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中国沿海海平面上升影响评价及适应对策

Impaction and Adaptation to Sea-level


Rise (SLR)in china Coastal Region

陈满春
Dr. Manchun Chen
cmc@mail.nmdis.gov.cn
国家海洋信息中心
National Marine Data and Information Service
(NMDIS/SOA)
April 6-7,2010,Beijing
内容提要
Outline
 全球及中国沿海海平面上升状况
The SLR of Global and China Coastal Region
 中国沿海海平面上升影响评价
The Impaction to SLR in China Coastal Region
 中国沿海海平面上升适应对策
The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal
Region
全球海平面上升状况
The Global SLR

IPCC,2007:在过去的100年间,全球气温上升了0.74±0.2℃,全球海平面上升了17cm。
IPCC,2007:In past century, the global temperature rise 0.74±0.2℃ and the sea-level
rise 17cm。
全球及中国沿海海平面上升状况
The Global SLR

近年来全球海平面上升趋势:平均速率 = 3.5 mm/a(1993-2007)


In recent years, the global sea-level rise at the speed
of 3.5 mm/a(1993-2007) by satellite data.
中国沿海海平面上升状况
The SLR of China Coastal Region

《2009年中国海平面公报》:近30年,中国沿海海平面总体呈波动上
升趋势,上升了90mm,平均上升速率为2.6mm/a。 2009年,中国沿海
海平面为近10年最高,比常年和2008年分别高68毫米和8毫米。

“Bulletin of the sea-level of China in 2009”:


In the recent 30 years, coastal sea level of China is as a
whole on the trend of fluctuant ascending, totally rose
90mm and the average rise speed rate is 2.6 mm/year. In
2009, coastal sea level of China was at the highest in the
recent 10 years as the whole, respectively 68mm and 8mm
higher than the multi-year average*and that in 2008.
中国沿海海平面上升状况
The SLR of China Coastal Region
400 Bohai Sea:2.3mm/a。
2008
2009
In 2009, the sea level at Feb. and
300
Sep. were respectively 128mm
海平面变化(毫米)

200 and 78mm higher than that in


100
2008.

0 常年 渤海:2.3mm/a。
-100 2009年,2月份和9月份海平
面分别比2008年同期偏高128
-200
毫米和78毫米。
-300
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 (月)

300
2008 East China Sea:2.9mm/a。
2009 In 2009, the sea level at Aug.
200
海平面变化(毫米)

Sep. and Oct. were respectively


100 95mm 75mm and 77mm higher
than that in 2008.
0 常年
东海:2.9mm/a。
-100
2009年,8~10月份海平面分
别比2008年同期偏高95毫米、
-200
75毫米和77毫米。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 (月)
中国沿海海平面上升状况
The SLR of China Coastal Region
120 113

100 93
海平面变化(毫米)

80 77
80 66 68
60 52 53
48 48
40 35

20

0 常年
辽宁 河北 天津 山东 江苏 上海 浙江 福建 广东 广西 海南

2009年,中国沿海海平面均高于常年。其中,海南升幅最大, 达113毫米;广
东次之,为93毫米;其他地区升幅介于43~84毫米之间。 与2008年相比,中
国沿海海平面变化具有明显区域特征,北部沿海海平面基本持平,南部沿海海平
面升幅明显。
In 2009, coastal sea level of the Provinces of China was higher than the multi-
year average . Among the provinces, sea level rise of Hainan was the largest,
exceeding 113mm, the next was Guangdong, exceeding 93mm, and the others
were between 43-84mm. Regional characteristics indicated that rise of the sea
level in the coastal areas of the South China was obviously higher than the North
China。
中国沿海海平面上升影响
The Impaction to SLR in China Coastal Region

风暴潮灾害
Storm Surge

2002年9月浙江沿岸遭
受“森拉克”风暴潮
袭击
最近10年中,我国由风暴潮造成的直接经济损失高达1200多亿
元,严重年份280多亿元,死亡总计竟达3738人,严重年份超
过1000人。广东沿海遭受强风暴潮影响的频率最近10年比以前
增加了1.5倍;而长江三角洲地区更是增加了2.5倍以上。

In recent 10 years,the direct economic losses of China by storm surges accounted to more than 120 billion yuan and
28 billion yuan at the most serious year. The died people were totally 3,778 and 1,000 at the most serious year. The
frequency of storm surges is 1.5 times than 10 year before at coastal region of Guangdong.
中国沿海海平面上升影响
The Impaction to SLR in China Coastal Region

风暴潮灾害
Storm Surge
9711特大风暴潮:
福建省至辽宁省沿海的潮位都超过当地的警戒潮位;
浙江的健跳和海门甚至出现了千年一遇的高潮位;上
海地区的潮位距其千年一遇工程设计标准仅差0.14m。 2004年浙江省象山县海水养殖场被淹没
这次风暴潮造成214人死亡,直接经济损失逾287亿元。

Storm Surge 9711: 2004年8月12日台州市海门港


The direct economic losses was 28.7 billion 货轮被“云娜”台风浪推上海堤
yuan and 214 died at 9711.The water level at
all coastal tide gauges from Liaoning to
Fujian Provence were exceeded the warning Sea-
level. The water level at Shanghai,Jiantiao
and Haimen were at the 1000-year-return-period
water level.
中国沿海海平面上升影响
The Impaction to SLR in China Coastal Region

海岸侵蚀灾害
Coastal Erosions
我国70%的沙质海岸已受到侵蚀,且随着海平面上升近年来侵蚀速度加快。
环渤海沿岸秦皇岛和滦河口海岸,目前以每年2~3米的速度后退;辽东湾东
岸岸线,年后退速度约15米左右;山东的龙口至烟台区域海岸侵蚀速度达
6.65米/年;海南省海口市新海乡1998年至2002年间,局部岸段侵蚀后退约80
米。
这些侵蚀造成了当地乡村迁移、海岸工程损毁、房屋坍塌、防护林带消
失等危害,严重影响了当地的社会稳定和生态环境。

The 70% Sandiness Coastline of China had been Eroded and the
erosion rate was speed up with the SLR. The coastline of
Qinghuangdao and Liaodong Bay were erased at the speed of
2~3m/a and 15m/a. The coastline from longkou to Yantai of
Shangdong Provence was erased exceeds 6.65m/a. From 1998 to
2002, the partly coastline of Haikou had erased 80m.
The coastal erosions aroused village withdraw,coastal
engineering destroyed,protect forest disappeared and other
disasters and made the local ecosystem even worse.
中国沿海海平面上升影响
The Impaction to SLR in China Coastal Region

海岸侵蚀灾害
Coastal Erosions
中国沿海海平面上升影响
The Impaction to SLR in China Coastal Region

土壤盐渍化灾害
Soil Salination
辽宁锦州
中国沿海海平面上升影响
The Impaction to SLR in China Coastal Region

近岸生态系统
Coastal ecosystem
海岸工程
Coastal engineering
海岸开发
Coastal development

1m 0.1
中国沿海海平面上升适应对策
The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal Region

中国海平面监测系统和信息采集系统
Observation and Data Collection System

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email
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中国沿海海平面上升适应对策
The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal Region

中国海平面监测系统和信息采集系统
Observation and Data Collection System
1.台站基准潮位核定
Benchmark checking
2.沿海海平面上升影响信息调查和采集
Data collection of impaction to SLR
3.警戒潮位核定
Warning sea-level setting up
中国沿海海平面上升适应对策
The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal Region

中国海平面监测系统和信息采集系统
Observation and Data Collection System
1.台站基准潮位核定
Benchmark checking
220
东方站原始海平面过程线
订正后东方站海平面过程线

200
平均海平面(cm)

180

闸坡支10号
160
(海鸥小学内)
140 基本水准点
旧验潮
基本水准点BM2 BM2 拟作基本点
井 ●
120 BM6
56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 ●
年份 石头点(原校核
基本水准点BM2 点)


● 校核水准点BM4

井外水

现用验潮

中国沿海海平面上升适应对策
The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal Region

中国海平面监测系统和信息采集系统
Observation and Data Collection System
2.沿海海平面上升影响信息调查和采集
Data collection of impaction to SLR
(1) 基础地理状况信息 geography info.
(2) 堤防状况信息 embankment info.
(3) 海洋工程信息 marine engineering
(4) 地面沉降信息 land subside info.
(5) 海岸侵蚀信息 coastal erosion info.
(6) 土壤盐渍化信息 soil salination info.
(7) 咸潮入侵信息 salted water invade info.
(8) 生态状况信息 ecosystem info.
(9) 灾害信息 disasters info.
(10)社会经济状况信息
society and economic info
中国沿海海平面上升适应对策
The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal Region

海平面预测系统
Sea-Level prediction System
1. 统计预报:单站
Statistical model ÊýÖµÔÙ·ÖÎö ¼Æ
Ëã ´ó³ß ¶È

2.数值预报:全球、局地 È«ÇòÆøºò Êýֵģʽ


È«Çòº£ ƽÃæģʽ

Numerical model for global and local


º£ ƽÃæ
×ÛºÏ Êý¾Ý
Ô´
ÖÐ³ß ¶È
º£ ƽ
ÃæÊýֵģʽ
·ÖÎö Ô¤²â

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1.µ¥Õ¾Í³ ¼Æ
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2.ÊýÖµÔ¤±¨ ģʽ
海平面数值预测系统
ECHAM5大气模式

耦合植被、陆面等过程

IPCC不同CO2情景浓度

MPI-OM海洋模式 IPCC不同CO2情景浓度下
的海洋强迫场

基于三角网格有限元海洋数值模式开发建立含有潮汐模块的全球海平面数值预测模型(OGCTM)
中国沿海海平面上升适应对策
The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal Region

海平面上升影响评价系统
The impact Assessment System to SLR
1.海平面上升影响评价标准
The Assessment Standard of Impaction to SLR
2.海平面上升影响评价指标体系
The index of assessment of impaction to SLR
3.海岸带地区DEM模型 海平面综合数据库
海平面上升影响
1.D EM 模型
2.评估指标体系
3.评估方法和模型

The DEM model in coastal Region 海平面上升分析预测


评价信息系统 4.风险等级区划
5.防护成本评估
……

4.海平面上升影响脆弱性区划
The vulnerability zoning of impact to SLR
灾害防治 社会经济 开发建设 自然环境

工 工 人

海 洪 盐 程 滩 岸 农 口
风 险
岸 水 设 涂 线 业 、
暴 度
侵 入 计 湿 变 生 城
潮 区
蚀 涝 侵 参 地 迁 产

划 总
数 …






中国沿海海平面上升适应对策
The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal Region

海平面上升影响评价系统
The impact Assessment System to SLR
中国沿海海平面上升适应对策
The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal Region

海平面上升影响评价系统
The impact Assessment System to SLR
中国沿海海平面上升适应对策
The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升影响评价报告
The impact Assessment System to SLR
中国沿海海平面上升适应对策
The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升影响评价报告
The impact Assessment System to SLR
1.中国海平面公报
Bulletin of the Sea-level of China in 2009

2.中国海平面月报
Monthly report of the Sea-level of China

3.中国沿海地区海平面上升影响评价报告
The Assessment Reports of Impact to SLR in China
Coastal Region
中国沿海海平面上升适应对策
The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升影响评价报告
The impact Assessment System to SLR
中国沿海海平面上升适应对策
The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal Region

中国沿海海平面上升影响评价报告
The impact Assessment System to SLR
中国海平面公报
1 概述 preface
2 中国海平面变化状况 The SLR of China
2.1全海域海平面变化状况 The SLR of China Sea
2.2 海区海平面变化状况 The SLR of China Seas
3 各省(自治区、直辖市)沿海海平面变化及影响状况
The SLR and Impact to SLR on China coastal Provinces
4 气候变化与海平面上升 Climate Change and SLR
5 海平面上升与海洋灾害 Marine Disasters and SLR
6 应对海平面上升适应对策 The Adaption Strategies for
SLR
中国沿海海平面上升适应对策
The Adaptation Actions to SLR in China Coastal Region
38.8

中国沿海海平面上升影响评价报告 38.6

38.4

The impact Assessment System to SLR 38.2

38.0

37.8

37.6

37.4 Dongying
Binzhou

37.2

37.0

36.8
117.8 118.2 118.6 119.0 119.4 119.8 120.2
33.5
40.0
Yancheng
38.0 33.0
36.0 黄 河
32.5
Taizhou
34.0 Yangzhou
Zhenjiang
32.0
32.0
长 江 Changzhou
Nantong

30.0 31.5
28.0 Suzhou
Shanghai
31.0
26.0 Huzhou

24.0 珠江 30.5
Jiaxing

22.0 Hangzhou
30.0 Shaoxing
20.0 Ningbo
110.0 114.0 118.0 122.0
29.5
119.0 119.5 120.0 120.5 121.0 121.5 122.0 122.5 123.0 123.5 124.0

23.4

23.2
Guangzhou
Huizhou
23.0 Foshan Dongguan

22.8

22.6
Shenzhen
Zhongshan
22.4

Zhuhai Xianggang
22.2
Aomen

22.0

21.8

21.6

112.6 112.8 113.0 113.2 113.4 113.6 113.8 114.0 114.2 114.4
谢 谢!
Thanks

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