Well Testing

ENPE 509
Fall 2016
Lecture Notes#11
Drillstem Testing Operations and Analysis

Khalifa R. Mohammed Abdulsadek, PhD, P.Eng

Khalifa.Abdulsadek@ucalgray.ca

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Drillstem Testing (DST) and Analysis

Learning objectives:

Describe conventional DST

Describe DST Tools and Operations
Interpret pressure transient data obtained from DST

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 Conventional DST - Objectives
Historically the DST is used to identify reservoir fluids. If enough fluid can be produced during a DST, the fluid
reservoir type can be identified. Now a days, DST has become an important tool for reservoir evaluation.

The most common application of a DST is to obtain information about a zone during
the drilling phase, but
before the deploying the well completion equipment.

An open hole wellbore can be tested by setting packers below and above (Straddle
testing) of the layer of interest to isolate the layer. Formation fluid is then allowed to
flow into the drill string.

DST can be viewed as a temporary well completion whose purpose is to obtain

some or all of the tested reservoir / formation information.

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Conventional DST Objectives Cont.
Well Productivity test
Determine well deliverability
Characterize formation damage and
other sources of Skin
Identify produced fluids and determine
their respective volume ratios
Measure reservoir Pressure and
temperature
Obtain representative fluid samples
suitable for PVT analysis
Evaluate completion efficiency
Evaluate workover or stimulation
treatments
Descriptive Reservoir Tests
Assess reservoir extent and
geometry
Determine hydraulic
communication between wells
Characterize reservoir
heterogeneities
Evaluate reservoir parameters
such as: formation permeability, skin
factor, and static reservoir pressure.
Conventional DST - Procedures
A DST normally consists of two flow periods and two shut-in periods.

The initial shut-in period, which should be at least 1 hour, provides buildup data for
initial estimates of reservoir properties.

The initial flow period is a brief production period (5 minutes or less), mud filtrate
clean up

The final flow period (30 minutes to several hours), provides a reservoir fluid sample
and generates a pressure transient whose radius of investigation reaches beyond any
altered zone around the well bore.

The final shut-in period (one to two times as long as the final flow period), provides
pressure transient data to estimate reservoir properties.

The extrapolated shut-in pressures (estimates of initial reservoir pressure) from the
http://www.osha.gov
initial and final shut-in periods should be in agreement.

If the initial reservoir pressure the initial and final shut in are not in agreement, that 5
could be an indication of depletion.
 Conventional DST Operation Sequence

pihm initial hydrostatic pressure, pfhm final hydrostatic pressure

pif1 initial flowing pressure during the 1st flow period, pisi shut in pressure at the end 1st shut in period

pif2 initial flowing pressure during the 2nd flow period pfsi shut in pressure at the end 2nd shut in period

pff1 flowing pressure at the end 1st flow period

Pff2 flowing pressure at the end 2nd flow period

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Conventional DST Operation Sequence cont.

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 Conventional DST Duration
Test duration: Reservoir conditions may dictate the durations of test periods in specific situations, Lee et al. offer
the following general guidelines for designing the durations of the flow and shut-in periods of a DST.

The initial flow period should be 5 minutes or less (t1)

The initial shut-in period should be at least 1 hour. (t2)

For homogeneous (single-layer, single-porosity) formations:

If the total test period is tt then

the 2nd flow period duration is one third of (tt-t1-t2)

the 2nd shut in period duration is two thirds of (tt-t1-t2)

For heterogeneous (multilayer or dual-porosity) formations:

If the total test period is tt then

the 2nd flow period duration is one half of (tt-t1-t2)

the 2nd shut in period duration is one half of (tt-t1-t2)
The relatively longer final flow period, compared with that for homogeneous reservoir, it is necessary for detecting8
heterogeneities
DST Tools & Operations

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Well Test Setup

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DST Definition

Definition:
Temporary completion using downhole tools to
gather data on the potential productivity of a
reservoir.

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DST String objective

Objectives:

Isolate the target zone

Convey fluid to surface
Control well flow
Acquire downhole data

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Typical DST String

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DST Basic Principle

Annulus pressure (Ph)

DP or Tubing
Cushion pressure (Pc)
Formation pressure (Pf)

Pc

Pc < Pf < Ph
Tester Valve

Ph Packer

Pf

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RIH and Set packer
Annulus pressure (Ph)
Cushion pressure (Pc)
Formation pressure
(Pf)
P

Pressure & Temp Recorder

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Open Tester Valve

Annulus pressure (Ph)

Cushion pressure (Pc)
Formation pressure
(Pf)
P

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Flow Well

Annulus pressure (Ph)

Cushion pressure (Pc)
Formation pressure
(Pf)
P

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Shut in Well

Annulus pressure (Ph)

Cushion pressure (Pc)
Formation pressure
(Pf)
P

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Open Reversing valve

Annulus pressure (Ph)

Cushion pressure (Pc)
Formation pressure
(Pf)
P

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Reverse Out String Content

Annulus pressure (Ph)

Cushion pressure (Pc)
Formation pressure
(Pf)
P

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Bullhead

Annulus pressure (Ph)

Cushion pressure (Pc)
Formation pressure
(Pf)
P

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Pull Packer

Annulus pressure (Ph)

Cushion pressure (Pc)
Formation pressure
(Pf)
P

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POOH

Annulus pressure (Ph)

Cushion pressure (Pc)
Formation pressure
(Pf)
P

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Well Location and Configuration

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Types of DST

Open hole Cased hole Straddle Testing

Barefoot
Packer set in
Packer set in casing Casing needs to Open or cased hole
open hole
Well flowing from be perforated
open hole

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DST Analysis Techniques
1.Conventional semilog analysis Horner Plot
2.Type-curve
some limitations exist in regards to the underlying assumptions, which may lead to incorrect interpretations
of DST data. The Horner method and conventional type-curve matching are adequate for analyzing a DST
only when the well flows to the surface and when the rate remains constant.

For DST's in which the well does not flow to the surface, analysis techniques developed by Ramey
et al. and Peres et al., should be used for the analysis.

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DST Analysis Techniques - Ramey et al. Type Curves
These type curves and semilog analysis method have been developed for DST when the flow does not
reach the surface. These type curves are obtained from solutions to the diffusivity equation modeling the
pressure behavior in a well with a rising liquid level in the well bore during the test.

Where:
PDR: Dimensionless pressure ratio
qDR: Dimensionless sandface rate
PwD: Dimensionless pressure
tD: Dimensionless time
CD: Dimensionless wellbore storage coefficient.
CDe2s: correlating parameter
pi = initial reservoir pressure, psia;
pwf(t) = flowing BHP, psia; and
po = pressure in the drill string immediately before the flow period begins, psia. 27
Example 8.3
DST Analysis Techniques - Ramey et al. Type Curves (cont.)

MP

MP

MP

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DST Analysis Techniques - Peres et al. Method
It provides a method for analyzing pressure-buildup data from a DST when produced liquids do not reach the
surface during a flow period. The method accounts for producing time and variable flow rate during the flow
period. The drawdown wellbore-storage coefficient, CF (bbl/psi), is defined by

The buildup wellbore-storage coefficient is defined by CS=Vwbcwb. The pressure response during a buildup
period in a DST is given by:

tm = multi-rate time function defined

po is the initial BHP at the start of the test.

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 DST Analysis Techniques - Peres et al. Method
We can estimate the formation permeability with the slope of the straight line, mm,

Extrapolating the straight line to tm = 0 gives the initial reservoir pressure, pi

The skin factor, s, is given by

where the average flowing pressure the flow period and is defined by

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Examples 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3
Example 8.1 Example 8.2

Water Cushion Not needed Needed

Formation Consolidated Sandstone Carbonate - Probably Naturally fractured
Homogenous Acting Naturally fractured (Dual porosity reservoir
Total depth 5300 ft 10050 ft
productive Interval 5120 5150 ft 9950 10020 ft
Casing
Drillpipe 3.5 in 4.5 in
2.992 in (inside diameter) 3.958 in (inside diameter)
9.5 lbm/gal 13.75 lbm/ft
Collapse rating 10040 psi 7200 psi
Wellbore filled with mud
mud weight (Wm) 9 lbm/gal 12.4 lbm/gal
Low water loss Mud 10 cm3 10 cm3
Marsh-funnel viscousity does not exceed 80 seconds
Temperature 120 F, at midpoint of productive Interval) 180 F, at midpoint of productive interval
Pressure 2390 Psi, midpoint of Interval 4500 Psi, midpoint of Interval
Objectives: Identify Formation Fluid Type Identify Formation Fluid Type
Obtain Pressure Transient Data Obtain Pressure Transient Data
The test is limited as nearly as possible to the interval
to maximize the likelihood of recovering reservoir fluids and minimize WBS
Water weight 8.33 8.33 lbm/gal
Water Gradient (gw) 0.433 0.433 psi / ft
Design Factor (Fd) 1.125 1.125
Depth (Dc) 5150 10020 ft

Pcollapse (gw)(Wm)(Dc)(Fd)/Ww 2710 psi 7266 psi

The collapse rating of 10040 psi is more than adequate in this case, so the test can be run Which exceeds the collapse rating of 7200 psi for this pipe. To offset the hydrostatic pressure
with empty drillpipe. and reduce the net collapsing pressure on the pipe below 7200 psi. a 158-ft Cushion of water
is run in the drillpipe. At water gradient of 0.433 psi/ft, a 158-ft water column inside the pipe
creates an offsetting hydrostatic pressure of 68 psi to reduce the net collapsing pressure to 7200 psi.

A straddle design is used for the test. The string includes two conventional packers to be positioned Because the bottom of the interval to be tested is very near the bottom of the wellbore, an on bottom
immediately above and below the interval to be tested. design is used.

Satisfactory packer seats are available in this vicinity, the sand is consolidated, and calliper indicates The caliper log indicates numerous washouts in the wellbore, limiting the availability of good packer seats
no washouts in the nieghborhood of the interval. According to the logs, the nearest acceptable site for packer seats is 50 ft above the top of the interval

Test test tool has three pressure recorders and is operated by reciprocating motion of the drillingstring. If conventional packer were to be placed at this point, the total test interval would be 150 ft.
with such a long inteval , a substantial amount of mud would have to be displaced out of the test tool.
Considering the objectives of the DST, it has been designed with two flow and two shut-in periods. psossibly preventing the collection of a good sample of formation fluid.

Experience with this formation suggests that a total test time of 10 hours should be adequate to achieved WBS effects could last too long for satisfactory pressure transient data to be obtained.
achieved the test objectives.

The initial flow period is 5 minutes, and intial shut-in period is 90 minutes. Therefore, an infatable packer is used to isolate the interval below 9950 ft.

On the basis of the previous evaluation of this formation, the reservoir is thought to be homogenous
(single-layer, single porosity). Therefore the final flow period is 168 minutes (one third of the remaining 505 minutes) The test tool has theree recorders (gauges) and is operating by reciprocating motion of drillstring
and the final shut-in period is 337 minutes (two thrisnof the remaining time).

Considering the DST objectives, the test is designed with two flow periods and two shut-in periods.
Experience with this formation suggests that a total test time of 12 hours should be adequate to
achieve the test objectives.

The initial flow period is 5 minutes, and the intial shut-in period is 90 minutes.

Because the reservoir is naturally fractured (dual porosity), the final flow and shut-in periods
each is 312.5 minutes (one-half of the reamaining 625 minutes).

The relatively longer final flow period, compared with that for homogeneous reservoir,
is necessary for detecting heterogeneities 31
DST Examples Field Data

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Well A - Logs Interpretation & DST String

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Courtesy to the National Oil Company (NOC) - Libya
Well A- DST- Summary of the field production data
Report data at 30 min intervals or more frequently if necessary
Report bottomhole data when available
Date 11th January 1998
Test Day 1 Gauge depth 6162 ft MD RKB
ft MD RKB Gauge 023916 119157
Page 1 of 16 (Run1) 6173 ft MD RKB Gauge 109051 010815

Corrected to STP
Time Choke WHP WHT Csg P Ann P DSCP BS+W H2S CO2 Sep P Sep T Oil Q Gas Q H2O Q Oil SG Gas SG H2O Cl- DHP DHT
(64ths') (psig) (deg F) (psig) (psig) (psig) (%) (ppm) (%) (psig) (deg F) (bpd) (Msfd) (bpd) (air=1) (ppm) (psia) (deg F)
1 0:35 TCP guns through rotary table
2 2:05 Memory gauges installed on gauge carrier
3 13:15 Installed flowhead on test string, rigged up surface lines
4 14:00 Pressure tested surface lines to 4000 psi
5 14:25 Test good, test pressure bled off
6 14:31 Closed kill valve and opened master valve
7 14:47 Set packer at 6194'
8 14:51 Close pipe rams - Held safety meeting 3228.4 162.1
9 15:01 Pressured up annulus to open POTV 973.8 162.1
10 15:20 Dropped bar to fire TCP guns 976.4 162.6
11 15:22 0 0 Amb Guns fired to perforate interval 6291' - 6333' 1010.4 162.7
12 15:30 0 0 Amb 1500 Well opened on 64/64" adjustable choke to flare pit 1151.8 163
13 15:35 64 0 Amb Moderate blow at surface 1203.6 164
14 15:40 64 0 Amb Moderate blow at surface - Closed POTV and closed choke manifold 1253.2 165.3
15 16:40 0 0 Pressured annulus to open POTV 2585 166.4
16 16:41 0 0 Well opened on 64/64" adjustable choke to flare pit 1284.3 166.4
17 16:45 64 0 Amb Strong blow at surface 1309.9 166.5
18 16:50 64 0 Amb Strong blow at surface 1354 166.7
19 16:55 64 0 Amb Moderate blow at surface 1394.8 167.1
20 17:00 64 0 Amb 1550 Moderate blow at surface 1443.7 167.5
21 17:30 64 0 Amb 1575 Moderate blow at surface 1631.4 169
22 18:00 64 0 Amb 1600 Moderate blow at surface 1801.4 169.3
23 18:30 64 0 Amb 1500 Moderate blow at surface 1950.4 169.4
24 18:38 64 12 Water observed at surface 1954.4 169.4
25 18:54 64 167 Gas and mud observed at surface 1394.7 169.3
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Courtesy to the National Oil Company (NOC) - Libya
Well A- DST- Summary of the field production data
Report data at 30 min intervals or more frequently if necessary
Report bottomhole data when available
Date 16th January 1998
Test Day 6 Gauge depth 6153 ft
ft MD RKB
MD RKB Gauge 023916 119157
Page 12 of 16 (Run2) 6163 ft MD RKB Gauge 109051 010815

Corrected to STP
Time Choke WHP WHT Csg P Ann P DSCP BS+W H2S CO2 Sep P Sep T Oil Q Gas Q H2O Q Oil SG Gas SG H2O Cl- DHP DHT GOR
(64ths') (psig) (deg F) (psig) (psig) (psig) (%) (ppm) (%) (psig) (deg F) (bpd) (Msfd) (bpd) (air=1) (ppm) (psia) (deg F) (scf/bbl)
1 0:00 32 779 109 1600 125 11 0 1 115 101 1924 1449 0.786 0.865 2055.6 181.5 753
2 0:30 32 779 105 1600 125 11 115 101 1939 1446 0.786 0.868 2052.9 181.5 746
3 1:00 32 779 106 1600 125 13 0 1 115 102 1902 1439 0.768 0.868 2050.3 181.5 757
4 1:30 32 778 110 1610 126 12 115 102 1908 1442 0.785 0.865 2047.7 181.5 756
5 2:00 32 777 107 1610 126 1.5 0 1 115 102 1890 1413 0.785 0.865 2045.2 181.5 748
6 2:30 32 777 107 1610 125 5 115 103 1898 1440 0.787 0.866 2042.7 181.5 759
7 3:00 32 776 108 1610 126 5 0 1 115 102 1902 1429 0.787 0.866 2040.2 181.5 751
8 3:30 32 777 103 1625 125 2 115 102 1943 1425 0.788 0.872 2037.7 181.5 733
9 4:00 32 775 118 1625 125 20 0 1 115 102 1871 1459 0.788 0.872 2035.3 181.5 780
10 4:30 32 775 117 1630 125 2 115 101 1874 1476 0.786 0.866 2032.9 181.5 788
11 5:00 32 775 117 1630 126 10 0 1 115 101 1893 1498 0.786 0.866 2030.6 181.5 791
12 5:30 32 774 115 1630 127 3 115 101 1886 1480 0.785 0.868 2028.2 181.5 785
13 6:00 32 774 116 1630 127 3 0 1 117 102 1893 1490 0.785 0.868 2025.9 181.5 787
14 6:30 32 773 116 1635 129 0.5 119 100 1872 1505 0.787 0.861 2023.7 181.5 804
15 7:00 32 773 114 1640 127 2 0 1 121 102 1891 1503 0.787 0.861 2021 181.5 795
16 N.B. - BSW figures quoted are for emulsion only, unless otherwise noted
17 7:01 32 Well closed in downhole at POTV 2037.5 181.4
18 7:07 48 Closed in at choke manifold 2065.3 181.1
19 7:10 0 368 2072.3 181
20 7:30 0 378 2100.9 180.5
21 8:00 0 394 2127.3 180
22 8:30 0 409 2147.6 179.5
23 9:00 0 425 2164.7 179.2
24 9:30 0 435 2180.2 178.8
25 10:00 0 450 2194.5 178.5

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Courtesy to the National Oil Company (NOC) - Libya
Well A- DST- Summary of the field production data
Report data at 30 min intervals or more frequently if necessary
Report bottomhole data when available
Date 17th January 1998
Test Day 7 Gauge depth 6153 ft
ft MD
MD RKB
RKB Gauge 023916 119157
Page 14 of 16 (Run2) 6163 ft MD RKB Gauge 109051 010815

Corrected to STP
Time Choke WHP WHT Csg P Ann P DSCP BS+W H2S CO2 Sep P Sep T Oil Q Gas Q H2O Q Oil SG Gas SG H2O Cl- DHP DHT
(64ths') (psig) (deg F) (psig) (psig) (psig) (%) (ppm) (%) (psig) (deg F) (bpd) (Msfd) (bpd) (air=1) (ppm) (psia) (deg F)
1 9:00 0 514 2476.7 175.5
2 10:00 0 514 2479.8 175.5
3 11:00 0 513 2482.8 175.4
4 12:00 0 513 2485.6 175.4
5 13:00 0 513 2488.2 175.3
6 14:00 0 513 2490.6 175.3
7 15:00 0 513 2492.9 175.3
8 16:00 0 513 2495 175.2
9 17:00 0 513 2496.9 175.2
10 18:00 0 512 2498.7 175.2
11 19:00 0 511 Opened POTV 2261.9 175.1
12 19:05 0 1050 2366.9 176.4
13 19:10 0 1079 2414.5 177.7
14 19:15 0 1087 2433.9 178.2
15 19:30 0 1098 2458 178.3
16 19:45 0 1100 2468.1 178
17 20:00 0 1101 Opened well on 24/64" adjustable choke, gradually increasing choke size 2461.7 177.7
18 20:01 24 1000 Increased choke to 44/64" adjustable 2414 177.7
19 20:03 44 400 120 Increased choke to 48/64" adjustable - liquid to surface 2295.8 177.8
20 20:10 48 734 200 Increased choke to 60/64" adjustable 2245.1 178.9
21 20:22 60 609 210 Increased choke to 70/64" adjustable 2107.5 179.7
22 20:24 70 520 240 Increased choke to 80/64" adjustable 2085.5 179.8
23 20:30 80 492 240 2026.6 180
24 20:34 80 490 240 Switched to 80/64" fixed choke 2009.7 180.1
25 20:36 80 490 118 180 Diverted well through separator 2004.1 180.2

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Courtesy to the National Oil Company (NOC) - Libya
 Well A- DST- Summary of the field production data
Report data at 30 min intervals or more frequently if necessary
Report bottomhole data when available
Date 17th January 1998
Test Day 7 Gauge depth 6153 ft
ft MD
MD RKB
RKB Gauge 023916 119157
Page 15 of 16 (Run2) 6163 ft MD RKB Gauge 109051 010815

Corrected to STP
Time Choke WHP WHT Csg P Ann P DSCP BS+W H2S CO2 Sep P Sep T Oil Q Gas Q H2O Q Oil SG Gas SG H2O Cl- DHP DHT
(64ths') (psig) (deg F) (psig) (psig) (psig) (%) (ppm) (%) (psig) (deg F) (bpd) (Msfd) (bpd) (air=1) (ppm) (psia) (deg F) GOR Previous
1 21:00 80 492 121 250 1932.2 180.5 GORs
2 21:15 80 494 121 245 5 0 1 220 120 6181 0.789 0.821 1893.4 180.5
3 21:30 80 495 123 260 2 210 122 7118 5179 0.789 0.821 1857.2 180.6 728 753
4 22:00 80 496 123 1550 260 1 220 122 6877 5814 0.789 0.821 1791.8 180.7 845 746
5 22:30 80 498 120 1550 260 3 225 121 5986 6392 0.789 0.821 1734.7 180.7 1068 757
6 23:00 80 492 111 1600 265 1 0 1 230 122 5499 6517 0.789 0.821 1684.4 180.8 1185 756
7 23:15 80 495 112 260 1 230 122 4707 6553 0.789 0.811 1661.4 180.8 1392 748
8 23:30 80 492 111 1600 265 1 225 122 4832 6421 0.789 0.811 1639.6 180.8 1329 759
9 23:45 80 490 113 265 490 122 4592 6492 0.789 0.811 1619.1 180.8 1414 751
10 18th January 1998 733
11 0:00 81 487 112 1600 265 1 0 1 230 120 4761 6505 0.789 0.811 1599.3 180.7 1366 780
12 0:15 81 485 120 270 230 119 4601 6575 0.789 0.802 1580.9 180.7 1429 788
13 0:30 81 482 122 1540 270 230 123 4386 6549 0.789 0.802 1563.6 180.6 1493 791
14 0:32 Bypassed separator, Bled off annulus to close POTV 785
15 0:35 1679.7 180.5 787
16 0:40 1725 180.5 804
17 0:45 1753.9 180.2 795
18 0:46 Closed in at Choke manifold 1776.8 180 Average
19 0:50 Opened kill wing valve, commenced filling string with mud. 1776.8 180
20 0:55 1796.2 179.9
21 1:00 1813.2 179.9
22 1:05 1828.4 179.8
23 1:10 1842.3 179.7
24 1:15 1855.1 179.6
25 1:19 Pressured up annulus to open POTV

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Courtesy to the National Oil Company (NOC) - Libya
Well A- DST- Summary of the field production data
Report data at 30 min intervals or more frequently if necessary
Report bottomhole data when available
Date 18th January 1998
Test Day 8 Gauge depth 6153 ft
ft MD
MD RKB
RKB Gauge 023916 119157
Page 16 of 16 (Run2) 6163 ft MD RKB Gauge 109051 010815

Corrected to STP
Time Choke WHP WHT Csg P Ann P DSCP BS+W H2S CO 2 Sep P Sep T Oil Q Gas Q H2O Q Oil SG Gas SG H2O Cl- DHP DHT
(64ths') (psig) (deg F) (psig) (psig) (psig) (%) (ppm) (%) (psig) (deg F) (bpd) (Msfd) (bpd) (air=1) (ppm) (psia) (deg F)
1 1:20 0 Bull headed 20 bbls of mud to the formation. 1935.2 179.6
2 1:50 0 Opened Pipe rams
3 1:53 0 Unseated packer
4 1:55 0 Circulate to condition mud, observe well static
5 5:05 0 Rigged down flow head.
6 6:05 Commence pulling out of hole with test string.
7 11:40 At surface with gauge carrier.
8
9 End of DST # 3
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

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Well A- DST- Events, Pressure and production data vs. Time

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Well B- Interpreted logs with the Perforation Intervals DST String

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Well B- DST- Events, Pressure and production data vs. Time

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Well C- DST- Events, Pressure and production data vs. Time

First Shut in Main Build Up Period

First Clean Up Main Flow Period

32/64 Choke

64/64 Choke Sampling Period

Q=950 bopd/psi

Q= 930 bopd
Q= 2060 bopd

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Well C- DST- Diagnostic (pressure change &derivative) Plot

Both Build Up derivative are consistence

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Well C- DST- Diagnostic (pressure change &derivative) Plot

44
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Well D- DST- Events, Pressure and production data vs. Time

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Well D- DST- Diagnostic (pressure change &derivative) Plot

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Courtesy to the National Oil Company (NOC) - Libya
47
 Appendix I:
DST - Full Testing Package
crew

48
 list a Full Testing Package crew
identify all components of a standard SWT equipment
describe the main purpose of a standard SWT
equipment

49
When performing well tests, the following items must be
addressed:
requirements of dynamic conditions
type and layout of surface testing equipment
equipment needed to collect samples at the surface
safety requirement

50
Creation of a pressure disturbance depends on whether
the reservoir is producing or shut in:
if the well has been shut in for a long time, is to flow the
reservoir; this is called drawdown.
if the well has been flowing for a long time, is to shut in
the well; this is called buildup.

51
Surface testing equipment must safely and reliably
perform a wide range of functions:
quickly control pressure and flowrates at the surface
and shut in the well.
separate the effluent into three separate fluids (oil, gas
and water), accurately meter the fluids, collect and
separate solids as applicable.
collect surface samples.
dispose of the resulting fluids in an environmentally
safe manner.
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Testing
Package

Three Phase Gauge Tank

Surface
Test Separator
Read - out Gas Flare

Oil Burner

PT Surface Data PTQ

Acquisition

DST Downhole Data Acquisition

Test string Real time (DGA, Datalatch)
Recorders (Unigauge)

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Courtesy to Schlumberger well Testing Services
Full Testing package Crew
1 Supervisor
2 Well test chief operators
2-4 Well test operators
2 Sub sea specialists
1-2 DST Specialists
1-2 TCP Specialists
1-2 TDA Specialists
1-2 Slickline Specialists
1-2 Oilphase,(BHS, SS, WFA)
1 Mechanic
1 / 1 Crane operator / Driver
1-2-3-4 Helpers
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Standard set of
equipment :

Flowhead Separator

Safety valve Gauge or surge tank

Sand filters Transfer pump

Choke manifold Oil and gas manifolds

Emergency shutdown (ESD) Burners and booms

system
Heat exchanger

55
Surface Testing
Equipment

the Flowhead controls the well pressure.

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Equipment

the choke manifold controls the flow and the

pressure.

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Equipment

the heater (or steam exchanger) is used to raise the

effluent temperature to fight hydrates (gas well), and
to break emulsion or to reduce foam and viscosity (oil
well), and improve burning.
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Equipment

the separator is use to separate, meter and sample

the three phases of the effluent.
To obtain accurate & representative data, separator
must be run under steady conditions.

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Equipment

the gauge or surge tank are used to store oil, to

calibrate the liquid meters, to measure the shrinkage
and low liquid flowrate.

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Surface Testing
Equipment

the transfer pump is used to empty the tank and to

ensure proper atomization pressure (clean burning) at
the burner head.

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Equipment

the oil is disposed of through the burner located at the

extremity of the booms to reduce heat radiations
towards the rig.

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Surface Testing
Equipment

the gas is burned separately through a gas flare

located on the burner booms.

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Equipment
Flexible
flowline:
Coflexip hose

Rigid piping

the various elements of the SWT chain are

interconnected with piping, generally flexible between
FH & CM, and rigid everywhere else.

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 40 or 60 feet
FLEXIBLE PIPING long

- High Pressure flexible hose ended

with weco-union or graylock
connections, used between FH & CM :
COFLEXIP

- Low Pressure flexible rubber hoses,

ended with weco union, used generally
for air, water lines
2 or 3m long

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 FLEXIBLE PIPING
- High Pressure flexible hose used
between FH & CM : COFLEXIP , to allow up
an down movement of the string (DST tools
operations), keeping the flow line connected
to the burner via the CM.
- Long length available (40ft, 60ft,
etc.)= less number of seals and risks of
rupture or leak.
- Coflexip hoses are heavy and the
use of a crane is mandatory to rig up it safely.
- To respect the MBR, a couple of
elbows, may be used both end of the
Coflexip hose.
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 RIGID PIPING

Rigid Piping with weco-union connections or

graylock for HP.
- straight piping, often 1m or 3m or 5m long
- elbows, often 90 degree

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