1"

"
CHAPTER 1 WAVES. GELOMBANG
.gelombang*
1.1 UNDERSTANDING WAVES Gabus*bergerak*ke*
MEMAHAMI GELOMBANG *dan*ke*..*

Gelombang*memindahkan**
*
SPM 2009
" Which diagram shows the production of a Jenis*gelombang*
longitudinal wave?
Rajah manakah yang menunjukkan penghasilan
suatu gelombang membujur?

" Gelombang*melintang*

" "
"
Contoh*:"."
"
"
"

"
Gelombang*membujur*
"

.."
"
Contoh*:"."
.."
" "

"

"

" "
Fungsi*:*Untuk*
" "
....*
gerakan*objek*
" "

"

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""Untuk*mengkajigelombang"

" " Pembentukan*imej*gelombang*pada*skrin*tangki*riak*

"
" i.""Cahaya"daripada"lampu"akan"di".."apabila"
melalui"gelombang"air."
"
" ii."Puncak"gelombang"air"akan"."cahaya."
""""Jalur".."terbentuk."
" " "
1" iii."Lembangan"gelombang"air"akan".."cahaya."""""
" """""Jalur".."terbentuk."
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"

"""" " " " " " Panjang"gelombang,""ialah"

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
."""""""""""""""""""""
SPM 2010

Diagram shows a wave.

Rajah menunjukkan satu gelombang. Amplitud,"a"ialah
" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""".."
"

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""Tempoh,*T*
ialah.*
* ******
*
" "

"

The speed of the wave is 4.0 m s-1. The distance

of 5 consecutive crests is 8 m. What is the
frequency of the wave?
Laju gelombang itu ialah 4.0 m s -1. Jarak bagi 5************************************************Frekuensi,*
f
puncak berturutan ialah 8 m. Berapakah frekuensi
F""=""
gelombang itu? """"""".."
A 0.4 Hz B 0.5 Hz C 2.0 Hz D 2.5 Hz
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""Laju"gelombang,"v"
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"
"
"
SPM"2008""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
v**=**
""" ********.**
"
"
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""Hubungan"antara"v,"f"dan""
" """""""""""""""f"malar" """"""""""""""""""v"malar"
" "malar"
" * ..*
" v* f.* f*
" ********* v* *********
" *********
"
"
"
"
*
f*
*********

*
f*
*********
 3"
"
"
"
" "
" Pelembapan)dalam) Berlaku*kerana*kehilangan*..*/*
" sistem)ayunan) "
rintangan*/*..*
"
"
"
"
" Amplitud*..*
"
"
"
" "
" Tenaga**..*
"
"
"
"
" Tempoh**..* Frekuensi*..*
"
"
"
"
" Tempoh**=**s* Frekuensi**=** "
" *
"
" *******************=*Hz*
" *
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
" Resonans Resonans*berlaku*pabila*suatu*sistem*dipaksa*bergetar*pada**
" *yang*sama*dengan*frekuensi*..*yang**
" disebabkan*oleh*luar.*
"
"
"
"
" Eksperimen*bandul*Barton*
"
"
"
"
"
"
" Frekuensi"asli"ialah".............................................."
"
" "
" *
"
"
"
"
""""""""""""Apabila"X""di""ayunankan,"bandul""akan"berayun"dengan""maksimum."
"
"
"
"
" I*Bandul*.*dan*bandul*..*mempunyai*panjang*yang*sama.*
" *
"
I*Frekuensi*ayunan*bandul**............***=***Frekuensi*ayunan*bandul*.*
"
*
I*Bandul*D*berayun*dengan**maksimum*untuk*menghasilkan*
fenomena**
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"

ANSWER*ALL*THE*QUESTIONS.)JAWAB)SEMUA)SOALAN)

) )
JUJ*2010*
1.* Waves are sent along two long springs X and Y as shown.
Gelombang dihantar di sepanjang spring X dan Y seperti yang ditunjukkan pada gambar rajah
berikut.

What is the type of wave in X and Y represents?

Apakah jenis gelombang yang ditunjukkan oleh X dan Y?

Spring X Spring Y

A Transverse. Melintang Transverse. Melintang

B Transverse. Melintang Longitudinal. Membujur

C Longitudinal. Membujur Longitudinal. Membujur

D Longitudinal. Membujur Transverse. Melintang

2. Diagram shows a stroboscope used to study water waves in a ripple tank. Which statement
explains the function of a stroboscope in that study.
Rajah menunjukkan sebuah stroboskop digunakan untuk mengkaji gelombang air dalam tangki
riak. Pernyataan manakah menerangkan fungsi stroboskop dalam ujikaji itu.

JUJ*2009*
 5"
"

A.! To ensure the water depth is uniform. Memastikan kedalaman air seragam
B To make the frequency constant. Menjadikan frekuensi seragam
C To freeze waves patterns on the screen. Membekukan gelombang di atas skrin
D To ensure wavelengths are uniform on the screen.
Memastikan panjang gelombang seragam di atas skrin

3.

Which is true about the diagrams (a) and (b)?

Yang manakah benar tentang rajah (a) dan (b)? JUJ*2008*

A. (a) is transverse wave, (b) is longitudinal wave and both are non-mechanical waves
(a) ialah gelombang melintang, (b) ialah membujur dan kedua-kedua bukan gelombang
mekanikal
B. (a) is transverse wave, (b) is longitudinal wave and both are mechanical waves
(a) ialah gelombang melintang, (b) ialah membujur dan kedua-kedua adalah gelombang
mekanikal
C. (a) is longitudinal wave, (b) is transverse wave and both are non-mechanical waves
(a) ialah gelombang membujur, (b) ialah melintang dan kedua-kedua bukan gelombang
mekanikal
D. (a) is longitudinal wave, (b) is transverse wave and both are mechanical waves
(a) ialah gelombang membujur, (b) ialah melintang dan kedua-kedua adalah gelombang
mekanikal

4. Which of the following is a correct example of a longitudinal wave and of a transverse wave ?
Pernyataan yang manakah adalah contoh yang betul bagi gelombang membujur dan gelombang
melintang ?

Longitudinal Wave Transverse Wave

Gelombang Membujur Gelombang Melintang
A Gamma Ray Sinar Gamma Light Cahaya

B Sound Bunyi Gamma Ray Sinar Gamma

C Light Cahaya Radio Radio
D Radio Radio Sound Bunyi
 6"
"

5. Diagram shows a pendulum oscillates between an equilibrium position, O , experiences a

damping effect.
Rajah menunjukkan sebuah bandul berayun melalui kedudukan keseimbangan, O, mengalami
kesan pelembapan.

JUJ*2012*

B" "A"

O"
Which of the following amplitude against time is correct?
Graf amplitud melawan masa yang manakah adalah betul?

"
 7"
"

6. Diagram shows the displacement-time graph of a wave. JUJ*2013*

Rajah menunjukkan graf sesaran-masa bagi suatu gelombang.

s"(m)"

5"

t"(s)"
2" 4" 6" 8"
U5"

f""=""1"
""""""""T"
What is the frequency of the wave?
Berapakah frekuensi gelombang tersebut? "v"="f""

A. 8 Hz C. 2 Hz
B. 0.5 Hz D. 0.25 Hz

7.
JUJ*2012*

Diagram shows a displacement-time graph. Find the wavelength if the velocity of the waves is
30ms-1.
Rajah menunjukkan satu graf sesaran-masa. Tentukan panjang gelombang jika halaju
gelombang ialah 30ms-1.

A. 30 m B. 60 m C. 90 m D. 120 m

8. Waves produced in a ripple tank have speed of 5 cm s-1 and frequency of 4 Hz. What is the
wavelength?
Gelombang yang dihasilkan dalam suatu tangki riak mempunyai halaju 5 cm s-1 dan frekuensinya
ialah 4 Hz. Berapakah panjang gelombang itu?

A. 0.85 cm B. 1.25 cm
C. 1.45 cm D. 2.00 cm
 8"
"

9. In the following diagram, the frequency of the circular waves generated is 5 Hz. JUJ*2008*
Dalam rajah berikut, frekuensi gelombang bulat yang dijanakan ialah 5 Hz.

What is the speed of the waves?

Berapakah laju gelombang itu?

12cm

A.! 2.5 cm s-1

B.! 5.0 cm s-1
C.! 10 cm s-1
D.! 15 cm s-1

"
"
10. An audio signal generator produces sound with constant speed. When the frequency of the sound
increases, its wavelength
Sebuah penjana audio menghasilkan bunyi dengan halaju yang sekata. Jika frekuensi
bunyi itu bertambah, panjang gelombang..

A.! increases. bertambah

B.! decreases. berkurang
C.! remains constant. tidak berubah
*
*
ANSWER*ALL*THE*QUESTIONS.
JAWAB)SEMUA)SOALAN) JUJ*2012*
*
1.! Diagram 1.1 shows a displacement against distance graph for a water wave which
frequency 5 Hz.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan graf sesaran melawan jarak bagi gelombang air dengan
frekuensi 5 Hz.

Diagram 1.1 Rajah 1.1

 9"
"

(a)! What is meant by transverse wave?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan gelombang melintang?

.............................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark / 1 markah ]

(i) Mark and label amplitude with symbol A in Diagram 1.1

Tanda dan label amplitud dengan simbol A pada Rajah 1.1
[ 1 mark / 1 markah ]

(ii) Based on Diagram 1.1, calculate the velocity of the wave.

Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1, hitung halaju gelombang tersebut.

[ 2 marks / 2 markah ]
"
2." Diagram 2.1 shows sound waves produced by a tuning fork. The velocity of the sound in
air is 340 ms-1.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan gelombang bunyi yang dihasilkan oleh tala bunyi. Halaju bunyi
di udara ialah 340 ms-1.
" "
KLON*SPM*2007*

"

"

"

Diagram 2.1 Rajah 2.1

(a) Complete the sentence below by ticking ( / ) the correct box.

Lengkapkan ayal di bawah dengan menanda ( / ) dalam kotak yang betul.

The sound waves produced by a tuning fork is

Gelombang bunyi yang dihasilkan oleh tala bunyi adalah

transverse wave / gelombang melintang.

longitudinal wave / gelombang membujur.

[1 mark / 1 markah]
 10"
"

(b) Based on Diagram 2.1, Pada Rajah 2.1,

(i) mark 'R' on any one of the rarefraction.
tandakan R' pada mana-mana satu lapisan regangan.
[1 mark / 1 markah]

(ii) mark one distance which is equal to a wavelength of the sound waves. Label the distance
using the symbol X.
nyatakan satu jarak yang bersamaan dengan satu panjang gelombang bagi gelombang
bunyi itu. Label jarak itu menggunakan simbol X.
[1 mark / 1 markah]

(c) The tuning fork in Diagram 2.1 vibrates in water. Predict what happens to the speed of
sound.
Tala bunyi dalam Rajah 2.1 bergetar di dalam air. Ramalkan apa yang terjadi kepada
kelajuan bunyi?
"
................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(d) What is the frequency of the sound wave?
Berapakah frekuensi bagi gelombang bunyi?
"

"

[2 mark / 2 markah]
"
3. Diagram 3.1 shows a Bartons pendulum. When pendulum B is oscillated, others pendulums will
also oscillate together.
Rajah 3.1 di bawah menunjukkan sebuah sistem ladung Barton. Apabila ladung B diayun, di
dapati ladung-ladung yang lain juga akan turut berayun.

JUJ*2011*

Diagram 3.1 Rajah 3.1

"

Diagram 3.1 Rajah 3.1

 11"
"

(a) State one reason why the other pendulums oscillate together with B.
Nyatakan satu sebab mengapa ladung lain juga turut berayun bersama B.

..
[1 mark / 1 markah]

(b) One of the pendulums will oscillate with maximum amplitude.

Salah satu daripada ladung tersebut akan berayun dengan amplitud maksimum.

(i)! Which pendulum will oscillate with maximum amplitude?

Ladung manakah akan berayun dengan amplitud yang maksima?

.
[1 mark / 1 markah]

(ii)! Name the physics phenomenon involved. Namakan fenomena fizik yang terlibat.

.......
[1 mark / 1 markah]

(iii)! Explain why the phenomena stated in (b) (ii) occurred?

Terangkan mengapa fenomena dalam (b) (ii) berlaku?

.......
[1 mark / 1 markah]

(c) State one application involving the above phenomena.

Nyatakan satu aplikasi yang melibatkan fenomena tersebut.

.......
[1 mark / 1 markah]

"
" 2)
Fenomena *gelombang***
" .gelombang* .gelombang*
" gelombang*** gelombang***
"
"
.gelombang* .gelombang*
gelombang*** gelombang***

2
NOTA : KUANTITI FIZIK YANG BERUBAH ATAU TIDAK
..
 12"
"
1.2 REFLECTION OF WAVES*
PANTULAN GELOMBANG Pantulan*ialah**fenomena*perubahan*.*
perambatan*apabila*terkena*suatu*halangan.*
"

Hukum*pantulan*:* SPM 2005

*
i The diagram shows the wavefronts of a plane
.* wave incident on a plane reflector.
ii Gambar rajah menunjukkan muka gelombang satah
.* ditujukan ke pemantul satah.

"

"

"

"

"
" Which statement is correct about the reflected
and incident waves?
Pernyataan yang manakah betul tentang gelombang
pantulan dan gelombang tuju?
A The speed of the reflected waves is the same
as the speed of the incident waves Kuantiti* Kuantiti*
Laju gelombang pantulan sama dengan laju
fizik*yang* fizik*yang*
gelombang tuju
B The wavelength of the reflected waves is berubah* tidak*
shorter than that of the incident waves berubah*
Panjang gelombang bagi gelombang pantulan
lebih pendek daripada panjang gelombang bagi
gelombang tuju
C The frequency of the reflected waves is lower
than that of the incident waves " "
Frekuensi gelombang pantulan lebih kecil "
daripada frekuensi gelombang tuju " "
D The directions of the reflected waves are
always at right angles to the incident waves ."
Arah gelombang pantulan sentiasa bersudut
tegak dengan arah gelombang tuju

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
ANSWER*ALL*THE*QUESTIONS.*
 13"
"
JAWAB)SEMUA)SOALAN)
1. Which of the following is not an example of the application of the reflection of waves ?
Antara yang berikut , yang manakah bukan contoh aplikasi pantulan gelombang?
A Periscope C Radar
Periskop Radar
B Kaleidoscope D Magnifiying glass
Kaleidoskop Kanta pembesar

2. Which statement is correct when water waves are reflected by a reflector?

Pernyataan manakah yang betul apabila gelombang air dipantulkan oleh pemantul?
A The velocity of water waves before and after reflection are the same
Halaju gelombang air sebelum dan selepas pantulan adalah sama
B The wavelength of water waves becomes longer after reflection
Panjang gelombang air menjadi lebih panjang selepas pantulan
C The amplitude of water waves becomes smaller after reflection
Amplitud gelombang air menjadi lebih kecil selepas pantulan
*
3. Which Diagram shows the phenomenon of wave reflection?
Rajah manakah menunjukkan fenomena pantulan gelombang?

" A. B.

C."" " " """""D.""

"
"
"
"
"
"

4. Which diagram shows the correct reflection pattern produced when plane water waves are
incident on a barrier?
Rajah manakah menunjukkan corak pantulan yang betul apabila gelombang satah air mengenai
penghalang?

*
*
 14"
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ANSWER*ALL*THE*QUESTION.
JAWAB)SEMUA)SOALAN)

1. Diagram 1.1 below shows the seashore area. JUJ*2009*

Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan kawasan di tepi pantai.

Diagram 1.1 Rajah 1.1

(a) Underline the correct answer in the bracket to complete the sentence below.
Water wave is a (longitudinal, transverse) wave.

Garis jawapan yang betul dalam kurungan untuk melengkapkan ayat di bawah.

Gelombang air adalah gelombang (membujur, melintang).

[1 mark / 1 markah]

(b)(i) What happens to the sea waves as they hit the barrier wall?
Apakah terjadi kepada gelombang laut bila memukul dinding halangan?

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]

(ii) On Diagram 1.1, draw the wave pattern after the waves hit the barrier wall.
Pada Rajah 1.1, lukiskan bentuk gelombang selepas gelombang memukul dinding halangan?

[1 mark / 1 markah]

(iii)" What will happen to the velocity of the wave after hit the barrier wall?
Apakah yang akan berlaku kepada halaju gelombang selepas memukul dinding halangan?

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
 15"
"
1.3 REFRACTION OF WAVES Pembiasan*ialah**fenomena*perubahan*.*
PEMBIASAN GELOMBANG
perambatan*apabila*melalui*dua*medium*berbeza*
*

SPM 2012

" " " Diagram shows the refraction pattern of water

wave from P to Q.
Rajah menunjukkan corak pembiasan bagi
gelombang air dari P ke Q.
"

" "
Kuantiti*
" fizik*yang*
tidak*
"
berubah*
Kuantiti*
" fizik*yang*
berubah*
" " Which pair is correct about the characteristics of
water wave in Q? "
Pasangan manakah yang betul mengenai ciri-ciri
"
bagi gelombang air dalam Q?
"

" "
"
" "
."
"

"

"

"
Kawasan*
Kawasan*
..*
" ..*

" "
Kedalaman**
" v*.* "
*..*
" *berlaku*

Pembiasan*bunyi*diwaktu*malam"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""(Vise"versa"di"waktu"siang)"*

"
 16"
"

ANSWER ALL THE QUESTION.

JAWAB SEMUA SOALAN )

1. Water waves will change direction when they move from shallow to deep water.
Gelombang air akan menukar arah pergerakan apabila bergerak dari kawasan cetek ke kawasan
dalam.
JUJ*2010*

Which physical quantity does not change when the water waves move from shallow to deep
area?
Kuantiti fizik manakah yang tidak berubah apabila gelombang air bergerak dari kawasan cetek ke
kawasan dalam?
A Frequency B Wavelength
Frequency Panjang gelombang

C Velocity
Halaju

2. Diagram shows a plane water wave propagating through three regions P, Q and R.
Rajah menunjukkan gelombang air merambat melalui tiga kawasan P, Q dan R. JUJ*2012*

P" Q" R"

Vibrating"bar"

15"cm" 10"cm"
5"cm"

What is the wave speed in region R if the wave speed of the water wave in region P is 6 ms-1?
Berapakah laju gelombang dalam kawasan R jika laju gelombang air dalam kawasan P ialah
6 m s-1?

A.! 4 m s-1 B. 6 m s-1 C. 8 m s-1 D. 9 m s-1

 17"
"

3. Diagram shows a cross section of a swimming pool.

Rajah menunjukkan keratan rentas sebuah kolam renang.

When a plane water wave is moving from X to Y, which of the following characteristics is not
change?
Apabila gelombang air lurus merambat dari X ke Y, ciri gelombang yang manakah tidak berubah?

A Frequency B Direction of propagation C Speed

Frekuensi Arah perambatan gelombang Laju

4." Diagram shows a stone dropped into a lake with the depth of water increasing towards the centre
of the lake.
Rajah menunjukkan sebiji batu dijatuhkan ke dalam tasik yang kedalaman semakin bertambah
ke arah tengah tasik.

"

"

" "
"
Which pattern of the wavefronts will be observed?
Corak muka gelombang yang manakah akan diperhatikan?

5. Seorang budak yang berdiri di tepi sebatang jalan dapat mendengar bunyi lori yang menuju ke
arahnya dengan jelas pada hari sejuk berbanding pada hari panas. Pemerhatian ini dapat
diterangkan pada.

A.! perubahan arah perambatan gelombang apabila mengenai sesuatu halangan.

B.! lintasan perambatan gelombang bunyi menghampiri permukaan bumi.
C.! gelombang bunyi bersuperposisi apabila bertemu dan bertindih.
*
 18"
"
ANSWER*ALL*THE*QUESTION. JAWAB)SEMUA)SOALAN
"
1. Diagram 1.1 shows the side view of two ripple tanks. When the motors are switched on, water
waves with the same frequency are produced.
Rajah 1. 1 menunjukkan pandangan sisi dua buah tangki riak. Apabila suis motor dihidupkan,
gelombang air dengan frekuensi yang sama dihasilkan.
"

"

"

"

"

Diagram 1.1 Rajah 1. 1"

Diagram 1.2 shows the waves formed on the screens.

Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan gelombang yang dibentuk di atas skrin.

"

Diagram 1.2 Rajah 1. 2"

(a) Observe Diagram 1.1 and Diagram 1.2.

Perhatikan Rajah 1.1 dan Rajah 1.2.

(i) Compare the depths of the water in region X and region Y.

Bandingkan kedalaman air di kawasan X dan kawasan Y.

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(ii) Compare the wavelengths of the waves in region X and region Y.
Bandingkan panjang gelombang bagi gelombang di kaw asan X dan di kawasan Y.

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(iii) Relate the depth of water to the wavelength of the waves.
Hubungkait kedalaman air dengan panjang gelombang bagi gelombang tersebut.

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
 19"
"

(iv) Name the wave phenomenon involved.

Namakan fenomena gelombang yang terlibat.

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(b) Explain why the wave front of sea water will follow the shape of the shore when it approaches the
shore.
Terangkan mengapa muka gelombang air laut akan mengikut bentuk pantai apabila menghampiri
pantai.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[3 marks / 3 markah]
2. Diagram shows the top view of incident water waves approaching a shallow area at centre of the
diagram.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan pandangan dari atas bagi suatu gelombang air yang menghala ke suatu
kawasan cetek di tengah rajah.

JUJ*2008*

"
(a) State the phenomenon observed.
Nyatakan fenomena yang diperhatikan.

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]

(b) Why is this phenomenon occurs?

Mengapakah berlaku fenomena ini?

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
 20"
"

(b) The frequency of the vibrating beam is 5 Hz, the wavelength of the waves in the deep area is 3
cm. Calculate the speed of waves in the deep area.
Frekuensi untuk pencelup satah ialah 5 Hz, panjang gelombang semasa di kawasan dalam ialah
3 cm. Hitungkan kelajuan gelombang di kawasan dalam.

[2 marks / 2 markah]

(c) The wavelength becomes shorter in the shallow area.

Panjang gelombang menjadi pendek di kawasan cetek.

(i) What will happen to the speed of waves in the shallow area?
Apakah yang akan berlaku kepada kelajuan gelombang di kawasan cetek?

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]

(ii) Give a reason for your answer in 3(d)(i).

Beri sebab bagi jawapan anda di 3(d)(i).

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
 21"
"
1.4 DIFFRACTION OF WAVES Pembelauan*ialah**fenomena*.*
PEMBELAUAN GELOMBANG gelombang*apabila*bertemu*penghalang*atau*melalui*
satu***
SPM 2010

Diagram shows water waves passing through a gap.

Rajah menunjukkan gelombang air melalui satu celah.
" Frekuensi"

" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""Ciri"tidak"berubah" ......
Ciri"ciri" ."
"
gelombang"
terbelau"
" Ciri"yang"berubah"
......
....................
"
...................."
"

" Which phenomenon explains the propagation of]

the waves?
Fenomena yang manakah menerangkan fenomena
gelombang itu?

A Reflection B Refraction
Pantulan Pembiasan
C Diffraction D Interference
Belauan Interferens
"

" "

"

"

"

Kesan*pembelauan*semakin*ketara"apabila"

" " "

Saiz"celah"atau" Frekuensi"
" penghalang" penggetar" "
" "
"
" "

"
Panjang"
" gelombang" Gelombang*bunyi*mudah* "
dibelaukan*kerana*panjang*
"
gelombangnya"
" "
 22"
"

ANSWER ALL THE QUESTION.

JAWAB SEMUA SOALAN

1. Diagram shows a wave phenomena.

Rajah menunjukkan satu fenomena gelombang.

JUJ*2011*
"

What is the name of the wave phenomena?

Apakah nama fenomena gelombang itu?
A Reflection C Diffraction
Pantulan Pembelauan
B Refraction D Inteference
Pembiasan Inteference
*
*
2. Which of the diagrams below shows the pattern of diffraction be more obvious?
Antara rajah berikut, yang manakah akan menunjukkan corak pembelauan yang lebih ketara?

*
*
*
* *
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
 23"
"

3. Diagram shows water waves passing a block of rock in a river.

Rajah menunjukkan gelombang air melepasi sebongkah batu dalam sungai.
* *
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Which property of the wave at X is correct?
Ciri gelombang di X yang manakah yang betul?
A The amplitude is decreased. Amplitud berkurang
B The wave length is decreased. Panjang gelombang berkurang
C The speed is decreased. Kelajuan berkurang
D. The energy is increased. Tenaga bertambah

*
ANSWER*ALL*THE*QUESTION.
JAWAB)SEMUA)SOALAN)
* JUJ*2012*

1. Muthu loves listening to radio. Diagram 1.1 shows radio transmission from a radio station and its
receiver in a Muthus house.
Muthu suka mendengar radio. Rajah1.1 menunjukkan pemancaran radio dari stesen radio dan
penerimanya di rumah Muthu.

Diagram 1.1 Rajah 1.1

(a) What phenomenon of waves that enables Muthu to receive radio broadcasting although his house
is blocked by a hills ?
Apakah fenomena yang membolehkan Muthu menerima siaran radio walaupun rumahnya
dihalang oleh bukit?

[1 mark/1 markah]
 24"
"

(b) An electric motor of a ripple tank with frequency 50 Hz is switched on so that the wooden bar is
vibrated and plane waves is generated.
Motor elektrik bagi sebuah tangki riak yang mempunyai frekuensi 50 Hz dihidupkan supaya
batang kayu digetarkan dan gelombang satah dapat dihasilkan.

Diagram 1.2 Rajah1.2

Diagram 1.2 shows the pattern of waves before pass through an aperture.
Rajah1.2 menunjukkan corak gelombang sebelum melalui sebuah celah

i)! On Diagram 1.2, draw a waves pattern after passing through an aperture.
Pada Rajah 1.2, lukis corak gelombang selepas melepasi sebuah celah.
[2 marks/2 markah]

ii)! Calculate the velocity of the water wave.

Hitung halaju gelombang air tersebut.

[2 mark /2 markah]
2. Diagram 2.1 shows waves moving towards a harbour.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan ombak sedang bergerak menuju ke sebuah pelabuhan.

JUJ*2014*/*KLON*
SPM*2008*

Diagram 2.1 Rajah 2.1

 25"
"

(a)(i) What is the meaning of diffraction?

Apakah maksud belauan?

........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]

(ii) Draw the wave pattern of the waves after passing through the entrance of the harbour.
Lukis corak gelombang bagi ombak itu selepas melalui laluan masuk pelabuhan itu.
[2 mark / 2 markah]

(b) The entrance is made wider to allow more ships to enter the harbour.
Laluan masuk itu dijadikan lebih lebar untuk membenarkan lebih banyak kapal memasuki
pelabuhan.

(i) What is the effect on the waves passing through the entrance?
Apakah kesan terhadap gelombang yang melalui laluan masuk itu?

........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(ii) What is the effect on the harbour?
Apakah kesan terhadap pelabuhan itu?

........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(c) A new harbour is to be built at a new location. Two models for the structure of the retaining wall
are given. Table 2.2 shows the location and the characteristics of the two retaining walls.
Sebuah pelabuhan baru hendak dibina di satu lokasi yang baru. Dua model untuk struktur binaan
tembok penahan diberi.
Jadual 2.2 menunjukkan lokasi dan ciri-ciri bagi dua tembok penahan itu.

Type of Location of structure of retaining wall Height of retaining wall

retaining wall retaining wall Struktur tembok penahan Ketinggian tembok
Jenis tembok Lokasi tembok penahan
penahan penahan

W Bay High
Teluk Tinggi

X Cape High
Tanjung Tinggi

Table 2.2 Jadual 2.2

 26"
"

You are required to investigate the characteristics of the retaining wall as shown in Table 2.2.
Explain the suitability of each characteristic of the most suitable retaining wall to be used
Anda dikehendaki untuk menyiasat ciri-ciri tembok penahan seperti ditunjukkan dalam Jadual
2.2. Terangkan kesesuaian setiap ciri tembok penahan yang paling seuai untuk digunakan.

(i) Location of retaining wall

Lokasi tembok penahan

.......................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
Reason . Sebab

........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(ii) Structure of retaining wall. Struktur tembok penahan

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
Reason . Sebab

............................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(iii) Height of retaining wall. Ketinggian tembok penahan

............................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
Reason . Sebab

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]

(b) Based on the answers in 2(c), determine the most suitable retaining wall in Table 2.2 to be used .
Berdasarkan jawapan di 2(c), tentukan tembok dinding dalam Jadual 2.2 yang paling sesuai
digunakan.

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
*

*
*
 27"
"
1.5 INTERFERENCE OF WAVES Interferens*ialah*kesan*.*di*antara*
INTERFERENS GELOMBANG dua*gelombang*koheren.*
" "

"
Sumber**koheren*ialah*sumber*yang*menghasilkan*gelombang*
dengan*..*yang*sama*dan**yang*sama.*
SPM 2010

Diagram shows an interference pattern of

water waves from two sources, S, and S2.
Rajah menunjukkan satu corak interferens
gelombang air daripada dua punca,
S1 dan S2.
*

" "
Interferens**berlaku*apabila*
.*bertemu*.*atau*
"
..*bertemu**
*
" "

" "

" Which form of wave happens at point X from

sources S1 and S2?
Bentuk gelombang yang manakah berlaku pada titik Interferens**berlaku*apabila*
X daripada punca S1 dan S2? .*bertemu*.**
*
"

" a"." "

""
" D"."
"
" x"."
"
"

"

" "

" " " "

Formula*interferens*=******
"
****************************************.****
"

" a".","x"."
Garis yang menyambung titik-titik interferen Garis yang menyambung titik-titik
membina dipanggil ..................................... interferens memusnah di kenali sebagai ".","x"."
! garis...........................
! D".","x""

"
 28"
"

ANSWER*ALL*THE*QUESTION.*
JAWAB)SEMUA)SOALAN)
"
JUJ*2013*
1. Diagram shows an interference pattern of water waves from two coherent sources P and Q.
Rajah menunjukkan corak interferens gelombang air dari dua sumber koheren P dan Q.

Which point is the node?

Titik yang manakah nod?

2. Diagram shows an interference of sounds wave emitted from two loud speakers which are
coherence.
Rajah menunjukkan satu interferens gelombang bunyi yang dihasilkan oleh dua pembesar suara
yang koheren.
JUJ*2012*

Destructive inteference occurs at,

Interferens memusnah berlaku di,

A. P
B. Q
C. R
D. S
 29"
"

3. Diagram shows Youngs double slit experiment.

The wavelength of monochromatic light source is 600nm . The separation of the two slits is 0.50
mm and the distance between the double slit to the screen is 1.5m
Rajah menunjukkan exsperimen dwicelah Young.
Panjang gelombang cahaya monokromatik ialah 600 nm. Jarak antara dua celah ialah 0.50 mm
dan jarak antara sumber dengan skrin ialah 1.5 m.

JUJ*2012* Dwicelah)
Young)

Corak)
interferen)

Corak))Gelap) *
Cahaya)
monokromatik)

Calculate the separation of the fringes.

Hitungkan jarak di antara pinggir yang berturutan.

A. 1.8 x 10 -3 m B. 3.6 10 -3 m C. 12.8 10 -3 m D. 2.5.0 10 -3 m

4 The wavelength of light can be determined with a double-slit plate. Diagram shows the pattern of
interference fringes obtained in a Youngs double slit experiment. The separation distance of the
two slit is 0.5mm and the screen and the double slit plate is 4.0m.
Jarak gelombang cahaya dapat ditentukan dengan menggunakan dwicelah. Rajah menunjukkan
corak jalur-jalur interferens yang diperolehi dalam eksperimen dwicelah Young . Jarak pemisah
antara dua celah ialah 0.5 mm dan jarak antara skrin dengan sisip dwicelah ialah 4.0 m.
" "
JUJ*2011*

Calculate the wavelength of the light used in the experiment.

Hitungkan panjang gelombang cahaya yang digunakan dalam eksperimen tersebut.
A 1.234 x 10 2 m C 5.625 x 10 7 m
B 3.375 x 10 6 m D 4.821 x 10 7 m
 30"
"

ANSWER ALL THE QUESTION.

JAWAB)SEMUA)SOALAN)
"

1. Diagram 1.1 shows the interference patterns for water waves from two coherent sources
S and S.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan corak interferens bagi gelombang air dari dua sumber S dan
S.

"

Diagram 1.1 Rajah 1.1

(a) What is the meaning of coherent sources?
Apakah maksud sumber koheren?

........................................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark / 1 markah ]

(b) On Diagram 1.1, mark one distance which is the distance between two consecutive antinodal
lines. Label the distance using the symbol x.
Pada Rajah 1.1, tandakan satu jarak pemisahan di antara dua garis antinod yang
bersebelahan. Labelkan jarak itu menggunakan simbol x.
[ 1 mark / 1 markah]

(c) Point P is destructive interference. Draw a form of superposition of the waves happen at point P.
Titik P ialah interferens memusnah. Lukis bentuk superposisi gelombang yang berlaku di titik P.

[ 2 mark / 2 markah ]
 31"
"

(d) The distance between the two coherent sources is 0.03 m. At 0.2 m from the two coherent
sources, the distance between two consecutive nodal lines is 0.04m.
Calculate the wavelength of the water waves.
Jarak antara dua sumber yang koheren ialah 0.03 m. Pada kedudukan 0.2 m dari sumber
koheren, jarak pemisahan di antara dua nod yang berturutan ialah 0.04m.
Hitung panjang gelombang air itu.

[ 2 mark / 2 markah ]

(e) The frequency of the water wave is increased.

Frekuensi gelombang air itu ditinggikan.

(i) What will happen to the distance between two consecutive nodal lines?
Apakah yang akan berlaku kepada jarak pemisahan dua nod yang berturutan?

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(ii) Give a reason for your answer in 1 (e) (i).
Beri sebab bagi jawapan anda dalam 1 (e) (i).

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]

2. Diagram 2.1 shows two similar loudspeakers connected to an audio frequency generator. The
loudspeakers are place 0.8 m apart from each other in a field. They emit coherent sound waves.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan dua alat pembesar suara yang sama di sambungkan ke penjana frekuensi
audio. Alat pembesar suara diletakkan 0.8 m dari satu sama lain di sebuah padang. Alat
pembesar suara tersebut memancarkan gelombang bunyi yang koheran
KLON*SPM*2006*

Diagram 2.1 Rajah 2.1

 32"
"

A student walks slowly along in front of the two loudspeakers at a distance of 3.2 m from the
loudspeakers. He hears a pattern of alternate loud and weak sounds.
Seorang pelajar berjalan perlahan di hadapan dua alat pembesar suara yang terletak dengan
jarak 3.2 m dari alat pembesar suara tersebut. Dia mendengar bunyi kuat dan perlahan
berselang seli.

(a) What type of wave is the sound waves?

Apakah jenis gelombang bagi gelombang bunyi?

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]

(b)(i) Name the physics phenomenon which causes the pattern of alternate loud and weak sounds.
Namakan fenomena fizik yang menyebabkan berlakunya bunyi kuat dan perlahan berselang seli.

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(ii) Explain how the phenomenon in 2 (b)(i) can be formed.
Terangkan bagaimana fenomena di 2(b)(i) berlaku

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................
[2 mark /2 markah]

(c) Based Diagram 2.1, the distance between three consecutive loud sound is 4.5 m, calculate the
wavelength of the sound wave.
Berdasarkan Rajah 2.1, jarak antara tiga kedudukan bunyi kuat ialah 4.5 m. Hitungkan
panjang gelombang bagi gelombang bunyi itu.

[3 marks /3 markah]

(d) The frequency of the audio signal generator is decreased.

Frekuensi penjana isyarat audio dikurangkan.

(i) What is the meaning of frequency?

Apakah maksud frekuensi ?

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
 33"
"

(ii) What happens to the distance between two consecutive loud sounds?
Apakah yang berlaku kepada jarak di antara dua bunyi kuat yang berturutan ?

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(iii) Give one reason for the answer in 2(d)(ii).
Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan di 2(d)(ii).

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]

3. Diagram 3.1 shows the red fringes formed when a light source is passed through a red filter
to produce a monochromatic light in a Young's double slit experiment. The red light have
wavelength 7.0 x 10-7 m.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan pinggir-pinggir merah yang terbentuk apabila satu sumber cahaya
dilalukan menerusi penapis berwarna merah untuk menghasilkan cahaya monokromatik dalam
eksperimen dwicelah Young. Cahaya merah monokromatik mempunyai panjang gelombang
7.0 x 10-7 m.
KLON*SPM*2010*
* *

Diagram 3.1 Rajah 3.1

Diagram 3.2 shows the green fringes formed when the red is replaced by the green light of
wavelength 5.0 x 10 -7 m.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan pinggir-pinggir hijau yang terbentuk apabila penapis merah digantikan
dengan penapis hijau. Cahaya hijau mempunyai panjang gelombang 5.0 x 10 -7 m.
*

Diagram 3.2 Rajah 3.2

(a) What is the meaning of monochromatic light?

Apakah maksud cahaya monokromatik?

........................................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark / 1 markah ]

(b) Based on Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2,

Berdasarkan Rajah 3.1 dan Rajah 3.2, :
 34"
"

(i) compare the wavelength of the light source used .

bandingkan panjang gelombang bagi sumber cahaya yang digunakan.

........................................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark / 1 markah ]

(i)! compare the distance between two consecutive fringes formed by the respective light.
bandingkan jarak antara dua pinggir berlurutan yang terbentuk oleh cahaya-cahaya itu.

........................................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark / 1 markah ]

(ii)! compare the distance between two consecutive fringes of red light and green light.
jarak antara dua pinggir berlurutan bagi cahaya merah dan cahaya hijau.

........................................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark / 1 markah ]

(iii)! Relate the wavelength of the light with the distance between two consecutive fringes.
Hubungkaitkan panjang gelombang cahaya dengan jarak antara dua pinggir berturutan.

........................................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark / 1 markah ]

(iv)! Name the wave phenomenon involved.

Namakan fenomenon gelombang yang terlibat.

........................................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark / 1 markah ]

(c) Then the green filter is change with blue filter.

Kemudian penapis hijau digantikan dengan penapis biru.

Sketch the blue fringes formed. Lakarkan pinggir-pinggir biru yang terbentuk.

[ 2 mark / 2 markah ]
 35"
"
1.6 SOUND WAVES. GELOMBANG BUNYI
" "
How*to*produce*sound*wave?*Bagaimana)bunyi)dihasilkan?*
" 1.! Diafragma*.*
2.! Molekul*udara**
3.! Satu*siri*..*dan*..*terbentuk*
"
4.! ZarahIzarah*medium*..*dalam*arah*yang** Application of sound waves
dengan*arah*perambatan*gelombang.* Aplikasi gelombang bunyi
"
5.! ..*dipindahkan*
1. ......................................
"
2. .......................................
"
" 3. .......................................

" 4. ........................................
"
"

"
Formulae"of"depth:"
SPM 2010 Rumus*kedalaman*
*******
Diagram shows how the reflection of a sound **d*=*"""
"""""""""
wave is used to find the depth of a wrecked ship.
.................................."
Rajah menunjukkan bagaimana pantulan "
gelombang bunyi digunakan untuk mencari
kedalaman sebuah kapal yang karam.
" "

"

"

"

"

What is the depth of the wrecked ship if the

reflected sound wave is detected 0.2 s later?
[Speed of sound wave in water = 1 530 m s-1]
Apakah kedalaman kapal yang karam itu jika
gelombang bunyi terpantul dikesan 0.2 s kemudian?
[Laju gelombang bunyi di dalam air = 1 530 m s-1]

A 153 m
C 7 650 m
B 306 m
D 15 300 m
"
"
*
 36"
"
ANSWER*ALL*THE*QUESTION.
JAWAB)SEMUA)SOALAN)
"
JUJ*2013*
1. Which of the following displacement-time graph best represents a loud sound with a low pitch?
Yang manakah antara graf sesaran-masa yang berikut menunjukkan bunyi yang kuat
tetapi tidak langsing?"
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

" "

"

"

2. Diagram shows the ultrasonic waves being used to determine the depth of the sea. JUJ*2013*
The echoes of the ultrasonic waves are received 0.16 s after the transmission.
Rajah menunjukkan gelombang ultrasonik yang digunakan untuk mengukur
Kedalaman air laut. Pantulan gelombang itu diterima 0.16 s selepas dipancarkan.

If the speed of the ultrasonic waves in sea water is 1500 ms-1, what is the depth of the sea?
Jika laju gelombang ultrasonic di dalam air laut ialah 1500 ms-1, berapakah kedalaman air laut
itu?

A. 120 m C. 300 m
B. 240 m D. 600 m
 37"
"

2 Which of the following graph shows the highest pitch of sound? JUJ*2011*
Manakah antara graf berikut menunjukkan kelangsingan bunyi tertinggi?
" "

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

ANSWER*ALL*THE*QUESTION.
JAWAB)SEMUA)SOALAN)
" JUJ*2013*

1. Diagram shows a ship transmits an ultrasonic wave of frequency 60 kHz to a sea bed and receives
an echo 0.12 s later. The depth of sea is 93.6 m.
Rajah menunjukkan sebuah kapal memancar gelombang ultrasonik berfrekuensi 60 kHz ke
dasar laut dan menerima gema 0.12 s kemudian. Kedalaman laut ialah 93.6 m.

(a) Name the phenomenon of wave involved.

Namakan fenomena gelombang yang terlibat.

.............................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark /1 markah]
 38"
"

(b) Calculate
Hitung

(i) the speed of ultrasonic wave in the water

laju gelombang ultrasonik dalam air

[3 marks /3 markah]

(ii) the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave in the water

panjang gelombang bagi gelombang ultrasonik dalam air

[2 marks /2 markah]

"

"
 39"
"

1.7 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES . "

GELOMBANG ELEKTROMAGNET
"
" "
" "
"
Terdiri*daripada*komponen*medan*
"
*dan*medan*.*
" yang*bergetar*secara**
"
" 2
Ciri " " antara*satu*sama*lain.*
" gelombang"
*
elektromagnet"
"
"
" Satu*siri*susunan*gelombang*
" *mengikut*tertib*
"
" .*atau*panjang*
"
" gelombang.*
*
"
SPM 2012

Diagram shows an electromagnetic spectrum.

G.
Rajah menunjukkan suatu spektrum elektromagnet.
* X
Panjang""
" " U........................... gelombang:"
......................."
C. Frekuensi":"
......................."
What are P, Q and R? Apakah P, Q dan R?
I..
" "
M.
"
R.
"

"

" "

"

"

"

"

"
 40"
"

"

Characteristics Ciri Explanation Keterangan

Jenis gelombang : Gamma (untuk membunuh sel kanser)

Jenis gelombang : Mikro (untuk komunikasi)

Saiz parabola : Besar

Frekuensi : Tinggi

Panjang gelombang : Panjang

Frekuensi gelombang bunyi : Tinggi

Amplitud gelombang bunyi : Tinggi

"

"

"

"

Aplikasi*gelombang*elektromagnet* * *

"
Gelombang* Kegunaan*
Radio* *
" *
Mikro** *
" *
Inframerah* *
" *
Cahaya**nampak* *
" *
Ultraungu* *
" *
SinarIx* *
" *
Sinar*gama* *
"
*
"

*
*
*
*
*
*
 41"
"
*
*
*
ANSWER*ALL*THE*QUESTION.
JAWAB)SEMUA)SOALAN)
" "

1. Diagram shows an electromagnetic spectrum.

JUJ*2013*
Rajah menunjukkan suatu spektrum electromagnet

What are P, Q and R?

Apakah P, Q dan R?

P Q R
" " X-ray Visible light Microwave
Sinar-X Cahaya nampak Gelombang mikro
" Visible light Microwave X-ray
A.*
" Cahaya nampak Gelombang mikro Sinar-X
"* Microwave Visible light X-ray
"
Gelombang mikro Cahaya nampak Sinar-X
" C.*
B." Microwave X-ray Visible light
Gelombang mikro Sinar-X Cahaya nampak
"
*"
2.* Diagram shows the electromagnetic spectrum arrangement.
D."
"
Rajah menunjukkan susunan spektrum elektromagnet. JUJ*2014*

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Z)

What is the most suitable diagram to represent Z ?

Apakah rajah yang paling sesuai untuk mewakili Z ?
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ANSWER*ALL*THE*QUESTION. JAWAB)SEMUA)SOALAN
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1. Table 1.1 shows the electromagnetic wave spectrum.
Jadual 1.1 menunjukkan spektrum gelombang electromagnet. JUJ*2012*

P X- ray Ultraviolet Visible Light Infrared Q Radio wave

Sinar-X Sinaran Cahaya Infra Gelombang
ultra ungu nampak merah radio

Table 1.1 Jadual 1.1

(a) State the type of electromagnetic waves.

Nyatakan jenis gelombang elektromagnet

.............................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark /1 markah]

(b) Based on Table 1.1, Berdasarkan Jadual 1.1,

state the name of P and Q. Give one application for P and Q .

namakan gelombang P dan Q.
Berikan satu aplikasi bagi P dan Q

P : ...

Application P. Aplikasi P :

.
[2 marks / 2 markah]

Q : ..

Application Q . Aplikasi Q :

[2 marks / 2 markah]
(c) Table 1.2 shows the characteristics of three different electromagnetic waves.
Jadual 1.2 menunjukkan ciri-ciri bagi tiga gelombang elektromagnet yang berbeza.

Waves Type of waves Frequency / Hz Wavelength / cm

Gelombang Jenis gelombang Frekuensi / Hz Panjang gelombang / cm

Gamma ray
P Sinar gamma 1 x 10 22 1 x 10 -13

Infrared
Q Infra merah 1 x 10 13 1 x 10 - 4

Ultra violet
R Sinaran ultra ungu 1 x 10 17 1 x 10 - 8

Table 1.2 Jadual 1.2

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Based on the Table 1.2, state the suitable characteristics of the waves to be used as
the remote control of a toy car. Give one reason for the suitable characteristics
Berdasarkan Jadual 1.2, nyatakan ciri-ciri kesesuaian gelombang untuk digunakan
sebagai alat kawalan jauh bagi sebuah kereta mainan. Beri satu sebab untuk
kesesuaian ciri itu.

(i) Type of the waves :

Jenis gelombang :

..................................

Reason . Sebab :

....
[2 marks / 2 markah]
(ii) Frequency :
Frekuensi :

....

Reason . Sebab :

....
[2 marks / 2 markah]
(iii) Wavelength :
Panjang gelombang :

.....

Reason . Sebab :

....
[2 marks / 2 markah]

(iv) Based on the answers in 1 (c) determine the most suitable waves to be used as the remote control of a toy
car.
Berdasarkan jawapan di 1 ( c ), tentukan gelombang yang paling sesuai digunakan sebagai alat kawalan
jauh sebuah kereta mainan.

......
[1 mark / 1 markah]

2. Diagram 2.1 shows electromagnetic wave propagates through air.

Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan gelombang elektromagnet yang merambat melalui ruang udara.

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Diagram 2.1 Rajah 2.1

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(a) What is meant by electromagnetic wave?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan gelombang elektromagnet?

........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(b) State one characteristic of the electromagnetic waves.
Nyatakan satu ciri bagi gelombang-gelombang elektromagnet.

........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]

(c) Diagram 2.2 shows a communication system involved in transmitting information between two distant
locations.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan satu sistem komunikai yang terlibat dalam penghantaran maklumat antara lokasi
yang jauh.

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Diagram 2.2 Rajah 2.2

Wave is transmitted from the transmitter and received by the receiver. However the signal received is not
clear. You are required to give some suggestions to design a communication system which can improve
thequality of signal transmission.
Gelombang dipancarkan dari pemancar dan diterima oleh penerima tersebut. Walau
bagaimanapun isyarat yang diterima tidak jelas.
Anda dikehendaki memberi beberapa cadangan untuk mereka bentuk satu sistem komunikasi yang dapat
menambahbaik kualiti penghantaran isyarat.
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Using the knowledge on waves, explain your suggestions based on the following aspects:
Menggunakan pengetahuan tentang gelombang, terangkan cadangan anda berdasarkan aspek-aspek
berikut:

(ii) type of wave transmitted . jenis gelombang yang dipancarkan

.......................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
reason . sebab

........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(ii) frequency of the wave. frekuensi gelombang

.......................................................................................................................................................
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[1 mark / 1 markah]
reason . sebab

........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]

(iii) diameter of the receiver. diameter penerima

.......................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
reason . sebab

........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]

(iv) the method involved which enable the wave to propagate in a longer distance
kaedah yang terlibat yang membolehkan gelombang itu merambat dalam jarak yang lebih jauh

.......................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
reason . sebab

........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(v) location of the transmitter and receiver. lokasi pemancar dan penerima

.......................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
reason . sebab

........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]