RohdeSchwarz Webinar18may17 Final

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
IN SCANNED ARRAYS
DR. ELI BROOKNER

RAYTHEON CO. (RETIRED)
781-862-7014
ELI.BROOKNER@GMAIL.COM
IEEE AESS DISTINGUISHED LECTURE
MICROWAVE JOURNAL WEBINAR
MAY 18, 2017
COPYRIGHT 2017 BY ELI BROOKNER
Introduction to Rohde & Schwarz
A leader in RF test for Modern Radars

May 18, 2017
Rohde & Schwarz
Over 80 years of RF Engineering
l History
Established 1933 in Munich, Germany
l Type of enterprise
Independent family-owned company
l Global presence
In over 70 countries, approx. 60 subsidiaries
l Net revenue
l ~ $ 2.0 billion (FY 15/16, July through June)
l Employees
l approximately 10,000 worldwide
l 6000 in Germany
l ~ 500 in US
l Success
l A leading international supplier in all of its business fields
MM/DD/YYYY Edit Footer: >Insert >Header & Footer 3

Radar & EW Test
Addressing the test challenges of modern radars
l Microwave test solutions to 110 GHz

l Vector signal generation and
analysis to 2 GHz bandwidth
l Pulse generation and analysis
software
l Functional test with radar echo

generation
l Direction finding and AESA antenna
calibration for single or multi-element
arrays
l Multiport test solutions for AESA test

l Turnkey TRM test system for efficient
RF characterizations

For More Information: www.rohde-Schwarz.com
Useful application notes on R&S.com:
1MA207 - Introduction to Radar System and Component Test
1MA127 - Overview of Tests on Radar Systems
1MA278 - Measurement of Beamforming Antennas in Transmit Mode
1GP108 - Generating Multiple Phase Coherent Signals: Align in Time and Phase

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
IN SCANNED ARRAYS
DR. ELI BROOKNER

RAYTHEON CO. (RETIRED)
781-862-7014
ELI.BROOKNER@GMAIL.COM
IEEE AESS DISTINGUISHED LECTURE
MICROWAVE JOURNAL WEBINAR
MAY 18, 2017
COPYRIGHT 2017 BY ELI BROOKNER
BEFORE AFTER
5/17/2017 9
5/17/2017 10
WORLD
WAR II
11
ARRAYS
HAVE SEEN
AMAZING
ADVANCES
MULTIFUNCTION PHASED
ARRAYS
1STGENERATION
PHASED ARRAYS:
TUBE
TRANSMITTERS
Example U.S.A. Passive Phased
Arrays Having Large Productions
AN/TPN-25 (60)
MSR
(18)* (1)
COBRA DANE (1)

AN/GPN-22
(173) B-1 (100)
COBRA
JUDY AEGIS (SPY-1) (234) PATRIOT
(1)
AN/TPQ-37 (102)
SENTINEL
(>100)
B-2
(21)
APQ- AN/TPQ-36
181 (243)
*Number Manufactured BROOKNER, Micr. J 1/08
Example Passive Phased
Arrays
from Around the World
ARABEL
FRANCE
EMPAR ITALY/UK ARTHUR SWEDEN
SAM
INDIA
FLAP LID RBE2 RADANT

(<100) RUSSIA ANTENNA FRANCE
BROOKNER, Micr. J 1/08

2NDGENERATION
PHASED ARRAYS:
TRANSISTER
TRANSMITTERS
Example Active Arrays
Not Using Monolithic Microwave
IntegratedUpgrade
Circuits (MMIC)
BMEWS AN/TPS-59
(2) (50) ERIEYE SWEDEN
PAVE PAWS (4) USA USA USA

SMARTELLO (2)
ATBM EL/M
2080
MARTELLO RAT 31DL

(S723) UK
ROTHR USA ISRAEL
EUROPE
PHALCON ISRAEL EUROPE

BROOKNER, Micr. J 1/08
3 GENERATION:
RD
ANALOG MICROWAVE
INTEGRATED
CIRCUIT (MMIC*)
ASEAs
*MONOLITHIC MICROWAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Ground/Sea Active Arrays Using Integrated
Circuit (MMIC) Solid-State Transmitters
THAAD TPY-2 GBR-P (1)* ATNAVICS SPY-3
(6)*
USA USA (5)* [19]* USA [9]**

MESAR2 MEADS USA/
[9]** (X-BAND) EUROPE
COBRA (>30)* EUROPE/USA UK SAMPSON UK

SAMPSON
CEC
VSR SPY3 APAR
[9]** [9]** (8)* SBX
FORWARD BASED
*Number [3]**
ZUMWALT .. THAADS (4)*
*Number Manufact SEA-BASED
NETHERLANDS X-BAND RADAR (BROOKNER, MJ,1/08)
**Planned
RAYTHEON FIGHTER MMIC
AESA RADARS
USED ON F/A-18, F-15, EA-18G AND F-16
>500 AESAs PRODUCED BY RAYTHEON
>1.8 MILLION AESA T/R MODULES (2013)

F-15 F/A-18 F-16
(PICTURES COURTESY RAYTHEON)

ZUMWALT DDG-1000
STEALTH SHIP
X-BAND SPY-3 THREE FACED ARRAY
1ST ZUMWALT DDG-1000 STEALTH
SHIP LAUNCHED OCT. 28, 2013
X-BAND SPY-3 THREE FACED ARRAY
(US NAVY PHOTO)

1ST ZUMWALT DDG-1000
(US NAVY PHOTO)

AN/SPY-3 & VSR (DBR) BEING PUT
ON FORD-CLASS CARRIER
SPY-3 & VSR (DBR):
3 FACED ARRAYS
(A. L. TOLLEY & J. BALL, NSSC LEADING EDGE, VOL. 7, NO.

39
2)
39
JLENS* BLIMP (AIRSHIP)
MMIC AESA RADAR
WAS DEPLOYED OVER WASH.D.C.
SEE CRUISE MISSILES
JLENS
(CM)
OUT TO 340 MILES
360o COVERAGE
CUES PATRIOT AND THAAD
(AN/TPY-2):
- DEMONSTRATED:
-INTERCEPT OF CMs
-DETECTION & TRACKING OF AIRSHIP
BALLISTIC MISSILES (BMs)
40
*JOINT LAND ATTACK CRUISE MISSILE DEFENSE
ELEVATED NETTED SENSOR (WIKIPEDIA PHOTO)
AIR & MISSILE DEFENSE RADAR (AMDR)
S-BAND: AIR & MISSILE DEFENSE:
ADAPTIVE DIGITAL BEAM FORMING
30X > TARGETS THAN SPY-1D(V)
30X > SENSITIVE THAN SPY-1D(V)
RADAR MODULAR ASSEMBLIES
(RAMs) ARE BUIDING BLOCKS
LRU IN RAM REPLACED <6MIN,
EASY, ONLY 2 TOOLS NEEDED
37 RAMs = SPY-1D(V)+15DB
= ~14x14 SIZE OF SPY-1D(V)
GaN ARRAY, 4 FACED
GaN 34% < $ THAN GaAs
GaN HAS 108 HR MTBF
RAYTHEON INVESTED $200M IN GaN ARLEIGH BURKE
SCALABLE DESTROYER
X-BAND: HORIZON SEARCH (WIKIPEDIA PHOTO)
AMDR FULLY SCALABLE
42
GaN
REPLACES GaAs PA WITH 5X-10X
PEAK POWER IN SAME FOOTPRINT
CHIPS HAVE 108 HRS MTBF
GaN 34% < $ THAN GaAs
$ 200M INVESTED BY RAYTHEON
(Colin Whelan, Raytheon Technology Today, 2010; and:
http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amdr/index.html;
SEE ALSO R. LOSSY, GAN AND H. MORKOC, NITRIDE
SEMIDCONUCTORS, SABANCI UN. MICROELECTRONICS WORKSHOP,
JUNE 15-17, 2015)
PATRIOT UPGRADES
2012: $400M UPGRADE
2015: GaN AESA; 360O COV.
1/4TH SIZE AESAs IN REAR
2015 STATE-OF-THE-ART SYSTEM
US ARMY
FIELDING TO 2048
>200 BUILT, 13 NATIONS
5000 EL PER/FACE, C-BAND
(FEB. 19, 2015/PRNEWSWIR1520E/;
MICROWAVE&RF, AUG 2015, P. 24;
RAYTHEON WEBSITE) (PHOTO: BROOKNER, E., MJ,2/15)
DIGITAL
BEAM
FORMING
(DBF)
PHASED ARRAYS THAT USE
DIGITAL BEAM FORMING
SMART-L SMART-S SMARTELLO OTH USA
(2) (2)
6CE82560
MEADS USA/
SIGNAAL EUROPE
SIGNAAL (X-BAND) EUROPE
MESAR2 MEADS USA/
ROTHR (3) USA
(UHF) EUROPE
UK
AMSAR ELTA EL/M-2248
CEAFAR
SAMPSON UK
SAMPSON EUROPE ISRAEL USA
AIR &
MISSILE
DEFENSE
RADAR
(AMDR)
PICTURE COURTESY RAYTHEON

DIGITAL
BEAM
FORMING AT
ELEMENT
DBF ALLOWS INDEPENDENT
ECONFIGUABLE SUB-APERTURE
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE ARRAY
HAVING INDEPENDENT FUNCTIONS
THAT ARE RECONFIGURABLE
COM EW
RADAR COM
EW RADAR
ELTA EL/M-2248 MF-STAR
(MULTI-FUNCTION SURVEILLANCE,
TRACK & GUIDANCE RADAR)
AESA, 4-FACES, S-BAND,

2,500-ELEMENTS/FACE
DBF WITH A/D PER ELEMENT
(SEE I. LUPA, IRIS-2007
BANGALORE , INDIA)
MAJOR BREAKTHRU
AUSTRLIA CEAFAR S-BAND 6 FACE RADAR
HMAS Perth
During ASMD
ATTrials
SEAINTRIALS
2011 S-BAND CEA
IN 2011
(Courtesy of CEA Technologies Pty.

52
Limited; used with permission.)
5/17/2017 52
THALES
NETHERLANDS
HAS 1000 ELEMENT

S-BAND ARRAY
WITH A/D PER
CHANNEL
LM NEW SPACE FENCE RADAR USES DBF AT
ELEMENT ON RECEIVE 172,000 CHANNELS
a.) LOCKHEAD MARTIN (LM) SPACE FENCE RADAR SITE,

b.) CUTAWAY OF TRANSMIT ARRAY, c.) CROSS-SECTION
OF RADAR-ON-A-BOARD TRANSMIT LRUs
(MICROWAVE J. SEPT-2016: HTTP://WWW.
MICROWAVEJOURNAL.COM/ARTICLES/26872V)
MIXER-LESS DIRECT RF CONVERSION AT
S- & X-BAND: UP TO 400 MHZ BW
(S.5/17/2017
MAZUMBER, D. UPTON, S. KUNASANI, IEEE 55
ARRAY-2014, BOSTON, MA, PP 456-458)
DARPA ACT* PROGRAM
GOALS FOR FUTURE
PHASED ARRAYS:
MORE COTS
LOWER COST
RF FPGA
RECONFIGURABILITY
SCALABILITY
*ARRAYS AT COMMERCIAL TIME SCALE
(SEE A. MORTAZAWI, ET AL,
INTERNET ON THE MOVE
IN AIRPLANE, RAILROAD TRAIN, CAR
One Element
LTCC 11 Layer
Stackup
IMST Santana
AESA Using
Digital Beam
Forming (DBF) At
Element Level
(COURTESY OF IMST, USED WITH PERMISSION; SEE HOLZWARTHET AL, EUCAP-07; &: STARK, ET AL, KA-BAND
SANTANA. EUCAP-09; SEE ALSO: REINHARD. KULKE, LTCC FOR MICROWAVES, AT SABANCI UN.
MICROELECTRONICS WORKSHOP, JUNE 15-17, 2015)
IMST On-The-Move Comm
Ku BSS/FSS SATELLITES
Receive Only,
Switches To Scan Beam
(COURTESY OF IMST, USED WITH PERMISSION; SEE BAGGEN, ET AL,
ADVANCES IN PHASED ARRAY TECHNOLOGY, EUMA-06)
5/17/2017 58
ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL
BEAMFORMING (DBF)
MULTIPLE, INDEPENDENT BEAMS
CAN REDUCE BEAM SHAPE LOSS
ENABLES IMPLEMENTATION OF
ADAPTIVE-ARRAY PROCESSING
(BEAM SPACE)
(BROOKNER, MICROWAVE J.,JAN. 2006)

DBF
MULTIPLE
BEAM
SYSTEM
Photo Copyright 2005 by Eli Brookner
Eli,
This is a
duplicate
BORNEO
ORANGUTAN
REHAB FACILITY
Eli,
This is a
duplicate
MACAQUE
MONKEY
BORNEO
PARK
VARANASI
INDIA
GAMELAN
PLAYER
AT CREMATION
BALI
BEAMFORMING (DBF)
(BEAM SPACE)

DBF CAN PROVIDE
SEARCH WITH
~ 3 DB LESS POWER
~ HALF THE OCCUPANCY
BETTER ANGLE ACCURACY
(SEE DAVIS AND FANTE, IEEE AP TRANS.,

JULY 2001, PP. 1043-53)
BEAMFORMING (DBF)
(BEAM SPACE)

ADAPTIVE-ADAPTIVE
ARRAY PROCESSING
USE ALL INFO
AVAILABLE
TO FULLY ADAPT
TO SITUATION
FULLY ADAPTIVE ARRAY;
SMI ALGORITHM USED
FULLY ADAPTIVE ADAPTIVE
ARRAY PROCESSING
(E. BROOKNER & j. HOWELL,

ADADPTIVE-ADAPTIVE ARRAY
ROCESSING, PHASED ARRAY
73
SYMP., 8-85, RADC-TR-85-171 8-85)
FULLY ADAPTIVE ADAPTIVE
ARRAY PROCESSING
(E. BROOKNER & j. HOWELL,

ADADPTIVE-ADAPTIVE ARRAY
ROCESSING, PHASED ARRAY
SYMP., 8-85, RADC-TR-85-171 8-85)
N=1000 ELEMENT
ADAPTIVE ARRAY
J=10 ELEMENT
ADAP. ARRAY WHEN
J= # JAMMERS=10
ULTRA-LOW SIDELOBES FOR S-BAND
DBF ACTIVE PHASED ARRAY
a. b.
(UNCLASSIFIED)
IEEE2003 - 76 -
Discoverer II SBR
Solar Array
X-Band GMTI/SAR Active

Array Antenna
AFTER BROOKNER, ASPECT OF

Discoverer II SBR
Solar Array
X-Band GMTI/SAR Active

Array Antenna
AFTER BROOKNER, ASPECT OF

Pat Arena
(COURTESY OF PAT ARENA)
MOORES
LAW
83
5/17/2017 83
MOORE LAW:
DOUBLE #
TRANSISTORS
EVERY 2
YEARS
84
5/17/2017 84
SLOW DOWN NOW
EXPECTED: TO A
FACTOR OF ~50 IN
NEXT 30 YEARS;
AVERAGE OF DOUBLE
EVERY ~5 YEARS
(ROBERT COLWELL, FORMERLY DARPA MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGY OFFICE,
5/17/2017
BEFORE THAT INTELS CHIEF ARCHITECH, AVIATION WEEK, AUG. 11/18, 2014)
INTEL
14 NM: 2014*
10 NM: 2017*
5 NM: 2017**
*WALL ST. J., PP. B1, B2, 7/17/15
**INTEL AND SAMSUNG
BERKELEY LAB TRANSISTOR HAS A
GATE WIDTH 1 NM -- 5X SMALLER
THAN THE 5 NM
(ENGINEER.COM, 11/27/16;
http://www.engineering.com/ElectronicsDesign/ElectronicsDesignArticles/Articl
DARPA PLAN
REDUCE POWER
CONSUMPTION BY
FACTOR OF ~75
INDEPENDENT OF WHAT
HAPPENS WITH
MOORES LAW
(ROBERT COLWELL, FORMERLY DARPA MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGY OFFICE,
BEFORE THAT INTELS CHIEF ARCHITECH, AVIATION WEEK, AUG. 11/18, 2014)
VACUUM TUBE
S COURTESY RAYTHEON; SEE ALSO EAR

128GB MEMORY STICK HAS
130 BILLION TRANSISTORS
130 BILLION TUBES
0.5X0.8X2
FITS IN YOUR
POCKET
0.5X0.8X2
INCHES
1X1X2 INCHES
$35 128GB MEMORY STICK
VACUUM TUBE HAS 130 B TRANSISTORS
USING TUBES $35 STICK WOULD:

COST $13OB ($1/TUBE)
REQUIRE 130 GW (1W/TUBE)
OR 130 NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
WOULD STACK TO 9X DISTANCE
TO THE MOON
NUMBER OF TRANSISTORS
MADE IN 2014: 2.5X1020
USING VACUUM
TUBES WOULD
EXTEND TO 40
MILLION TIMES
DISTANCE TO
SUN
(1X1X2 IN3 TUBES STACKED SIDEWAYS ON TOP OF EACH OTHER)
WHAT
ABOUT
MICRO-
WAVES
INTEL 32-ELEMENT SINGLE CHIP
60 GHZ TX/RX PHASED ARRAY
EXTREME MMIC
PROF. GABRIEL M. REBEIZ

256 (16X16) - ELEMENT SINGLE CHIP
256-Element PhasedARRAY
60 GHZ TX/RX PHASED Array
41.6 mm
1740mm2, largest RF chip ever pr

6,000 RF TRANSISTORS
100K FOR BIAS/CONTROL
S. ZINIR & G. M. REBEIZ, IEEE IMS, MAY, 2016
EXTREME
MMIC
Measured Patterns and EIRP
60 GHZ 256K EL ARRAY
HPBW: 6o
D= 29 dB
Largest phased arrays at 60 GHz

Simple packaging used
Full-2D scan to +/-60 deg.
Gbps links possible at 1 km
S. ZINIR & G. M. REBEIZ,

IEEE IMS, MAY, 2016
FUTURE
PHASED
ARRAY
FOR FEW $
FUTURE USED IN CELL PHONES
& INTERNET OF THINGS
SMART GLASSES
ANOKIWAVE 27.5-
30 GHZ 5G Si T/R
8X8 AESA
MICOWAVE J. APRIL, 2017, PP 38-44
UN. MELBOURNE SINGLE
CHIP 77GHz RADAR T/R
(G.KLARI,, ET AL, SINGLE CHIP MM RADAR, MICROWAVE J., 1-14-15;

R. J. Evans et al., Consumer Radar, Int. Radar Conf.,Adelaide, 9/2013, pp. 2126)
FUTURE
CAR
RADAR FOR
FEW $
GOOGLE RADAR IN SMART
WRIST WATCH
FITS ON PINKY TOE NAIL
4 ANTENNAS; 0.05W DC POWER
http://spendergast.blogspot.com/2016/05/googles-project-soli-demos-mmw-
micro.html;
DICK TRACY
SEND
SQUAD CAR
HUMAN BRAIN
2-3 LBS
~20W
TO DO TODAY WHAT A MOUSES BRAIN
DOES WE WOULD NEED A COMPUTOR
THE SIZE OF SMALL CITY AND SEVERAL
NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS TO RUN IT
BOSTON
NUCLEAR PLANT
WE ARE IN THE HORSE
AND BUGGY DAYS
WE HAVE A
LONG WAY
TO GO
GRAPHENE & CARBON (C) NANOTUBES (CNT):
HOPE FOR MOORES LAW CONTINUATION
CNT: MANUFACTURED
ON COMOS DEMOD
WHAT IS
GRAPHENE?
2-DIMENSIONAL
FORM OF
CARBON
CRYSTAL ONE
ATOM THICK
SHEET
5/17/2017 116
GRAPHENE NOBEL PRIZE WINNER
(2010 IN PHYSICS FOR DISCOVERY OF
NOBEL PRIZE WINNER (2010 IN PHYSICS
GRAPHENE, AGE 37) DR. KONSTANTIN
FOR PRODUCING GRAPHENE, AGE 37)
NOVOSELOV
DR. KONSTANTIN WITH DR.
NOVOSELOV ELIELI
& DR.
5/17/2017 117
117
SUPERMAN OF BULLET PROOF MATERIALS
GRAPHENE 10X BETTER THAN STEEL
HTTP://SPECTRUM.IEEE.ORG/NANOCLAST/SEMICONDUCTORS/MATERIALS/
GRAPHENE-PROVES-TO-BE-SUPERMAN-OF-BULLET-PROOF-
MATERIALS/?UTM_SOURCE=TECHALERT&UTM_MEDIUM=EMAIL&UTM_CAM
PAIGN=121114; SEE ALSO: M. SULTANA, SPACE APPLICATIONS OF
GRAPHENE AND C. BASARAN, PACKAGING BOTH AT SABANCI UN.
GRAPHENE BASED FUEL CELL MEMBRANE:
EXTRACTS HYDROGEN FROM AIR
GRAPHENE USED IN ARM OF
HEAD $200 TENNIS RACQUET
QUANTUM COMPUTING
POTENTIAL FOR
X10 TO 100S
INCREASE IN
COMPUTER
POWER EVERY
GENERATION
INSTEAD OF OF X2 TEMPERATURE
OF MOORES LAW* <50 MILLI-K
(*VERN BROWNELL, GIGAOM STRUCTURE DATA CONF., 2014)
(PHOTO FROM TECHNOLOGY TODAY, 2014, ISSUE 1)
SYNAPTIC TRANSISTOR
LEARNS LIKE HUMAN BRAIN SYNAPS
BRAIN HAS 86 BILLION NUERONS CONNE
BY SYNAPSES
HUMAN BRAIN USES ONLY ~20W
LEADS TO ANALOG NOT BINARY COMPUT
(SHI, JIAM, ET AL, A CORRELATED NICKELATE SYNAPTIC TRANSISTOR, NATURE

COMMUNICATION OCT 31, 2013)
SYNAPTIC TRANSISTORS
MEMRISTOR
CAN DO WHAT THE MOUSE

BRAIN DOES IN SHOEBOX
INSTEAD OF COMPUTER THE
SIZE OF CITY REQUIRING
NUCLEAR PLANTS
(R. S. WILLIAMS, IEEE SPECTRUM, 12/08;
E. BROOKNER, ARRAY-2010)
MEMRISTOR
BOSTON
SHOE
BOX
NUCLEAR PLANT
GLOVE RADAR
$80
MEASURES SPEED
OF BASEBALL
(BASEBALL WAREHOUSE)
BUY YOUR KID A RADAR -- $20
EVERYONE
SHOULD
OWN ONE
(WALMART.COM)
RAYTHEON
EMPLOYEE
BEATS
EINSTEIN
EINSTEIN
DR.ELI
131
DR. ELI AND SARAH PALIN ON
DANCING WITH THE STARS
DRS. ELI & ANNA OF POLAND DO

IMPROMPTU WALTZ AT INDIAN RADAR
2007 TO DELIGHT OF ALL
WITH THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF CROWD SOME

FOX TROT BY DRS. ANNA AND ELI.
DR. ELI
APPEARS
3 TIMES
ON CHRONICLE
TV DANCING
PRINTED DIODES AT 1.6 GHZ
TALKS TO CELL PHONE
HARVESTS CELL PHONE SIGNAL FOR POWER
MAKES PRINTED ELECTRONIC LABELS
FUTURE GOAL 2.4 GHZ
(M. PEPLOW, IEEE SPECTRUM 7/7/14)

WEARABLE ELECTRONICS
MONITOR
FOR
INFANT
SUDDEN
DEATH
SYDROME
TIME MAG. 9/11/13, 6-11-13, P 18
BOEING: 3D-PRINTED TITANIUM PARTS 787
DREAMLINER; SAVING MILLIONS PER A/C
HTTP://WWW.POPULARMECHANICS.COM/FLIGHT/AIRLINES/A26018/BO
EING-PRINTED-
TITANIUM/?SRC=NL&MAG=POP&LIST=NL_PNL_NEWS&DATE=041117
FUTURE: IR FOR DATA TRANSFER IN
CHIPS & BETWEEN SYSTEMS
80% OF POWER IN CHIP DUE TO DATA OVERS WIRES
CAN SEND 20X AS MUCH DATA OPTICALLY
20 CHANNELS IN DIAMETER OF HUMAN HAIR
1000S SUCH LINKS IN CHIP

SILICON TRANPARENT TO IR
SOFTWARE DESIGNS LINKS
BAR
1:2 CODE
SPLITTER SPLITTER
(A. PIGGOTT, J . VUCKOVIC, NATURE PHOTONICS, 10 1038 2015)

OPTICAL & ELECTRICAL SIGNALS
PROPAGATED OVER SAME WIRE
LIGHT IN
Ag NANO
WIRE
LIGHT OUT
SINGLE LAYER MoS2

ALLOWS ELECTRICAL SIGNALS TO GO AT SPEED
OF LIGHT ON CHIP
ALLOWS PHOTONICS & ELECTRONICS ON SAME
CHIP
(K. GOODFELLOW, ET AL OPTICA VOL. 1, ISSUE 3, PP.149-152 [2014])
METAMATERIALS
5/17/2017 142142
MATERIAL
ON
DEMAND
5/17/2017 143143
METAMATERIALS
MATERIAL WITH MAN MADE

PROPERTIES BASED ON
SUB-WAVELENGTH
REPEATED STRUCTURE
5/17/2017 144144
(TECHNOLOGY TODAY, 2012, ISSUE 1)
METAMATERIALS
CONSTRUCTION
<0 <0 n<0

(DEROV, J.S., ET AL, AFRL, CAMBRIDGE, ALLERTON, 2008)
*
*METAMATERIAL SURFACE ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY

*
*METAMATERIAL SURFACE ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY

ANTENNA LEAKY WAVE FEED
(US PATENT 2014/0266946 A1, SEPT. 8, 2014)

ANTENNA METAMATERIAL
RESONATORS
(US PATENT 2014/0266946 A1, SEPT. 8, 2014)

METAMATERIAL RESONATOR
PHASE SHIFTER
NATHAN KUNDTZ, MJ, AUGUST, 2014

CLOSE UP OF KYMETA ANTENNA
(http://www.kymetacorp.com/technology/product-stack/)
SATELLITE ANTENNA
(http://www.kymetacorp.com/technology/product-stack/)
(From: Dr. R. Shahidain, Mil. Antennas 2009)
250-505 MHZ; G=5-8.2 DB, VSWR <3
~2500 LAYERS; 3.3 THICK (/20 INSTEAD OF /4)
ANISOTROPIC MAGNETIC DIELECTRIC METAMATERIAL ANTENNA
POTENTIAL USES: NGJ* VHF ANTENNA; REPLACE TALL VISIBLE
WHIP ANTENNA ON ARMY VEHICLES; VHF A/C FOPEN ANTENNAS
ARMY RESEARCH LAB (ARL); CONTRACTED METAMATERIALS INC.
*NEXT GENERATION JAMMER
(ARL, ABERDEEN, MD, JUNE 4, 2014)

TIGHTLY COUPLED DIPOLE ARRAY (TCDA)
BANDWIDTH: 1:20
THICKNESS: /40 AT LOWEST FREQ.
DUAL POLARIZATION
COLOCATED PHASE CENTERS
GOOD POLARIZATION IN DIAGONAL
PLANE
WAIM STRUCTURE
(TECHNOLOGY TODAY,
2014, ISSUE 1)
EA-18G (GROWLER) WITH PODS
(IMAGE: WIKIMEDIA COMMONS}

NUMBER OF RADARS VS FREQUENCY
NUMBER OF RADARS
THREAT FREQUENCY SPECTRUM

J. DELISLE, GaN BASED AESA ENAB;ES NAVY NGJ, MICROWAVE & RF, 5/30/140
RUSSIAN 2D VHF
VOSTOK CAN STOW OR
DEPLOY IN 8 MIN
CARLO, DEFENCE TODAY, 2008

6X DIFFRACTION LIMIT
(/12) ACHIEVED AT 0.36 m
SUPERLENS OF
15 nm SILVER FILM
WITH NEG ;
Layers of
Ag, Cr, Quartz
(NICHOLAS FANG, APP. PHYSICS LET., 2010, UN. ILLINOIS) 161

USING ELECTROMAGNETIC BAND
Using EBG 2.5 cm Separation
Equivalent
GAP (EBG) To2.5
1 mCM SEPATION1 M
Vertically-Polarized Planar Antenna
F = 2.72 GHz
Antenna Sizes:
1.12x0.51x0.157 cm;
or o/10 X o/22 X o/70
Isolation: 18 DB without,
42 DB with,
An Increase of 24 DB
Electronic Bandgap
Equivalent to Separating
Antennas by 1 m
(COURTESY OF PROF. K. SARABANDI, UN. OF MICHIGAN;
THANKS ALSO TO JOSEPH MAIT, ARMY RESEARCH LAB, ADELPHI, MD; SEE
K. SARABANDI & Y. J. SONG, SUBWAVELENGTH TRANSPONDER USING 162
METAMATERIAL ISOLATOR, IEEE AP TRANS., 7/11, PP 2183-2190)
WIDE ANGLE SCAN USING ELECTROMAGNETIC
BAND GAP (EBG) MATERIAL
Array w/ Wide Angle Scan & Possibly No Circulator
Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) Material Between Patch
Layers Shown To Reduce Mutual Coupling By 8 DB
1
Scanning Range Scanning range in k-space
with 5 tilt
0.8
green: simulated infinite
0.6
array
0.4
red: measured finite array
0.2
blue: specification
0
v
purple: array with EBG

-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
(COUTESY OF DR. C. FULTON; SEE C. FULTON,"DIGITAL ARRAY
u
RADAR, PHD THESIS, PURDUE UN., 12/10; SEE ALSO FULTON, W. & 163
163
CHAPPELL , W., IEEE COMCAS 2008)
3-D METAMATERIALS NOW MADE TO
ORDER AT VISIBLE WAVELENGTHS
(J. JISCHER ET AL, IEEE SPECTRUM, 2/14P.35-.)

R, L,C COMPONENTS AT OPTICAL FREQUENCIES
ENGHETA, SCIENCE, 2007

WORLD
WAR I
166
WW I ACOUSTIC SENSOR
WW I ACOUSTIC ARRAY
METAMATERIALS NOT NEW: USED BY
MARCONI & FRANKLIN IN 1919 PATENT
(SEE: E. BROOKNER, MIMO RADAR DEMYSTIFIED, MICROWAVE J.,
1/2013, RADARCON 2009, PASADENA, CA; J. LI & P. STOICA, MIMO
5/17/2017 171
RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING, WILEY, 09; FRAZER, ET AL, 171
HOW CONVENTIONAL
PHASED ARRAYS WORK
HOW MIMO
PHASED ARRAYS WORK
NO
WAVEFRONT
WITH MIMO NO
UNCLASSIFIED, DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED
FOCUSED BEAM
ON TRANSMIT
CONVENTIONAL MIMO BEAM =
ARRAY BEAM ELEMENT BW
FOCUSED, BW10o 120o , NOT
FOCUSED
35766_brookner3_tk7| Page 174

MIMO MONOSTATIC ARRAY
XTMR/REC BEAMFORMER (BF) IN RECEIVER
1 2

3

i XTMR BF
.. .
N
.
MF1 WTi1k . WTijk = TRANSMITTER WEIGHT IN RECEIVER
. TRANSMITTER BEAM #
TRANSMITTER ELEMENT #
MFj WTijk .. + RECEIVER ELEMENT #
.
WRik = RECEIVER WEIGHT
..
RECEIVER BEAM #
E1k RECEIVER ELEMENT #
MFN WTiNk Eik ENk
WR1k WRik WRNk REC
+
BF
Ek = kth BEAM OUTPUT 175
MIMO WITH COLOCATED
THIN/FULL ARRAYS
N=10 EL THIN TRANS ARRAY
1 2 5 10
N=10 EL FULL
xxxxxxxxxx
/2
REC ARRAY
EQUIVALENT TO:
100 EL FULL ARRAY:
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
/2
MIMO HAS N=10
TIMES
ACCURACY &
RESOLUTION AS
CONVENTIONAL
ARRAY OF 10 EL
FOR N=100, 100X
ACCURACY &
RESOLUTION AS
CONVENTIONAL
ARRAY
FOR N=1000,
1000X
ACCURACY &
RESOLUTION AS
CONVENTIONAL
ARRAY
CONCLUDE:
MIMO HAS ORDERS OF
MAGNITUDE BETTER
RESOLUTION
& ACCURACY THAN
CONVENTIONAL
ARRAY
NOT
TRUE
MULTIPLE-INPUT MULTIPLE-OUTPUT (MIMO) AT

THAIPUSAM FESTIVAL, SINGAPORE
THAIPUSAM
RANGE VS TIME FOR mth SCATTERER:
FESTIVAL
SINGAPORE
DR. ELI BROOKNER
MULTIPLE-INPUT MULTIPLE-OUTPUT (MIMO) AT

THAIPUSAM FESTIVAL, SINGAPORE
MULTIPLE-INPUT MULTIPLE-OUTPUT
(MIMO) AT THAIPUSAM FESTIVAL,
SINGAPORE
MIMO
TYPICALLY HAS
LARGE SIGNAL
PROCESSING
LOAD
193
MIMO MONOSTATIC ARRAY
XTMR/REC BEAMFORMER (BF) IN RECEIVER
1 2

3

i XTMR BF
.. .
N
.
MF1 WTi1k . WTijk = TRANSMITTER WEIGHT IN RECEIVER
. TRANSMITTER BEAM #
TRANSMITTER ELEMENT #
MFj WTijk .. + RECEIVER ELEMENT #
.
WRik = RECEIVER WEIGHT
..
RECEIVER BEAM #
E1k RECEIVER ELEMENT #
MFN WTiNk Eik ENk
WR1k WRik WRNk REC
+
BF
Ek = kth BEAM OUTPUT 194
IS MIMO BETTER FOR GMTI? NO!
CONVENTIONAL MIMO SHOULD DO AS
WELL USING SAME THIN/FULL ARRAY
& SAME COHERENCE TIME
ASSUMPTIONS:
BOTH: fc=2GHz,
PRF=7.2 KHz
MIMO: THIN/FULL ARRAY,
N=5
SIMO(CONVENTIONAL):
FULL ARRAY, N=5
(PLOT FROM: D. BLISS, ET AL, GMTI MIMO Radar, 2009 International

195
Waveform Diversity & Design Conf.)
CLAIM
MIMO HANDLES
JAMMERS BETTER
THAN CONVENTIONAL
ARRAYS
NOT
TRUE
WHERE
MIMO
MAKES
SENSE 198
NEAR TERM APPLICATION OF MIMO:

COHERENT COMBINING OF RADARS
HERE N=2
FOR TRACK: 9DB PAG ADVANTAGE
Radar 1 SEARCH: 6DB PA ADVANTAGE
Radar2 DO NOT NEED

ORTHOGONAL
WAVEFORMS
(BOB ENZMANN/GEORGE THOME & LEON GREEN PATENTS;

SEE ALSO: COUTTS & COUMO, IEEE SAM 2006,BOSTON;
AND BROOKNER, ET AL, PATENT, US 2005/0231420 A1, 35766_brookner3_tk7|
10/20/2005 Page)199
ANOTHER POTENTIAL
APPLICATION OF MIMO
AUTOMOBILE
RADARS AT 70 GHZ
WITH 4 GHZ
BW SIGNALS
ANOTHER POTENTIAL
NEAR TERM
APPLICATION OF MIMO
OTH RADARS

ARE THERE ANY
OPERATIONAL
MIMO RADARS?
WHERE
MIMO
USEFULL?
BIODEGRADABLE ARRAY
OF LEDs OR TRANSISTORS
FOR DETECTING CANCER OR
DISPENSING INSULIN
USES SILK AS STRUCTURE
TUFT/UN. ILLINOIS
(EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES, TECHNOLOGY

REVIEW, MAY/JUNE 2010, PP 58-59) 35766_brookner3_tk7| Page 206
RUSSIAN S-500 REPLACEMENT OF S-300

DEFENSE SYSTEM ABLE TO ENGAGE
BALLISTIC MISSILES AT 125 MILE ALTITUDE
(660 KT) AT > 400 MILES RANGE
RUSSIAN
X-BAND S-300
FIRE
CONTROL
RADAR
HTTP://NATIONALINTEREST.ORG/BLOG/THE-BUZZ/S-500-RUSSIAS-
SUPER-WEAPON-COULD-KILL-THE-B-2-F-22-OR-F-35-20107
STEALTH DEFEATING
QUANTUM RADAR
MAKES USE OF QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT
DETECTION OF SINGLE PHOTON
CAN BE USED TO DETECT CANCER CELLS
ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY GROUP CORPORATION
(CETC) OF CHINA
TECHNOLOGY USED IN CHINA QUANTUM SATELLITE
FOR SECURE COMMUNICATION
HTTPS://WWW.RT.COM/NEWS/358664-CHINA-QUANTUM-RADAR-TEST/
QUANTUM RADAR
ELECTRO-OPTO-MECHANICAL (EOM) CONVERTER

GENERATES MICROWAVE-OPTICAL ENTANGLEMENT
USES QUANTUM CORRELATION BETWEEN MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL BEAMS
USES QUANTUM CORRELATION OF MICROWAVE & OPTICAL BEAMS TO
DETECT LOW REFLECTIVITY CANCER CELLS OR STEALTH AIRCRAFT
(S. BARZANJEH, QUANTUM ILLUMINATION AT THE MICROWAVE WAVELENGTHS, FEB.

6, 2015, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS)
BROOKNER BREAKTHROUGH REFS:
RadarConf 2008, Rome, Breakthroughs, 6/08
Microwave J. (MJ) 1/2008, Breakthrus
RadarConf 2007, Boston
Military Radar Conf. 10/09, 10/08, 10/07, Breakthrus
Radar 2007, Bangalor, India, Breakthrus
RF Alliance Conf.: Enabling Multi-antenna &
Broadband Systems, April 5-6, 2010, Breakthrus
IEEE Array-2010, Boston, Breakthrus
Microwave J. 1/2013, MIMO
ARRAY-2013, Boston, MIMO & Breakthrus, 10/13
Radar-2014, Lille, France, 10/14
8th Military Radar Summit 2/15, VA, MIMO;
Breakthrus
Radar-2015, VA, MIMO, 5/15
IET Radar-2015, Breakthrus, 10/15, Hangzhou, CHINA
IET Radar-2015, MIMO, 10/15, Hangzhou, CHINA
Microwave J. 11/2016, Radar & Phased Array
Breakthrus
ARRAY-2016, Advances and Breakthrus in Radar and 210
Phased-Arrays Advances and Breakthroughs in Radars and Phased-Arrays

BROOKNER MIMO REFS:
[1] E. Brookner, MIMO Radar: Demystified, Microwave J, Jan. 2013
[2] E. Brookner, MIMO Radars and Their Conventional Equivalents,
Radar 2015, Arlington, VA, May 10-15, 2015.
[3] E. Brookner, MIMO Radar Demystified and Where it Makes Sense to
Use, Radar 2014, Lille, France, Oct.13-17, 2014.
Use, IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and
Technology (ARRAY-2013), Oct. 15-18, 2013
Use, IEEE ICASSP May 4-9, 2014, Florence, Italy
Use, RadarCon 2014, Cincinnati, Ohio, May 19-23, 2014
[7] E. Brookner, MIMO Radars and Their Conventional Equivalents An
Update, IET International Radar-2015 Conference, Oct. 14-16, 2015,
Hangzhou, China.
[8] E. Brookner, MIMO Radars and Their Conventional Equivalents,
Radar 2015, Arlington, VA, 5/11-15/15
[9] E. Brookner, MIMO Radars Demystified - And Their Conventional
Equivalents, IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems
and Technology (ARRAY-2016), Oct. 18-21, 2016
86
5/17/2017 212
ASPECTS OF
MODERN RADAR
Tracking and
Eli Brookner Kalman Filtering
Made Easy
TAKE 2 TRANSISTORS . AND
CALL ME IN THE MORNING
Pat Arena
BEFORE AFTER
THE
5/17/2017
END 220
BACKUP
ASPECTS OF
MODERN RADAR
Tracking and
Eli Brookner Kalman Filtering
Made Easy
BROOKNER REFS
RADARCON 2008
MICROWAVE J. 1/2008
RADARCON 2007
MILITARY RADAR CONF. 10/09, 10/08, 10/07
RADAR 2007, BANGALOR, INDIA
RF Alliance Conference: RF Alliance Conference:
Enabling Multi-Antenna & Broadband Systems,April 5-6,
2010
IEEE INT. PHASED ARRAY SYMP. (ARRAY-2010), 10/10,
BOSTON
The End
BEFORE AFTER
REUSE, COTS AND GOTS FOR LOW COST
(AFTER LTC STEVE WILLHELM, 2ND MILITARY RADAR CONF, 5/7/08)

IRIDIUM AT SMITHSONIUM
L-BAND
3 ARRAY
PANELS
PHOTO
COURTESY OF
RAYTHEON
PHOTO COURTESY OF
RAYTHEON
COBRA JUDY REPLACEMENT (CJR)
S
X
X-BAND
ARRAY ANTENNAS:
46X29 X-BAND
42X30 S-BAND
(See:P. MORAN & C. REASONOVER, NSSC LEADING EDGE, VOL 7, NO. 2; Also:
WASHBURN, D. & W. RISAS, CJR, MICROWAVES & RF, 11/2010, PP 136, 138)
CJR TEAM CELEBRATE A
SUCCESSFUL FIRST LIVE-LAUNCH
235
PHOTO COURTESY RAYTHEON

SEPT. 07 MOORE
PREDICTS
HIS LAW HAS
10-15 MORE
YEARS TO GO
236
5/17/2017 236
CONVENTIONAL
ARRAY CAN
CANCEL
HOT CLUTTER

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LATEST DEVELOPMENTS

DR. ELI BROOKNER

A leader in RF test for Modern Radars

MM/DD/YYYY Edit Footer: >Insert >Header & Footer 3

l Microwave test solutions to 110 GHz

l Functional test with radar echo

l Multiport test solutions for AESA test

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Useful application notes on R&S.com:

1MA207 - Introduction to Radar System and Component Test

1MA127 - Overview of Tests on Radar Systems

1MA278 - Measurement of Beamforming Antennas in Transmit Mode

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DR. ELI BROOKNER

COBRA DANE (1)

EMPAR ITALY/UK ARTHUR SWEDEN

FLAP LID RBE2 RADANT

BROOKNER, Micr. J 1/08

PAVE PAWS (4) USA USA USA

MARTELLO RAT 31DL

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USA USA (5)* [19]* USA [9]**

COBRA (>30)* EUROPE/USA UK SAMPSON UK

F-15 F/A-18 F-16

(PICTURES COURTESY RAYTHEON)

(US NAVY PHOTO)

(US NAVY PHOTO)

(A. L. TOLLEY & J. BALL, NSSC LEADING EDGE, VOL. 7, NO.

PICTURE COURTESY RAYTHEON

AESA, 4-FACES, S-BAND,

(Courtesy of CEA Technologies Pty.

HAS 1000 ELEMENT

a.) LOCKHEAD MARTIN (LM) SPACE FENCE RADAR SITE,

(BROOKNER, MICROWAVE J.,JAN. 2006)

(BROOKNER, MICROWAVE J.,JAN. 2006)

(SEE DAVIS AND FANTE, IEEE AP TRANS.,

(BROOKNER, MICROWAVE J.,JAN. 2006)

(E. BROOKNER & j. HOWELL,

(E. BROOKNER & j. HOWELL,

X-Band GMTI/SAR Active

AFTER BROOKNER, ASPECT OF

X-Band GMTI/SAR Active

AFTER BROOKNER, ASPECT OF

S COURTESY RAYTHEON; SEE ALSO EAR

USING TUBES $35 STICK WOULD:

PROF. GABRIEL M. REBEIZ

1740mm2, largest RF chip ever pr

Largest phased arrays at 60 GHz

S. ZINIR & G. M. REBEIZ,

(G.KLARI,, ET AL, SINGLE CHIP MM RADAR, MICROWAVE J., 1-14-15;

(SHI, JIAM, ET AL, A CORRELATED NICKELATE SYNAPTIC TRANSISTOR, NATURE

CAN DO WHAT THE MOUSE

DRS. ELI & ANNA OF POLAND DO

WITH THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF CROWD SOME

(M. PEPLOW, IEEE SPECTRUM 7/7/14)

(A. PIGGOTT, J . VUCKOVIC, NATURE PHOTONICS, 10 1038 2015)

SINGLE LAYER MoS2

MATERIAL WITH MAN MADE

<0 <0 n<0

*METAMATERIAL SURFACE ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY

*METAMATERIAL SURFACE ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY

(US PATENT 2014/0266946 A1, SEPT. 8, 2014)

(US PATENT 2014/0266946 A1, SEPT. 8, 2014)