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You will see plenty of examples soon, but first let us see the rule:
u v dx = uv dx u' (v dx) dx
As a diagram:
u=x
v = cos(x)
x sin(x) sin(x) dx
x sin(x) + cos(x) + C
Choose u and v
Differentiate u: u'
Integrate v: v dx
Put u, u' and v dx into: uv dx u' (v dx) dx
Simplify and solve
u = ln(x)
v = 1/x2
Simplify:
u = ln(x)
v=1
Integrate v: 1 dx = x
Now put it together:
Simplify:
x ln(x) 1 dx = x ln(x) x + C
Example: What is ex x dx ?
Choose u and v:
u = ex
v=x
Differentiate u: (ex)' = ex
Integrate v: x dx = x2/2
Now put it together:
Well, that was a spectacular disaster! It just got more complicated.
Example: ex x dx (continued)
Choose u and v differently:
u=x
v = ex
Differentiate u: (x)' = 1
Integrate v: ex dx = ex
Now put it together:
Simplify:
x ex ex + C
ex(x1) + C
Choose a u that gets simpler when you differentiate it and a v that doesn't get
any more complicated when you integrate it.
Example: ex sin(x) dx
Choose u and v:
u = sin(x)
v = ex
Integrate v: ex dx = ex
Now put it together:
Choose u and v:
u = cos(x)
v = ex
Integrate v: ex dx = ex
Now put it together:
... so bring the right hand one over to the left and we get:
Simplify:
uv dx = uv dx u'(v dx) dx