Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cambios de los tiempos verbales en el Reported Specch. El verbo principal retrocede un tiempo
verbal: si en directo tenemos: "I live in Italy". She said. En reported speech: "She said that she lived
in Italy".
Present Past
-John: "I work in Argentina"//He said that he worked in Argentina
John: "Yo trabajo en Argentina"//El dijo que trabajaba en Argentina
-Kelly: "I don't like fish"//She said she didn't like fish
Kelly: "No me gusta el pescado"//Ella dijo que no le gustaba el pescado
-Joe: "I am doing my job"//He said that he was doing his job
Joe: "Estoy haciendo mi trabajo"//El dijo que estaba haciendo su trabajo
-Pam and Tim: "We are living in New York"//They said that they were living in New York
Pam y Tim: "Estamos viviendo en Nueva York"//Ellos dijeron que estaban viviendo en Nueva York
Past Past Perfect
-Dan: "We saw a good film on TV"//He said that they had seen a good film on TV
Dan: "Vimos una buena pelcula en la televisin"//El dijo que haban visto una buena pel en la tv
-Lou and Sarah: "We didn't read 'Hamlet'//"They said that they hadn't read 'Hamlet'
Lou y Sarah: "No lemos 'Hamlet'//"Ellos dijeron que no haban ledo 'Hamlet'
-Chuck: "I was dancing with Mary"//He said that he had been dancing with Mary
Chuck: "Estaba bailando con Mary"//El dijo que haba estado bailando con Mary
-Rick and Amy: "We weren't looking for Tom"//They said that they hadn't been looking for Tom
Rick y Amy: "No estbamos buscando a Tom"//Ellos dijeron que no haban estado buscando a Tom
Present Perfect Past Perfect
-Kim: "I have done this before"//She said that she had done that before
Kim: "He hecho esto antes"//Ella dijo que haba hecho eso antes
-Nick: "I haven't heard from Dean"//He said that he hadn't heard from Dean
Nick: "No he sabido nada de Dean"//El dijo que no haba sabido nada de Dean
-Chris: "I have been doing this for two years"//He said that he had been doing that for two years
Chris: "He estado haciendo esto por dos aos"//El dijo que haba estado haciendo eso por dos aos
-Kate: "I have been living here for 5 months"//-She said that she had been living there for 5 months
Kate: "He estado viviendo aqu por 5 meses"//Ella dijo que haba estado viviendo all por 5 meses
Future Conditional
-Tom: "I will visit my mother"//He said that he would visit his mother
Tom: "Visitar a mi madre"//el dijo que visitara a su madre
-Mark: "I won't listen to you"//He said that he wouldn't listen to me
Mark: "No te escuchar"//El dijo que no me escuchara
-Phil: "I will be flying to Spain"//He said that he would be flying to Spain
Phil: "Estar volando a Espaa"//El dijo que estara volando a Espaa
-Walt: "I will be staying at a good hotel"//He said that he would be staying at a good hotel
Walt: "Me estar hospedando en un buen hotel"//El dijo que se estara hospedando en un buen hotel
Future Perfect Conditional Perfect
-Jim: "I will have arrived there by 5 pm"//He said that he would have arrived there by 5 pm
Jim: "Para las 5 pm habr llegado all"//El dijo que habra llegado all para las 5 pm
-Bob: "I will have sent all the products by tomorrow"//He said that the would have sent all the products by
tomorrow
Bob: "Habr enviado todos los productos para maana"//El dijo que habra enviado todos los productos para
maana
-Sam: "I will have been selling books for two years"//He said that he would have been selling books for two
years
Sam: "Habr estado vendiendo libros por dos aos"//El dijo que habra estado vendiendo libros por dos aos
-Cindy: "He will have been sleeping for 13 hours"//She said that he would have been sleeping
for 13 hours
Cindy: "El habr estado durmiendo por 13 horas"//Ella dijo que l habra estado durmiendo por 13
horas
VERBOS MODALES
Al pasar del Direct Speech al Reported speech se producen cambios de verbos modales en la
oracin, por ejemplo: They -will- help you. Pasa a: She said that they -would- help me. Aqu hay
ms ejemplos para entender su funcionamiento.
ADVERBIOS
Los adverbios tanto de tiempo como espacio tambin se modifican al pasar a reported speech:
today/ yesterday, this week/ that week, here/ there. Aqu encontrars algunos ejemplos de su uso.
PREGUNTAS
En las preguntas pasamos de pregunta directa a indirecta. Where do they sell the tickets?, pasa a ser:
He asked where they sold the tickets. Aqu hay ms ejemplos con traducciones.
Pronombres acusativos me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
Adjetivos posesivos my, your, his her, its, our, your, their
REPORTING VERBS
VERB FORM EXAMPLE
1 explain verb+that clause The police officer explained that the burglar had
declare come in through the window
2 apologize verb+gerund Jack apologized for breaking the glass
(for)
3 invite verb+object+to+infinitive Sam invited Clara to have dinner with him
order
4 offer verb+to+infinite She offered to buy him a drink
ADVERBS OF MANNER
Utilizamos estos adverbios cuando queremos expresar la manera en que se realiza una accin. En
general se forman agregando "ly" al final del adjetivo.
La mayora terminan en 'ly' que equivale a la terminacin 'mente' n castellano. Generalmente
derivan de adjetivos
Adjetivo
Adverbio
slow- lento slowly- lentamente
easy- fcil easily- fcilmente
careful- cuidadoso carefully- cuidadosamente
simple- simple simply- simplemente
happy- feliz happily- felizmente
natural- natural naturally- naturalmente
Adjetivo
Adverbio
good- bueno well- bien
fast- rpido fast- rpidamente
hard- duro hard- duramente
Adverbio
Adverbio Opuesto
well- bien, adecuadamente badly- mal, de mala manera
better- mejor worse- peor
together- juntos separately- separadamente
carefully- cuidadosamente carelessly- descuidadamente
right- correctamente wrong- incorrectamente
VOCABULARY
-boot camp : campo de entrenamiento -arrest: detener
-burglar: ladrn, ladrona -burgle: robar
-burglary:robo(en una casa) -kidnap: secuestrar
-curfew: toque de queda -murder: asesinar
-judge: juez/jueza -rob: robar
-kidnapper: secuestrador, secuestradora -shoplift: robar(en una tienda)
-kidnapping: secuestro -steal: robar
-murder: asesinato -vandalize: causar destrozos
-murderer: asesino, asesina -break into: entrar a ( robar)
-punishment: castigo -end up: acabar
-robber : ladrn, ladrona -get away: escaparse
-robbery: robo -look into: investigar
-shoplifting: robo( en una tienda) -own up to: reconocer
-shoplifter: ladrn, ladrona ( en una tienda) -pay for: pagar por
-theft: robo
-thief: ladrn, ladrona
-vandal: vndalo,vndala
-vandalism: vandalismo