Nail biting, also known as onychophagy or onychophagia (or even erroneously onchophagia),

is an oral compulsive habit. It is sometimes described as a parafunctional activity, the common

use of the mouth for an activity other than speaking, eating, or drinking.

Nail biting is very common, especially amongst children. Less innocent forms of nails biting are
considered an impulse control disorder in the DSM-IV-R and are classified under obsessive-
compulsive and related disorders in the DSM-5. The ICD-10 classifies the practice as "other
specified behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and
adolescence".[1] However, not all nail biting is pathological, and the difference between harmful
obsession and normal behavior is not always clear.[2]

A sneeze, or sternutation, is a semi-autonomous, convulsive expulsion of air from the lungs through the
nose and mouth, usually caused by foreign particles irritating the nasal mucosa. A sneeze expels air
forcibly from the mouth and nose in an explosive, spasmodic involuntary action resulting chiefly from
irritation of the nasal mucous membrane.[1] Sneezing is possibly linked to sudden exposure to bright
light, sudden change (fall) in temperature, breeze of cold air, a particularly full stomach, or viral A yawn
is a reflex consisting of the simultaneous inhalation of air and the stretching of the eardrums, followed
by an exhalation of breathinfection, and can lead to the spread of disease.
.

Yawning (oscitation) most often occurs in adults immediately before and after sleep, during
tedious activities and as a result of its contagious quality.[1] It is commonly associated with
tiredness, stress, sleepiness, or even boredom and hunger. In humans, yawning is often triggered
by others yawning (e.g. seeing a person yawning, talking to someone on the phone who is
yawning) and is a typical example of positive feedback.[2] This "contagious" yawning has also
been observed in chimpanzees, dogs, cats, birds, and reptiles, and can occur across species.[3][4]
Approximately 20 psychological reasons for yawning have been proposed by scholars, but there
is little agreement about its main functions.[1]