wh07_te_ch34_s05_ca_s.
fm Page 656 Friday, October 14, 2005 12:32 PM
5 A logo of the National
Standards-Based
SECTION Instruction
Standards-at-a-Glance
History-Social Science
Students analyze the information,
technological, and communications
revolutions, with a focus on space
exploration, computer applications,
biotechnology, and medicine.
Analysis Skills
CS4 Students relate current events to the
physical and human characteristics of places
and regions.
English-Language Arts
Writing 2.4
Prepare to Read
Build Background Knowledge
Ask students to recall the discussion of
globalization in Section 2 of this chapter
and the many ways in which nations are
interdependent. Based on their previous
reading, ask students to suggest the role
that technology plays in globalization.
Set a Purpose
WITNESS HISTORY Read the selection
aloud or play the audio.
AUDIO Witness History Audio CD,
A Giant Leap for Mankind
Ask What did Neil Armstrong mean
by his statement? (that his physical
step symbolized the greater step that
human beings were making by begin-
ning an entirely new era of exploration)
Focus Point out the Section Focus
Question and write it on the board.
Tell students to refer to this question
as they read. (Answer appears with
Section 5 Assessment answers.)
Preview Have students preview the
Section Standards and the list of
Terms, People, and Places.
Have students read this
section using the Paragraph Shrinking
strategy (TE, p. T20). As they read,
have students fill in the chart
comparing the impacts of modern
science and technology.
Reading and Note Taking
Study Guide, p. 173
656 The World Today
wh07_se_ch34_s05_s.fm Page 656 Friday, July 22, 2005 11:33 AM
5
Aeronautic and Space
Administration (NASA)
WITNESS HISTORY AUDIO
A Giant Leap for Mankind
On July 20, 1969, American astronauts Neil
Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin landed on the moon
Neil Armstrong walks on after a four-day trip in the spacecraft Apollo 11.
the moon in 1969. The Stepping out onto the powdery surface,
space capsule that he Armstrongthe rst person ever to have walked
traveled in is reected
on the moonsaid, Thats one small step for
on his visor.
man, one giant leap for mankind. Those words
electried a nation and dened a new era of
world history.
Focus Question How have advances in science
and technology shaped the modern world?
Advances in Science and
Technology
People in the past half century have used various terms to
L3 Standards Preview
describe the age they live in, including the atomic age, the elec-
H-SS 10.11 Students analyze the integration of countries tronic age, and the automobile age. All of these labels have one
into the world economy and the information, technological,
and communications revolutions (e.g., television, satellites, thing in common: their connection to modern science and technol-
computers) ogy. Since 1945, scientific research and technological development
have had a transforming effect on human history. Startling new
inventions, the computer revolution, and advances in the life sci-
Terms, People, and Places ences have redefined the world we live inand the lives we lead.
articial satellite biotechnology
L3 International Space laser Exploring and Making Use of Space
Station (ISS) genetics By the second half of the twentieth century, there were few places
personal computer (PC) genetic engineering on Earth that people had not begun to explore. Space was seen as
Internet
the final frontieran unknown world filled with opportunity.
Within a few short decades, people had traveled to this frontier
Reading Skill: Compare Use the chart to and had used its resources to help develop practical applications
that transformed their lives.
compare the impacts of modern science and
technology.
The Space Race Begins Rockets are projectiles or vehicles pro-
pelled by the ejection of burning gasses from the rear of the rocket.
Important Science and Technology In the early twentieth century, pioneers in rocketry like the Amer-
ican physicist Robert Goddard probed the potential of liquid-
Space Science Computers fueled rockets. From the beginning, Goddard believed that a
rocket could carry people to the moon. At first people met his ideas
with disbelief. Increasingly, German scientists took interest in
Goddards work, prompting him to work with great secrecy.
Vocabulary Builder
Use the information below and the following resources to teach the high-use word from this section.
Teaching Resources, Unit 4, p. 87; Teaching Resources, Skills Handbook, p. 3
High-Use Word Definition and Sample Sentence
manipulation, p. 661 n. the skillful handling of something with the purpose of achieving a specific
result
Janas skillful manipulation of the puppets made them seem almost real.
wh07_te_ch34_s05_ca_s.fm
wh07_se_ch34_s05_s.fm Page July
Page 657 Friday, 65722,
Friday, October
2005 2:28 PM 21, 2005 2:05 PM

Nevertheless, during World War II German scientists, led by Wernher

von Braun, developed Germanys secret weapon, the V-2 rockets that Teach
flew across the English Channel to rain down on London.
During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union com-
peted with each other to build both rocket-propelled weapons and rock- Exploring and Making Use
etry for the purpose of space exploration. Von Braun, who moved to the WITNESS HISTORY VIDEO of Space H-SS 10.11 L3
United States after World War II, became a leader in the American mis- Watch The Space Race on the Witness History
siles and space program. In 1957, the space age began when the Soviet Discovery School video program to Instruct
Union launched into orbit Sputnik, the first artificial satellite, or man- experience the superpowers struggle to win the Introduce Show students The Space
made object that orbits a larger body. In 1969, the United States Apollo space race.
Race from the Witness History Dis-
program landed the first man on the moon. Both superpowers also
covery School video program. Dis-
explored the military uses of space and sent spy satellites to orbit Earth.
cuss the Cold War space race between
Since the end of the Cold War, the United States and Russia have cooper-
ated in joint space ventures.
the worlds two superpowers.
Teach Review the different ways
Space Science Develops In the decades since Sputnik and Apollo, nations have explored and used space.
rockets have been launched to other planets and beyond. Robotic space
Write the term space race on the board
vehicles have penetrated the mists of Venus and the rings of Saturn,
landed on Mars, and circled the moons of Jupiter. Rocket missions have
and ask students to define and describe
various goals. They can take scientific measurements, release permanent
it. Then discuss how interaction between
satellites or telescopes, and if they are manned, conduct medical or bio- nations about the use of space has
logical experiments. They can also provide information about the compo- changed since the end of the Cold War.
sition and formation of the universe itself. Quick Activity Have students read
Increasingly, nations have worked together to explore space. For the Travelers Tales feature on this
example, Russia, the United States, Canada, Japan, and several coun- page and paraphrase Astronaut Will-
tries in Europe are developing the International Space Station (ISS). iam Anders statement to a partner and
answer the questions. Then extend
their understanding of the feature by
asking them to read the selection The
First Earthrise and complete the
worksheet.
Teaching Resources, Unit 4, p. 93
An Astronaut Views Earth From Space
Major General William Anders (Air Force, Ret.) was an American Independent Practice
astronaut who participated in the United States Apollo moon-
landing project. In 1968, Anders piloted the Apollo 8 spacecraft into Have students read the red heading
orbit around the moon. Although the Apollo 8 astronauts did not land Exploring and Making Use of Space. Ask
on the moon, they were the first to journey to it. In the excerpt below them to create a bulleted list of the ways
from a 1994 interview, he describes what it was like to be among the that people have explored and used space.
first humans ever to see Earth from space. Urge them to read for new ways that they
can add to their list. Use the Think-
IthefindEarth
it somewhat ironic that we went up there for the moon, but probably it was
and the perspective of it that impressed hard-bitten test pilots like us
Write-Pair-Share strategy (TE, p. T23)
and have students compare their lists.
and I guess the rest of the worldthe most. You realize that the Earth is about as
physically significant as one grain of sand on a beach. But it's our only home. Monitor Progress
It's funny, but the one thing we had not planned on or even thought about was
As students fill in their charts, circulate
photographing the Earth from lunar orbit. And so when we were in the position Thinking Critically to make sure students have accurately
1. Analyze Information Why did listed impacts of modern science and
where we could actually see the first Earthrise, it caught us all by surprise, and
Anders think seeing Earth was the technology. For a completed version of the
there was a mad scramble for the cameras to take pictures of that historic event. biggest surprise of the mission?
chart, see
William Anders, 2. Identify Central Issues What does
from Remembering Apollo, Anders feel was the main result of the Note Taking Transparencies, 130
Discover magazine, July 1994 Apollo 8 mission?

Solutions for All Learners

L1 Special Needs L2 Less Proficient Readers L2 English Language Learners

To help students see how scientific and technological Use the following resources to help students acquire
advances build on previous advances, have them cre- basic skills.
Answers
ate an annotated timeline featuring the following Adapted Reading and Note Taking Thinking Critically
events: (1) launch of Sputnik; (2) development of Study Guide 1. He had not appreciated the Earths insignificant
International Space Station; (3) first electronic com- size nor its precious value to humankind.
Adapted Note Taking Study Guide, p. 173
puters; (4) personal computers available; (5) Internet 2. feeling a sense of awe about the Earth and its
Adapted Section Summary, p. 174
well-established. Have students explain how events place in our lives and in the universe
on the timeline are related.
Chapter 19 Section 5 657
wh07_te_ch34_s05_ca_s.fm Page 658 Friday, October 14, 2005 12:35 PM
wh07_se_ch34_s05_s.fm Page 658 Tuesday, July 26, 2005 12:37 PM

The Computer Revolution
H-SS 10.11
Instruct
Introduce Recall with students the
revolutions about which they have
read, including the Scientific Revolu-
tion and the Industrial Revolution. Dis-
cuss the characteristics of a revolution.
Ask students what the term computer
revolution could mean. What does the
term suggest about the impact of com-
puters on modern life?
Teach Trace the changes that have
occurred since computers were
invented. Ask How have computers
evolved? (They have become faster,
smaller, and widely available for indi-
viduals and businesses.) How does
the Internet play a role in modern
life? (It allows people to communicate
instantly; it allows information to be
shared around the world.)
Quick Activity Display Color Trans-
parency 119: Communications
Technology, Selected Countries.
Use the lesson suggested in the trans-
parency book to guide a discussion
on how advances in communications
technology are shaping the global
community.
Color Transparencies, p. 119
Construction on the ISS began in 1998. When it is completed in 2010, it
will serve as a space laboratory, allowing scientists from many different
L3 countries to observe space, conduct research, and develop new space-
related technologies.
The Impact of Artificial Satellites The thousands of artificial satel-
lites that orbit Earth have a number of very specific applications. These
applications can be divided into three groupscommunications, observa-
tion, and navigation. Communications satellites relay information that is
used in advanced communications, including television, telephone, and
high-speed data transmission. Observation satellites observe Earth, pro-
viding data to scientists, weather forecasters, and military planners.
Navigation satellites beam precise locations to ship captains and others
who need to navigate Earths surface.
By 2000, artificial satellites had revolutionized global communica-
tions. Maintaining stationary orbits over specific points on Earths sur-
face, artificial satellites can transmit phone messages or television
pictures anywhere on Earth. Linked to cell phones or computers, they
allow people separated by thousands of miles to communicate instantly.
Standards Check What is the International Space Station
and what is its signicance? H-SS 10.11
The Computer Revolution
The invention of the computer in the twentieth century caused an
unprecedented information revolution. Very few aspects of modern life
remain untouched by computers. Computers run businesses and power
plants, help scientists conduct advanced research, and when connected
to satellites, make global communications possible. The development of
computer technology has given rise to the term Information Age.
INFOGRAPHIC

Developing Nuclear Energy

During World War II, the United States was determined to create an
atomic bomb that could be used against the Axis Powers. Scientists
including Albert Einstein, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Enrico Fermi, and Edward
Teller participated in the Manhattan Project, as it was called. The project
achieved success in 1945 with the explosion
of a test bomb in New Mexico.

Einstein and
Oppenheimer
in 1947

Answer
It is a multinational project to build a space
station for international research.
Link to Geography
Technology and Modern Life Advances in
technology have changed both where and how people
today live. The growth of car ownership and major
highways has provided better access to rural areas. Air
conditioning has made life in hot climates more bear-
able. Improved water infrastructures have made farm-
ing much easier in dry climates, and dams have
produced valuable hydroelectric power to surrounding
regions. For example, the Hoover Dam, located along
the Colorado River on the Arizona-Nevada border and
the Aswan Dam on the Nile, provide not only flood
control, but also irrigation for surrounding areas and
over thousands of megawatts of hydroelectric power.
Technological advances have allowed people to flour-
ish and industry to boom even in lands facing chal-
lenging climates.

658 The World Today

wh07_te_ch34_s05_ca_s.fm
wh07_se_ch34_s05_s.fm Page 659
Page 659 Tuesday, July Friday,
26, 2005 October
12:48 PM 14, 2005 12:35 PM

Early Computers A computer is a device for making mathematical cal- Independent Practice
culations and for storing, processing, and rapidly manipulating data.
Computers have made it possible to preserve vast amounts of data. And Have students read the Infographic
when linked up in a vast network, they have brought written communi- Twentieth Century Scientific Milestones.
cation over enormous distances instantaneously. Ask students to explain which of the
The first electronic computers, built in the 1940s, were huge, slow inventions mentioned affect their lives
machines. Later, thanks to inventions like the silicon chip, the computer and how. Then have students, working in
was reduced in size. Personal computers, or PCs, became widely avail- small groups, rank which inventions they
able in the 1970s for individual users, both at work and at home. By think are the most important and why.
inserting basic programs into the machine, the user could perform com- Ask them to identify ethical or political
plex and difficult tasks quickly and easily. issues that may relate to these technolo-
Over the next few decades, PCs replaced typewriters and account books gies, such as genetic engineering and the
in homes and businesses worldwide. At the same time, computer technol- safe storage of nuclear wastes. Then take
ogy spread into many different fields. Computerized robots operate in fac- a class vote on the most important inven-
tories. Computers remotely control satellites and probes in space and tion and discuss the result.
students use them in school classrooms. And computers increasingly aid
scientists and architects in developing models to predict disasters, under-
stand environmental changes, and plan urban development.
Monitor Progress
Have students write a brief paragraph
The Internet In the 1970s, various branches of the U.S. government explaining why the development and spread
along with groups in several American universities led efforts to link
of computers is seen as a revolution.
computer systems together via cables and satellites. By the 1990s, the
Internet or World Wide Web was well established, again revolutioniz-
ing information technology. Using the Internet, a person can instantly
communicate with other users around the world. The same person can
also instantly access vast storehouses of information of all sorts.
By 2000, the Internet had grown to a gigantic network, linking individ-
uals, governments, and businesses around the world. E-commerce, or
buying and selling on the Internet, contributed to economic growth.
The Internet also began to shape life in developing nations.

Breakthroughs
in Medicine
Twentieth-century discoveries in
medicine had a major impact on people
around the world. For example, in 1952
researcher Jonas Salk (left) developed a
vaccine for polio. Polio is a virus that
spreads rapidly among people, especially
children, causing paralysis. Before Salks
discovery, around 20,000 people in the
United States contracted polio each year.
Because of Salks vaccine, the disease is
extremely rare in the world today.
the polio virus
DNA
sequencer
Expanding the
Science of Genetics
The study of genes was not new to
the twentieth century. The work of
James Watson and Francis Crick,
(right) however, dramatically trans-
formed the science of genetics. In 1953, Thinking Critically
the two men discovered the basic structure 1. Draw Inferences Why did Albert
of DNAthe material in the chromosomes Einstein later regret his work on the
of all cells that determines how every Manhattan Project?
organism functions. This discovery revolu- 2. Cause and Effect How did the
tionized the study of heredity and paved discovery of DNA affect the eld of
the way for genetic engineering. genetics? H-SS 10.11 AUDIO

Link to Technology
The Internet Brings Change When the Internet
was first invented, pundits announced that it would
change the way we live. In the United States, the
Internet has changed peoples ways of getting infor-
mation and news, ways of shopping, and even ways
of meeting socially. In many foreign countries, com-
puters and the Internet have also brought significant
change. For instance, in Peru, farmers have been able
to increase their profits by selling their products
onlinesome farmers report earning five times their
former profit. In Africa, the Internet has helped farm-
ers prepare for droughts and fend off potential fam-
ine. In China, Internet outrage after a prisoner died in
police custody led the government to change laws on
how it detains prisoners.
Answers
Thinking Critically
1. because it produced a nuclear bomb that threat-
ened the world with enormous damage
2. It paved the way for genetic engineering, or the
rearrangement of genetic material.

Chapter 19 Section 5 659

wh07_te_ch34_s05_ca_s.fm Page 660 Friday, October 14, 2005 12:35 PM
wh07_se_ch34_s05_s.fm Page 660 Tuesday, July 26, 2005 12:36 PM

Advances in Medicine and

Biotechnology H-SS 10.11 L3
Instruct
Introduce: Key Terms Ask students
to notice the key term biotechnology
in the red heading. What do they think
biotechnology is? Clarify that bio
means life. Discuss other types of
technology that students have read
about. Ask students to suggest ways
that technology could affect life. Have
them read to find out whether their
ideas on biotechnology are accurate.
Teach Write the categories medicine
and biotechnology on the board. Dis-
cuss the different breakthroughs
described in the text, and ask students
to define and describe each. List the
breakthroughs under the appropriate
category.
Quick Activity Have students read
the feature A Global Food Evolves on
this page. Discuss the various stages in
the development of modern corn and
the importance of corn as a food and
energy source today. Then help stu-
dents develop a statement that frames
a debate about genetic engineering,
such as Genetic engineering is the solu-
tion to world hunger. If time allows,
allow students to conduct full-scale
debates based on their statement.
Independent Practice
Have students choose one of the break-
throughs they listed during the Teach
activity and explain its significance to a
classmate.
Monitor Progress
Check Reading and Note Taking Study
Guide entries to make sure students have
accurately listed different impacts of sci-
ence and technology.
W hat we now know as corn originally grew as a wild grass in the
Americas. Thousands of years ago, ancient peoples began experiment-
ing with this grass, carefully selecting good seeds and nurturing plants.
About 7,000 years ago, Native Americans near present-day Mexico City
developed small ears of corn, calling them maize. Indians throughout
the Americas, and then European settlers, constantly experimented
with corn to produce bigger and better ears.
The experimentation still continues today.
Eventually, Native Americans produced maize, a
plant with ears of plump, soft kernels like todays
corn. Maize became a staple crop for many Native
American groups. They also developed multi-colored
ears of corn, like those above, using them for food
and in religious activities.
Ancient wild corn was called teosinte (tee oh SIN tee). Teosinte
kernels, hard and nut-like, grew on thick grassy stalks. Over thousands
of years Native Americans domesticated teosinte, carefully preserving
the seeds of the plants that produced the best ears.
At the beginning of the twenty-first century, about 6 percent of the worlds
population can access the Internet. By 2010, it is estimated that about
50 percent of the worlds population will have access to the Internet
connecting them to a new world of ideas and information.
Standards Check What impact have personal computers had on
A biotechnology worker cuts into peoples lives? H-SS 10.11
an ear of corn to extract a section
of DNA, or genetic material, that
will be used to improve the next Advances in Medicine and Biotechnology
corn crop. By selecting only specific
DNA, scientists can transfer only Science and technology have revolutionized our understanding and our
the genes that will result in control of both human life and other forms of life on this planet. Develop-
desirable crop traits, such as ments in medicine and biotechnologythe application of biological
hardiness or resistance to insects. research to industry, engineering and technologyhave resulted in new
ways to combat and prevent disease.
Breakthroughs Transform Medicine In the postwar era, pioneers in
the life sciences such as Dr. Jonas Salk became household names. Before
the Salk vaccine, the paralyzing disease polio had crippled thousands of
children and adultsincluding President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Other
medical researchers developed vaccines to help prevent the spread of
smallpox and other diseases.
Breakthroughs in surgery also transformed the field of medicine. In
the 1970s, surgeons learned to transplant organs, including the human
heart, to save lives. Lasers made many types of surgery safer and more
precise. Lasers are high-energy light beams that surgeons use to cut or
repair tissues and organs. Scientists also had success in treating some
cancers, a disease that affects the global population. In recent decades,
computers and other technologies have become partners with doctors in
diagnosing and treating disease. They have also made it easier for people
to share information, thus making diseases easier to treat.

Answer
Personal computers enable people to access
information, create and revise documents, and
perform complex and elaborate tasks for work
and personal use rapidly and easily.
History Background
The Growth of the Sun Belt The development
of advanced electronic and communications technolo-
gies since 1950 has been closely tied to suburbaniza-
tion and the growth of the Sunbelt in the United
States. Many technological industries built research
and manufacturing facilities in suburbs or in the grow-
ing metropolitan areas of the Sunbelt. This has partic-
ularly affected states such as North Carolina, Texas,
Arizona, and California. States in the Sun Belt
roughly the region in the United States south of the
37th degree of latitudealso offer people a more
moderate climate than northern regions. The Sun Belt
states have also benefited from the construction of
the interstate highway system and an abundance of
land for development. As a consequence, their popu-
lation has grown faster than most other U.S. states.

660 The World Today

wh07_te_ch34_s05_ca_s.fm
wh07_se_ch34_s05_s.fm Page July
Page 661 Friday, 66122,
Friday, October
2005 11:33 AM 14, 2005 12:35 PM

Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering In the past couple of

decades, the field of biotechnology has exploded. Biotechnology compa- Assess and Reteach
nies make products including vaccinations, medicines, and industrial
bacteria that can be used to treat waste or clean up toxic spills. Assess Progress L3
Biotechnology is closely related to the fields of genetics and genetic
Have students complete the
engineering, which have also made dramatic advances in recent years.
Section Assessment.
Genetics is the study of genes and heredity, while genetic engineering Vocabulary Builder
is the manipulation of genetic material to produce specific results. Beginning manipulation(muh nip yoo LAY shun) Administer the Section Quiz.
in the 1950s genetic researchers, spearheaded by Rosalind Franklin, n. the skillful handling of something
with the purpose of achieving a specific Teaching Resources, Unit 4, p. 86
J. D. Watson, and F.H.C. Crick, examined the chemical code carried by
result
all living things. Their research established the central role of DNA To further assess student under-
deoxyribonucleic acidin the chromosomes that determine human hered- standing use
ity. Their work revealed the double helix, spiral-shaped DNA that carries Progress Monitoring Transparencies, 82
hereditary traits from parents to children.
Ongoing genetic research has produced new drug therapies to fight
human diseases. Research has also created new strains of fruits and veg-
Reteach
etables that are intended to resist disease or thrive in conditions that If students need more instruction, have
usually inhibit growth. Genetic cloning, or the process of creating identi- them read the section summary.
cal organisms from the cell of a host organism, has many practical appli- Reading and Note Taking L3
cations in raising livestock and in biological research. Study Guide, p. 174
Biotechnology and genetic engineering have brought benefits, but also
debate. Some people believe that genetically modified foods are unnatu- Adapted Reading and L1 L2
ral and potentially dangerous. The possibility of cloning genetically iden- Note Taking Study Guide, p. 174
tical mammalsincluding human beingshas also raised ethical
questions about the role of science in creating and changing life.
Spanish Reading and L2
Standards of Living Rise As you have read, science and technology Note Taking Study Guide, p. 174
have often had a direct and powerful impact on human life. Advances in
diagnosing and treating disease and increased agricultural output have Extend L4
raised life expectancies worldwide, as well as standards of living. Yet
Display Color Transparency 115:
great challenges still remain, from overpopulation to disasters to corrupt
Humans and the Environment. Ask
governments. In the decades ahead, people will continue to look for ways
students to summarize this political
to solve global problems, using whatever tools they have.
cartoons main idea and relate it to the
Standards Check How have scientic advances affected peoples section content, or use the lesson sugges-
standard of living? H-SS 10.11 ted in the transparency book to guide a
discussion.

5
Terms, People, and Places
1. What do each of the key terms listed at
the beginning of the section have in
common? Explain.
2. Reading Skill: Compare Use your
completed chart to answer the Focus
Question: How have advances in
science and technology shaped the
modern world?
Comprehension and Critical Thinking
3. Synthesize Information Considering
the history of the Cold War, explain why
the United States and Russia competed
against each other to achieve domi-
nance in the space race.
4. Recognize Cause and Effect What
impact has the computer revolution had
on globalization?
5. Express Problems Clearly Biotech-
nology has provided many benets, but
many people worry about its long-term
effects. Explain why this is so.
Color Transparencies, 115
Standards Monitoring Online
For: Self-quiz with vocabulary practice
Web Code: mza-3451
Answer
Writing About History
Quick Write: Write a Conclusion Write a
by increasing agricultural output and reducing
conclusion that restates your thesis, sums the impact of disease
up the supporting details, and leaves read-
ers with a nal impression. This nal impres-
sion can be a memorable statement or even
a call to action. As you write a conclusion Assessment
Standard
about science and technology in the modern
world, consider what basic impression you H-SS 10.9.1 3
want the reader to remember about the H-SS 10.11 2, 4, 5
topic, even if he or she takes nothing else E-LA W 2.4 Quick Write
away from the essay.

Section 5 Assessment political system. In addition, domination Writing About History

1. Sentences should reflect an understanding
of each term, person, or place listed at the
beginning of the section.
2. Science and technology have increased life
expectancies, improved standards of liv-
ing, enhanced communications and navi-
gation, and facilitated space exploration.
3. Each nation felt that winning the space
race would show the superiority of its
in space could play a role in the arms race.
4. It has brought nations into closer contact
and allowed individuals access to global
information and the ability to communi-
cate and trade globally.
5. Some people fear that biotechnology will
change food in unsafe ways and could give
people dangerous power to create or
change life.
Conclusions should refer back to a specific
thesis statement and summarize data that
supports that statement. In addition,
responses should end by asking readers to
consider an idea or take an action.
For additional assessment, have students
access Standards Monitoring Online at
Web Code mza-3451.

Chapter 19 Section 5 661