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1. QUY NH CHUNG
Ngoi kinh doanh bo him, kinh doanh ti bo him, nhng ni dung hot ng
ca doanh nghip bo him nhm h tr cho hot ng kinh doanh bo him tt
hn, gii quyt bi thng kp thi y cng nh u t vn nhn ri t qu
bo him gp phn sinh li tr thm bo tc cho khch hng.
Cu hi 17. Doanh nghip bo him phi hnh thnh qu sn sng chi tr cho
khch hng tham gia bo him. Trong trng hp cn thit c quy nh
nh th no?
Tr li:
Qu d phng nghip v bo him phc v cho vic sn sng chi tr cho nhng
ngha v thanh ton tin bo him hay bi thng cam kt vi khch hng khi
ri ro hoc s kin bo him xy ra. iu 96 Lut KDBH quy nh:
"1. D phng nghip v l khon tin m doanh nghip bo him phi trch lp
nhm mc ch thanh ton cho nhng trch nhim bo him c xc nh
trc v pht sinh t cc hp ng bo him giao kt.
Tr li:
V c bn, vn ch s hu v d phng nghip v ca DNBH c thi gian tm
thi nhn ri nht nh. s dng hiu qu ngun vn ny, DNBH c th u t
sinh li. iu 98 Lut KD BH quy nh:
1. Ngun vn ch s hu.
a) Mua tri phiu Chnh ph, tri phiu doanh nghip c bo lnh, gi tin
ti cc t chc tn dng khng hn ch;
b) Mua c phiu, tri phiu doanh nghip khng c bo lnh, gp vn vo
cc doanh nghip khc ti a 35% vn nhn ri t d phng nghip v bo him;
c) Kinh doanh bt ng sn, cho vay ti a 20% vn nhn ri t d phng
nghip v bo him.
Trong u t an ton v sinh li cao gn nh i lp nhau. V vy phi quy
nh c th t l u t vo tng lnh vc trnh ri ro mo him mt vn mt
qu d phng nghip v thc hin cam kt vi khch hng.
Bin kh nng thanh ton ca doanh nghip bo him l phn chnh lch gia
gi tr ti sn v cc khon n phi tr ca doanh nghip bo him ti thi im
tnh bin kh nng thanh ton. Cc ti sn tnh bin kh nng thanh ton ca
doanh nghip bo him phi bo m tnh thanh khon. Cc ti sn b loi tr
ton b hoc mt phn khi tnh bin kh nng thanh ton ca doanh nghip bo
him thc hin theo hng dn ca B Ti chnh.
B Ti chnh l c quan gim st ch tiu trn m bo rng trong sut
thi gian hot ng doanh nghip bo him lun c bin kh nng thanh ton tt
tng xng vi trch nhim bo him m doanh nghip bo him cam kt sn
sng bi thng cho khch hng.
Doanh nghip bo him b coi l c nguy c mt kh nng thanh ton khi bin
kh nng thanh ton ca doanh nghip bo him thp hn bin kh nng thanh
ton ti thiu.
iu 19 N 46 quy nh:
Cu hi 24. Vic thu chi ti chnh ca DNBH chu s hng dn, gim st,
kim tra nh th no khch hng c th tin tng c cc khon thu v
chi ca doanh nghip bo him l hp l hp l?
Tr li:
iu 99 Lut KDBH quy nh:
1. Thu, chi ti chnh ca doanh nghip bo him, doanh nghip mi gii bo
him c thc hin theo quy nh ca php lut.
2. B Ti chnh hng dn, kim tra vic thc hin ch ti chnh i vi cc
doanh nghip bo him, doanh nghip mi gii bo him.
Nh vy, thu chi ti chnh ca doanh nghip bo him chu s kim tra
gim st ca cc c quan qun l Nh nc nh cc doanh nghip khc (c quan
thu, thanh tra, kim ton). Ngoi ra, B Ti chnh l ngi hng dn, kim tra
trc tip vi doanh nghip bo him.
Cu hi 27. ngh cho bit bo him Phi nhn th bao gm cc loi nghip
v g?
Tr li:
Bo him c rt nhiu sn phm khc nhau, c phn chia thnh 11 nhm nghip
v chnh.
iu 7 Lut KDBH quy nh cc loi nghip v bo him phi nhn th
b) Ngn ng s dng trong quy tc, iu khon bo him phi chnh xc,
cch din t n gin, d hiu. i vi thut ng chuyn mn cn xc nh r
ni dung, th phi nh ngha r trong quy tc, iu khon bo him;
2. Doanh nghip mi gii bo him hng dn, t vn cho khch hng tham
gia bo him theo yu cu ca khch hng.
b) i l bo him.
3. Khng c chi tr hoa hng bo him cho cc i tng sau:
a) T chc, c nhn khng c php hot ng i l bo him, hot ng
mi gii bo him ti Vit Nam;
Nh vy, khch hng khng c nhn hoa hng bo him phi nhn th khi mua
bo him cho chnh c nhn hoc doanh nghip ca mnh.
Cu hi 34. Sau khi nhn bo him, DNBH ti bo him cho cc DNBH khc
c nh hng g n quyn li ngha v ca khch hng mua bo him
khng?
Tr li:
iu kin v cch thc bi thng c cam kt hp ng bo him l trch
nhim ca DNBH nhn bo him. Vic ti bo him nh th no, c i c
cng ty nhn ti bo him bi thng hay khng l vic ring ca DNBH. D th
no i na, DNBH l ngi chu trch nhim bi thng tn tht thuc ri ro c
bo him gy ra cho ngi tham gia bo him. iu 27 Lut KDBH quy nh r
1. Doanh nghip bo him chu trch nhim duy nht i vi bn mua bo him
theo hp ng bo him, k c trong trng hp ti bo him nhng trch nhim
nhn bo him.
2. Doanh nghip nhn ti bo him khng c yu cu bn mua bo him trc
tip ng ph bo him cho mnh, tr trng hp c tho thun khc trong hp
ng bo him.
3. Bn mua bo him khng c yu cu doanh nghip nhn ti bo him tr
tin bo him hoc bi thng cho mnh, tr trng hp c tho thun khc trong
hp ng bo him.
Tuy nhin, nu ti bo him cho doanh nghip bo him c kh nng ti chnh yu
khi tn tht ln xy ra, doanh nghip nhn ti bo him c th ph sn s lm nh
hng ti doanh nghip bo him. Doanh nghip bo him ny vn phi c ngha
v bi thng y cho khch hng. V vy, B Ti chnh c quy nh r rng
ch ti bo him cho cng ty bo him nc ngoi t tiu chun xp hng t BBB
tr ln theo xp hng quc t.
5. NHNG QUY NH V HP NG BO HIM
Trong thc t, doanh nghip bo him cung cp cho khch hng giy chng nhn
bo him hoc n bo him ghi c nhng yu t c bn ca hp ng bo
him v c coi l bng chng k kt hp ng bo him.
iu 15 Lut KDBH:
Trch nhim bo him pht sinh khi hp ng bo him c giao kt hoc
khi c bng chng doanh nghip bo him chp nhn bo him v bn mua
bo him ng ph bo him, tr trng hp c tho thun khc trong hp
ng bo him.
Vic va chp nhn bo him xong thu ph bo him l doanh nghip bo him
phi c trch nhim bi thng cho khch hng. V vy cn phi quy nh r hp
ng bo him nht thit phi lp thnh vn bn v quy nh r thi im pht
sinh trch nhim bo him gn cht ngha v ca doanh nghip bo him, bo
v quyn li khch hng ngay t thi im pht sinh trn.
Cu hi 55. Thi hiu khch hng mua bo him khi kin lin quan n hp
ng bo him c quy nh nh th no?
Tr li:
Khi khng tn thnh cch chi tr hoc gii quyt bi thng ca DNBH, khch
hng c bo him c th thng lng vi DNBH gii quyt. Nu khng
gii quyt c c th khi kin ra ta n hoc trng ti xt x. iu 30 Lut
KDBH quy nh r:
Thi hiu khi kin v hp ng bo him l ba nm, k t thi im pht sinh
tranh chp.
Thi hiu khi kin ghi trn cc hp ng bo him ca doanh nghip bo him
son tho sn tt nhin khng c nh hn 3 nm v nu di hn 3 nm th cng
c khuyn khch. Quy nh thi hiu khiu kin doanh nghip bo him c
iu kin khi phc, thu thp h s ti liu trc lin quan n khiu kin
gii trnh trc c quan xt x hoc ho gii.
Cu hi 60. Khi mua bo him ti sn, khch hng mua bo him k khai s
tin bo him nh hn gi tr thc t ca ti sn c bo him th c nh
hng g khi gii quyt bi thng?
Tr li:
Khi k khai s tin bo him nh hn gi tr thc t ca ti sn s lm cho DNBH
nh ph bo him cho khch hng tham gia bo him phi ng thp hn. Khi gii
quyt bi thng, DNBH mi c th pht hin ra vn trn v c quyn bi
thng thp hn, tng ng vi t l ph bo him m khch hng mua bo
him ng so vi ph bo him l ra phi ng nu k khai ng gi tr bo
him. iu 43 Lut KDBH quy nh:
1. Hp ng bo him ti sn di gi tr l hp ng trong s tin bo him
thp hn gi th trng ca ti sn c bo him ti thi im giao kt hp
ng.
2. Trong trng hp hp ng bo him ti sn di gi tr c giao kt, doanh
nghip bo him ch chu trch nhim bi thng theo t l gia s tin bo him
v gi th trng ca ti sn c bo him ti thi im giao kt hp ng.
Nh vy, nu k khai gi tr ti sn thp hn gi th trng th khch hng s gp
nhiu thit thi trong gii quyt bi thng nu tn tht xy ra.
Cu hi 63. DNBH gii quyt bi thng cho khch hng tham gia bo him
bng mt trong nhng hnh thc no?
Tr li:
Ti sn b tn tht c th c nhiu cch khi phc li ti sn bng cch sa
cha phn h hi, thay th bng ti sn tng ng, trong c th DNBH lm
nhng vic trn hoc ngi c bo him ng ra lm v c DNBH thanh
ton li cc chi ph b ra khi c DNBH chp thun. iu 47 Lut KDBH quy
nh:
1. Bn mua bo him v doanh nghip bo him c th tho thun mt trong cc
hnh thc bi thng sau y:
a) Sa cha ti sn b thit hi;
b) Thay th ti sn b thit hi bng ti sn khc;
c) Tr tin bi thng.
2. Trong trng hp doanh nghip bo him v bn mua bo him khng tho
thun c v hnh thc bi thng th vic bi thng s c thc hin bng
tin.
3. Trong trng hp bi thng theo quy nh ti im b v im c khon 1 iu
ny, doanh nghip bo him c quyn thu hi ti sn b thit hi sau khi thay
th hoc bi thng ton b theo gi th trng ca ti sn.
Cu hi 64. Ai l ngi c quyn gim nh tn tht v thanh ton chi ph
gim nh nh th no?
Tr li:
Gim nh v chi ph gim nh tn tht c quy nh trong HBH. Nu HBH
khng c quy nh th p dng theo Lut KDBH. iu 48 Lut KDBH quy
nh:
1. Khi xy ra s kin bo him, doanh nghip bo him hoc ngi c doanh
nghip bo him u quyn thc hin vic gim nh tn tht xc nh nguyn
nhn v mc tn tht. Chi ph gim nh tn tht do doanh nghip bo him
chu.
2. Trong trng hp cc bn khng thng nht v nguyn nhn v mc tn tht
th c th trng cu gim nh vin c lp, tr trng hp c tho thun khc
trong hp ng bo him. Trong trng hp cc bn khng tho thun c vic
trng cu gim nh vin c lp th mt trong cc bn c yu cu To n ni
xy ra tn tht hoc ni c tr ca ngi c bo him ch nh gim nh vin
c lp. Kt lun ca gim nh vin c lp c gi tr bt buc i vi cc bn.
Chi ph gim nh trong trng hp ni trn nu ph hp vi gim nh ban u
th khch hng phi chu, nu khc vi kt qu gim nh ban u th doanh
nghip bo him chu.
5. K nng bn bo him;
6. Quyn v ngha v ca doanh nghip bo him, i l bo him trong hot
ng i l bo him;
..2. Doanh nghip mi gii bo him hng dn, t vn cho khch hng
tham gia bo him theo yu cu ca khch hng.
Theo iu 5 Ngh inh 118 x pht hnh chnh cc hnh vi vi phm trong lnh vc
kinh doanh bo him:
a) Khng cng b hoc cng b sai s tht ni dung hot ng theo cc quy nh
ca php lut c lin quan;
a) Thu, mn, chuyn nhng Giy php thnh lp v hot ng hoc Giy php
t Vn phng i din;
c) Kinh doanh hoc hot ng khng ng ni dung ghi trong Giy php thnh
lp v hot ng hoc Giy php t Vn phng i din;
d) Tip tc hot ng, kinh doanh khi b nh ch hot ng kinh doanh hoc
b thu hi Giy php thnh lp v hot ng hoc Giy php t Vn phng
i din.
a) Kinh doanh bo him, kinh doanh mi gii bo him khng c Giy php;
Tc quyn s dng Giy php thnh lp v hot ng, Giy php t Vn phng
i din i vi nhng hnh vi vi phm hnh chnh quy nh ti im b khon 1;
khon 2; im b v im c khon 3 iu ny.
Buc khi phc li tnh trng ban u b thay i do vi phm hnh chnh quy
nh ti khon 1 v khon 2 iu ny gy ra.
a) Mc vn iu l;
a) Buc khi phc li tnh trng ban u b thay i do hnh vi vi phm hnh
chnh gy ra c quy nh ti khon 1 v khon 2 iu ny;
a) Buc khi phc li tnh trng ban u b thay i do hnh vi vi phm hnh
chnh gy ra c quy nh ti khon 1 iu ny;
a) Thng tin, qung co sai s tht v ni dung, phm vi hot ng, iu kin bo
him lm tn hi n quyn v li ch hp php ca bn mua bo him, hoc ca
doanh nghip bo him khc;
b) Tranh ginh khch hng di cc hnh thc ngn cn, li ko, mua chuc, e
da nhn vin hoc khch hng ca doanh nghip bo him, i l bo him,
doanh nghip mi gii bo him khc;
c) Khuyn mi bt hp php;
a) Buc khi phc li tnh trng ban u b thay i do hnh vi vi phm hnh
chnh gy ra c quy nh ti khon 1 iu ny;
b) Doanh nghip mi gii bo him khng thc hin ngha v mua bo him trch
nhim ngh nghip cho hot ng mi gii bo him ti doanh nghip bo him
hot ng Vit Nam.
a) Doanh nghip bo him khng thc hin ngha v ti bo him bt buc theo
quy nh ca php lut;
Buc khi phc li tnh trng ban u b thay i do cc hnh vi vi phm hnh
chnh gy ra c quy nh ti khon 1 v khon 2 iu ny.
b) Doanh nghip bo him tr hoa hng bo him cao hn t l hay tr hoa hng
bo him khng ng i tng theo quy nh php lut;
c) Doanh nghip mi gii bo him thc hin vic t vn, gii thiu cho bn mua
bo him cc quy tc, iu khon, biu ph bo him cha c B Ti chnh ban
hnh, ph chun hoc cha c ng k vi B Ti chnh.
2. p dng cc bin php khc phc hu qu:
Buc khi phc li tnh trng ban u b thay i do cc hnh vi vi phm hnh
chnh gy ra c quy nh ti khon 1 iu ny.
a) Khng trch lp hoc trch lp khng d phng nghip v theo quy nh;