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Solution, general:- There are four components of design.
(I) Design of long wall (II) Design of short wall
(III) Design of roof slab (IV) Design of base slab
The design of walls will be done under two condition.
(a) Tank full with water, with no earth fill out side.
(b) Tank empty, with full earth pressure due to saturated earth fill.
The base slab will be designed for uplift pressure and the hole tank is to be tasted against
floatation. As the L/B ratio is greater than 2 the long wall will be designed as cantilever. The bottom one metre
( >H /4) of short walls will be designed as cantilever while the top portion will designed as slab supported by
long walls .
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whichever is more, beyond this point. Hence curtail half the bars at 3.31 + 2.695 = 6.05 m from base.
Similarly, depth where only 0.25% reinforcement is requiredd is h=H(0.25)1/3= 16.00 x( 0.25 )1/3= 10.07
\ Height from the base = 16.00 - 10.07 = 5.93 m However as per code requirement,
the bars are to be continued further for distance of 12 F = 12 x 16 = 192 mm or d = 2695 mm,
whichever is more, beyond this point. Hence curtail half the bars at 5.93 + 2.695 = 8.65 m from base.
2730 - 100
Minimum, % Reinforcement = 0.3 - 0.1 x = -0.45 %
450 - 100
2730 x 1000
Min = -0.451 x = ### mm2
100
This is < Than 0.25 % of Ast at bottom . O.K.
Hence the reinforcement will be provid as under,
(I) At base : 16 mm f bars @ 10 mm c/c
(II) At 6.05 m above base , up to top : 16 mm f bars @ 20 mm c/c
Direct tensio on long wall:- Since the top portion of short wall act as slab supported on long walls,
the water pressure acting on short walls will cause in long walls.
B 40.00
PL= P x Where p= 9810 x = 196200 N/m2 at 4.00 m height
2 2
40.00
\ PL = ### x = 3924000 N, As required = 3924000 / 150 = ### mm2
2
Area of distribution steel provided in horizontal direction = ### mm2
Hece distribution steel will take direct tension.
### Design of short walls :-
(a) Tank empty, with pressure of satureted soil from outside.
(I) Top Portion . The bottom 4.00 m act as cantilever, while the remaining ### m
act as slab supported on long walls.
Pa = KaY' (H-h) + Yw (H-h) = 0.33 x 7190 x 12.00 + 9810 x 12.00 = ### + 117720
= 146480 N/m2
PaL2 ### x 40.00 2
Mf (at supports ) = = = ### N-m (causing tension out side )
12 12
PaL2 PaL2 ### x 40.00 2 N-m (causing
M ( at centre ) = - Mf = = = 9765333
8 24 24 tension in side )
d = 2730 - ( 35 + 16 ) = 2679 mm
19530667000
At Supports, Ast = = 55600 mm2
150 x 0.874 x 2679
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 12 x 12
using ### mm bars A = = = 113 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 113 / ### = 2 say = 0 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 0 mm c/c at the out side face at ### m below the top
At mid span, Ast = 55600 x 0.5 = ### mm 2
minimum Ast = 27800 mm2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 12 x 12
using ### mm bars A = = = 113 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 113 / ### = 4 say = 0 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 0 mm c/c at inner side face
(III) Bottom portion The bottom 4.00 m will bend as cantilever.
Intensity of earth pressure at bottom = 195307 N/m2
1 1 (with tension at out side
\ M = x 2E+05 x 1 x = 32551 N-m
2 3 face)
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32551 x 1000
\ Ast = = 92 mm2
150 x 0.874 x 2695
Minimum steel @ -0.451 % "= ### mm2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 12 x 12
using ### mm bars A = = = 113 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 113 / 92 = 1229 say = 1220 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 1220 mm c/c at out side face, in vertical direction for
bottom 4.00 m height. The spacing can be doubled for upper portion.
(III) Direct compression in short walls:-
Though the long walls bend as cantilever, it is observed that end 4.00 metre
width of long wall contributes to push in short walla, due to earth pressure, and its magnitude is given by
PBC = Pa x 4 = 146480 x 4 = 585920 N
This is quite small, and hence its effect has not been considered.
(b) Tank full with water , and no earth fill out side.
(I) Top Portion . The bottom 4.00 m act as cantilever, while the remaining ### m
act as slab supported on long walls.
p = w (H-h) = 9810 x( 16.00 - 4.00 )= 117720 N/m2
PB2 1E+05 x 40.00 2 causing tension at
Mf (at supports ) = = = 1.6E+07 N-m
12 12 the inside
PB2 1E+05 x 40.00 2 causing tension at
Mc (At centre) = = = 7848000 N-m
24 24 the outside
Direct tension in short wall:- Due to water pressure on the end 4.00 metre width of long wall is
pB = w (H-h) x1 = 9810 x( 16.00 - 4.00 )x 1.0 = 117720 N/m2
Effective d, for horizontal steel = 2679 mm
\ Distance = (x - d ) x T / 2 = 2679 - 2730 / 2 = 1314 mm
Mf - PB.x PB
Hence net B.M. = M - PB. x \ Ast1 = Ast2 =
sst,j.d ss
At inside face (end of short walls)
Mf - PB.x ### x 1000 - ### x 1314
Ast1 = = = 44243 mm2
sst,j.d 150 x 0.874 x 2679
PB 1E+05
Ast2 = = = 785 mm2 \ total Ast = 44243 + 785 = ### mm2
ss 150
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 12 x 12
using ### mm bars A = = = 113 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 113 / ### = 3 say = 0 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 0 mm c/c at the inner face,
At the out side face (middle of short walls)
Mc - PB.x ### x 1000 - ### x 1314
Ast1 = = = 21901 mm2
sst , j . d 150 x 0.874 x 2679
PB 1E+05
Ast2 = = = 785 mm2 \ total Ast = 21901 + 785 = ### mm2
ss 150
Minimum reinforcement required = 22686 mm2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 12 x 12
using ### mm bars A = = = 113 mm2
using ### mm bars A = = = 113 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 113 / ### = 5 say = 0 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 0 mm c/c at the outside face,
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(III) Bottom portion The bottom 4.00 m will bend as cantilever.
P (at bottom) = ### N/m2 (stap 3)
1 1 with tension at in side
\ M = x 2E+05 x 1 x = 26160 N-m
2 3 face
26160 x 1000
\ Ast = = 74 mm2
150 x 0.874 x 2695
Minimum steel @ -0.451 % = ### mm2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 12 x 12
using ### mm bars A = = = 113 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 113 / ### = -9 say = 0 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 0 mm c/c at out side face, in vertical direction for
bottom 4.00 m height. The spacing can be doubled for upper portion.
( C) Summary of reinforcement in short walls.
(I) Horizontal reifocement at inner face:
For lateral earth pressure, horizontal reinfocement require is 12 mm f @ 0 mm c/c in the mid span
For water pressure, horizontal reinforcement required is 12 mm f @ 0 mm c/c at the ends.
Hence provided greater one of two reinforcement.
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 0 mm c/c at inner face at, 12.00 m from top.
At top 4 m height, the pressure will be reduced to half the value ;
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 0 mm c/c at for the top 4.00 m height.
(II) Horizontal reinfocement for outer face;
For lateral earth pressure, horizontal reinfocement require is 12 mm f @ 0 mm c/c in the mid span
For water pressure, horizontal reinforcement required is 12 mm f @ 0 mm c/c at the ends.
Hence provided greater one of two reinforcement.
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 0 mm c/c at inner face at, 0.00 m from top.
At top 4 m height, the pressure will be reduced to half the value ;
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 0 mm c/c at for the top 4.00 m height.
(III) Vertical reinforcement at inner face;
provide 12 mm F bar, @ 0 mm c/c at the inner face, for bottom 4.00 m height
the spacing can be double for upper portion.
(IV) Vertical reinforcement at outer face;
provide 12 mm F bar, @ 0 mm c/c at the Outer face, for bottom 4.00 m height
the spacing can be double for upper portion.
### Design of top slab:-
L/B = 120.00 / 40.00 = 3 Hence top slab will be design as one way slab.
Let the live load of slab = 2000 N/m2
Assuming a thickness of 20 cm including finishing etc.
self weight = 0.20 x 1 x 1 x ### = 5000 N/m2
Total weight = 2000 + 5000 = 7000 N/m2
w . B2 7000 x( 40.00 + 2.73 )2= 1597621 N-m or 1597621000 N-mm
M = =
8 8
1597621000
Required depth = = 1176 mm
1.155 x 1000
Provide total depth 1176 + 35 = 1220 mm so that available d= 1185 mm
1597621000
Ast = = 10282 mm2
150 x 0.874 x 1185
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 12 x 12
using ### mm bars A = = = 113 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
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Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 113 / ### = 11 say = 10 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 10 mm c/c
Distribution steel :-
1220 - 100
% of distribution steel = 0.3 - 0.1 x = -0.020 %
450 - 100
1220 x 1000
Astd = -0.020 x = -244 mm2,
100
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 10 x 10
using ### mm bars A = = = 78.5 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 78.5 / -244 = -322 say = -320 mm
Hence Provided 10 mm F bar, @ -320 mm c/c the other direction.
### Design of bottom slab:- If ther is no sub-soil water nominal reinforcement would required .
However, because of saturated sub-soil, there will uplift pressure on the bottom slab, of the magnitude given by.
pu = wH1 = 9810 x 16.30 = 159903 N/m2 (assuming base slab thickness = 300 mm)
Chech against flotation.; The hole tank must be check against flotation when the tank is empty.
Total upward flotation force. = Pu = pu x B x L
Pu = 2E+05 x 40.00 x ### = 767534400 N
Total down ward force consists of weight of tank. Base slab thickness = 300 mm
Weight of walls = 2.73 x 2.00 x( 40.00 + ### )x 16.00 x ### = 349440000 N
Weight of roof slab and finishing = 0.2 x 40.00 x ### x ### = 24000000 N
Weight of base slab = 0.3 x 40.00 x 120 x ### = 36000000 N
Total weight W = 409440000 N
767534400 > 409440000 upward force is more than dpown ward force
hence provide projection in slab, beyond the face of vertical walls, by an amount x m alround, so that weight of
soil column supported by projection will provide additional down war force. It is assumed that if the tank is floted,
the earth would rupture on vrtical planes shown by dotted lines. (fig ) .Most soil would tend torupture on an
inclined planes, thus tendind to increase the effective down ward load from the earth but this might be small in
waterlogged non-cohesive ground.
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Chech : width B1 = 45.46 +( 2 x ### ) = ### m
Length = 125.46 +( 2 x ### ) = ### m
\ Weight of soil suppoted on projection: x = 2 x( L 1 +B1)x Hysat
x = 2 x( ### + ### )x ### x 16 x ### = #VALUE! N
The Bottom slab will be design as one way slab. Cosidered one metre length
Upward water pressure Pu = 159903 N/m2
Self weight of slab : 1 x 1 x 0.3 x ### = 7500 N/m2
\ Net upward pressure, p = 2E+05 - 7500 = 152403 N/m2
Weight of wall per m. run = 2.73 x 16.00 x 1 x 25000 = 1E+06 N/m
weight of roof slab, transferred to each wall, per m run
= 0.20 x( 2 + 2.73 )x 1 x ### = 23650 N
Weight of earth projection = 17000 x 16 x 1 x ###
= 272000 x 1 x ### = ### N/m
\ Net unbalanced force/m run = 2E+05 ( ### x 1 ) - 2 x( ### +
### + 23650 = ### N
\ Reaction on each wall = ### / 2 = ### N
Pa '= Ka yH +wH = 2E+05 N/m 2
\ pa = ### x 16 / 2 = 2E+06 N/m
Acting at = 16 / 3 + 0.3 = 5.6333333 m above the bottom of base slab
B.M. at the edge of ### x ### 2+ ### x ### 2
### x 5.633 -
cantilever portion '= 2 2.00
= #VALUE! N-m or #VALUE! N-mm Causing tension at bottom face
B.M. At center of span = ### x ### 2+ ### x 5.633 -( ### + ###
2 x 2
42.73 ###
+ 23650 )x - ### x ### x( - ### )'=
2 2
= #VALUE! + ### "- #VALUE! - ###
= #VALUE! N-m or #VALUE! N-mm Causing tension at top face
#VALUE!
Required depth = = #VALUE! mm
1.155 x 1000
Provide total depth ### + 50 = ### mm so that available d= ### mm
#VALUE!
Ast = = #VALUE! mm2
150 x 0.874 x ###
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 16 x 16
using ### mm bars A = = = 201 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 201 / ### = ### say = ### mm
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ ### mm c/c at bottom Face
For top face,
#VALUE!
Ast = = #VALUE! mm2
150 x 0.874 x
###
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 16 x 16
using ### mm bars A = = = 201 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 201 / ### = ### say = ### mm
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ ### mm c/c
Disrtibution reinforcement in longitudinal direction
### - 100
= 0.30 - 0.1 x = ### %
450 - 100
### x 1000 x ###
Area of steel = = #VALUE! mm2 On each face = ### mm2
100
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 8 x 8
using 8 mm bars A = = = 50.2 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of hoop Bars = 1000 x 50.2 / ### = ### say = ### mm
Hence Provided 8 mm F bar, @ ### mm c/c. on each face
16 mm f @ 10 mm c/c 8 mm f @
0 mm c/c
mm f @ mm c/c
mm f @ mm c/c 40.00 10.67 16 mm f @ 0
12 mm f @ mm c/c 16 mm f @ 20
mm f @ mm c/c
mm f @ mm c/c 5.33 16 mm f @ 0
12 mm f @ 0 mm c/c #VALUE! 16 mm f @ 10
0.30
2.73
mm f @ mm c/c
1.22
12 mm f @ 2440 mm c/c
12 mm f @ 0 mm c/c
mm f @ mm c/c 12.00 m
16.00 mm f @ mm c/c
12 mm f @ 0 mm c/c
12 mm f @ 1220 mm c/c
12 mm f @ 0 mm c/c 4.00 m
#VALUE! 12 mm f @ 0 mm c/c #VALUE!
0.3
0.3
16.00
#VALUE!
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VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS
Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 Grade of concrete
Modular Ratio 18.67 13.33 10.98 9.33 8.11 7.18 tbd (N / mm2)
scbc N/mm2 5 7 8.5 10 11.5 13
m scbc 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33
kc 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
(a) sst =
jc 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867
140
N/mm2 Rc 0.867 1.214 1.474 1.734 1.994 2.254 Grade of
(Fe 250) Pc (%) concrete
0.714 1 1.214 1.429 1.643 1.857
kc 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 M 15
(b) sst = jc 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 M 20
190 Rc 0.732 1.025 1.244 1.464 1.684 1.903 M 25
N/mm2
Pc (%) 0.433 0.606 0.736 0.866 0.997 1.127 M 30
kc 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 M 35
(c ) sst =
jc 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 M 40
230
N/mm2 Rc 0.653 0.914 1.11 1.306 1.502 1.698 M 45
(Fe 415) Pc (%) 0.314 0.44 0.534 0.628 0.722 0.816 M 50
kc 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253
(d) sst =
jc 0.916 0.916 0.916 0.914 0.916 0.916
275
N/mm2 Rc 0.579 0.811 0.985 1.159 1.332 1.506
(Fe 500) Pc (%) 0.23 0.322 0.391 0.46 0.53 0.599
Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 Grade of concrete
tc.max 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.5 sct.max