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DocumentaOphthalmologica
March1995,Volume88,Issue34,pp307325

Cataractandlatitude
Abstract
Formanyyears,ithasbeensuggestedthatexposuretosunlight,particularlyitsultravioletcomponent,maybe
associatedwithanincreasedriskofsenilecataract.Thispaperadresses1)thephysicalandgeographicvariables
thataffecttheentryofultravioletlightintheeye2)theepidemiologicevidencethatassociatescataractwith
ultravioletlightexposureand3)theeffectivenessofpersonalbarrierprotection(i.e.sunglassesandhats)in
reducingocularexposuretoultravioletlight.TheepidemiologicevidenceisdrawnfromstudiesinAustralia,
China,Tibet,andtheUnitedStates.TheU.SevidenceconsistsofdatafromtheMarylandWatermenstudyand
analysesofcataractsurgeryundertheMedicareprogramwhichprovideshealthinsurancefornearlyall
Americansage65andover(30million)andpaysfor85%ofthe1.3millioncataractextractionsperformed
annuallyintheU.S.AnalysisoftheMedicarddatashownthat,aftercontrollingforage,sex,andrace,and
incomeofthepopulationandalsocontrollingforsupplyofophthalmologists,optometrists,priceofsurgeryand
localpracticecosts,thestrongestpredictorofcataractsurgerylikelihoodinaMedicarebenificiaryistheperson's
latitudeofresidence.LatitudecorrelatesdirectlywiththeUVBcontentofsunlight,becausetheincidentangleof
thesundeterminestheatmosphericpenetrationofultravioletradiation.Datasuggestthattheprobabilityof
cataractsurgeryintheU.S.increasesby3%foreach1degreedecrease(i.e.moreSoutherly)inlatitude.

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AboutthisArticle

Title
Cataractandlatitude
Journal
DocumentaOphthalmologica
Volume88,Issue34,pp307325

CoverDate
19950301
DOI
10.1007/BF01203684
PrintISSN
00124486
OnlineISSN
15732622
Publisher
KluwerAcademicPublishers
AdditionalLinks
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AboutThisJournal

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Topics

Ophthalmology

Keywords
Cataract

Latitude

Sunlight

Epidemiologicalanalysis

Ultraviolet

Riskfactors

IndustrySectors
Biotechnology

Health&Hospitals

Pharma

Authors
 JonathanC.Javitt(1)

HughR.Taylor(1)(2)

AuthorAffiliations

1.WorthenCenterforEyeCareResearch,GeorgetownUniversityCenterforSight,3800
ReservoirRoad,20007,Washington,DC,USA

2.DepartmentofOphthalmology,TheUniversityofMelbourne,EastMelbourne,Victoria,
Australia

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