30-CrashCourseWorldHistoryVideoNotes

TheHaitianRevolution

1. The_____________colonyinSaintDominguebeganinthe17thcenturyasapirateoutpost.Its
originalFrenchinhabitantsmadetheirlivingsellingleatherandakindofsmokedbeefcalledboucan.
2. After1640,theboucan-sellersstartedtorunlowonbeefandturnedtorobbingSpanishgalleons
whichasyoullrecallwereloadedwith_____________minedfromSouthAmerica.
3. Bythemiddleofthe17thcentury,manyoftheminvestedsomeoftheirpiratetreasurein
_____________andsoonthisislandwasthemostvaluablecolonyintheWestIndies.
4. Itproduced40%ofEuropessugar,60%ofitscoffee,anditwashometomore_____________
thananyplaceexceptBrazil.
5. Bythe19thcentury,slavesmadeupabout_______ofthepopulation.Mostofthoseslaveswere
Africanborn,becausethebrutallivingandworkingconditionspreventednaturalpopulationgrowth.
6. ColonialsocietyinSaintDominguewasdividedintofourgroups,whichhadimportantconsequences
fortherevolution.
a. Atthetop,weretheBigWhiteplanterswhoownedtheplantationsandalltheslaves.Often
these__________________________wereabsenteelandlordswhowouldjustratherstayin
Franceandlettheiragentsdotheactualbrutality.
b. Belowthemwerethewealthyfreepeopleofcolormostlytheoff-springofFrenchmenandslave
women.Thesefreepeopleofcolorcontributedalottotheislands_____________.They
servedinthe_____________,andinthelocalconstabulary,andmanyofthewealthierones
eventuallyowned_____________andslavesoftheirown.
c. Nextonthesocialladderwerethepoorwhites,orthe__________________________,who
workedasartisansandlaborers.
d. Atthebottomwerethe_____________whomadeuptheoverwhelmingmajority.
7. Whenthe_____________Revolutionbrokeoutin1789,allthesegroupshadsomethingtocomplain
about.Theslaves,obviously,dislikedbeingslaves.Thefreepeopleofcolorwerestillsubjecttolegal
_____________,nomatterhowwealthytheybecame.Andthepoorwhiteswereresentfulofallthe
privilegesheldbythewealthypeopleofcolor.TheGrandBlancswerecomplainingaboutFrench
_____________lawsandthegovernmentsattemptstoslightlyimprovethelivingandworking
conditionsofslaves.
8. TheunrestinwhatbecameHaitistartedin1789whenwordofthechangesinFrancereachedthe
peopleofHaiti,whereTheDeclarationofRightsof______________________________,while
terrifyingtoplanters,gavehopebothtofreepeopleofcolorandtoslaves.Thepetitblanc
identifiedwiththe_____________estateinFranceAndtheybeganlobbyingforcolonial
_____________.Thenin1791,theseradicalpetitblancsseizedthecityofPortauPrince.
9. Meanwhile,urgestoward_____________,fraternity,and_____________wereonlygrowingin
FranceandtheNationalAssemblygavefullFrenchcitizenshiptoallfreemenofcolor.
10. Thepetitblancswerentthrilledaboutthis,andthatledtofightingbreakingoutbetweenthemand
thenewlyFrenchfreepeopleofcolor.ByAugustof1791,amassive_____________revoltbroke
out.
11. AmongtheleadersofthisrevoltwasToussaintBreda,aformerslaveoffullAfricandescent,who
latertookthenameToussaintLOuverture.LOuverturehelpedmoldtheslavesintoa
_____________armythatcouldwithstandattacksfromtheFrenchtroops.
12. The_____________hadconsistentlysupportedslaverevoltsinSaintDominguehopingtoweaken
theFrench.But,by1793theywereofferingevenmoresupport.Infact,LOuverturebecamean
officerintheSpanishmilitarybecausetheemancipationoftheslaveswasmoreimportanttohim
thanmaintaininghisrightsasaFrenchCitizen.
13. InOctoberof1793the_____________,whowerealsoatwarwithFrance,decidedtoinvadeSaint
Domingue.TheFrenchmilitarycommanderswereconvincedtheywouldlosethewariffoughtthe
British,theSpanish,andtheslaves,soletsfreetheslaves.TheNationalConventioninParisratified
thosedecrees.
14. HavinglearnedoftheConventionsactions,_____________switchedallegiancestotheFrenchand
turnedthetideofthewar.Thus,themostsuccessfulslaverevoltinhumanhistorywonfreedomand
citizenshipforeveryslaveintheFrenchCaribbean.
15. Between1794and1802,hesuccessfullysteeredthecolonytowardindependence.So,although
slaverywasabolished,thisdidntendthe_____________systembecausebothLOuvertureandhis
compatriotAndreRigaudbelievedthatsugarwasvitaltotheeconomichealthoftheisland.
16. Butsoon,LOuvertureandRigaudcameintoconflictleadingtoa__________________________,
whichLOuverture,withthehelpofhisablelieutenantJacquesDessailines,wasabletowinafter13
monthsofhardfighting.
17. LOuverturethenpassedanewconstitution,andthingsweregoingprettywellonSaintDominguewith
thesmallproblemthatitwasstilltechnicallypartofFrance,whichmeantthatitwasabouttobe
ruledby_____________Bonaparte.
18. In1799,NapoleonseizedpowerinFranceinacoupandestablishedanewconstitutionthat
specificallypointedoutitslawsdidnotapplytoFrancesoverseascolonies.Napoleonhadplansto
reconstructFrancesempireinNorthAmericathatithadlostmostofinthe_____________
__________________________,andtodothisheneededtonsofmoneyfromFrancesmost
valuablecolony,SaintDomingue.
19. NapoleonthenreinstatedslaverythisstartedthesecondphaseoftheHaitianrevolution,thefight
forindependence.
20. Leclerc(Napoleonsbrother-inlaw)triedtotakeawaythegunsoftheformerslaves,thusbeginninga
_____________warthattheFrench,despitetheirsuperiortrainingandweapons,hadabsolutelyno
chanceofwinning.
21. TheHaitianshadthebestallyofall:_____________,specificallyintheformofYellowFever,
whichkilledthousandsofFrenchsoldiers,includingLeclerchimself.
22. SocontinueddefeatandthedeathofhistroopseventuallyconvincedNapoleontogiveuphisdreams
ofanAmericanempireandcuthislosses.Andthen,hesoldThomasJefferson_____________.
23. OnJanuary1,1804,DessaillineswhohaddefeatedtheFrench,declaredtheislandofSaintDomingue
independentandrenamedit_____________,whichiswhattheislandhadbeencalledbythenative
inhabitantsbeforethearrivalofColumbus.