المصاعد.pdf

(1) Control panel
/ (2) Electrical motor Drive / Driving
s(3) Sheave
(4) Counter-weight
(5) Guide rails
(6) Car
(7) Buffer

/
/ / /
/ /
-1-
Department of Consulting
Engineering & Technical
Electro-Mechanical Services
-2-

)Car Platform( :
.
)Car Frame ( :

Safety gear
)Re-Leveling( :
" "
)Minimum Breaking Load Of A Lifting Rope( :

( )2
( / )2 .
)Lift Hoist way) ) Well( :

" " .
)Control( :
.
)Automatic Operation( :

.
-3-
)Operating Single Automatic Button( :

)Operating Destination Group Automatically( :

" "
)Operating Automatic collective & Non Selective( :

" "
)Operating Automatic Double Collective & Selective( :

(
).
)Lift Pit( :
.
)Rated Load( :
.
)Car Enclosure( :
.
-4-
)Clearance Bottom Of Car( :

.
)Clearance Top Car( :

.
)Guides( :

.
)Passenger( :
.
)Rated Speed( :
.
)Car( :
.
)Leveling( :
.
)Pulley Room( :

.
)Machine Room( :
.
)Traveling Cable( :
.
-5-
)Control Panel( :
.
)Lift Machine( :
.
)Landing Indicator( :
.
)Safety Gear( :
" "
( ))Progressive Safety Guard( :

)Buffered Safety Guard( :

.
)Buffer( :

.
)Travel( :
.
)Positive Acting Lift( :

.
-6-
)Traction Drive Lift( :
.
())Freight Lift( :
.
)Car Gate Electric Contact( :

.
)Speed Governor( :

)Toe Guard( :
.
)Unlocking Zone( :
.

3-3.5 cm
-7-
:
( 55 52)
( 55-52) ] ........ [22/57/8
.
Lock Device
( ) Unlocking Zone
.
-8-
.
-9-
- 10 -

( (

C/W: Counter Weight
- 11 -
MRL: Machine Room-less
- 12 -
Machine Room-less
- 13 -
Driving System
(1) Traction Method
Two types of driving systems for rope-type elevators include drum
method (winding-drum type elevator) and traction method (traction type
elevator). The traction method comprises the following:
(a) Geared
Motor rotation (speed) is reduced by 1/10th using a speed reducer
equipped with worm or helical gear, and transmitted to the traction
sheave of the traction machine.
(b) Gearless
The traction sheave is connected directly to the shaft of the traction
motor, and the motor rotation (speed) is transmitted directly to the
traction sheave without any intermediate gearing.
(2) Hydraulic Type

With the hydraulic type driving system, the hydraulic power unit forces
oil into the hydraulic jack (a combined plunger and cylinder) and the
plunger pushes the car up wards using energy stored in the oil under
pressure. The car descends automatically as the oil returns to the
cylinder along the same route. Car-and-jack combinations are described
after.
Following the introduction of the machine-room-less traction method
elevator, production figures for hydraulic-type elevators have been
falling each year.
(a) Direct Acting (direct plunger driving)
Plunger pushes up car directly at 1:1 ratio of plunger-to-car
movement.
- 14 -
2-1 Hydraulic Drive
a) Direct acting
Plunger is connected directly to the car, which moves the car up and down at 1:1
ratio of plunger to car movement
b) Indirect Acting (suspended type or robed hydraulic drive)

Plunger is connected to car by roping using a deflector and suspension sheave,
moves car up and down at a 1:2 ratio of plunger to- car movement.
Direct Acting
Direct Acting Indirect Acting
Indirect Acting
(Side Plunger)
Jack Guide rail
Deflector Sheave
Car Guide Rail Plunge Plunger
r
Plunge Plunger
r
Plunge Piping
Plunge
r
r
Rope
Deflector sheave
Cylinder
Cylinder Car Guide Rail

Jack Casing
(3) Roping systems
There are various roping systems as shown in the figures and tables below. Although
they vary according to the traction speed, rated load, and other factors, roping should
be kept as simple as possible. Reducing the number of deflectors and suspension
sheaves improves longevity and efficiency of the ropes.
With 2:1 or 4:1 roping, car speed is reduced or , respectively of the rope speed,
because suspension sheaves are provided above (or below) the car and counterweight,
and both ends of the rope are attached to the machine room beams. With these roping
systems, load on the rope is reduced to or as well, hence the diameter and number
of ropes can be reduced.
- 15 -
3-1 Elevator Roping Systems
Elevator Roping Systems
Fig. Roping Roping method Principal use
A 1:1 Half wrap (Single wrap) Mid- low- speed elevators

B 1:1 Full wrap (Double wrap) High- speed elevators
C 1:1 Drum winding Home elevators
D 1:1 Drum winding Small, low-speed elevators
E 2:1 Full wrap (Double wrap) High- speed elevators
F 2:1 Half wrap (Single wrap) Freight elevators
G 2:1 Half wrap (Single wrap) Machineroom-lest elevators
H 3:1 Half wrap (Single wrap) Large freight elevators
I 4:1 Half wrap (Single wrap) Large freight elevators
- 16 -
Types of elevators:
1) According to kind of service:

Good & Service Dumb Waiter (food)
Bed Freight Passenger (*)
Normal Hand cap
: Hand cap (*)

(ENB1-1 , 2) ( Stairway) ( Car operation panel) (C.O.P)
Car (Single, Double) Deck (Single, Double)
2) According to Control Type

Operating single automatic button Collective up or down

Operating Automatic Double collective Selective

up and down
( )

Destination System

3) According to Construction of control

Relays group PLC) Programming Logic Control(
Microprocessor Microcontroller
4) Kind of Power Driven

Single Speed 2- Speed DC Drive
(Motor generator, Static converter)
Multi Variable Speed A/C Hydraulic acting (Direct, Indirect)
VVVF Drive (variable Volt, Variable Frequency) Variable Speed rated to variable frequency.
- 17 -
5) According to driving System
a) Traction Method
Geared Gearless
b) Hydraulic Type
Direct Acting Indirect acting
6) Roping system: (
1:1 2:1 3:1 4:1
** Door Safety
Photocell Safety edge
Door load detector Curtain light
7( Hoist way [well] ():
Item Description Remarks

Value Unit
Hoist way Width
... m
) 2 1(
Hoist way Depth
... m

Hoist way Height
... m ) 3(

Inspection door dimension
... m 6.6 1.4

The guide travel of b the car still
possible in the upward 2
... m )0.1+0.035 V )

The free height above the roof of
2
the car enclosure ... m )1+0.035 V )

Distance between the lowest part
of the roof of well and the highest
pieces of equipment fixed on the
2
roof ... m )0.3+0.035 V )

- 18 -
): ) 8( Elevator pit
That part of the hoist way below the lowest landing level served by the elevator car.

Pit Depth Value Unit 5.5

Clear distance between the bottom

of the pit and the lowest portion of
the car. ... m 6.5

The Clear distance between the
bottom of the pit.
... 6.1
m

9( Car, counterweight and clearance in the well

) )
Item Description Recommendation
value Unit Based on Egyptian code
Car Width ... m

Car Height ... m (1 2)3

Car Depth ... m

Rated load ... kg

Rated speed m/s

Number of passengers ... passenger = 55

Toe guards ...

Car door clearance ...
mm
6
Trap and emergency door
dimension ... 6.5*6.35

car lighting ... 50 lux

Counter weight ... kg = ) %56-%46( +

- 19 -
(Continued: 9
Clearance between the car and the
*
lift and wall facing the car entrance ... mm
(
for lift with car door
) 6.15

... mm
*
35
*
... mm

6.12
Clearance between wall and facing
... mm
6.65
Clearance between wall and counter

weight ... mm
6.65

- 20 -
10( Suspension , compensation, safety gear and over speed governor

Item Description Recommendation
value Unit Based on Egyptian code
Rope Diameter
...
mm 8

Tensile Strength
... N/mm 0211/
Rope Safety Factor

... 01/0

Number of Rope
...
Rope
.
Dsh eav e
D ro p e ...
31 .

Junction Between the Rope %81
and the Termination
... 01 .
.
Compensation Rope mm
Diameter ...
1.4 / .
Dsheave 21.
Dcomp.rope ...

Safety Gear Type for Car :

0/
...
0 /
1.52/
Safety gear Type for Counter : 0/ .
weight

... : 0/.

Over Speed Governor limit
... %115

- 21 -
11( Guide Rails
Value Unit
No. ...
.
...
Shape T
... .

Stress on Guide Rail ( )166 { 2 / 356
... } 2/

Deflection for Guide Rail
... 3

Total deflection at point of
support
... 5.5

4
Dimension
...

): ) 12( Buffer
Item Description Egyptian Code
Value Unit
TYPE.
5 / .

...
5.6 / .

Stroke of car )(135 V

. 65
... m ( )5 ( )4

- 22 -
13( Elevator Car Finish ) ( :

Wall Finish Furnish and install :
*stainless steel and laminate interiors of the style
... offered as standard by the car manufacturer, or as
selected for the specific project.
*Freight cabs will usually be painted steel.
Ceiling Finish
...
Floor Finish
Furnish and install
1. Sheet vinyl floors,
2. On passenger and dual purpose cars
3. [2-inch] tongue-and-groove, kiln- dried oak flooring
...
4. Steel with embossed nonskid pattern, or as
otherwise selected, on freight cars
5. Ceramic tile or other brittle, non-resilient material
may be used for Architectural design. Colors will
be selected by the Owner from samples offered as
standard by the car manufacturer.
14(Landing Door ()
Item description Remarks
value Unit
Landing Door Type
...

Height
...

Width
...

Landing Door clearance
... mm
. 6
Landing Door Finish
...

Mechanical strength N
... 366
2 5
- 23 -
Continued 14)
Item Definition Unit Recommendation

Car Door Finish brushless stainless steel-painting
...
stainless steel, cold-rolled steel
Door Width ...

Door Height ...

Opening
Configuration ...

15( Elevator Car Mirror () :
Required Not required
Item Description Unit Remarks

Mirror Type

Mirror Position .

Mirror Width

Mirror Height

16( Elevator Car Door:

[A device that opens to enable access to the elevator car]
Horizontally sliding, single-section Horizontally swinging, single-section
Horizontally sliding, centre opening Horizontally swinging, centre opening)
Horizontally sliding, two-speed (Combination horizontally sliding and swinging
Horizontally sliding, two-speed, centre Vertically sliding, bi-parting, counterbalanced)

opening
Vertically sliding up-to-open, Vertically sliding down-to-open, counterbalanced
counterbalanced
- 24 -
17( Elevator Traffic Analysis:
[Analysis of traffic requirements information enabling design of the elevator]
Description Recommendation
Item Based on Egyptian code
value unit
Contract Capacity ... Kg )3-2-1(

Building Population ... %

Number of Elevators ...

Down Peak Nr. Of Stops
...
Up Peak Nr of Stops
...
No. of Floors Served Above

Main Terminal Level ...

Average Number of Passengers ... passenger

Distance to Express Zone ... m

Percent of Population. ... %

Door Opening Time ... Sec.

Door Closing Time ... Sec.

Passenger Loading Time ... Sec.

Passenger Unloading Time ... Sec.

Single Floor Flight Time ...

Time Making a Stop ... Sec.

Contract Speed ... m/sec.

- 25 -
( :)1
(: )1 ()
()
- 26 -
:)3(
- 27 -
( )0 ()

5333 633 453 333 ()
:
5533 5333 ()
5533 5533 5333 033 ()
5533 ()

033 ()**
5333 ()

5033 5633 ()
5633 5533 5633 ()
()
5533 5533 ( )v 1/
5033 ( )v 1,1/
5033 ( )v 5,2/
()
4333 ( )v 1/
4433 ( )v 1,1/
5433 ( )v 5,2/

( )v 5/
55 53 0,5 ()5
5433 5533 ()*
4533 3033 3533 ()*
5333 ()
( )v 5,6/
53 55 54 ()5
5433 5533 ()*
4533 3033 3533 ()*
5533 ()
( )v 5,5/
56 54 ()5
5033 ()*
4533 3033 ()*
5633 ()
* .
** = ( 566 ) .
- 28 -
( )1 ()

( .... -)
5633 5553 5333 033 633 ()
:
5053 5633 5353 5533 ()
5053 5433 ()
5333 5533 ()

5533 033 ()**
5333 ()

5633 5433 5033 5033 ()
5633 5333 5533 ()
()
5533 ( )v 1/
5033 ( )v 1,1/
5033 ( )v 5,2/
()
4333 ( )v 1/
4433 ( )v 1,1/
5433 ( )v 5,2/

( )v 5/
55 55 53 55 ()5
3533 5533 ()*
5533 4033 3033 ()*
5033 5433 5533 ()
( )v 5,6/
55 55 53 55 ()5
3533 5533 ()*
5533 4033 3033 ()*
5033 5433 5533 ()
( )v 5,5/
55 55 53 50 ()5
3533 5033 ()*
5533 4033 ()*
5033 ()
* .
- 29 -
( )2
()
[] []
()2 () ()2 ()
2,26 066 6,35 166
2,35 055 6,58 186
2,46 1666 6,56 225
2,56 1656 6,06 366
2,65 1125 1,16 355
2,86 1266 1,15 466
2,06 1256 1,36 456
2,05 1255 1,45 525
3,16 1356 1,66 666
3,25 1425 1,66 636
3,46 1566 1,55 655
3,56 1666 1,06 556
4,26 2666 2,66 866
5,66 *2566 2,65 825
* 2566 26,16 166 .
- 30 -
- 31 -
( )4

( )5

() ()
( /)
() S=67.4v2 S=135v2
65 6,63
135 1,6
105 1,2
155 386 1,6
265 1,55
256 2,6
426 2,56
426 665 3,6
555 1685 4,6
- 32 -
( :)4
- 33 -
Commissioning and startup
:

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-3

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- 41 -
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Related titles

(1) Control panel

/ (2) Electrical motor Drive / Driving

)Minimum Breaking Load Of A Lifting Rope( :

)Lift Hoist way) ) Well( :

)Operating Destination Group Automatically( :

)Operating Automatic collective & Non Selective( :

)Operating Automatic Double Collective & Selective( :

( ))Progressive Safety Guard( :

)Buffered Safety Guard( :

)Positive Acting Lift( :

)Car Gate Electric Contact( :

( 55-52) ] ........ [22/57/8

(2) Hydraulic Type

b) Indirect Acting (suspended type or robed hydraulic drive)

Cylinder Car Guide Rail

(3) Roping systems

Elevator Roping Systems

Fig. Roping Roping method Principal use

A 1:1 Half wrap (Single wrap) Mid- low- speed elevators

1) According to kind of service:

Bed Freight Passenger (*)

Normal Hand cap

: Hand cap (*)

Car (Single, Double) Deck (Single, Double)

2) According to Control Type

Operating Automatic Double collective Selective

3) According to Construction of control

4) Kind of Power Driven

Multi Variable Speed A/C Hydraulic acting (Direct, Indirect)

1:1 2:1 3:1 4:1

Door load detector Curtain light

7( Hoist way [well] ():

Item Description Remarks

Item Description Remarks

Clear distance between the bottom

9( Car, counterweight and clearance in the well

Rope Safety Factor

Item Description Egyptian Code

Stroke of car )(135 V

Item Description Remarks

Item Definition Unit Recommendation

15( Elevator Car Mirror () :

Required Not required

Item Description Unit Remarks

16( Elevator Car Door:

Horizontally sliding, single-section Horizontally swinging, single-section

Horizontally sliding, centre opening Horizontally swinging, centre opening)

Horizontally sliding, two-speed (Combination horizontally sliding and swinging

Horizontally sliding, two-speed, centre Vertically sliding, bi-parting, counterbalanced)

No. of Floors Served Above

* 2566 26,16 166 .

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