CHALKS OUT OF SEA SHELLS

An Investigatory Report

ABSTRACT
The study on the production of chalk out of sea shells was designed to produce quality dustless
and long lasting chalk to compare with the standard existing commercialized chalks if there are
any, which was sold in the market. The chalk out of sea shells is for local or non-local used for
schools or any educational aspects or even at home which can be formed into different sizes and
colors according to your will. We, the researchers, used the sea shells to recycle and transformed
it into a useful product that will be used in our developing community. The production of this
artifact that has been created by us strictly followed the procedures. First, collect sea shells from
the sea shore. Then, boil it until it opens and being crushed into powder and becomes ready to be
processed and made to different figures. Thus, the production of the product was accomplished
and tested on its quality and strength. Data on the successful product were tested and was
finished accurately. Results showed that the said finished product, made from sea shells, is
comparable in terms of appearance and quality

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Having a successful investigatory project is really a great pleasure to us. It helps us improving a
certain project and identifying new discoveries from raw materials which can be seen abundantly
in our surroundings. So, we, the researchers would like to thank to the following persons who
help us
make this project successful. First, to our Almighty God who gave us the wisdom that
lead us to come up on this great idea and for the guidance that made our project fruitful.
Mrs. Irmina Calibo who helped us in the formulation of the study, and lastly, our parents
who continuously support us in our financial needs in doing our project.
Thank You very much

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENT PAGE
Abstract……………………………………………………. i
Acknowledgement…………………………………………. ii Table of
Contents………………………………………….. iii I.
Introduction……………………………………………….... 1 a.Background of the
Study………………………….... 1 b.Statement of the Problem…………………………... 2
c.Significance of the Study…………………………… 2 d.Scope and
Limitation……………………………….. 2 II. Review of Related
Literature………………………………...3 a. Conceptual Framework.......………………………… 3
b. Theoretical Framework……………………………... 4 c.
Hypothesis………………………………………….. 5 d.Definition of
Terms…………………………………. 5
III. Methodology………………………………………………... 6 e.Equipments or
Materials……………………………. 6 f. Procedure……………………………………………. 6 g.
Data-Gathering Instrument………………………….. 7 IV. Results and
Discussions……………………………………... 8 h.Data and
Findings……………………………………. 8 V. Summary, Conclusion and
Recommendation………………..9 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………… 11

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
More people used to collect seashells for fun and for past time. They made
decorations, jewelries and even accessories for a doll out of it. But don’t you know that
aside from those things, seashell can also made into a much useful thing.
We are aware that education is the most powerful key for us to succeed. And to
support this, we need some facilities and materials for us to make it easier and clearer. Of
course, we know that we already have some modernized equipments, but still, for those
hopeless countries and people who also want to be sent in school, even a worst facility
matters. We already have whiteboards that just need markers and projectors as the most
modernized. But still, the origin of those is just a simple blackboard and a piece of chalk.
So, we, the researchers, made some trials and errors from different raw materials to be
made into a more durable chalk. Until to that moment thatwe have agreed and succeed
in one of our trials, to make a chalk out of seashells.
B. Statement of the Problem
The price of almost all commercialized or local products continuously increasing.
And this is a big aspect to be considered in schooling.
Some of the schools don’t have enough support from government and this thing brings difficulties
for us students.
C. Significance of the Study This study opens another way for us people to be able to save and
make chalks
that is much durable with long-lasting use that will take part in our study. The study was
conducted as a remedy for the common problem of spending much in. And it also helps
us to gain money when you make this as your business affair. We can also make some
raw materials that we thought to be useless, transformed into a much useful and improved
thing.
D. Scope and Limitation This study is focused on designing and producing alternative chalks. It
also deals
with the assessment of its actual advantages as compared to somecommercialized one.
The qualities and quantities data obtained in the testing of the product against the
control were limited to 3 tests only

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
A seashell is the common name for a hard, protective outer layer, a shell, or in some cases a
"test", that was created by a sea creature, a marine organism. The shell is part of the body of a
marine animal, in most cases the exoskeleton, usually that of an animal without a backbone, an
invertebrate. The word seashell is often used to refer only to the shells of marine mollusks, i.e.
mollusk shells, but it can also be used to mean the shells of a wide variety of marine
animals from different phyla. For helpful introductory articles, see marine invertebrates
and marine biology.
Seashells are commonly found in beach drift, natural detritus deposited along
strandlines on beaches by the waves and the tides. Shells are very often washed up onto a
beach empty and clean, the animal having already died, and the soft parts having rotted
away or having been eaten by either predators or scavengers.
Empty seashells are often found by beachcombers, and collecting these shells is a harmless
hobby or study. However, the majority of seashells which are offered for sale
commercially have been collected alive (often in bulk) and then killed and cleaned,
specifically for the commercial trade. This type of exploitation can sometimes have a
strong negative impact on the distribution of rarer species, and on local ecosystems.
Many other kinds of sea animals have exoskeletons or shells which may, after
death, wash up on the beach and may be picked up by beachcombers; these include
remains from species in other invertebrate phyla, such as the moulted shells or exuviae of
crabs and lobsters, the shells of barnacles, horseshoe crab shells, sea urchin and sand
dollar tests, brachiopod shells, and the shells of marine annelid worms in the family
Serpulidae, which create calcareous tubes.
B. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Some people considered seashell as useless in terms of reasonable things. And
because of our research, this belief will now be changed to a bright side. For we, the
researchers will prove that seashells are not useless but are significant ones.

C. HYPOTHESES
1.)There is significance difference between our product, chalk from sea shells and the leading
commercial one.
2.)There is significance difference between experimental chalk from sea shells and commercial
one in terms of quality and durability.
D. DEFINITION OF TERMS
1.)Seashells – is a hard, rigid outer layer, which has evolved in a very wide variety of different
animals, including mollusks, sea urchins, crustaceans, turtles and tortoises, armadillos, etc.
Scientific names for this type of structure include exoskeleton, armour, test, carapace, and
peltidium
2.)Cassava – A shrubby tropical American plant (Manihot esculenta) widely grown for its large,
tuberous, starchy roots.
The root of this plant, eaten as a staple food in the tropics only after leaching and drying to
remove cyanide. Cassava starch is also the source of tapioca.

CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
A. Equipment and Materials
o Seashells
o Cassava
o Mortar and pestle
o Grater
o Oven toaster
o Bowl
o Cloth
B. Procedure
1.Collect sea shells from the sea shore or left-over shell viands, and cassava.
2.Pulverized the shells until it becomes fine as powder and set aside in a container.
3.Grate the cassava and squeeze its juice using cloth.Separate the liquid from its
residue.
4.Mix the residue of the extracted cassava and the pulverized seashells. Add a small amount of
water at the right ratio of the quantity of the mixture.
5.Mold the mixture into different shapes and sizes according to your desire.
6.Place it under the sun and wait until it dries up and is ready to be used.

C. Data-gathering Instrument
The physical characteristics of the chalk from sea shells was observed and compared to the
chalk that was commercially processed

CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
a.Data and Findings

Table1.Physical Characteristics of the Chalk made from seashells

Physical Characteristics Discription

Commercial Experimental
Hardness hard soft
Texture rough rough

Table 1 shows the Physical characteristics of the experimental and commercial chalk.
It shows that they have different characteristics in terms of hardness but are both rough in terms
of its texture.

CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The research was designed by crushing the seashells, which is the main source of
the product, and which it can be a useful and eco-friendly product and can contribute
excellently to our sobbing community. Through hard research, we, the researchers
studied the characteristics of the main source, which is seashell, and we analyzed that it
can be a great specimen in our investigatory project. We have done several experiments
which lead the researchers into a victorious ending in the said project.

Conclusion
On the experiment conducted to produce a fine product from seashell, we, the
researchers discovered the characteristics of the seashells which has specific properties
and structures. We discovered that it is on of the stepping stones of the success of the
product in which it is commercially comparable to any commercial products that are the
same with us, if there are any, in terms of quality and durability.

Recommendation
Through hard, decisive, several experiments, the researchers have conquered an amazing
product that has a good quality.
We highly recommend using our own original finished product, made from seashells, because
aside from its cheapness, it is also easier to produce, eco-friendly, recyclable and has the
potential to make our study easier and clearer.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. www.google.com.ph
2. www.dictionary.reference.com