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72. For example, if there is one enemy combatant in a shopping
plaza full of 400 civilians, it would not be considered
proportional to the blow up the plaza. However, if there is a
high value military target in an area with far fewer civilians (a
car or a private home) an attack and the collateral damage may
be consider justifiable under the rule of proportionality.
73. Principle Of Last Resort - stipulates that all non-violent options
must first be exhausted before the use of force can be justified
74. St. Thomas Aquinas is one of the earliest philosophers on what
makes a just war. His list of criteria were intended to protect
civilians and guarantee that wars were not just fought for the
interest of private parties.
75. Treaty of Westphalia - European settlements of 1648, which
brought to an end the Eighty Years War between Spain and the
Dutch and the German phase of the Thirty Years War. The
peace was negotiated, from 1644, in the Westphalian towns of
Mnster and Osnabrck
76. Just War Theory - The purpose of the doctrine is to ensure war
is morally justifiable through a series of criteria, all of which
must be met for a war to be considered just. The criteria are
split into two groups: "right to go to war" (jus ad bellum) and
"right conduct in war" (jus in bello).