Chapter

18: Key Terms/People to Know

KEY TERMS

Popular sovereignty: A doctrine written by Lewis Cass that stated that the supreme power of
the people within the given territory should decide whether to have slavery or not.

Free Soil party: A Northerner, anti-slavery group and, believed in federal aid for internal
improvements, and free government housing for settlers.

California Gold Rush: American River near Sutter's Mill, California was found by booming
Gold and many lawless workers with women came to collect it.

Underground Railroad: A freedom train of informal stations were runaway slaves would be
conducted by balck or white abolitionists from slave states to free soil in Canada.

Seventh of March Speech: A speech given by Daniel Webster that changed North views on
a Compromise and many copies were sold.

Compromise of 1850: The law that gave a North and Southerner agreement on ideas that
gave equal gains to both.

Fugitive Slave Law: Stated that slaves that fled could not testify for themselves and were
denied jury trial.

Clayton-Bulwer Treaty: Stated that neither American or Britain would hold powerful control
over any isthmus.

Ostend Manifesto: took place in 1854. A group of southerners met with Spanish officials in
Belgium to attempt to get more slave territory.

Opium War: When Britain was smuggling opium into China to gain port access so it did and
China opened 5 of its ports in China especially one in Hong Kong.

Treaty of Wanghia: It was the first diplomatic agreement between China and the United
States on July 3rd, 1844 which gave an all trading terms, and a lot of other terms.

Treaty of Kanagawa: It was signed in March 31, 1854 where it allowed a trading with Japan
and end the Japanese isolationism.

Gadsden Purchase: A purchase from Mexico for $10m in 1853 with James Gadson and
President of Mexico, Santa Anna.

Kansas-Nebraska Act: Went against the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and Douglas
proposed to get rid of the Missouri Compromise and President Pierce supported the
Kansas one.

PEOPLE TO KNOW

Lewis Cass: A Senator, Diplomat, Democratic Party, and a veteran of the War of 1812 that
people looked up too for the problem of slavery in in the Mexican, New Ceased territories.
Zachary Taylor: A Whig that was the proud man of this party but he never held an upper
office job and never touched the slavery issue and owned many slaves.

Harriet Tubman: A runaway female slave that rescued more that 300,000 slaves and the
most amazing of these conductors.

Millard Fillmore: Millard Fillmore, vice president of Taylor rose to power when Taylor
suddenly died and signed the Compromise of 1850.

Franklin Pierce: His presidency revived territorial expansion and approved of the
Compromise of 1850 and fugitive law.

William Walker: Put himself as president in Nicaragua in July 1856 and approved of slavery
but was later overthrown by Central American countries and later killed in 1860s.

Caleb Cushing: He arrived at Macao in Southern China with 4 gun - warships to convince
China to open up one of its ports.

Matthew C. Perry: In 1853 he set sailed on President Millard Fillmore orders to propose a
trade treaty with Japan and again he used gun ships to do so.

TREATY OF WHANGIA

WILLIAM WALKER