The Effect of Global Warming and Climate Changed on Emperor Penguins.

Emperor penguins may disappear by the end of this century (Supriya, 2017).

Penguins are animals that live depend on the sea ice. They nesting and giving birthing in

the ice caves; moving and finding the feed under the ice layer. Penguins are facing the

threat of extinction due to habitat and food depletion. Climate changed and global

warming have many negative effects on animals, especially Emperor penguins.

Penguins have special body composition that fit to live in low-temperature

environment Antarctic winters. Fat layer under the skin and waterproof coat allow them

to live, hunt and swim under thick layers of ice in the coldest places on earth (Facts and

Details, 2012). The global warming result in the ice is melting faster, penguins do not

have enough space to nest and hatch. The eggs that do not keep in good condition will not

hatch into the chicks. That is a serious problem because each Emperor penguin only lays

an egg. On Petrels Island, French, scientists founded just two surviving chic in the colony

of about 18,000 breeding penguin pairs. The remaining eggs can not hatch, some of them

hatched into the chic and die because of hunger (Slezak, 2017). A new study shows that

with the quickly melting of the sea ice, the number of Emperor penguins on Antarctic

will dropped by more than 50 percent at the end of this century (Carol, 2016). If weather

conditions do not change better, the serious result in Emperor penguins that everyone can

imagine.
 Emperor penguins are the largest and heaviest of the penguins living in Antarctica

and the amount of food they feed on daily is not small. The feed of penguins is krills,

squids, and fishs with krills and fishs mainly. The number of krill has dropped

significantly because of the water warmer (down 80 percent from 1970) due to ice in

Antarctica down 40 percent from 26 years ago (Act for Libraries, 2017). Reduction on

krill will affect population of fish and squid who also rely on krill to feed on, that means

finding food of penguins more difficult. With the body suitable for hunting underwater:

flat wings, flat flippers; land hunting is almost impossible for Emperor penguins.

Global warming and climate change have serious effect for animals, penguins are

one of the most threatened species. The rapid sea ice melting makes the penguin habitat

increasingly narrow and food scarcity has contributed to the Emperor penguins to the list

of endangered species.
Reference

Act For Libraries (2017). How Climate Change Affects Penguins. Retrieved from:

http://www.actforlibraries.org/how-climate-change-affects-penguins/

Facts and Details (2012). Penguins. Retrieved from:

http://factsanddetails.com/world/cat53/sub339/item2184.html

Osborne, H (2014, June 30th). Emperor Penguins 'Fully Deserving of Endangered Status Due to

Climate Change'. Ib Times. Retrieved from: http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/emperor-

penguins-fully-deserving-endangered-status-due-climate-change-1454728

Carol, M. (2016, July 4th). Climate change could reduce Adlie penguin populations. Tree

Hugger. Retrieved from: https://www.treehugger.com/climate-change/climate-change-

could-reduce-adelie-penguin-populations.html

Supriya, L. (2017, July 7th). Emperor penguins may disappear by the end of this century. Science

Mag. Retrieved from: http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/07/emperor-penguins-may-

disappear-end-century

Slezak, M. (2017, October 13th). Penguin disaster as only two chicks survive from colony of

40,000. The Guardian. Retrieved from:

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/oct/12/penguin-catastrophe-leads-to-

demands-for-protection-in-east-antarctica