UNIT 1 DATA, INFORMATION AND

KNOWLEDGE: INTELLECTUAL
ASSETS
1.0 Objectives
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Value and Importance of Information
1.2.1 Central and Pivotal Role of Information Today
1.2.2 Information A Network of Related Concepts
1.3 Data, Information and Knowledge
1.3.1 Characteristics and Interrelationships
1.3.2 Comparative Study
1.4 Libraries and Data, Information and Knowledge
1.5 Summary
1.6 Answers to Self Check Exercises
1.7 Keywords
1.8 References and Further Reading

UNIT 2 DATA: DEFINITION, TYPES,

NATURE, PROPERTIES AND
SCOPE
2.0 Objectives
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Meaning of Data
2.3 Types of Data
2.3.1 Types of Data in Sciences
2.3.2 Types of Data in Social Sciences
2.4 Nature and Properties of Data
2.4.1 Types of Data in Social Sciences
2.4.2 Properties of Data
2.5 Scope of Data
2.6 Summary
2.7 Answers to Self Check Exercises
2.8 Keywords
2.9 References and Further Reading

UNIT 3 INFORMATION: DEFINITION,

TYPES, NATURE, PROPERTIES
AND SCOPE
3.0 Objectives
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Information: Nature
3.2.1 Disciplines Centered around Information
3.2.2 Information Theory
3.3 Information: Definitions and Concepts
3.3.1 Belkin
3.3.2 Wersig and Neveling
3.3.3 Brookes
3.3.4 Bells Approach
3.3.5 Machlups Approach
3.3.6 Information Science(s): The Power of Plural s
3.3.7 Relevance to Library and Information Studies
3.4 Information: Types
3.4.1 By Source
3.4.2 By Channel
3.4.3 By Media
3.4.4 By Recipient
3.4.5 By Information Needs
3.5 Information: Properties
3.5.1 General
3.5.2 Scientific and Technical Information
3.5.2 Technological and Economic Information
3.6 Barriers to Information
3.7 Information Studies: Scope
 3.7.1 Ranganathans Five Laws and Information Studies
3.7.2 Observations of B.C. Vickery on Information Science
3.8 Summary
3.9 Answers to Self Check Exercises
3.10 Keywords
3.11 References and Further Reading

UNIT 4 KNOWLEDGE: DEFINITION, TYPES, NATURE,

PROPERTIES AND SCOPE
4.0 Objectives
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Knowledge
4.3 Knowledge: Definition
4.4 Knowledge: Nature, Characteristics/Properties
4.5 Knowledge: Types and Scope
4.5.1 Personal and Public Knowledge
4.5.2 Tacit and Explicit Knowledge
4.5.3 Three Worlds of Knowledge
4.6 Formation of Knowledge
4.6.1 Ranganathans Modes of Formation of Knowledge
4.6.2 Neelameghans Extension
4.7 Origin and Growth Pattern of Disciplines
4.7.1 Disciplines
4.7.2 Attributes of Scholarly Disciplines
4.7.3 Relevance to Library and Information Studies
4.8 Mapping of the Structure of Subjects
4.8.1 Citation Analysis and Subject Structuring
4.8.2 Graphic Display
4.9 Sociology of Knowledge
4.9.1 Sociology of Science
4.9.2 Sociology of Literature
4.9.3 Sociology of Reading
4.10 Knowledge Utilisation
4.11 Summary
4.12 Answers to Self Check Exercises
4.13 Keywords
4.14 References and Further Reading

UNIT 5 INFORMATION, COMMUNICATION PROCESS,

MEDIA AND DIFFUSION
5.0 Objectives
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Information
5.2.1 Conceptualisations of Information
5.2.2 Information as Commodity / Resource
5.2.3 Information as Data in the Environment
5.2.4 Information as Representation of Knowledge
5.2.5 Information as Part of Communication Process
5.3 Communication: Concept and Genesis
5.3.1 Definition of Communication
5.3.2 Channels of Communication
5.4 Types of Communication
5.4.1 Non-vocal and Vocal Communication
5.4.2 Non-verbal and Verbal Communication
5.4.3 Intra-personal, Interpersonal, Group and Mass Communication
5.5 Communication Process
5.5.1 Communication Cycle
5.5.2 Elements of Communication Process
5.5.3 Communication Media
5.5.4 Models of Communication
5.6 Information Diffusion
5.6.1 Meaning
5.6.2 Diffusion of New Ideas or Innovations
5.6.3 Patterns of Diffusion Process
5.6.4 Factors Affecting Diffusion of Information
5.7 Diffusion of Technological Information
5.8 Models of Information Diffusion Process
5.8.1 Epidemic Model
 5.8.2 Economic Theory Model
5.8.3 Stock Adjustment Model
5.8.4 Vintage Model
5.8.5 Information Diffusion Theory
5.9 Information System for Diffusion
5.9.1 R&D Information Flow
5.9.2 Information Services, Information Institutions and Diffusion
5.9.3 Gatekeeping of Technical Information
5.9.4 Information Policy in Support of Information Diffusion
5.10 Summary
5.11 Answers to Self Check Exercises
5.12 Keywords
5.13 References and Further Reading

UNIT 6 GENERATION OF INFORMATION:

MODES AND FORMS
Structure
6.0 Objectives
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Information
6.3 Generation of Information
6.4 Modes of Information Generation
6.4.1 Observation
6.4.2 Thought Process, Deliberation, Imagination
6.4.3 Experimentation
6.4.4 Processing of Data
6.4.5 Events
6.4.6 Evolution
6.4.7 Dream
6.4.8 Information Generation in some Selected Subjects
6.5 Forms of Information
6.5.1 Oral Form
6.5.2 Information in Sign Language
6.5.3 Hand-written Form
 6.5.4 Pictorial Form
6.5.5 Printed Form
6.5.6 Digitised Form
6.5.7 Condensed Form
6.5.8 Coded Form
6.5.9 Simplified Form
6.5.10 Translated Form
6.5.11 Disguised Form
6.5.12 Secondary Form
6.5.13 Tertiary Form
6.6 Impact of Information Technology on Information Generation
6.7 Summary
6.8 Answers to Self Check Exercises
6.9 Keywords
6.10 References

UNIT 7 INFORMATION THEORY

7.0 Objectives
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Approaches to Information Theory
7.3 Information Basics
7.4 Information Measure
7.5 Information Entropy
7.6 Information Communication
7.6.1 Efficient Communication
7.6.2 Reliable Communication
7.7 Semantic Information Theory
7.8 Summary
7.9 Answers to Self-Check Exercises
7.10 Keywords
7.11 References and Further Reading

UNIT 8 DIGITAL INFORMATION

8.0 Objectives
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Nature of Digital Information
8.3 Digital Fundamentals
8.3.1 Binary Coding
8.3.2 Binary Numbers
8.4 Digital Text
8.5 Digitising Documents
8.5.1 Scanning
8.5.2 Image Compression
8.5.3 Character Recognition
8.6 Analog to Digital Conversion
8.7 Digital Audio
8.8 Digital Video
8.9 Digital Formats
8.9.1 Document Formats
8.9.2 Image Formats
8.9.3 Audio Formats
8.9.4 Video Formats
8.10 Legality of Digital Documents
8.11 Summary
8.12 Answers to Self Check Exercises
8.13 Keywords
8.14 References and Further Reading

UNIT 9 SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF INFORMATION

9.0 Objectives
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Information /Knowledge as Social Wealth
9.2.1 Diffusion and Dissemination
9.2.2 Means and Mechanisms
9.3 Dynamics of Change in Societies
9.3.1 Societal Changes
 9.3.2 Rapidity of Change
9.3.3 Agent of Change
9.4 Impact of Information/Knowledge on Different Sectors
9.4.1 Education and Training
9.4.2 Research and Development
9.4.3 Media
9.4.4 Government
9.4.5 Business and Industry
9.4.6 Daily Life of People
9.5 Impact of IT on Libraries, Information Systems and Services and their Societal Implications
9.5.1 Libraries
9.5.2 Information Products and Services
9.5.3 Information Industry and Business
9.6 Indian Society
9.6.1 Consumerism
9.6.2 Sustainable Development
9.6.3 Towards an Information Society
9.7 Larger Implications of the Impact of Information Society
9.8 Summary
9.9 Answers to Self Check Exercises
9.10 Keywords
9.11 References and Further Reading

UNIT 10 INFORMATION AS AN ECONOMIC

RESOURCE
10.0 Objectives
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Substance of Economics
10.3 Information Economics
10.3.1 Characteristics of Information
10.3.2 Scope and Ramifications of Information Economics
10.4 Micro-Economic of Information
10.4.1 Information and Information
 10.4.2 1nformationand Markets
10.4.3 Information and Non-Markets
10.4.4 Information and Measurement
10.5 Information Economy
10.6 Knowledge economy
10.7 Indian Economy
10.8 Economics of Information Systems and Services
10.9 Relevance of Information Economics to Library and Information Studies
10.10 Summary
10.11 Answers to Self check Exercises
10.12 Key Words
10.13 References and Further Reading

UNIT 11 NATIONAL INFORMATION POLICIES

11.1 Objectives
11.2 Introduction
11.3 Information Policy
11 3.1 Restricted Meaning of Information
11.3.2 Wider Meaning of Information
11.3.3 Meaning of Policy
11.3.4 Designation of Levels of Hierarchy
11.3.5 Definition of National Information Policy
11.4 Need for a National Information Policy
11.4.1 Information as Wealth
11.4.2 Diverse Participants
11.4.3 Use of Information
11.4.4 Organizational Structure
11.5 National Information Policy: Aspects and Issues
11.5.1 Some recent government initiatives
11.5.2 Issues and aspects in the limited area of Library and Information systems and services
11.6 National Information Policies: India
11.6.1 Overview of Efforts towards National Information Policy
 11.6.2 Freedom of Information Act 2002
11.6.3 Information Technology Action Plan
11.7 Information Policy: Efforts at International Level
11.8 Summary
11.9 Answers to Self Check Exercise
11.10 Key Words
11.11 References and Further Reading

UNIT 12 INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE:

NATIONALAND GLOBAL
12.0 Objectives
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Information Society
12.2.1 NEIS Goals
12.2.2 Societal Impact
12.3 Information Management Functions
12.4 Infrastructure Overview: GII and NII
12.4.1 Overall Configuration
12.4.2 Key Issues
12.4.3 Management
12.5 Network Access
12.5.1 Access Links
12.5.2 Access Devices
12.6 Home Networks
12.7 Office Networks
12.8 Corporate Networks
12.9 GII Applications
12.10 Security Issues
12.11 Summary
12.12 Answers to Self Check Exercises
12.13 Keywords
12.14 References and Further Reading
UNIT: 13: INFORMATION SOCIETY
13.0 Objectives
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Information Society Concept
13.2.1 Definition and Meaning of Information Society
13.2.2 Different Perceptions of Information Society
13.2.3 Factors Determining the Arrival of Information Society
13.3 Economic Structure and Information society
13.3.1 Measurement of Economic Value of Information
13.3.2 Information Economy
13.4 Impact of Information Society on Information Profession
13.4.1 Technological Absorption and Determinism
13.4.2 Social, Cultural and Educational Mission
13.4.3 Information Mediation and User Empowerment
13.4.4 Information Literacy and IT Literacy
13.4.5 Information Society: Developing Countries
13.4.6 Brazil
13.4.7 India
13.5 Information Society and Public Policy
13.6 Summary
13.7 Answers to Self Check Exercises
13.8 Key Words
13.9 References and Further Reading
UNIT 14: KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY
14.1 Objectives
14.2 Social Transformation
14.3 Features of Emerging Knowledge Society
14.3.1 Accelerated growth of Knowledge
14.3.2 Knowledge Economy
14.3.3 Globalization of Trade and Commerce
14.3.4 Polity, Power Structure and Shift, Policy Issues
 14.3.4 Life and Culture
14.4 Impact on a few Sectors
14.4.1 Education and Training
14.4.2 Information and Knowledge Support Systems
14.5 Indian Society
14.5.1 Digital Divide: The Indian Scenario
14.5.2 Indian Planning and Targets to be achieved
14.6 Summary
14.7 Answers to Self Check Exercise
14.8 Keywords
14.9 References and Further Reading

UNIT 15 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT: CONCEPTS

AND TOOLS
15.0 Objectives
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Data, Information and Knowledge
15.2.1 Types of Knowledge
15.3 Knowedge Management (KM)
15.3.1 Interest in Knowledge Management
15.3.2 What is Knowledge Management?
15.3.3 Changing Scenario and Driving Forces
15.3.4 Impact of Information and Communication Technologies
15.4 Knowledge Management Systems
15.4.1 Characteristics
15.4.2 Practical Approaches and Strategies
15.4.3 Richness versus Reach
15.5 Knowledge Products
15.5.1 Need
15.5.2 Characteristics
15.5.3 Architecture
15.6 Data Mining and Text Mining
15.6.1 Knowledge Discovery in Data Bases
15.6.2 Data Mining
 15.6.3 Text Mining
15.6.4 Text Analysis and Mining Techniques
15.7 Summary
15.8 Answers to Self Check Exercises
15.9 Keywords
15.10 References and Further Reading

UNIT 16 KNOWLEDGE PROFESSION

16.0 Objectives
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Knowledge Profession
16.2.1 Normative Principles of Knowledge Resources Management and Services
16.3 Emerging Knowledgebased Environment
16.3.1 Factors Influencing Knowledge Access and Delivery
16.3.2 The Digital Environment
16.4 ICTs Application Areas
16.4.1 Education and Research Support
16.4.2 E-Governance and Management
16.4.3 Some Solutions to the Information Overload Problem Knowledge Manager
16.4.4 Mobilisation of Human Knowledge Resources
16.5 Knowledge Professional and Knowledge Management
16.6 Knowledge Products
16.6.1 Knowledge Products Development and Marketing
16.6.2 Knowledge and Skills for Content Organisation in Wed-based Products
16.7 Library and Information Science Professional as Knowledge Professional
16.8 Preparing Knowledge Workers of the New Millennium
16.9 Summary
16.10 Answers to Self Check Exercises
16.11 Keywords
16.12 References and Further Reading