Dr.

Seyed Javad Hosseini

GAS DELIVERABILITY TEST PDB 3013

July 2017

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 LESSON OUTCOMES
1. Define gas deliverability test.
2. Describe flow-after-flow, isochronal, and
modified isochronal deliverability tests.
3. Analyze deliverability test using Rawlins and
Schellhardt empirical equation.

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 WHAT IS DELIVERABILITY TEST?
Deliverability test is a test conducted to predict the
capability of a gas well to deliver against a
specific bottomhole flowing pressure.
A common productivity indicator obtained from
these deliverability test is absolute-open-flow (AOF)
potential.
Absolute-open-flow (AOF) is the maximum rate at
which a well could flow against a theoretical
atmospheric pressure ( = 14.65 ).
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 DELIVERABILITY TEST ANALYSIS
Deliverability test
analysis equations

Empirical Theoretical

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 RAWLINS-SCHELLHARDT EMPIRICAL EQUATION
Rawlins-Schellhardt presened an empirical equation
that relates bottomehole flowing pressure and rate.
The equation in terms of pseudopressure is written as,

= (1)
where,
C=stabilized performance coefficient
n=deliverability exponent
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 CONTD
Eq. 1 shows that plot of [ ] vs
q on a log-log graph gives a straight line with
slope / and intercept ().

To determine C and n, the following tests are

conducted
Flow after flow (FAF) test
Isochronal test
Modified isochronal (MIC) test
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 FLOW AFTER FLOW
It is also called backpressure or four-point tests.

1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

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 FAF TEST ANALYSIS

4
=
,4

Then, AOF can be estimated from,

=

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 EXAMPLE 1
Estimate the AOF potential of a well with pressure and rate data are given in the table
below:

Current average pressure is = 407.6 , = 1.6173 107 2 /

= 14.65 , = 2674.8 2 /

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 SOLUTION
1 log 3.582106 log(3.56105 )
Slope= =
log 20.177 log(4.288)
Slope= 1.491 1.00E+08

= 0.671
4 1.00E+07
=

m(p),psi2/cp

,4
20.177 1.00E+06
=
3.582106 0.671
= 8.0731 104 1.00E+05

Therefore, AOF from Eq. 1 becomes

1.00E+04
= = 14.65 = 1 10 100
q, MMscf/D
4 7 0.671
= 8.0731 10 1.6173 10 2674.8
= . /
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 Summary:
Procedure
1. Plot Pp vs q on log-log graph paper and construct
best-fit line through the data points.
2. Determine the deliverability exponent, n.
3. Determine stabilized performance coefficient, C.
4. Calculate AOF of the well.

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 ISOCHRONAL TEST
Isochronal test is a series of
single point tests developed
to estimate stabilized
deliverability characteristics
without flowing the well for
the time required to achieve
stabilized conditions.
1 2 3 4

1 = 2 = 3 = 4

where 1 , 2 , 3 , and 4 are

flowing durations

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 EXAMPLE 2
q, Pp(Pwf),
Estimate the AOF of this t, hrs MMscf/D Pp(Pwf), psi2/cp psi2/cp
well using the Rawlins- 0.5
0.983
2.631
9.64E+06
9.00E+06
3.33E+05
9.69E+05
Schellhardt analysis 3.654 8.57E+06 1.40E+06
4.782 8.05E+06 1.92E+06
technique. Current
average pressure is = 0.977 9.54E+06 4.31E+05
1 2.588 8.74E+06 1.24E+06
352.4 , = 3.565 8.21E+06 1.76E+06
9.9715 106 2 / 4.625 7.61E+06 2.36E+06

0.97 9.42E+06 5.54E+05

= 14.65 , 2 2.533 8.44E+06 1.53E+06
= 2098.7 2 / 3.453
4.438
7.79E+06
7.10E+06
2.18E+06
2.87E+06

0.965 9.34E+06 6.33E+05
3 2.5 8.44E+06 1.53E+06
3.39 7.54E+06 2.43E+06
4.318 6.78E+06 3.19E+06
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214 1.156 7.53E+06 2.44E+06
 q, Pp(Pwf),
t, hrs MMscf/D Pp(Pwf), psi2/cp psi2/cp
0.983 9.64E+06 3.33E+05
0.5 2.631 9.00E+06 9.69E+05
3.654 8.57E+06 1.40E+06
4.782 8.05E+06 1.92E+06

0.977 9.54E+06 4.31E+05

1 2.588 8.74E+06 1.24E+06
3.565 8.21E+06 1.76E+06
4.625 7.61E+06 2.36E+06

0.97 9.42E+06 5.54E+05

2 2.533 8.44E+06 1.53E+06
3.453 7.79E+06 2.18E+06
4.438 7.10E+06 2.87E+06

0.965 9.34E+06 6.33E+05

3 2.5 8.44E+06 1.53E+06
3.39 7.54E+06 2.43E+06
4.318 6.78E+06 3.19E+06

Internal 214 1.156 7.53E+06 2.44E+06

 SOLUTION
1. Plot = ( ) vs. q on log-log graph paper. Also plot =
(, ) vs.

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 2. Determine the deliverability exponent, n, for each line or isochron.
3. Calculate the arithmetic average of the n values, .

4. Determine C,
1.156
=
= = 2.39 106
, 2.443106 0.89

5. Calculate AOF,


= = 14.65 = 4.04 /

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 MODIFIED ISOCHRONAL TEST This test overcomes the limitation of
the isochronal test, which requires
long shut-in times to reach
the average reservoir pressure. In
the modified isochronal test, the
shut-in periods are of equal
duration, as are the flowing
periods. The final shut-
in pressure before the beginning of
1, 2, 3,
the new flow is used as an
approximation of the
average reservoir pressure.
Note:

1, = 2, = 3,
Where 1, , 2, , and 3, are shut-in
durations
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 EXAMPLE 3 t, hrs q, MMscf/D Pp(pws), psi2/cp Pp(pwf), psi2/cp Pp,psi2/cp
0.5 1.52 5.09E+07 4.38E+07 7.14E+06
Using the following modified isochronal test 2.041 5.09E+07 3.97E+07 1.12E+07
data, calculate the AOF using Rawlins and 2.688 5.09E+07 3.40E+07 1.69E+07
Schellhardt technique. 3.122 5.09E+07 2.98E+07 2.04E+07

= 706.6 , = 5.093 107 2 / 1 1.52 5.09E+07 4.35E+07 7.41E+06

2.041 5.09E+07 3.92E+07 1.17E+07
= 14.65 , = 2766.6 2 / 2.688 5.09E+07 3.35E+07 1.75E+07
3.122 5.09E+07 2.94E+07 2.08E+07

1.5 1.52 5.09E+07 4.33E+07 7.61E+06

2.041 5.09E+07 3.91E+07 1.18E+07
2.688 5.09E+07 3.33E+07 1.76E+07
3.122 5.09E+07 2.92E+07 2.10E+07

2 1.52 5.09E+07 4.32E+07 7.72E+06

2.041 5.09E+07 3.90E+07 1.19E+07
2.688 5.09E+07 3.31E+07 1.78E+07
3.122 5.09E+07 2.90E+07 2.11E+07
Extended flow point

t, hrs psi2/cp Pp(pwf,s), psi2/cp Pp, psi2/cp

qs, MMscf/D Pp (),
24 2.665 5.09E+07 3.28E+07 1.82E+07
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 SOLUTION
Step 1: Plot = ( ) ( ) vs. q on log-log graph paper. In addition, plot on
the same graph = (, ) vs. that corresponds to the stabilized,
extended flow point. For each time, construct the best-fit line through the data points.

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 CONTD
Step 2: Determine the deliverability exponent, n, for each line or isochron.
Step 3: Calculate the arithmetic average of the n values, .

Step 4: Determine C,
2.665
=
= = 1.13 105
, 1.82107 0.74

Step 5. Calculate AOF,

= = 14.65 = 1.13 105 5.0935 107 2766.6 0.74
= 5.701 /

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 SUMMARY

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