General Curriculum

Cell injury and Adaptation

Part I

ZHOU REN

Prof., M.D., Ph.D.

Institute of Pathology & Forensic Medicine

Department of Pathology & Patho-physiology
Zhenjiang University Judicial Evidence & Evaluation Center

Zhejiang University School of Medicine

Course of Basic Medical Sciences Chapter 1

Chapter 1. Cell injury and Adaptation

Part I
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Course of Basic Medical Sciences Chapter 1

(1). Adaptation

Def. Cells may alter their

metabolism, function or even
structure to escape injury caused
by their environmental changes.
The process of alteration is called
as adaptation
Course of Basic Medical Sciences Chapter 1

z Atrophy
z Hypertrophy
z Hyperplasia
z Metaplasia
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(1)Atrophy:

Def. Acquired shrinkage in size of an organ

caused by decrease in size of its constituent
cells.
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Poor nutrition
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loss of blood supply

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z Atrophy of brain
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Compressed atrophy
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Disuse atrophy

Decrease of endocrine stimulation

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Neurogenic atrophy
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(2)Hypertrophy:

Hypertrophy refers to an increase in the

size of an organ or tissue by increase in
the size of the constituent cells.
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Course of Basic Medical Sciences Chapter 1

(3)Hyperplasia:

Hyperplasia refers to an increase in the

number of cells in an organ or tissue.
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(4)Metaplasia:

Metaplasia is a reversible change in which

one adult cell type is replaced by another adult
cell type.

Squamous metaplasia of bronchia epithelium.

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Course of Basic Medical Sciences Chapter 1
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Intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa

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Course of Basic Medical Sciences Chapter 1

Intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa

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Course of Basic Medical Sciences Chapter 1

Key words in this chapter

z Atrophy
Poor nutrition
loss of blood supply
Compressed atrophy
Disuse atrophy
Decrease of endocrine stimulation
Neurogenic atrophy
z Hypertrophy
z Hyperplasia
z Metaplasia