Experiment No.

7 Carbon Residue Tests

I. OBJECTIVES:

1. To be able to predict and study the carbon corpus deposits in lubricating oils.

2. To know the meaning and significance of the carbon residue.

3.To perform the experiment rightly.

II. THEORY:

Carbon residue is what is left when lubricating oils are heated to high
temperature in the absence of a sufficient air. Most engines use lubricating oil in
operation and the type of carbon formed has an important effect upon performance.
Although there is no common given residue specification for lubricating oil, oil of
relatively smaller amount of residue should be favourable. The conradson carbon
residue tester is used to determine the carbon residue of oil. It consist of porcelain
crucible with a skidmore iron crucible testing on layer of sand in the second larger iron
crucible testing on layer of sand in the second larger iron crucible, all of which are
supported by a wire triangle and a tripod surrounded by a sheet iron hood and chimney.

III. APPARATUS:

Conradson carbon residue tester balance with a set of weights

And Bunsen burner

IV. MATERIALS:

Lubricating oils, SAE 30 and SAE 40, Sand

V. PROCEDURE:

Clean the porcelain crucible and weight to the nearest 5mg. Fill it with 10 grams
of oil sample and re-weigh to the same accuracy then place it to the skidmore crucible,
cover both crucible on the center of the wire triangle with the asbestos insulation on the
tripod. Cover the assembly with the sheet iron and apply heat with a strong flame by the
Bunsen burner so that the fire or the ore-ignition will be from 8.5 to 11.5 min. When
smoke appears in the chimney, move or tilt the burners so that the flame plays on the
sides of the crucible and ignites the oil vapour. Remove the burner momentarily and
adjust the flame above the chimney. Burning period is from 12 to 14 mins when the
burning and smoking ceases, the burner is adjusted so that the bottom of the iron
crucible is heated to a cherry red for exactly 7 mins. Remove the burner and allow the
apparatus to cool for about 15 mins. Weigh the porcelain crucible and content. Repeat
the same procedure for the other oil sample.

IV.REPORT:

1. Calculate the percentage of carbon residue on the basis of the original sample
weight.
2. Why the residue in this experiment incorrectly termed carbon residue?
3. Why is the rate of heating important in the test?
4. Draw using free- hand the assembly drawing of Conradson carbon residue tester
with the burner flame.
ANSWER TO REPORT:

1.

2. Residue is something that remains after a part is removed, disposed of, or used;
remainder; rest; remnant. It was left in the crucible is not actually a residue. And it is still
a carbon compound, not the carbon itself. This is because there is no complete
combustion at all.

3. it is important beacause it is the basis of observing the sample on what will happen
on the time indicated in the experiment. Changes experience during the time interval
specified in the test of when smoke will appear and the fire will appear.
DISCUSSION:
Here in experiment no. 7 we tackle about carbon residue test where in our main
purpose is to know where oil have the greater and less amount of carbon also we need
to compute the amout of carbon present In every oil.so before we start in the
experiment first is we ready the things that needed in the experiment this are the
Conradson carbon residue tester use to determine the amount of carbon residue left
after evaporation and pyrolysis of an oil and to indicate relative coke-forming
propensities., balance with a set of weights use the weight of the cup and the oil,
Bunsen burner it is used for heating, sterilization, and combustion. The gas can be
natural gas (which is mainly methane) or a liquefied petroleum gas, such as propane,
butane, or a mixture of both. Then after that we start the experiment, first thing we do is
our instructor measure the weight of the crucible and we got (20.05 grams) and second
we measure the weight of crucible plus SAE oil 30 and we got (30.05 grams) and after
measuring those things we go to Bunsen burner where we need to burn the oil, here
when smoke appears in the chimney we should tilt the burner so that the flame will
ignite the vapour and after that remove the burner and adjust the flame. Burning is 12 to
14 mins, when the burning and smoking ceases, the burner is adjusted so that the
bottom of the iron crucible is heated to a cherry red for exactly 7 mins. Remove the
burner and allow the burner to cool for about 5 min, then after burnings\ the last step is
we measured the crucible plus residue and we got (20.28 grams) so it means the
residue weight is (0.28 grams) and the percent residue is 2.3 %. With regards to SAE
40 we just repeat the first one and thats all.

CONCLUSION:

So Here in experiment no.7 I have learned a lot like I have learned how to make sure if I
measured correctly the value of weight of crucible,oil, and residue for us not to be wrong
in the next step also I learned how to test the carbon residue of an oil using different
kind of apparatus, also I conclude that, it is important to everyone to know this things
because it an help us someday especially to those who have a vehicle, they can use
this learning in there everyday life, Also it makes me know what the meaning of carbon
residue and it significance in our life. Carbon residue is used throughout this test
method to designate the carbonaceous residue formed during evaporation and pyrolysis
of a petroleum product. The residue is not composed entirely of carbon, but is a coke
which can be further changed by pyrolysis, also I learned that carbon residue is use in
different kind of manufactures of oil for them to know what oil is more usefull and fitted
also I conclude that sae 40 has the highest amount of carbon residue than sae 30
because sae 40 has the highest weigth and percentage of residue than sae 30.

OTHER PHOTOS:
 EXPERIMENT NO. 7
CARBON RESIDUE TESTS

BAYSON, GEROMEL M. GRADE:

20121101697
SEPT, 9, 2015

REFERENCE:
Thermodynamics by Engr. F.G. Tadique (4th edition)

PHYSICS BOOK
 DATA:

OIL SAMPLES

SAE 30 SAE 40

WEIGHT OF CRUCIBLE 20.05 GRAMS

WEIGHT OF OIL AND 30.05 GRAMS

CRUCIBLE

WEIGHT OF CRUCIBLE 20.28 GRAMS

AND RESIDUE

WEIGHT OF RESIDUE 0.23 GRAMS

PERCENTAGE OF 2.3 %
RESIDUE

% = %

: =

NAME:

DATE: