo wbq GZ K_v ejb Kb? Zuviv ejb, `vwo mK K_v ejv `xb
.a
wbq evovevwo Qvov wKQzB bq| hLvb mviv wek gymwjg Dvn jvwZ I wbhvwZZ, j-KvwU gymwjg Cgvb-nviv, mvjvZ,
wmqvg BZvw` AviKvbyj Bmjvg AenwjZ, mgvR I iv Bmjvg cwZwZ bq... mLvb `vwo wbq K_v ejv agK weKZ
w
Kiv Qvov wKQzB bq... hLb Bmjvg cwZv wbq K_v bB, mLvb `vwo cwZv wbq gvivgvwi Kiv nQ!!!
w
a `vwoi welq bq, c`vi welq, bvgvhi welh ev Abvb welq K_v ejjI ec`v avwgK ev ebvvgvwh avwgK Gic
w
K_v ejb| eZ Kvb& welqi KZUzKz iZ Zv KziAvb I nv`xmi AvjvKB wbaviY KiZ ne, wbRi weeK ev hyw w`q
bq| Kvbv AvwjgB `vwe Kib bv h, `vwoB Bmjvg A_ev `vwoB Bmjvgi cavb Bev`Z| `vwo ivLv Bmjvgi AbK IqvwRe
`vwqZi GKwU `vwqZ| `vwo bv ivLj KD Cgvbnviv nb bv| KD hw` `vwoK Cgvb, mvjvZ, wmqvg, hvKvZ, n, nvjvj
DcvRb, nvivg eRb, ev`vi AwaKvi c`vb BZvw` dih Bev`Zi Pq eo ej gb Kib Ze wbtm`n wZwb wevwi ga
wbcwZZ|
Aciw`K KD hw` `vwoi iZ A^xKvi Kib, `vwo bv iLB wbRK fvj ev `xb`vi gymwjg gb Kib
Ze wZwb Aviv KwVb wevwi ga wbcwZZ| G welq mZK KivB Avgvì Dk| Avgiv Rvwb h, gyw gbi ga cvc
ev wePzwZ _vKvB ^vfvweK| Ze cvcK cvc wnme ^xKvi KiZ ne| Zvnj mskvabi I ZvIevi myhvM nZ cvi|
AZ wbRi wUi KviY gb AbyZvc _vKZ ne| wK gywgb hw` wbRi cvc ev wePzwZK ea, Bmjvg mZ ev
Bmjvgi Rb KjvYKi ej wekvm Kib, Ze wZwb AbK ewk wZM nb|
`vwoi eo ivLvi wb`k I ivm~jjy v n -Gi eo `vwoi eYbv welqK mnxn nv`xmwj cvq gyZvIqvwZi chvqi| G
mKj nv`xmi AvjvK Avgiv wbwZ RvbZ cvwi h, `vwo cwZcvjb Kij gywgb Avjvni mw I gnvb mvIqve jvf Kieb|
`vwo KvUj Mvbvni cwigvY KZUzKz mB wnmve wbq weZK bv Ki, `vwo iL ivm~jjy v n -Gi wb`k cvjb I Zuvi
Contents

AbyKiYi gnvb mvIqve ARbi Rb Pv KivB Cgvbi `vwe| weklZ G Bev`ZwU cvjb KiZ Avgvì Kvb RvMwZK wZ
nQ bv| mgvRi agnxb ev ag weivax gvbyli mvgb mKj ev gvjv ej MY nIqv Qvov mvaviYfve Ab Kvbv wZ
Avgvì nq bv| ivm~jyjv n -Gi wb`k cvjb Kij Avjvn Lywk neb ej Avgiv wbwZ| wK Zuvi wb`k Agvb Kie
Avgiv KvK Lywk KiZ? GKgv kqZvb I Bmjvg weivax gvbyliv Qvov Avi KD wK Lywk neb? gnvb Avjvn AvgvìK Zuvi
mwi c_ cwiPvwjZ Kib|
5. 3. Muvd, bL BZvw`
Dcii nv`xmwjZ Avgiv `LwQ h, ivm~jyjv n Muvd QvUZ, KvUZ ev QvU KiZ wb`k w`qQb| G
welqK GKwU nv`xm Beby Avevm (iv) ejb,

ivm~jjy v n Zuvi Muvd KvUZb ev Muvd _K wKQz MnY KiZb| wZiwghx nv`xmwUK nvmvb ejQb|
Ab nv`xm hvB` Beby AviKvg (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejb,

h ew Zvi Muvd _K wKQz MnY bv Ki (bv KvU) m Avgvì `jfy bq| nv`xmwU mnxn|
om
nv`xmwjZ Muvdi wbgv kwj eenvi Kiv nqQ:
), A_vr QvUv ev wbg~j Kiv|1| (
), A_vr `yej Kiv, QvU Kiv ev kl Kiv|2| (
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), A_vr MnY Kiv ev wKQz Ask KvUv|3| (
st
), A_vr KvUv|3| (
tru
nv`xmi kvewji cv_Ki wfwZ QvUv ev KvUvi mxgv wbaviY gynvwm I dKxnMY gZf` KiQb| Muvd
QvUv, KvUv ev QvU Kiv wZb cKvi nZ cvi:
h
(1) Dcii VuvUi cv cKvwkZ iL Muvd ivLv|
na
(2) KuvwP ev Abyic wKQz w`q Zv Aviv QvU Ki djv|

(3) zi ev eU w`q Zv GKevi gyb Kiv|
un
Kvbv Kvbv dKxn c_g cKvi QvUv Dg ejQb Ges ZZxq cKvii gyb gvKin ej MY KiQb| Ab
AbK wZb cKvii QvUv ev gyb KivB mgvb ea I mybv Z-mZ ej MY KiQb|
ss
G welq cwm nvbvdx dKxn Avng` Beby gynvv` ZvnZvex (1231 wn) ejb, Zvnvex ejQb, Muvd QvU Kiv
) ev gyv nve| GKevi wbgj~ Kivi Pq QvU Kiv Avgiv Dg gb Kwi| kvi wkiAvwZj Bmjvg M ejv nqQ, (
.a
QvU Kiv cvq gyb Kivi gZB| Ze gyb Kivi K_v Kv_vI ewYZ nq wb| eis Kvbv Kvbv Avwjg Zv gvKin gb
w
KiQb Ges Zv weÀvZ ej MY KiQb| Lvwbqv M iqQ, Muvd Ggbfve KvUe hb Dcii VuvUi Dcii cv
i mgvb _vK| GZ Muvd i gZ ne|
w
Muvd, bL BZvw` KZbi mgqmxgv I w`b ZvwiL mK wKQz wb`kbv nv`xm cvIqv hvq| GK nv`xm Avbvm Beby
w
gvwjK (iv) ejb,

Muvd KZb Kiv, bL KvUv, eMj cwivi Kiv I bvwfi wbgi Pzj gyb Kivi welq Avgvì Rb mgq wbaviY
Kiv nqwQj h, Avgiv Gwj 40 (Pwjk) w`bi ewk cwiZvM Kie bv|
G nv`xm mevP mgq 40 w`b wbaviY Kiv nqQ| wK mewbg ev Dg Kvbv mgq AvQ wK? G welq ivm~jjy vn
_K mnxn mb` wKQz ewYZ nq wb| eZ 40 w`bi ga cqvRb I myweav Abymvi G welqK cwiQbZv ARb KijB
Contents
g~j Bev`Z cvwjZ ne| wekl Kvbv w`b ev mgqi wekl Kvbv dhxjZ bB| Ze ivm~jjy v n _K `yej mb` ewYZ
nqQ h, wZwb evi Muvd KvUZb I AvbylwK cwiQbZv ARb KiZb| Ave~ ivBivi (iv) m~ ewYZ nqQ,

ivm~jjy v n evi mvjvZzj Rygy Avi Rb ei nIqvi AvM wbR bL KvUZb Ges wbR Muvd QvUZb|
nv`xmwUi mb` `yej |
Ab nv`xm Zvweqx gynvv` Avj-evwKi (114 wn) ejb,

ivm~jjy v n evi Zuvi Muvd QvUZ Ges bL KvUZ cQ` KiZb| nv`xmwUi mb` `yej |
Ab nv`xm Zvweqx bvwd ejb,

om
Avyjv n Beby Dgvi (iv) cwZ evi Zuvi bL KvUZb Ges Muvd QvUZb| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|
Abyicfve Ab Aviv KqKRb mvnvex _KI ewYZ nqQ h, Zuviv evi Muvd QvUZb I bL KvUZb|
.c
GKwU AZ `yej mbì nv`xm enwZevi bL BZvw` KZbi Drmvn Ìqv nqQ| Avjx (iv)-Gi m~ ewYZ G
st
nv`xm ejv nqQ:

tru

h
na
bL KvUv, eMj cwivi Kiv, bvwfi wbgi Pzj gyb Kiv enwZevi| Avi myMw I cvkvK evi|
GLvb DjL h, evi Muvd, bL BZvw` KvUvi welq ivm~jjy v n -Gi Kg Ges mvnvexMYi Kg welqK Dcii
un
nv`xmwj mnxn ev hqxd mb` ewYZ njI, G w`b G mKj Kgi wekl dhxjZ ev AwZwi mvIqve welqK Kvbvic Kvbv
eYbv mnxn ev MnYhvM m~ ewYZ nq wb| G welq Rvj ev AZ `yej `y GKwU eYbv cvIqv hvq| g~jZ hLb cqvRb ne
ss
ZLbB Muvd, bL BZvw` KZb KivB gymZvnve| G welq Avjvgv Beby nvRvi AvmKvjvbx ejb, enwZevi
bL KvUv gymZvnve nIqvi welq Kvbv eYbv cgvwYZ nq wb| G welqK eYbvi mb` AvZ....| G welq
.a
evi welqK h eYbv iqQ Zv AcvKZ AwaKZi MnYhvM|.. wbfi Kivi gZ K_v GB h, welqwU
gymwjgi Rb Dby| hfve cqvRb mfve KivB gymZvnve|
w
GLvb Aviv DjL h, bL KvUvi cwZ mKI Kvbv wb`kbv ivm~jyjvn _K mnxn ev
w
MnYhvM mb` ewYZ nq wb| G welq hv wKQz ejv nq meB evbvqvU I wfwnxb| G welq nv`xmi bvg
w
RvwjqvwZ M AvjvPbv KiwQ|

5. 4. , cvcwo, Dw I bvK-Kvb duvovbv
BZvc~e Avgiv DjL KiwQ h, ivm~jyjv n m`h PPvi KwgZv weklfve wbla
KiQb| GRb ev cvcwo Zzj djZ, `n KU Dw jvMvZ, ùvZi gvS Kwg duvK Zwi KiZ ev
Abyic mKj KwgZv wZwb wbla KiQb| Avyjvn Beby gvmE` (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb,

Contents

h mKj bvix Dw KvU, h mKj bvix AbK w`q wbRi `n Dw KvUvq, h mKj bvix Kcvj
ev i Pzj DVvq ev wPKb Ki, h mKj bvix AbK w`q wbRi Kcvj ev Pzj DVvq ev wPKb Ki Ges
h mKj bvix Kwgfve ùvZi ga duvK Zwi Ki, hviv Gfve m`hi Rb G mKj KvR Ki Avjvni
mw cwieZb Ki ZvìK Avjvn Awfk KiQb|
cyil ev bvixi `n cvwb wbivaK ev vqx is w`q wKQz AvuKv ev jLv, m~P, GwmW ev Abyic wKQz
KwgKvj eenvi Ki `n wKQz AvuKv, jLv, Lv`vB Kiv BZvw` meB G chvqi nvivg I AwfkvchvM Kg|
Dcii nv`xmwji AvjvK gymwjg Dvni dKxnMY HKgZ cvlY KiQb h, cyili ev cy
wki Kvb, bvK BZvw` wQ` Kiv nvivg| gqì welq Zuviv gZf` KiQb| Bgvg kvwdqx I Ab
AbK dKxn gwnjvì I Kvb wQ` Kiv nvivg ej MY KiQb| Dcii nv`xm Ges G A_ ewYZ
Abvb nv`xmK Zuviv cgvY wnme ck KiQb| G mKj nv`xm m`hi Rb KwgZv, `n wQ` Kiv
Ges m`hi Rb Avjvni mwi ga cwieZb, KZb ev Z mw Kiv wbwl Kiv nqQ| Avi Kvb wQ`
Kiv G chvqiB Kg|
cvi Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv, Bgvg Avng` Beby nv^vj I Abvb AbK dKxn Kbv wk I
om
gwnjvì Kvb wQ` Kiv ea ej gZ cKvk KiQb| Zuviv ejb, wewfb nv`xm _K Rvbv hvq h,
ivm~jyjvn -Gi mgq gymwjg gwnjviv Kvb `yj cwiavb KiZb| evnZ Zviv Kvb wQ` KiB `yj
cwiavb KiZb| ivm~jyjvn G welq Kvbv Avcw ev wbla Rvbvb wb| GZ eySv hvq h, gqì
.c
Rb Kvb wQ` Kiv Abygvw`Z| GKwU `yej mbì nv`xm Kvb wQ` Kivi c Beby Avevm (iv)-Gi GKwU
gZ ewYZ nqQ|
st
gwnjvì bvK wQ` Ki bvK Ajvi cwiavbi welq cvPxb AvwjgMY wKQz ejb wb| KviY Avie I
tru
ga Gwkqvi gymwjg `kwjZ Gi cPjb wQj bv Ges GLbv bB| qv`k wnRix kZKi nvbvdx dKxn Beby
Ave`xb gynvv` Avgxb (1256 wn) DjL KiQb h, gwnjvì Rb Kvb duvovbvi bvq bvK duvovbvI ea
h
nIqv DwPZ|
na
kl K_v
un
cvkvK-cwiQ` I `wnK cvwicvU welqK Avgvì G AvjvPbv GLvbB kl KiwQ| G cy Ki ga

hw` KjvYKi wKQz _K _vK Zv ay gnvb cwZcvjK Avjvn Rvjv Rvjvjyi `qv I ZvIdxKi KviYB| Avi
ss
Gi ga hv wKQy fyj, vw AvQ meB Avgvi AhvMZvi KviY Ges kqZvbi KviY| Avwg iveyj Avjvgxbi
ìevi mKj fyj, Abvq I wevw _K ZvIev KiwQ Ges gv cv_bv KiwQ|
.a
gwngvgq cfy Avjvni ìevi mKvZi cv_bv, wZb `qv Ki G z` cPv Keyj Ki GK Avgvi,
Avgvi wcZvgvZv, x-mvb, AvZxq-^Rb, hvìK Avwg Avjvni Iqv fvjevwm I hviv AvgvK Avjvni
w
Iqv fvjevmb Zuvì mKji Ges cvVK-cvwVKvMYi bvRvZi Imxjv evwbq w`b| Avwgb! Avjvni
w
gnvb ivm~ji Rb Ges Zuvi mvnvex I cwiRbì Rb mvjvZ I mvjvg| c_g I kl me`v I me mKj cksmv
w
RMrmg~ni cwZcvjK Avjvni wbwg|
Contents
Mcw
om
G M iPbvq h mKj Mi DwZ Ìqv nqQ m mKj Mi GKwU gvUvgywU ZvwjKv wb c`vb Kiv njv| cvVK I
MelKì myweav_ Mv KviMYi gZz ZvwiLi wfwZ HwZnvwmK g Abymvi mvRvbv njv| gnvb Avjvn GmKj Bgvg, Avwjg I
Mv KviK Adzi ingZ, gvMwdivZ I ghv`v c`vb Kib, huvì iL hvIqv vb-mg~` _K mvgvb wKQy bywo Kzwoq G M
.c
mvwRqwQ|
1. Avj-KziAvbyj Kvixg|
st
2. Avey nvbxdv, bygvb Beby mvweZ (150 wn), Avj-gymbv`, kvi gyjvn Avjx Kvix, (eiZ, `vij KzZzwej Bjwgqvn)
tru
3. gvgvi Beby ivwk` (151 wn ), Avj-Rvwg (eiZ, Avj-gvKZveyj Bmjvgx, 2q cKvk, 1403 wn)
4. Ave~ BDm~d, BqvKe Beby Beivnxg (182wn), wKZveyj Avmvi (eiZ, `vij KzZwej Bjwgqvn, 1g cKvk, 1355 wn)
5. gvwjK Beby Avbvm (179 wn), Avj-gyAvv (wgmi, `vi GnBqvwqZ Zzivm Avj-Avivex)
h
6. Bebyj gyevivK, Avyjvn (181 wn), Avh-hyn` (eiZ, `vij KzZwz ej Bjwgqvn)
na
7. gynvv` Beby nvmvb (189 wn), Avj-gvem~Z (KivPx, B`vivZzj KziAvb)

8. kvwdqx, gynvv` Beby Bìxm (204 wn), wKZveyj D (eiZ, `vij gvwidvn, 2q gy`Y, 1393 wn)
un
9. Avyi ivhhvK mvbAvbx (211 wn), Avj-gymvbvd (eiZ, Avj-gvKZveyj Bmjvgx, 2q cKvk, 1403 wn)
10. Ave~ DevB` Kvwmg Beby mvjvg Avj-nvivex (224 wn), Mixeyj nv`xm (fviZ,nvB`vivev`, `vqivZzj gvAvwid Avj-
ss
Dmgvwbqv, 1966)
11. mvB` Beby gvbm~i (227 wn), Avm-mybvb (wiqv`, `vij DmvBgx, 1g cKvk, 1414 wn)
.a
12. Beby mv`, gynvv` (230 wn) AvZ-ZvevKvZzj Kzeiv (eiZ, `vi mvwì)
13. Beby mv`, AvZ-ZvevKvZzj Kzeiv, Avj-wKmgyj gyZvwg (g`xbv gybvIqviv, gvKZvevZzj Dj~g Iqvj wnKvg, 2q cKvk,
w
1408)
w
14. Bebyj Rv`, Avjx Bebyj Rv` Avj-RvInvix (230 wn), Avj-gymbv` (eiZ, gyAvmmvmvZz bvwì, 1g cKvk, 1990)
15. Beby Avex kvBev, Avey evKi Avyjv n Beby gynvv` (235 wn), Avj-gymvbvd (mw` Avie, gvKZvevZzi ik`, 1g cKvk,
w
1409 wn)
16. BmnvK Beby ivnIqvBn (238 wn), Avj-gymbv` (g`xbv gybvIqviv, gvKZvevZzj Cgvb, 1g cKvk, 1995)
17. Avng` Beby nv^vj (241wn), Avj-gymbv` (KvBiv, gyAvmmvmvZz KziZzevn, I `vij gvAvwid, 1958)
18. Avng` Beby nv^vj, Avj-Bjvg I gvwidvZzi wiRvj (eiZ, Avj-gvKZveyj Bmjvgx, 1g cKvk, 1988)
19. nvbv` Beby Avm-myiix (243wn), Avh-hyn` (KzqZ, `vij Lyjvdv, 1g cKvk, 1406wn)
20. Ave` Beby gvB` (249 wn), Avj-gymbv` (KvBiv, gvKZvevZzm mybv n, 1g cKvk, 1988)
21. eyLvix, gynvv` Beby BmgvCj (256 wn), Avm-mnxn (eiZ, `vi Kvmxi, Bqvgvn, 2q cKvk, 1987)
22. eyLvix, gynvv` Beby BmgvCj, Avj-Av`veyj gydiv` (eiZ, `vij evkvBi Avj-Bmjvwgqvn, 3q gy`Y , 1989)
23. eyLvix, AvZ-ZvixLyj Kvexi (eiZ, `vij wdKi)
24. gymwjg Bebyj nvvR (261wn), Avm-mnxn (KvBiv, `vi GnBqvBj KzZwz ej Avivweqv)
25. gymwjg Bebyj nvvR, Avj-gybdvwi`vZ Iqvj Dn`vb (eiZ, `vij KzZzwej Bjwgqvn, 1g cKvk, 1988)
26. Avey `vD`, myjvBgvb Beby AvkAvm (275wn), Avm-mybvb (eiZ, `vij wdKi)
27. Avey `vD`, myjvBgvb Beby AvkAvm, Avj-gvivmxj (eiZ, gyAvm&mvmvZzi wimvjvn, 1g cKvk 1408 wn)
28. Beby gvRvn, gynvv` Beby Bqvwh` (275 wn.), Avm-mybvb (eiZ, `vij wdKi)
29. wZiwghx, gynvv` Beby Cmv (279 wn), Avm-mybvb (eiZ, `vi GnBqvBZ Zzivm Avj-Avivex)
Contents

30. wZiwghx, gynvv` Beby Cmv, Avj-kvgvBj Avj-gynvvw`qvn (gv gyKviivgvn, Avj-gvKZvevn Avj-wZRvwiqvn, 4_ gy`b,
1996)
31. wZiwghx, gynvv` Beby Cmv, BjvjyZ wZiwghx Avj-Kvexi (eiZ, Avjvgyj KzZze, Avey Zvwje Kvhx, 1g cKvk, 1989)
32. Avey eKi Kzivkx, Avyjv n Beby gynvv` (281 wn), gvKvwigyj AvLjvK (KvBiv, wgmi, gvKZvevZzj KziAvb 1411/1990)
33. kvBevbx, Avng` Beby Avgi (287 wn), Avj-Avnv` Iqvj gvmvbx (wiqv`, `vii ivqvn, 1g cKvk, 1991)
34. evhhvi, Avey eKi Avng` Beby Avgi (292 wn) Avj-gymbv` (eiZ, gyAvmmvmvZz Djywgj KziAvb, 1g cKvk, 1409 wn)
35. Avmjvg Beby mvnj, Aveyj nvmvb (292wn), ZvixLy IqvwmZ (eiZ, Avjvgyj KzZez , 1g cKvk, 1406wn)
36. gynvv` Beby bvmi Avj-gviIqvhx (294wn:), Zvhxgy Kv`wim mvjvZ (g`xbv gybvIqviv, gvKZvevZz` `vi, 1g cKvk,
1406wn:)
37. nvKxg wZiwghx, gynvv` Beby Avjx (300 wn), bvIqvwìj Dm~j (eiZ, `vij Rxj, 1g cKvk, 1992)
38. bvmvC, Avng` Beby AvBe (303 wn) Avm-mybvbyj Kzeiv (eiZ, `vij KzZzwej Bjwgqvn, 1g cKvk 1991)
39. bvmvC, Avng` Beby AvBe, Avm-mybvb (wmwiqv, nvjve, gvKZveyj gvZe~AvZ Avj-Bmjvwgqvn, 2q cKvk, 1986)
40. Bebyj Rvi`, Avyjv n Beby Avjx (307wn) Avj-gybZvKv (eiZ, gyAvm&mvZzj wKZve Avm-mvKvwdqvn, 1g cKvk, 1988)
41. Avey Bqvjv Avj-gvDwmjx, Avng` Beby Avjx (307 wn), Avj-gymbv` (`vgkK, `vij gvg~b, 1g cKvk, 1984)
42. Zvevix, Avey Rvdi gynvv` Beby Rvixi (310 wn), Zvdmxi: RvwgDj evqvb (eiZ, `vij wdKi, 1405 wn)
43. Zvevix, ZvixLyj Dgvwg Iqvj gyjK ~ (eiZ, `vij KzZwz ej Bjwgqvn, 1g cKvk, 1407 wn)
om
44. Beby LyhvBgv, Avey eKi gynvv` Beby BmnvK (311 wn), Avm-mnxn (eiZ, Avj-gvKZveyj Bmjvgx, 1970)
45. Avey AvIqvbv, BqvKe Beby BmnvK (316), Avj-gymbv` (eiZ, `vij gvwidvn, 1g cKvk, 1988)
46. Zvnvex, Avey Rvdi Avng` Beby gynvv` (321 wn), kvi gvAvbxj Avmvi (eiZ, `vij KzZzwej Bjwgqvn, 1g cKvk,
.c
1399 wn)
47. Beby Avex nvwZg, Avyi ivngvb Beby gynvv` (327 wn), Avj-Rvi IqvZ Zv`xj (eiZ, `vi GnBqvwqZ Zzivm Avj-Avivex,
st
1g cKvk, 1952)
48. Beby Avex nvwZg, Avj-Bjvj (eiZ, `vij gvwidvn, 1405 wn) tru
49. kvkx, nvBmvg Beby KzjvBe (335 wn), gymbv`yk kvkx (gvKZvevZzj Dj~g Iqvj wnKvg, g`xbv gybvIqviv, 1g cKvk,
1410wn)
h
50. Beby wnevb, gynvv` (354 wn), Avm-mnxn (eiZ, gyAvmmvmvZzi wimvjvn, 2q cKvk, 1993)
na
51. Beby wnevb, wKZveyj gvRinxb (wmwiqv, nvjve, `vij IqvC)

52. Zvevivbx, myjvBgvb Beby Avng` (360wn.) Avj-gyRvgyj Kvexi (gvIwmj, BivK, IqvKd gYvjq, 1985)
un
53. Zvevivbx, myjvBgvb Beby Avng`, Avj-gyRvgyj AvDmvZ (KvBiv, `vij nvivgvBb, 1415 wn)
54. Zvevivbx, myjvBgvb Beby Avng`, Avj-gyRvgym mvMxi (eiZ, Avj-gvKZveyj Bmjvgx, 1g cKvk, 1985)
ss
55. Zvevivbx, myjvBgvb Beby Avng`, gymbv`yk kvwgqxb (eiZ, gyAvmmvmvZzi wimvjvn, 1g cKvk, 1984)
56. ivgigyhx, nvmvb Beby Avyi ivngvb (360 wn), Avj-gynvwm Avj-dvwmj (eiZ, `vij wdKi, 3q cKvk, 1404 wn)
.a
57. Beby Av`x, Avyjvn Beby Av`x Avj-RyiRvbx (365 wn) Avj-Kvwgj dx `yAvdvBi wiRvj (eiZ, `vij wdKi, 3q cKvk,
1988)
w
58. Rvm&mvm, Ave~ evKi Avng` Beby Avjx (370wn), AvnKvgyj KziAvb (eiyZ, `vij wKZvwej Avivex, Zv. we.)
w
59. `vivKzZbx, Avjx Beby Dgi (385 wn), Avj-Bjvj (wiqv`, `vi ZvBev, 1g cKvk, 1985)
60. Avj-RvInvix, BmgvCj Beb nvv` (393 wn), Avm wmnvn (eiZ, `vij Bjg wjj gvjvCb, 2q cKvk, 1979)
w
61. Beby dvwim, Avng` (395wn.), gyRvg gvKvqxmyj j~Mvn (Bivb, Kzg, gvKZveyj Bjvg Avj-Bmjvgx, 1404 wn.)
62. nvwKg bvBmvc~ix, gynvv` Beby Avyjv n (405wn), Avj-gymZvìvK (eiZ, `vij KzZwz ej Bjwgqvn, 1g cKvk, 1990)
63. jvjKvqx, wnevZzjv n Bebyj nvmvb (418wn), BwZKv`y Avnwjm mybv wZ (wiqv`, `vi ZvBev, 1g cKvk, 1402 wn)
64. Kzìy x, Aveyj nvmvb, Avng` Beby gynvv` (428wn), gyLZvmvij Kz`yix (eiZ, `vij KzZwz ej Bjwgqvn, 1g cKvk, 1997)
65. Avey byAvBg Bmcvnvbx, Avng` Beby Avyjv n (430 wn), gymbv`yj Bgvg Avex nvbxdv (wiqv`, gvKZvevZzj KvDmvi, 1g
cKvk, 1415wn:)
66. Avey byAvBg Bmcvnvbx, Avng` Beby Avyjv n, wnjBqvZzj AvDwjqv (eiZ, `vij wKZve Avj-Avivex, 4_ gy`Y , 1405 wn)
67. Beby nvh&g hvwnix, Avjx Beby Avng` (456wn), Avj-gynvjv (eiZ, `vij AvdvwKj Rv`x`v, Zv. we.)
68. evBnvKx, Avng` Bebyj mvBb (458 wn), Aveyj Cgvb (eiZ, `vij KzZzwej Bjwgqvn, 1g cKvk, 1410 wn)
69. evBnvKx, Avng` Bebyj mvBb (458wn.), Avm-mybvbyj Kzeiv (gvv gyKviivgv, mw` Avie, gvKZvevZz `vwij evh, 1994)
70. Beby Avwj evi, BDm~d Beby Avyjv n (463 wn) AvZ-Zvgnx` (giv, IqvKd gYvjq, 1387 wn)
71. LZxe evM`v`x, Avng` Beby Avjx (463 wn) ZvixLy evM`v` (eiZ, `vij KzZwz ej Bjwgqvn)
72. mvivLmx, Avey evKi, gynvv` Beby Avngv` (490 wn.), Avj-gvem~Z (eiZ, `vij gvwidvn, 1989)
73. Mvhvjx, Avey nvwg`, gynvv` Beby gynvv` (505 wn) GnBqvD Dj~wgxb (eiZ, `vij wdKi, 1994)
74. `vBjvgx, kxiIqvBwn Beby kvnvi`vi (509wn) Avj-wdi`vDm (eiZ, `vij KzZwz ej Bjwgqvn, 1g cKvk, 1986)
Contents

75. Kvmvbx, AvjvDxb(587wn) ev`vBDm mvbvBq (eiZ, `vij KzZwz ej Bjwgqvn)
76. gviMxbvbx, eyinvbyxb Avjx Beby Avex evK&i (593 wn), Avj-wn`vBqv (eiZ, `vi GnBqvwqZ Zzivwmj Avivex, 1g cKvk,
1995)
77. Bebyj RvIhx, Aveyj dvivR Avyi ivngvb Beby Avjx (597 wn), Avj-gvDh~AvZ (eiZ, `vij KzZzwej Bjwgqvn, 1g
cKvk, 1995)
78. Bebyj RvDhx, Aveyj dvivR, Avj-Bjvjyj gyZvbvwnqv (eiZ, `vij KzZzwej Bjwgqvn, 1g cKvk, 1403 wn)
79. Bebyj RvIhx, wmdvZzm mvdIqv (eiZ, `vij gvwidvn, 2q cKvk, 1979)
80. Bebyj Avmxi, gyevivK Beb gynvv` (606wn.), RvgDj Dm~j (eiZ, `vij wdKi, 2q cKvk, 1983)
81. Bebyj Avmxi, gyevivK Beby gynvv`, Avb-wbnvBqv dx Mvixwej nv`xm (eiZ, `vij wdKi, 2q gy`Y , 1979)
82. ivhx, dvLixb gynvv` Beby Dgi (606 wn), Avj-gvnm~j dx Bjwg Dm~wjj wdKn (gv gyKviivgv, gvKZvevZz wbhvi evh,
1g cKvk, 1997)
83. Beby Kz`vgvn, Avyjvn Beby Avng` (620 wn), Avj-gyMbx (eiZ, `vij wdKi, 1g cKvk, 1405 wn)
84. Avj-gvKw`mx, gynvv` Beby Avyj Iqvwn` (643 wn), Avj-Avnv`xmyj gyLZvivn (gv gyKviivgv, gvKZvevZzb bvn`vn Avj-nv`xmvn, 1g
c. 1410 wn)
85. gybwhix, Avyj Avhxg Beby Avey`j Kvex (656 wn), AvZ-ZviMxe IqvZ Zvinxe (eiZ, `vij KzZwz ej Bjwgqvn, 1g
cKvk, 1417 wn)
86. KziZzex, gynvv` Beby Avng` (671 wn) Zvdmxi: Avj-Rvwg wj AvnKvwgj KziAvb (KvBiv, `vik Ave, 1372 wn)
om
87. beex, BqvnBqv Beby kvivd (676 wn.), kvi mnxn gymwjg, (eiZ, `vij wdKi, 1981)
88. bvevex, BqvnBqv Beby kvivd, wiqv`ym mvwjnxb (wiqv`, mw` Avie, gvKZvevZzj gvAvwid, 3q cKvk 1993)
.c
89. Bebyj gvg, Kvgvjyxb gynvv` Beby Avyj Iqvwn`, kvi dvZwnj Kv`xi (eiZ, `vij KzZwy ej Bjwgqvn, 1g cKvk,
1995)
st
90. Beby gvbh~i, gynvv` Beb gyKviig Avj-AvdixKx (711wn.) wjmvbyi Avie (eiZ, `vij wdKi)
91. Beby ZvBwgqvn, Avng` Beby Avyj nvjxg (728 wn) BKwZ`vDm wmivwZj gymZvKxg (wiqv`, bvwmi Avj-AvKj, DevBKvb, 1g
tru
cKvk, 1404 wn)
92. gyhhx, BDm~d Bebyh hvKx (742 wn), Zvnhxeyj Kvgvj (eiZ, gyAvmmvmvZzi wimvjvn, 1g cKvk, 1980)
h
93. Beby Kvmxi, Avj-we`vBqv Iqvb wbnvBqv (eiZ, `vij wdKi, 1g c. 1996)
na
94. Beby Kvmxi, BmgvCj Beby Dgvi (774 wn) Zvdmxij KziAvwbj Avhxg (eiZ, `vij wdKi, 1401)
95. hvnvex, gynvv` Beby Avngv` (748 wn.), gxhvbyj BwZ`vj (eiZ, `vij KzZzwej Bjwgqvn, 1g cKvk, 1995)
un
96. hvnvex, gynvv` Beby Avngv`, gyMbx dx Avj-`yAvdv (eiZz, `vij KzZzwej Bjwgqvn, 1g cKvk, 1997)
97. hvnvex, gynvv` Beby Avngv`, wmqvi Avjvwgb byevjv (eiZ, gyAvmmvmvZzi wimvjvn, 9g gy`Y, 1413 wn)
ss
98. hvnvex, gynvv` Beby Avngv`, Zviexey gvDh~AvZ Bewbj RvDhx (eiZ, `vij KzZwz ej Bjwgqvn, 1g cKvk, 1994)
99. Bebyj KvBwqg, gynvv` Beby Avex evKi (751 wn), nvwkqv mybvwb Avex `vD` (eiZ, `vij KzZwz ej Bjwgqvn, 2q gy`Y ,
.a
1995)
100. Bebyj KvBwqg, gynvv` Beby Avex evKi, hv`yj gvAv` (wmwiqv I eiZ, gyAvmmvZzi wimvjvn, 2q cKvk, 1997)
w
101. hvBjvqx, Avyjv n Beby BDm~d (762 wn), bvmeyi ivBqvn dx ZvLixwR Avnv`xwmj wn`vqv (KvBiv, `vij nv`xm, 1357 wn)
102. nvBmvgx, b~ixb Avjx Beby Avex evKi (807wn.) gvRgvDh hvIqvB` (eiZ, `vij wKZvwej Avivex, 3q cKvk, 1982)
w
103. nvBmvgx, b~ixb Avjx Beby Avex evKi, gvIqvwi`yh hvgAvb (`vgkK, `vim mvKvdvn Avj-Avivweqvn, 1g cKvk, 1992)
w
104. dvBivhAvev`x, gynvv` Beb BqvKe (817wn.), Avj-Kvg~myj gynxZ (eiZ, gyAvmmvmvZzi wimvjvn, 2q cKvk, 1987)
105. e~mxix, Avng` Beby Avex evKi (840 wn), gyLZvmvi BZnvwdm mv`vn (eiZ, `vij KzZzwej Bjwgqvn, 1g cKvk, 1996)
106. eymxix, Avng` Beby Avex evKi, wgmevh hyRvRvn (eiZ, `vij gwidvn, 2q cKvk, 1403 wn)
107. eymxix, Avng` Beby Avex evKi, hvIqvB` Bewb gvRvn (eiZ, `vij KzZzwej Bjwgqvn, 1g cKvk, 1993)
108. Beby nvRvi AvmKvjvbx, Avng` Beby Avjx (852 wn) dvZj evix kvi mvnxwnj eyLvix (eiZ, `vij wdKi)
109. Beby nvRvi AvmKvjvbx, Avj-gvZvwjeyj Avwjqvn (wihv`, `vij IqvZvb, 1g cKvk, 1997)
110. Beby nvRvi AvmKvjvbx, Av`-wìvBqv dx ZvLixwR Avnv`xwmj wn`vqv (eiZ, `vij gvwidvn)
111. Beby nvRvi AvmKvjvbx, ZvjLxmyj nvexi (g`xbv gybvIqviv, mvBwq` Avyjv n nvwkg, 1964)
112. Beby nvRvi AvmKvjvbx, wjmvbyj wghvb (eiZ, gyAvmmvmvZzj Avjvgx, 3q gy`Y , 1986)
113. Beby nvRvi AvmKvjvbx, ZvKixeyZ Zvnhxe (wmwiqv, nvjve, `vii ivkx`, 1g cKvk, 1986)
114. Beby nvRvi AvmKvjvbx, ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe (eiZ, `vij wdKi, 1g cKvk, 1984)
115. AvBbx, eìxb gvng~` Beby Avng` (855wn), Dg`vZzj Kvix kvi mvnxwnj eyLvix (eiZ, `vij wdKi)
116. AvBbx, Avj-webvBqv kvij wn`vqv (eiZ, `vij wdK&i, 2q cKvk, 1990)
117. mvLvex, gynvv` Beby Avyi ivngvb (902 wn), AvjgvKvwm`yj nvmvbvn (eiZ, `vij KzZwz ej Bjwgqvn, 1g cKvk, 1987)
118. myqZ~ x, Rvjvjyxb Avyi ivngvb (911), kvi mybvb Bewb gvRvn (KivPx, Kv`xgx KzZez Lvbv)
119. myqZ~ x, Rvjvjyxb, Av`-`xevR Avjv mnxn gymwjg Bbyj nvvR (mvw` Avie, Avj-Lyevi, `vi Bewb Avddvb, 1996)
Contents

120. myqZ ~ x, Rvjvjyxb, Avb-byKvZzj ev`xAvZ Avjvj gvDh~AvZ (KvBiv, `vij wRbvb, 1g cKvk, 1991)
121. myqZ ~ x, Rvjvj~xb, Avj-jvAvjx Avj-gvmb~Avn (eiZ, `vij gvwidvn)
122. myqZ~ x, Rvjvjyxb, Avj-Rvwgqym mvMxi (eiZ, `vij wdKi, 1g c. 1981)
123. myqZ
~ x, Rvjvjyxb, hvBjyj jvAvjx (fviZ, Avj-gvZevAv Avj-Avjvex 1303 wn)
124. gynvv` Beb BDm~d Avk kvgx (942wn.), mxivn kvgxqvn: myejy jy `v Iqvi ivkv` (eiZ, `vij KzZez jy Bjwgqvn, 1g cKvk,
1993)
125. Beby BivK, Avjx Beby gynvv` (963 wn), Zvbhxk kvixqvn Avj-gvidAvn (eiZ, `vij KzZwz ej Bjwgqvn, 2q gy`Y,
1981)
126. Kvhx hv`vn Avng` Beby Kvi` (988 wn), ZvKwgjvZz dvZwnj Kv`xi: bvZvBRyj AvdKvi (eiZ, `vij KzZwz ej
Bjwgqvn, 1g cKvk, 1995)
127. gyjv Avjx Kvix (1014 wn), Avj-Avmivi Avj-gvidAvn (eiZ, `vij KzZzwej Bjwgqvn, 1g cKvk, 1985)
128. gyjv Avjx Kvix, Avj-gvmb~q (wmwiqv, nvjve, gvKZveyj gvZeyAvZ Avj-Bmjvwgqvn, 1g cKvk, 1969)
129. gyjv Avjx Kvix, kvi gymbvw` Avex nvbxdv, (eiZ, `vij KzZwz ej Bjwgqvn)
130. gybvex, gynvv` Avyi ivEd (1031 wn), dvBhyj Kv`xi kvi Rvwgwqm mvMxi (wgmi, Avj-gvKZvevZzZ wZRvwiqv Avj-Kzeiv, 1g
cKvk, 1356 wn)
131. Avj-eyn~Zx, gvbm~i Beby BDb~m (1051 wn), Kvkdzj wKbv Avb gvZwbj BKbv (eiZ, `vij wdKi, 1402 w n)
132. hviKvbx, gynvv` Beby Avyj evKx (1122 wn) kvij gyAvv (eiZ, `vij KzZwz ej Bjwgqvn, 1g cKvk, 1411)
om
133. hviKvbx, gynvv` Beby Avyj evKx, gyLZvmvij gvKvwm` Avj-nvmvbvn (eiZ, Avj-gvKZveyj Bmjvgx, 3q cKvk, 1983)
134. AvRj~bx, BmgvCj Beby gynvv` (1162 wn), Kvkdzj Lvdv (eiZ, gyAvmmvmvZzi wimvjvn, 4_ gy`Y , 1405 wn)
.c
135. ZvnZvex, Avng` Beby gynvv` (1231 wn) nvwkqvZzZ ZvnZvex Avjv gvivKxj dvjvn (eiZ, `vij KzZwz ej Bjwgqvn, 1g
(cKvk, 1997
st
(kvIKvbx, Avjx Beby gynvv` (1255 wn), Bikv`yj dyj (gv gyKviivgv, gvKZvevZz wbhvi evh, 1g cKvk, 1997 .136
tru
(kvIKvbx, gynvv` Beby Avjx, bvBjyj AvDZvi (eiZ, `vij Rxj, 1973 .137
(Beby Ave`xb, gynvv` Avgxb (1256 wn), nvwkqvZz ivwj gynZvi (eiZ, `vij wdKi, 1979 .138
(gyeviKcyix, gynvv` Avyi ivngvb (1353wn), ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx (eiZ, `vij KzZzwej Bjwgqvn .139
h
(Beivnxg Beby gynvv` (1353 wn), gvbvim mvexj (gvDm~AvZz Zvwjwej Bjg, wm. wW. 4_ msiY .140
na
(gviqx Beby BDm~d (1033 wn), `jxjyZ Zvwje (gvDm~AvZz Zvwjwej Bjg, wm. wW. 4_ msiY .141
(gynvv` nvRvex (968 wn), Avj-BKbv (gvDm~AvZz Zvwjwej Bjg, wm. wW. 4_ msiY .142
un
(AvhxgAvev`x, kvgmyj nK, AvDbyj gvey` (eiZ, `vij KzZzwej Bjwgqvn, 2q cKvk, 1415wn .143
(Avng` kvwKi, gymbv` Avng` (wgmi, `vij gvAvwid, 1975 .144
ss
(Avjevbx, gynvv` bvwmixb, hvqxdj Rvwgwqm mvMxi (eiZ, Avj-gvKZveyj Bmjvgx, 3q cKvk, 1990 .145
(Avjevbx, gyLZvmvik kvgvCj Avj-gynvvw`qvn (RWvb, Avvb, Avj-gvKZvevZzj Bmjvwgqvn, 2q gy`b, 1406 .146
.a
(Avjevbx, gynvv` bvwmixb, mnxj Rvwgwqm mvMxi (eiZ, Avj-gvKZveyj Bmjvgx, 3q msiY, 1988 .147
(Avjevbx, gynvv` bvwmixb, mnxZ ZviMxe (wiqv`, gvKZvevZzj gvAvwid, 3h gy`Y, 1988 .148
w
(Avjevbx, hqxdz mybvwb Bewb gvRvn (mw` Avie, wiqv`, gvKZvevZzj gvAvwid, 1g cKvk, 1997 .149
w
(Avjevbx, mnx mybvwb Bewb gvRvn (wiqv`, gvKZvevZzj gvAvwid, 1g cKvk, 1997 .150
(Avjevbx, mnxj Av`vwej gydiv` (mw` Avie, Avj-RyevBj, `vim wmxK, 2q gy`Y, 1994 .151
w
(Avjevbx, wmjwmjvZzj Avnv`xwmh hvqxdvn (wiqv`, gvKZvevZzj gvAvwid, 1g cKvk, 1992 .152
(Avjevbx, wmjwmjvZzj Avnv`xwmm mvnxnvn (wiqv`, gvKZvevZzj gvAvwid, 1g cKvk, 1992 .153
(Avjevbx, wRjeveyj gviAvwZj gymwjgv (RWvb, Avvb, Avj-gvKZvevZzj Bmjvwgqvn, 1g cKvk, 1413 wn .154
(Avjevbx, gvKvjvZzj Avjevbx (wiqv`, `vi AvZjvm, 2q gy`Y, 2001 .155
Avjevbx, gyLZvmvim kvgvBj Avj-gynvvw`qvn (Avvb, R`vb, Avj-gvKZvevZzj Bmjvwgqvn, 2q cKvk, 1406wn) 157. Avjevbx, .156
(Avm-mvgvij gymZvZve (KzqZ, `vi wMivm, 1g gy`Y, 1422wn
(W. Beivnxg Avbxm I mxMY, Avj-gyRvg Avj IqvmxZ (eiZ, `vij wdKi .158
(Avyj Avhxh Beby evh, gvmvBjyj wnRve Iqvm mydi (wRv, `vij gyRZvgv, 2q gy`Y .159
(hvKvwiqv Kvvjfx I kvBL Beby evh, DR~ey BdvBj wjnBqv (wiqv`, `vij BdZv .160
(gynvv` Beby DmvBgxb, wimvjvZzj wnRve (wRv, `vij gyRZvgv, 2q gy`Y .161
(Avyjvn Beivnxg g~mv, Avj-gvmEwjqvZzj Rvmvw`qvn wdj Bmjvg (eiZ, `vi Bewb nvhg, 1g cKvk 1995 .162
(Hans Wehr, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic (Beirut, Librairie Du Liban, 1980 .163
_Lv`Kvi Avyjvn Rvnvxi, GnBqvDm mybvb: mybvZi cybixeb I weÀvZi wemRb (wSbvB`n, Avm-mybvn cvewjKk, 4 .164
msiY, 2006)
165. Lv`Kvi Avyjvn Rvnvxi, nv`xmi bvg RvwjqvwZ, (wSbvB`n, Avm-mybvn cvewjKk, 4_ msiY, 2006)
Contents

166. Lv`Kvi Avyjv n Rvnvxi, ivn ejvqvZ: ivm~jyjv ni () whK&i-Ihxdv (wSbvB`n, Avm-mybv n cvewjKk, 4_ msiY,
2006)
167. Lv`Kvi Avyjvn Rvnvxi, mnxn nv`xmi AvjvK mvjvZzj Cì AwZwi ZvKexi (XvKv, evBZzj wnKgv cvewjKk, 1g
cKvk 2003)
om
.c
st
h tru
na
un
ss
.a
w
w
w
Contents

jLKi Abvb M
gwjK iPbv
1. A Woman from Desert
2. KziAvb-mybv ni AvjvK Bmjvgx AvKx`v
3. Bmjvg c`v
4. GnBqvDm mybvb: mybv Zi cybixeb I weÀvZi wemRb
5. ivn ejvqvZ : ivm~jjy v n ()-Gi whK&i-Ihxdv
6. gymjgvbx bmve: AviKvb Bmjvg I Ihxdvq ivm~j ()
7. evsjv`k Dki ev dmji hvKvZ : iZ I cqvM
8. nv`xmi mb` wePvi cwZ I mnxn nv`xmi AvjvK mvjvZzj Cì AwZwi ZvKexi
9. Avjvni c_ `vIqvZ
10. gybvRvZ I bvgvh
11. nv`xmi bvg RvwjqvwZ: cPwjZ wg_v nv`xm I wfwnxb K_v
12. Bmjvgi bvg Rwev`: AvjvwPZ I AbvjvwPZ KviYmg~n
13. ivm~jjy v n () Gi cvkvK I Bmjvg cvkvKi weavb
14. hxLi ghv`v: evBej ebvg KziAvb
om
15. Bmjvgx RvMiY wewQbZv I DMZv : KviY I cwZKvi
Abyev` Mvewj
.c
1. wmqvg wb`wkKv
2. Guidance For Fasting Muslims
st
3. Bmjvgi wZb g~jbxwZ : GKwU msw AvjvPbv
4. A Summary of Three Fundamentals of Islam
5. ni wbqg
tru
6. Our Great Predecessors
h
7. GKRb Rvcvbx gwnjvi `wZ c`v
na
8. wdKm mybvwb Iqvj Avmvi ev nv`xm wfwK wdK&n

9. gymbv` Avng` (AvswkK)
10. Bhnvij nK (Lagi AvjvPbvq cv gvYZg M)
un
mskvabx ev civgk
GB eB ev Dci DwjwLZ h Kvbv eB mK Kvbvic wRvm, ge, civgk ev mgvjvPbvi Rb jLKi mv_ wb wVKvbvq
ss
hvMvhvM Kib:
.a
1. Avj-nv`xm wefvM, Bmjvgx wekwe`vjq, Kzwqv, 7003|

2. avcvNvUv-Mvwe`cyi, wSbvB`n, 7300|
w
dvb I dv (evmv): 0451-62578, gvevBj: 01715-400640|

w
w

.

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KziAvb-mybvni AvjvK

KziAvb-mybv ni AvjvK cvkvK, c`v I `n-mv

220 (`yB kZ wek) UvKv gv|

GmQ, hwji `yej Zv I AwbfhvMZvi K_v Avwg h_vvb DjL KiwQ|

GKgv eZ| gnvb Avjvn ZuvK mevg cyivi c`vb Kib|

KziAvb-mybv ni AvjvK cvkvK, c`v I `n-mv

1. 4. 3. cvkvK cwiavbi I cwiwnZi `vqv /64

1. 5. 1. GKwUgv Kvco mvjvZ /68

1. 5. 1. 2. GKwUgv Kvgxm mvjvZ /76

1. 5. 2. GKvwaK Kvco mvjvZ /81

1. 5. 3. mvjvZi ga AcQ`bxq cvkvK /85

wZxq Aavq : cvkvK I AbyKiY /87-128

2. 1. Agymwjg I cvcx`i AbyKiY eRb /87

KziAvb-mybv ni AvjvK cvkvK, c`v I `n-mv

3. 3. 3. Rvgvi evZvg /141

3. 3. 5. Kvgxm welqK nv`xmwji cwZcv` /146

3. 4. 1. jywi Pq cvRvgvi eenvi Kg wQj /147

3. 4. 2. cvRvgv eenvii evcKZv /149

3. 4. 4. ivm~jyjv n KZK cvRvgv cwiavb /150

3. 4. 5. eo cvRvgv I QvU cvRvgv /151

3. 4. 7. cvRvgv welqK nv`xmwji cwZcv` /152

KziAvb-mybv ni AvjvK cvkvK, c`v I `n-mv

3. 9. 6. 1. wPeyKi wbP w`q cuP `Iqv /199

3. 9. 6. 3. cvMwoi cv bv Szjvbv /203

3. 9. 7. 1. Kvj cvMwo /203

3. 9. 7. 3. meyR cvMwo /205

3. 9. 7. 4. mv`v cvMwo /206

3. 9. 7. 5. jvj cvMwo /208

KziAvb-mybv ni AvjvK cvkvK, c`v I `n-mv

4. 3. 4. wXjXvjv I ^vfvweK Kvcoi cvkvK /189

4. 3. 6. Agymwjg I cvcx`i AbyK iY eRb /294

4. 4. 4. wLgvi ev gveiY /298

4. 4. 5. wbKve ev gyLveiY /300

4. 4. 6. nvZgvRv I cv-gvRv /300

KziAvb-mybv ni AvjvK cvkvK, c`v I `n-mv

KziAvb-mybv ni AvjvK cvkvK, c`v I `n-mv

G: 2431; gvevBj, 0193918328|

KziAvb-mybv ni AvjvK cvkvK, c`v I `n-mv

KziAvb-mybv ni AvjvK cvkvK, c`v I `n-mv

1. 3. 1. mZi AveZ Kiv

Ei AveZe v| nv`xmwU mnxn309

Ab nv`xm Avyjv n Beby Avgi (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejb:

1. 3. 2. cvZjv I Auv UmuvU cvkvK eRb

KziAvb-mybv ni AvjvK cvkvK, c`v I `n-mv

eenvi Avcw Kib wb|

Bhvi ev jyw `Lv hZ|314

DjL Kie, Bbkv Avjvn|

1. 3. 3. bvix I cyili cvkvKi ^v Z

KziAvb-mybv ni AvjvK cvkvK, c`v I `n-mv

Zviv Avgv`i (gymwjg mgvRi) ga MY bq| nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|319

1. 3. 4. Anvi I cwmwi cvkvK eRb

KziAvb-mybv ni AvjvK cvkvK, c`v I `n-mv

my`i cvkvK cwiavb Kieb|

cLvZ Zvweqx AvBEe mvLwZqvbx (131 wn) ejZb:

KziAvb-mybv ni AvjvK cvkvK, c`v I `n-mv

KziAvb-mybv ni AvjvK cvkvK, c`v I `n-mv

KziAvb-mybv ni AvjvK cvkvK, c`v I `n-mv

Avbvm Beby gvwjK (iv) ejb, ivm~jjy v n ejQb :

KziAvb-mybv ni AvjvK cvkvK, c`v I `n-mv

KziAvb-mybv ni AvjvK cvkvK, c`v I `n-mv

KziAvb-mybv ni AvjvK cvkvK, c`v I `n-mv

welqwUK GZ ewk iZ c`vb Kijb?

KziAvb-mybv ni AvjvK cvkvK, c`v I `n-mv