Understanding Safety

Occupational Safety, in everyday terms is often referred to as

just safety, by the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) defined
as a field of activity aimed at preventing all types of accidents that are
related to the environment and work situation. While philosophically
defined as a thought and effort to ensure the wholeness and
perfection both physical and spiritual labor in particular and humans in
general and the work and culture. In terms of scientific interpreted as a
knowledge and its application in an effort to prevent the possibility of
accidents and diseases caused by work.

The definition of occupational safety according to experts:

a) According to Suma'mur, 1995, occupational safety is the safety

associated with machinery, aircraft, work tools, materials and
processing, workplace and environment and ways of doing the work.

b) According to Ramlan Dj, 2006, the implementation of work safety is

related to prevention of occupational accidents and occupational
diseases caused by various hazard factors, both derived from the use
of production machinery and work environment as well as the actions
of the workers themselves.

c) According to Rika Ampuh Hadiguna, 2009, Work safety is a process

and situation that requires appropriate work.

d) According to Tulus Agus, 1989, Occupational safety is a safe

working facility with safety equipment, good lighting, good sleep and
stairs free from air, oil, mosquito and heavy air facilities are good.
e) According to Malthis and Jackson, (2002), occupational safety
refers to health conditions in order to prevent accidents or injuries with
work.

So Safety is a condition where employees are protected from

accidents caused by work-related accidents.

Efforts for Occupational Safety

1) Job Hazard analysis
The process of studying and analyzing a type of work then divides the
work into steps to eliminate any possible risk.
Examples of job hazard analysis results:

- Repetitive Stress Injuries: a condition caused by too much pressure on

the joint due to a repetitive motion a.l Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: the
pressure on the nerve due to the narrowing of the vessel where the
nerve is due to repetitive movements / positions.

- Ergonomic problem Human interaction with work effort, equipment,

equipment, and physical environment is less suitable / comfortable.

2) Risk Management anticipate possible losses / losses (time,

productivity, etc.) relating to safety and legal procedures

3) The existence of Safety Engineer provide training, empower the

supervisor / manager of the production line, be able to anticipate /
see the situation is less 'safe' and eliminate the less safe

4) Job Rotation

5) Personal protective equipment

FOCUS WORK SAFETY PROGRAM

Work Behavior

- Shaping the attitude of employees who agree on safety

- Encourage the efforts of all employees to realize safety, from top

management to lowest level employees

- Emphasize the responsibilities of managers in implementing safety

programs.

Working Conditions

- Develop and maintain a secure physical work environment, for

example with the provision of safety equipment.

EVALUATION OF HEALTH AND SAFETY PROGRAMS

The success of a safety and health program can be seen from the
following indicators:
- Decreased rates of work-related accidents and diseases, both
quantitatively (frequency of occurrence) and qualitative (severity /
severity of injury / illness).

- Decrease in the number of working hours lost due to work accidents

or occupational diseases.
PROGRAMS TO INCREASE SAFETY SAFETY?
The most important thing of the safety program is to prevent accident.
The primary goal of the safety program is to get employees to think
about the importance of safety.
Here are four things that can be presented so that the safety program
can be accomplished successfully:
1. there should be more (more than usual) sincerity in providing support
to top and middle management.
2. It should be clearly established that safety is the responsibility of the
operational manager.
3. a positive attitude to safety must exist and be maintained, the
employee must be sure that the safety program is beneficial
4. a person or department should be responsible for the safety
program and responsible for its operations.

Due to Work Accident

Accidents can cause 5 types of losses, namely: damage,
organizational turmoil, complaints, and sadness, negligence and
disability, and death. Heinrich (1959) in the ILO (1989: 11) lists the
following covert losses due to accidents:
1. loss due to loss of wounded employee's time
2. Losses due to loss of time other employees who stop working out of
curiosity, sympathy, helping to help wounded employees
3. loss due to the use of time from first aid workers and staff of the
hospital department
4. loss from damage to machinery, tools, or other equipment or due to
contamination of raw materials
5. loss due to the implementation of welfare system and mashlahat for
employees.
6. general employee overload loss (overload).

Factors Causing Work Accidents

Occupational accident is a condition that is not desired by all parties.
Because this will cause great losses and liabilities. To avoid work
accidents, then we need to study the causes of work accidents, so
that bias to minimize the number of work accidents. Accidents can be
sourced from human factors alone, tools, or from environmental
factors.

1. Human Factors
Work accidents caused by human error include:

- Ignorance

In running the machines and automotive equipment required sufficient

knowledge by technicians. If not then it can cause work accident.
Knowledge of the operator in running the work equipment,
understanding the character of each machine and so on, becomes
very important, considering that if it is perfunctory, it will endanger the
equipment and the man himself.

- Less ability

The level of technician education is needed for the production process

and maintenance process. People who have high ability will usually
work better and pay attention to safety factors at work. Therefore, to
always hone the ability will be better.

- Skills are lacking

After a good technician's knowledge, it takes continuous training. This

is to always develop skills to further minimize errors in work and reduce
the number of work accidents. In the world of engineering, this
exercise is often called training.

- Insufficient concentration in carrying out the work

Machines that operate spinning, or moving are not tolerated if we are

wrong in operating or operating the machine. There are so many
things that can lead to the loss of human concentration such as
personal or family problems, economic pressures and so on.

- Play around

Character someone who likes to play in the work can be one cause of
the occurrence of the number of work accidents. Likewise in working
often in haste can also cause work accidents. Therefore, in every work
done should be done carefully, thoroughly, and carefully - for the
safety of work can always be realized. Especially for jobs that require
precision, patience and precision, cannot be done by working while
playing.
- Works without safety equipment

Certain occupations require workers to use safety equipment. Safety

equipment is designed to protect workers from harm resulting from
new work. With the development of technology, nowadays safety
equipment has been made and safe when used. Safety equipment
such as wear pack, protective goggles, safety helmet, gloves, work
shoes, dust cover mask, earplug to cover the ears from noise.
Sometimes people who already feel proficient just do not use safety
equipment, for example in welding do not use a welding mask. It is
very wrong, proficient and professional workers actually use safety
equipment to maintain the quality of good work and safety and health
during work.

- Taking Risks that are not right

Because they do not bother working, people sometimes do things that

do not reflect the actions of the survivors. For example, lazy workers
take a welding mask on a safety rack, weld straight without eye
protection. Unexpectedly, there is a welding spark on the eye. After
the treatment, it turns out that the cost of treatment is not comparable
with a few seconds to take safety equipment.

- Educational background

Educational background affects many people's actions in work.

People who have higher education tend to think longer or in looking at
things or work will look in many ways. For example in terms of self-
security. Another case with people who are less educated, tend to be
shorter or thinkable mind be careless in acting.

- Psychological

Psychological factors also strongly affect the occurrence of work

accidents. Psychologically a person is very influential on the
concentration in doing a job, if the concentration is disturbed it will
affect the actions - actions that will be done when working. So that the
work accident is very possible. For example: the problem of home
brought to the workplace, the atmosphere is not conducive, the
quarrel with a co-worker.

2. Environmental Factors

Work accidents caused by human error include:

- Unworkable workplace

The workplace must meet the requirements of work safety, such as the
size of the workplace, lighting, air vents, workplace temperature, floor
and room cleanliness, electrical spaces, coloring, warehouses, and so
on. If the workplace does not meet the requirements that have been
determined then the accident is very possible

- Conditions of dangerous equipment

work machines and equipment basically contain hazards and

become the source of workplace accidents. For example because the
machine or equipment that spins, moves, rubs, moves back and forth.
Walking belts, moving gears, transmissions and other equipment.
Therefore, machines and equipment that are potential to cause
workplace accidents should be provided with protection so as not to
jeopardize the operator or human.

- Moving Materials and Equipment

The transfer of heavy or dangerous goods (explosive, lubricant, etc.)

from one place to another makes it possible for work accidents. To
avoid such work accidents, it is necessary to think and calculate the
mature, either the method of moving it, the tool to be used, the path
to be passed, who moved and so forth. For heavy materials and
equipment required tools such as forklifts. The person who will operate
this tool should understand correctly how to use the forklift, because
otherwise there may be errors and threaten the safety of the
environment and other labor.

- Transportation

Work accidents resulting from the use of transportation is also quite a

lot. From improper use of tools, excessive loads, poor roads, excessive
vehicle speeds, poor load placement, can potentially lead to work
accidents. Efforts to overcome the above, among others is to provide
the right type of transportation and safe, carry out operations in
accordance with the standard operating procedure, and adequate
road, and the addition of safety signs, speed limitations, special paths
for transportation etc.
3. Tools Factor
The condition of a good equipment that age and quality greatly
affect the occurrence of accidents. The old tools are likely to be
damaged there. If the tool is damaged, of course it can lead to an
accident. Rejuvenate old tools and perform quality controls on the
tools at work.

Purpose and Importance of Occupational Safety and Health

To provide safer and healthier working conditions or environments, and
be more responsible for these activities, especially for organizations
with high accident rates.
Because a healthy and safe working environment will produce
- Increased productivity due to decreasing number of lost working
days
- Improved efficiency and quality of workers who are more committed
- Reduced health and insurance costs
- Better labor selection ratio due to improved corporate image

Work safety supporting elements

- The existence of elements

- Elements of occupational safety and health

- The existence of loyalty in maintaining security and occupational

health

- Meticulous in working
 - Carry out working procedures with regard to occupational
safety and health

Fundamentals of Occupational Safety and Health

- Each party is entitled to a guarantee of safety in order to avoid work

accidents

- Everyone who is at work should be guaranteed his safety

- The place of work is always guaranteed to be safe