1

BlN-eLae - QLvp-hhpu, es-hc, BdeL QLvp J eaaL pwNj

Su iQk

Lbl Lb
BlN-eLae eu BS pm HLSe QLvpLl Ahe bL eae Ll fW Lll jT HL eae Ll fhl Bec BR,
eae Ll ihl LRV TyLJ BRz 1953 pml jQ jp k mM hwm pqal HL pfc qph BafLn LlRm
pm HL gl fsa Nm hRl pjul hhde QLvpl hd, pqal hd pjS-pwal fla fla k ph flhae
Ahnhih OVR pphl Rf a fshCz H Rfm hd Ll mMLL ja Ll gm ez ja mMLl u pfcl pc
qph HLSe fWLl GZ Sj quz

H Efep HLV hno e eu BR jaz ja AeL rC nfl Leipl ja LS Ll HMe k fVija Shel Lb,
hyQ bLl Lb, jeo ab lNl Lb hm quz H LlZ H Efep eu Lb hma Nu AeL nra jeol-C je fsh
BlLV kNl p The Death of Ivan Ilych-Hl Lbz L cVl jT HLV jmL fbL BRz Cie CmQ HLSe h, Lhm
HLSe h qph eSl lN-kZ, Apqeu L hqe Llz CmQ j-hLna AZ pl Se cJu pjSl pe h victim.
BlN-eLael She jnu jeol hqje, kf Shel jT a HL h ke faV fm-AZ fm jeol jTC bLe, Hl
flj Becju Efa Aeih Llez hfla Cie CmQl lN flal jqa - He wept on account of his helplessness,
his terrible loneliness, the cruelty of man, the cruelty of God, and the absence of God. al LR Le Dnl eC, Le QLvpL
eC fn cysel Se, eC Le hhz 1886 pm mM H Nfl pb BlN-eLael pjul fbL 70 hRllz Lj Ea h
aMe Lo-Abea eil lnuaJ HLL hl Bhih OV NRz 1953-l hwmu jeo J She jnul ja QLvpL
pjSLih a, jnul lNlJ pjSL jeo, HLL h euz Bl AeL Bb-pjSL-pwaL-lSeaL Efce RsJ
eae jXpe Hhw QLvp hh dl dl HC hL jeol Se ph Ll amm, hno Ll eNlL ilaz BlN-eLae
Hl HLV Sh cmm hm ka flz XiX Be Bjcl See k 1947-flha pju fQj npel Ahpel fl fQj
QLvp k Aiafh jea J rja ASe LlR ilaho Hl BN LMe a OVez H HL Aa hfla z (Be, The rise
of western medicine in India, Lancet 1998, 348, pp. 1075-1078.)
- Constituent
Assembly- ( )
- I wish to submit that the word "medical" that is being used in India for
some time past has been laying too much stress on the medicinal side, of the health
problem of this country. The word 'medical is a misnomer. - It simply means
medication and therefore we have come to a position when we feel that the administration
of the medical department could only be seen and looked at from the point of view of
what medicines are useful in the country.
medicalization - I would submit, Sir, that having
studied the medical question from different points of view, I have come to the
conclusion that it is the duty of the State to see that every individual, every human
being who possesses of body, must know something about the preservation, protection and
prolongation of life. The word "medical" is a wrong word. I would submit that the word
in India was Ayurveda, science of life.
- -
( )
- - Nor was India completely converted to allopathy.
Even in the 1920s and 1930s there remained a far larger number of practitioners of the
traditional systems of Indian medicine (principally yurveda and Unani) than of
western medicine. The latter's failure to penetrate large areas of the countryside was
one factor in this; no less important was the preference for a more familiar system of
medicine and a way of understanding disease, health, and the body that was perceived to
be more effective, sympathetic, or simply cheaper.

947-Hl fl She jnul Lk-jz

BlN-eLae eu hi l, fla fla BmQe Ll kuz a fWL, pjmQL, NhoL Hhw Bl AeL a LlJRez
Bjcl BmQeu Bjl Lhmj pjua bLh QLvpL She jnu, ayl QLvp, pj jeol pb ayl Oe-fe HLa
 2

Hhw fcv-Hl jd cu BdeL QLvp J Hl hi fLlZl k Bhih al pb jnul pfL Lih hhaa, eja J Qs
flZaa fyRR (HL Ab catharsis-J hV) p flplVLaz H flplVLaJ fWl AjO J ihL euj fWLl eae
hM, Aepel eae pmL-pe Hp jmhz

Efepl Nsl cL kMe j-haua She jnul pb BdeL QLvpl pwOal Leip lQa qR p pju pdlZ jeol
QM jnul hZe cRe mML -- p Bjml Xl, aJ fp-Ll euz Bpm qasz HMeLl QLvpu La Ea quRz p
phl LR Se ez
LE LE hm, Nhc z

HMe Hp HLV fRe gl aLa CR Llz 1799 pm gVl (H. P. Forster) pqhl mM A Vocabulary, in Two Parts,
English and Bongalee, and Vice Versa fLna qmz Vocabulary-l 2u M fLna qm 1802-Hz 2u M Nhc nVl
EM BRz CwlS fan cJu BR Quack doctor. Bhl 1j M Surgeon-Hl hwm fan qph BR Ahc, Bpl
QLvpL, OllS, Oul JT Cacz Buhc-Hl CwlS fan qph BR Physic (the Science). hn LaqmSeL k cV
Ml HLVaJ AeVj nV eCz HjeL dissection-HlJ Le EM eCz HLV Vocabulary h dictionary kc HLV hno
pjSL Shel flhn hQljZ nhml pjql hTu (Hhw hhJ OV), aqm HV mrZu k Acn nal no h
Eehwn nal HLhl Nsu CwlS pqhl eS cn Bqla AeVj h XpLne-Hl e Hcnl nhml Se fuSeu
je LlRe ez Bjl Bjcl BmQa Efep cMh Lih Lhmj H cV houl Jfl cMm Lih QLvp nl el
pwqpe cMm LlRz

Efepl Lb
1956 pml 13-C BNV (BlN-eLae-Hl 2u pwlZ fLna qhl fl) hjLn jSjclL HLV QWa alnwLl
SeuRme - She jnu hh Rme L e fn LlRez Rmez ayL cMR, ayl Joc MuRz Hhw kph lN J lNl Lb
mMR al fel BeC paz...Lnl kl ej al hmhupVu BjC Lnlz

fQe ilau en Aeku far ab Ade CwlSa hm hhqa embodied experience bL k l Efeplz H LlZ
Bl fyQV Efepl pb BlN-eLael fbL hnoih Qqa quz Efepl EeQe OVR Hih - BlN-eLae Abv
QLvpmuz qpfam eu cah QLvpmuJ eu--chfl Njl ae flo QLvp-hhpu jnucl QLvpmuz
hno Ll 1835-H LmLa jXLm LmS all fl H cn qpfam jXpe, QLvpl Se qpfam Hhw fa HmLu
QLvp ejL Aa nnm pjSl nLsL fyR chl Se fQl pwMu cah QLvpmu h Xpfepl al qa bLz
Efepl fbj AeRcC mML H cVl pb BlN-eLael fbL pQa Llmez H cV bL Bmc HLV fae, Bhl
cah euz QLvp-hhpu jnucl QLvpmuz AbQ She jnul QLvp hhpul Le EMkN eSl NV Efep eCz
laC Efepl hSj kfa qu - miew nu BlNj Abv BlN-miC pwpll n miz HlLj HLV jepL Ahe
bL j AbeaL mil Se QLvp Ll ph euz hl Le jml hcm phL in kind dlZ imhpl jm cu
Efepl HLV Ql fle Lml mL fle - Mal gpm, fLll jR Xll hs jd jd fWuz LMeJ eSC eu Bpz

In cash Hhw in kind-Hl Vefse l qu ku Efepl HLhl Ns bLz mr Lll qm dea-El lt hwml k Q
alnwLl HyLRe pMe BdeL QLvpl faed qu QLvpL fcv-Hl k p Bjl cM ayl jTJ BSLl ja hSl
ela fZ jml BLwM Aefaz Jyl LRJ lNl BlN mi-C fde fz jal j-l nllL Ahl Ahea qm Jyl
fau EQla qu - e: , hyQ kh hs ! ja LR MlQ Lla fa BR, hLV qpfam bL hh Ll JL Bj Ms Ll
chz JL jla Bj ch ez (Bjcl eSlVe)
Hhw HC faul qa dl Bp cV hoj el SNal pwOaz She jnu lNl es flr Ll ece qyLez (HMe ecel
hhql quR prognosis Ab, kcJ Buhc ece hma fbmS h etio-pathogenesis hTuz)
Os es jnu See k ece qyL ayl hsL jla qh ez hs eSC jlhz jnu hme - ae jp L R jp -- Hl jdC J
jl khz Jl AeL hd fo BRz
fcv-Hl hh -- fepme, VVjCpe - H-l - Hphl kN Jih ece qyLhe ez Hm WL euz Ss hV pc f
Hphl Lm bL AeL cl HNu HpR Bjlz
 3

Bjcl LR HL mqju flgV qu, HLcL Buhcl -co a AecL BdeL jXpel fbmS, jSL hmV ab
AVhJVL-eil QLvp fa - H cul jT Aeaj pwOa al qRz Efepl l l dl fs Njl jeol eSl
jeo qph jnul Ahe, ayl Jfl qc-jpmje, Sa-hZ ehno phl eila, es flru ayl Aaz Bhl BdeL
QLvp J qpfaml Jfl jc Naa Aehk eilnmaJ Se eRz l qR cV eal pwNjz no Ahd hSul hn
Bp BdeL QLvpz fcv ihL euj hSul AjO ha OoZ Ll - a Rs Hph qm CeqEje -- AjeoLz
AjeoL LhlS QLvp dl dl e Rs ch qEje -- jeoL QLvpl LRz She jnu ayl pj Lm-pa e, faV
jeh pel Se faal jja, Shel HL hh qu jeol She me qu bL - Hpj LR eu ql khez BdeL
QLvp hel HLSe je J eilkN NhoL Roy Porter Ahn je Lle - I do not think that "winners" should
automatically be privileged by historians...but there is good reason for bringing winners to the foreground - not because they are
the "best" or "right" but because they are powerful. (The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Harper Collins, 1997, pp.1-2)

HMe Bl c-HLV Lb hm eJu imz fbjV qm Buhc cql dlZ jL, cql jT AeLm pahq em
Cac luR km cu hu f Lgl ja hi lp fhqa quz HlLj hi lpl ilpjl Aih, fLa h jLpj-Hl
pb hoja Lwh BNS LlZ (kl lf elfZ Ll ku e) lNl Evfz cql flpl lNl fLn OVmJ lNl Se
hrC cqal flplz H LlZ HMe lNl diagnosis-Hl QCa AdLal la fu prognosis. BlN-eLael fu
100 hRl BN pk Xi Qhal 1864 pm hVn jXLm Sem-H fLna HLV mMu emjZ pe ej HL LhlSl
EM BR, aeJ lNl prognosis eMyaih hm ca flaez
Hl hfla, BdeL QLvpu cql dlZ jL z fbmSLm AeVj, nh-hhRc Hhw lNl Lo h A-eLa H
QLvp faL flj fau Ll amR z au, es flrl houV hqul (QlL, pna Hhw hNiV) k fQe e-il aa
Aal Le la fu ez lVe flrl HLV fa qph hhQa quRz Ade Buhcl Caqpl r Qmje hnLo
qph La J ph-je jEmeh je Lle - A new branch of yurveda suddenly appears in the thirteenth and fourteenth
centuries. This branch, called Nad stra, is concerned with diagnostics and prognostication by means of the examination of the
pulseI feel that Nad stra did not become fully integrated with yurveda, since most treatises contain only few verses on the
subject, while, on the other hand, a separate class of monographs on pulse lore came into existence. (G. Jan Meulenbeld, The
Many Faces of yurveda, Journal of the European yurvedic Society 1995, 4: 1-10)

Bjl HLV ihm hTh lN elfZl ec, pWL J A Le fa Llu e bLl Se flhaLml Buhcl es
flrl cL hn hn Ll TyLRez HL eil esl Na-fLa hTa fup quRez hr pmi-J LlRez es
flrl pb AeL r, hno Ll lY hl, a-pdeJ k quRz alnwLl H Aml jeoz HLcL jm Buhcl ece
J BNS lNl dlZ euRe, AecL flhaa Qqll es-eL LlRe Buhcl fde z 1947-flha pju hs
LWe flaa Buhcl pdLl aycl AaL hyQu lMa fup quRez Hcl pm ioS e (k e EfehnL QLvp
HLpju ioZlLj Ba LlRm, fl gjpEVLm Lfel Ehl pb pb fZa fL Ll cuz), jeo Aal fa
jja, kN J nrll LR bL nM es-ez

alnwLll pwLV l quR H kfbz ae hh She She jnuL cMRez ayl Apje jehL Aa jafV hs
Shih EvLZz Bhl avrZL h fLm flgV lNl r BdeL QLvpl Aph n J pheLJ ALl Lla
flRe e, hl eL Q HL NqZ LlRez jnul Qu hlS Ll -- H QLvp-n hfm NahN HNu QmRz AehrZ
k Mm cuR chcz lNvfl dlZl Bjm flhae qu kRz BS phC fu BNL hdl fkui qu Nmz
H Rs ae A-QLvpl Lb eRez V h-a VVjCpe RsJ f-H-Hp hm HLV Jod hluR hm eRez cVl
hhql eL BQk gm fJu kuz lmm Xll Lb je fs ayl -- d fmeVC QM fsR ajl ; jeo al p
Ahlj msC LlR cMR e? fR qWC BpR p QlLm - L k-r bL fW cMu fmu Bp ez eae eae AL
Ehe LlR, BhLl LlRz p Ql a hlj eC alz jaL ld Ll kh e, ja bLhCz L lN ehlZ p Llhz

She jnu - fcv Xl

HarZ fk QLvp eu k BmQe qm Hl hCl Bl LR lafZ cL lu ku jnul fp, Hje L HlLj Aa-
pwr BmQeaJz jnu fbj She jXLm m bL fn Ll AmfbL QLvpL qa QuRmez L p hpe fZ qu
e Shel HL hno js Hpz fl lmm Xll LR no qph fnra qe BdeL QLvpuz H OVej cV hfl
Bjcl Laqm Llz HLcL lmml BdeL QLvpu nra qu JW, AecL jnul no Ahd nr no Lla e flz
lmml She cV hs hyL BRz qc flhl bL jnel m Nu fbj pwl-Qa OVz fl HC pwl-Qa, pdlZ
jeol iou eLhc fbl, julrl Sm ip kJu jl Ve eu gm gm Ll Ql cMe, HL Lbu private dissection.
HC dissection BdeL QLvpL pfZa HL eae eaL ijl Jfl fa LlRz Bjl jlZ lMh Een naLl no
Hhw hwn nal la eh-Buhc hm Buhcl k eae Bhih OV al i-fl al LlRm AeVjl BdeL fWz H
hfl hwmu fbLv Rme NZeb pez
 4

jnuL nr ca Nu lmm HLhl hmRme -- a Rs Buhc BNS hd hm kMe bjR, CElfl QLvp-hc
jCfl LmZ ShZ BhLl Ll Aeje J EfpNl pje Rsu QLvpu Qm HpR hcl HNuz Hl LRce fl
pha es-hno LhlS qu JWl ihah eu, Ahn Efepl fV Aeku, She jnu XpLnel flru gm Llez
kaV efq qm XpLne Ll ph (kL Bjl BdeL QLvpl fliou William Hunter-Hl hMa E necessary
inhumanity h clinical detachment hm) pV ayl Llu qu ez
lmm SheL hmRme -- ajl Xl nMV hd qu WL qm e Shez ajl p heL je euz Lk qmC ajl je
Mnz Le qm - p Aepvp ajl je eCz aj hlw Xl, LhlS, jkN aeV euC ajl VCpCLm al Llz Ja
QsC k l Llz

Bjcl je fs ku 1899 pm hVn jXLm Sem-H fLna R. Havelcok Charles-Hl lafZ fhl Lbz p fh
ilaucl AeVjl e pfL ayl fkhrZ Rm -- The education of the Indian has in the past been
purely an intellectual training, and consequently he is defective in scientific
observation and curiosity, being marked more; for his powers of subtle speculation and
poetic fancy, whilst lacking that exactness of learning given by the laborious
investigation of facts. (The Progress of the Teaching of Human Anatomy in Northern
India, BMJ 30 Sept. 1899, pp. 841-844)

lmml pb L Aa jm qimL Qmplz ilau J CElfu dll ea J nrZl jT jmL J pf iclM a:-
fLnaz Bhl el HC hno empirics-L iu Ll BdeL QLvpL fcv h BdeL QLvpz el SNa eVm
Bahnp quJ Aa empirics-Hl AmL faLj e iu fuz fcv-Hl jMl Lbu -- LuLV LpC Bj BfeL
qa cMa cC ez Bjl iu qa, Bfe L fhe - L hm chez Bfel qa cML Bjl pju pju iu mNz

fcv-Hl pb LbfLbe Shel BlLV Nilal pa EQlZ Lle She jnuz jaL faV cn-Am-SeN-pwa
eSl eSl ja Ll cM HpRz ae ayl QLvpL She HLcL kje SZ fleal r jal ece qyLRe, Bhl
AecL k fhZ, k h hupJ hSel Bnu, hLjl Lj aL hyQa jlZl p msC LlRez HlLj Le QmQ al
qu e aMe k Apa jeC Nql flQa flhn bL qpfaml hno flhn k l qh, Bl no qh Bl AeL
lNl jT lNl eS flplz lNl Shel hha Ba qlu kh qpfaml Aeau flhnz ja pw Hph dlZ
aMe ph jgVjez Cie CmQl iou - The white man's image of death has spread with medical
civilization and has been a major force in cultural colonization. (Limits to Medicine,
Penguin, 1976, p. 180)

QLvp-ja-She jnu
ppjul hwml pju-hqa, Aia-pa flhn khe-Sl-hL-ja-L Shel ihL flZa qph cMl jepL k
fdea hlS Llaz hrC QLvpl iuhqal Qu ihL ja hn Lj Rmz je L lNl ja Ahdla SeJ She
jnu hlwhl fljecl nlZ eez

eSl hNa SheJ ae H hnp a bLez ayl qvf aehl BjZ quRmz au BjZl BNl ce eSC jal
nll lf hZe LlRme fcv-Hl LR -- Xlhh, HChl p hLmam bL hnj pl EW cysmz fcv-Hl hnpkN je
qu e LbVz LlZ, lQf pC HLlLjC Rmz Hlfl lQf hhLC hsRmz pa fu Ae qu fsRmez Hl Lce
fl quRm aau BjZz fcv XlL hmRme -- BjL Ojl Jod c e ez Ojl jd jla Bj QC ez Bj pe
ka QCz

nih ae jal far LlRmez ae Seae p BpRz al ful de ae ea fuRez fcv cMm - fNt HLV
nl Ru nZ jMjm Rsu fsRz

She jnu Qm Nmez al BN fcv-Hl pb ayl pM al quRz QLvpl el eae plL ae n je NqZ LlRe,
Na SeuRez fcv ab QLvpL aMe hSl-eua HLSe flohL qu JW ez aMe pc de ilahol jeh-
ph ejl Bcnhc ayl QM mN luRz aMe eECuL Bl eqV HLLl qu ku ez kc ka aqm p She jnul ja
nku ayl p qu bLa ez LlZ, LhlS h esl e p pju ea fL HLV hou qu EWRz Lhmj LV LV
jeol cn BdeL -flohl EfLlZm fyR cJu ph eu hm Ade AYUSH-Hl jT HL eu eJu quz

-hel k euZ Lla bL jeol hyQ bLl CR, dle-dlZLz CElf H houV Bjcl AeL BN OVRz Hl
AiOa BlL kNl pqaL cuil Nil fkhrZ Rm -- You see, gentlemen, reason is a good
 5

thing, that can't be disputed, but the reason is the only reason and satisfies only
man's intellectual faculties, while volition is a manifestation of the whole of
life...life frequently turns out to be rubbishy, all the same it is life and not merely
the extraction of a square root. (Notes from underground, Penguin, 1972)

Native
Medical Institution-

As the students of the NMI and its staffers dispersed into the
qasbas and towns of the North Indian countryside, so did their new ideas and texts.
(Seema Alavi, Islam and Healing, p. 98) -

,
,

, ?
-

The Making of the Indian Atomic Bomb

heL e, pju J Iaq-mma Aia, ja, She, hyQ bL, jeol She fcel jT a QLvpL, nLsqe
qpfam Cac Aflju fpl HLV Qmje BmM BlN-eLae k QLvp-hhpul AijM qmJ hhp Ll e, Shel
BlLV j Hhw ial Ab hqe Llz
- ? - ,

,
!
-