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The Impeachment Process
Section 1, Article XI of the 1987 Constitution
declares that Public office is a public trust. Public
officers and employees must at all times be
accountable to the people, serve them with utmost
responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency, act
with patriotism and justice, and lead modest
lives. These words echo loud and clear today as our
countrys leaders find themselves at the brink of
conducting this constitutional process.
Impeachment has been defined as a national
inquest into the conduct of public men. It is a
necessary safeguard to ensure that public officers
have the moral fitness and integrity to fulfill their
mandate. The provisions on impeachment are
enshrined in Article XI of the 1987 Constitution.
WHO MAY BE IMPEACHED
Under the Constitution only the following public
officers may be impeached:
The President,
Vice-President,
Members of the Supreme Court, the
Members of the Constitutional
Commissions, and
Ombudsman.
This list of officers is exclusive. All other public
officers and employees may be removed from office
as provided by law, but not by impeachment.
GROUNDS FOR IMPEACHMENT
The grounds for impeachment are:
culpable violation of the Constitution,
treason,
bribery,
graft and corruption,
other high crimes, or
betrayal of public trust.
These grounds are exclusive and offenses not
falling within these parameters shall not be
sufficient for impeachment purposes.
PROCESS AT THE HOUSE
The process begins at the House of
Representatives, which has the exclusive power
to initiate all cases of impeachment.
A verified complaint must be filed by either a
Member of the House of Representatives or by
any citizen upon a resolution of endorsement
by any Member thereof.
Once the verified complaint has been filed it
shall be included in the Order of Business
within ten session days, and referred to the
proper Committee within three session days
thereafter.
The Committee, after hearing, and by a
majority vote of all its Members, shall submit
its report to the House within sixty session
days from such referral, together with the
corresponding resolution.
The resolution shall be calendared for
consideration by the House within ten session
days from receipt thereof.
In the committee hearings, a vote of at least
one-third of all the Members of the House
shall be necessary either to affirm a favorable
resolution with the Articles of Impeachment
of the Committee, or override its contrary
resolution. The vote of each Member shall be
recorded.
If however, the verified complaint or
resolution of impeachment is filed by at least
one-third of all the Members of the House,
the same shall constitute the Articles of
Impeachment, and trial by the Senate shall
forthwith proceed.
TRIAL AT THE SENATE
The Senate has the sole power of sole power to try
and decide all cases of impeachment. When sitting
for that purpose, the Senators shall be on oath or
affirmation. When the President of the Philippines is
on trial, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall
preside, but shall not vote.
No person shall be convicted without the
concurrence of two-thirds of all the Members of the
Senate.
CONSEQUENCES OF CONVICTION
The person impeached shall be
removed from office and
shall be disqualified to hold any office under the
Republic of the Philippines,
but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable
and subject to prosecution, trial, and punishment
according to law.
It is clear that the liability does not end at the
Senate, the person impeached shall also be held for
appropriate action as a result of his illegal and
improper acts.
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In addition, a limitation is set where no on such time and date as the Senate may
impeachment proceedings shall be initiated against specify.
the same official more than once within a period of II. Upon such articles being presented to the
one year. Senate, the Senate shall, at 2 o'clock in the
afternoon of the day (except Saturday and
Sunday) following such presentation, or
sooner if ordered by the Senate, proceed to
the consideration of such articles. It shall
continue in session from day to day (except
Saturday and Sunday) after the trial shall
commence (unless otherwise ordered by the
Senate) until final judgment shall be rendered,
and so much longer as may, in its judgment, be
needful. Before proceeding to the
consideration of the articles of impeachment,
the Presiding Officer shall administer the oath
hereinafter provided to the Members of the
Senate then present and to the other
Members of the Senate as they shall appear,
whose duty it shall be to take the same.
III. When the President of the Philippines
shall be impeached, the Chief Justice of
the Supreme Court shall preside,
otherwise the Senate President shall
preside in all other cases of
impeachment. In a case requiring the
said Chief Justice to preside, notice shall
be given to him by the Senate President
of the time and place fixed for the
consideration of the articles of
impeachment, as aforesaid, with a
request to attend; and the said Chief
Justice shall be administered and oath by
the Senate President and shall preside
over the Senate during the consideration
of said articles and upon the trial of the
person impeached therein.
IV. The Presiding Officer shall have the
RULES OF PROCEDURE ON IMPEACHMENT
power to make and issue, by himself or
TRIALS IN THE SENATE OF THE
by the Secretary of the Senate, all
PHILIPPINES
orders, mandates, and writs authorized
I. When the Senate receives articles of by these rules or by the Senate, and to
impeachment against any person, the Senate make and enforce such other regulations
President shall inform the House of and orders in the premises as the Senate
Representatives that the Senate shall take may authorize or provide.
proper order on the subject of impeachment V. The Senate shall have power to compel
and shall be ready to receive the prosecutors the attendance of witnesses, to enforce
obedience to its orders, mandates, writs,

and judgments, to preserve order, and to
punish in a summary way contempts of,
and disobedience to, its authority,
orders, mandates, writs, or judgments,
and to make all lawful orders, rules, and
regulations which it may deem essential
or conducive to the ends of justice. And
the Sergeant at Arms, under the
direction of the Senate, may employ such
aid and assistance as may be necessary
to enforce, execute, and carry into effect
the lawful orders, mandates, and writs of
the Senate.
VI. The Senate President shall direct all
necessary preparations in the Senate
Chamber, and the Presiding Officer on
the trial shall direct all the forms of
proceedings while the Senate is sitting
for the purpose of trying an
impeachment. The presiding officer
_____________________ shall direct all
forms during the trial not otherwise
specially provided for under these
rules.
The President of the Senate or the Chief
Justice when presiding on the trial may rule on
all questions of evidence including, but not
limited to, questions of materiality, relevancy,
competency or admissibility of evidence and
incidental questions, which ruling shall stand
as the judgment of the Senate, unless a
Member of the Senate shall ask that a formal
vote be taken thereon, in which case it shall be
submitted to the Senate for decision after one
contrary view is expressed; or the Presiding
Officer may at his/her option, in the first
instance, submit any such question to a vote of
the Members of the Senate. The motion for a
vote and the contrary opinion shall not take
more than two (2) minutes each, with a one
minute rebuttal allowed for the proponent of
the motion. Upon all such questions the vote
shall be taken in accordance with the Standing
Rules of the Senate. The Rules of Court shall
apply insofar as they are applicable. Rules of
evidenceand procedures shall be liberally
construed.
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VII. Upon the presentation of articles of
impeachment and the organization of the
Senate as hereinbefore provided, a writ of
summons shall issue to the person impeached,
reciting or incorporating said articles, and
notifying him to appear before the Senate
upon a day and at a place to be fixed by the
Senate and named in such writ, and file his
answer to said articles of impeachment.
Within an unattendable period of ten days
from receipt thereof, and to stand to and
abide by the orders and judgments of the
Senate thereon; which writ shall be served by
such officer or person as shall be named in the
order thereof, such number of days prior to
the day fixed for such appearance as shall be
named in such order either by the delivery of
an attested copy thereof to the person
impeached, or if that cannot conveniently be
done, by leaving such copy at the last known
place of abode of such person, or at his usual
place of business in some conspicuous place
therein; or if such service shall be, in the
judgment of the Senate, impracticable, notice
to the person impeached to appear shall be
given in such other manner, by publication or
otherwise, as shall be deemed just; and if the
writ aforesaid shall fail of service in the
manner aforesaid, the proceedings shall not
thereby abate, but further service may be
made in such manner as the Senate shall
direct. If the person impeached, after service,
shall fail to appear, either in person or by
attorney, on the day so fixed thereof as
aforesaid, or, appearing, shall fail to file his
answer to such articles of impeachment, the
trial shall proceed, nevertheless, as upon a
plea of not guilty. If a plea of guilty shall be
entered, judgment may be entered thereon
without further proceedings.
VIII. At 3 o'clock in the afternoon of the day
appointed for the return of the summons
against the person impeached, the legislative
business of the Senate shall be suspended, and
the Secretary of the Senate shall administer an
oath to the returning officer in the form
following: "I, __________________, do
solemnly swear that the return made by me
upon the process issued on the ____ day of
______________, by the Senate of the
Philippines, against __________________ is
truly made, and that I have performed such

service as therein described: So help me
God." Which oath shall be entered at large on
the records.
IX. The person impeached shall then be called to
appear and answer the articles of
impeachment against him. If he appears, or
any person for him, the appearance shall be
recorded, stating particularly if by himself, or
by agent or attorney, naming the person
appearing and the capacity in which he
appears. If he does not appear, either
personally or by agent or attorney, the same
shall be recorded.
X. At 2 o'clock in the afternoon, or at such other
hour as the Senate may order, of the day
appointed for the trial of an impeachment, the
legislative business of the Senate shall be
suspended, and the Secretary shall give notice
to the House of Representatives that the
Senate is ready to proceed upon the
impeachment of _______________, in the
Senate Chamber.
XI. The hour of the day at which the Senate shall sit
upon the trial of an impeachment shall
be (unless otherwise ordered) 2 o'clock in the
afternoon; and when the hour shall arrive, the
Presiding Officer upon such trial shall cause
proclamation to be made, and the business of
the trial shall proceed. The adjournment of the
Senate sitting in said trial shall not operate as an
adjournment of the Senate as a legislative body
and on such adjournment the Senate shall
resume the consideration of its legislative
business.
XII. The Secretary of the Senate shall record the
proceedings in cases of impeachment as in the
case of legislative proceedings, and the same
shall be reported in the same manner as the
legislative proceedings of the Senate.
XIII. Counsel for the parties shall be admitted to
appear and be heard upon an impeachment:
Provided, That counsel for the prosecutors shall
be under the control and supervision of the
panel of prosecutors of the House of
Representatives.
XIV. All motions, objections, requests, or applications
whether relating to the procedure of the Senate
or relating immediately to the trial (including
questions with respect to admission of evidence
or other questions arising during the trial) made
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by the parties or their counsel shall be addressed
to the Presiding Officer only, and if he, or any
Senator, shall require it, they shall be committed
to writing, and read at the Secretary's table.
XV. Witnesses shall be examined by one person on
behalf of the party producing them, and then
cross-examined by one person on the other
side.
XVI. If a Senator is called as a witness, he shall be
sworn, and give his testimony standing in his
place.
XVII. If a Senator wishes to put a question to a
witness, he/she shall do so within two minutes.
A senator may likewise put a question to a
prosecutor or to counsel of the prosecutor or
the person impeached. He/she may also offer a
motion of order, in writing which shall be
submitted to the Presiding Officer. The parties or
their counsel may interpose objections to
witnesses answering questions propounded by
any Senator and the merits of any such objection
may be argued by the parties or their counsel.
Ruling on any such objection shall be made as
provided in Rule VI.
XVIII. At all times while the Senate is sitting upon the
trial of an impeachment the doors of the Senate
shall be open to the public.
XIX. All preliminary or interlocutory questions, and
all motions, shall be argued for not exceeding
one hour (unless the Senate otherwise orders) on
each side.
XX. The case, on each side, shall be opened by one
person. The final argument on the merits may be
made by two persons on each side (unless
otherwise ordered by the Senate upon
application for that purpose), and the argument
shall be opened and closed on the part of the
House of Representatives.
XXI. An article of impeachment shall not be divisible
for the purpose of voting thereon at any time
during the trial. Once voting has commenced on
an article of impeachment, it shall continue until
completed on all articles of impeachment, unless
the Senate adjourns for a period not to exceed
one day or adjourns sine die. On the final
question whether the impeachment is sustained,
the yeas and nays shall be taken on each article
of impeachment separately; and if the
impeachment shall not, upon any of the articles
presented, be sustained by the votes of two-
thirds of all the Members, a judgment of
acquittal shall be entered; but if the person
impeached shall be convicted upon any such
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article by the votes of two-thirds of all the
Members, the Senate may proceed to the
consideration of such other matters as may be
determined to be appropriate prior to
pronouncing judgment. A motion to reconsider
the vote by which any article of impeachment is
sustained or rejected shall not be in order.
Form of a subpoena to be issued on the
Form of putting the question on each application of the prosecutors of the
article of impeachment impeachment, or of the party impeached,
or of his counsel
The Presiding Officer shall first state the
To __________________, greetings:
question; thereafter each Senator, as his/her
name is called, shall rise in his/her place and You are hereby commanded to appear
answer: guilty or not guilty. If he/she so before the Senate of the Philippines, on
wishes, a Senator may explain his/her vote for the _______ day of ____________, at the
not more than two (2) minutes. Senate Chamber in the City of Pasay, then and
XXII. All the orders and decisions may be there to testify your knowledge in the case
acted upon without objection, or, if objection which is before the Senate in which the House
is heard, the orders and decisions shall be of Representatives has impeached
voted on without debate by yeas and nays, _____________, and to bring with you the
which shall be entered on the record, subject, following ___________, it being necessary to
use the same as testimony.
however, to the operation of Rule VI, except
Fail not.
when the doors shall be closed for
deliberation, and in that case no Member shall Witness ______________, and Presiding
speak more than once on one question, and Officer of the Senate, at the City of Pasay, this
for not more than ten minutes on an _______ day of _____________, in the year
of our Lord.
interlocutory question, and for not more than
fifteen minutes on the final question, unless by
consent of the Senate, to be had without
______________________________, Presidi
debate; but a motion to adjourn may be
ng Officer of the Senate
decided without the yeas and nays, unless
they be demanded by one-fifth of the
Members present. The fifteen minutes herein
Form of direction for the service of said
allowed shall be for the whole deliberation on
subpoena
the final question, and not on the final
question on each article of impeachment.
The Senate of the Philippines to
XXIII. Witnesses shall be sworn in the
____________, greeting: You are hereby
following form: "You _______________, do
commanded to serve and return the within
swear (or affirm, as the case may be) that the
subpoena according to law. Dated at Pasay,
evidence you shall give in the case now
this ____ day of ________, in the year of our
pending between the Philippines and
Lord ____.
__________________, shall be the truth, the
whole truth, and nothing but the truth: so help
_______________________, Secretary of
you God." Which oath shall be administered
the Senate
by the Secretary, or any other duly authorized
person.
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Form of oath to be administered to the ______________________________, Pr
Members of the Senate and the Presiding esiding Officer of the Senate
Officer sitting in the trial of impeachments
"I solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may Form of Order to be indorsed on said writ
be) that in all things appertaining to the trial of summons
of the impeachment of ______ ______, now
pending, I will do impartial justice according to REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES ) SS.
the Constitution and laws: So help me
God." The Senate of the Philippines to
________________________, greetings:
Form of summons to be issued and served You are hereby commanded to deliver to and
upon the person impeached leave with __________ __________, if
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES ) SS. conveniently to be found, or if not, to leave at
The Senate of the Philippines to his usual place of abode, or at his usual place
_______________, greetings: of business in some conspicuous place, a true
and attested copy of the within writ of
Whereas the House of Representatives of the summons, together with a like copy of this
Philippines did, on the ____ day of ________, order, and in whichsoever way you perform
present to the Senate articles of impeachment the service, let it be done at least ____ days
against you, the said ______ ______, in the before the appearance day mentioned in the
words following: said writ of summons.
Fail not, and make return of this writ of
[Here insert the articles] summons and order, with your proceedings
And demand that you, the said thereon endorsed, on or before the
_______________, should be put to answer appearance day mentioned in the said writ of
the accusations as set forth in said articles, summons.
and that such proceedings, examinations, Witness ______________________, and
trials, and judgments might be thereupon had Presiding Officer of the Senate, at the City of
as are agreeable to law and justice. Pasay, this ____ day of ____ in the year of
You, the said ____________, are therefore Our Lord.
hereby summoned to be and appear before
the Senate of the Philippines, at their Chamber ______________________________, Presidi
in the City of Pasay, on the ____ day of ng Officer of the Senate
__________________, at ____ o'clock ____,
then and there to answer to the said articles of
All process shall be served by the Sergeant-at-
impeachment, and then and there to abide by, Arms of the Senate, unless otherwise ordered
obey, and perform such orders, directions, and by the Senate.
judgments as the Senate of the Philippines XXIV. If the Senate shall, at any time, fail to
shall make in the premises according to sit for the consideration of articles of
the Constitution and laws of the Philippines. impeachment on the day or hour fixed
Hereof you are not to fail. therefor, the Senate may, by an order to be
Witness ___________________, and adopted without debate, fix a day and hour for
Presiding Officer of the said Senate, at the City resuming such consideration.
of Pasay, Philippines, this ____ day of
________, in the year of Our Lord Senate Resolution No. 890
_______. RESOLUTION ADOPTING CERTAIN
RULES OF PROCEDURE AND

PRACTICE TO GOVERN IMPEACHMENT
PROCEEDINGS IN THE SENATE
COMPILATION OF ESTRADA RESIGN
SITES
Republic of the Philippines
HOUSE OF THE REPRESENTATIVES
Manila
15th Congress
RULES OF PROCEDURE IN IMPEACHMENT
PROCEEDINGS
RULE I - APPLICABILITY OF RULES
Section 1. Applicability of Rules. - These Rules
shall apply to all proceedings for impeachment in
the House of Representatives against the
President, Vice-President, the Members of the
Supreme Court, the Members of the Constitutional
Commissions and the Ombudsman for culpable
violation of the Constitution, treason, bribery, graft
and corruption, other high crimes or betrayal of
public trust.
RULE II - INITIATING IMPEACHMENT
Section 2. Mode of Initiating Impeachment. -
Impeachment shall be initiated by the filing and
subsequent referral to the Committee on Justice
of: *
(a) a verified complaint for impeachment filed by
any Member of the House of Representatives;
or
(b) a verified complaint filed by any citizen upon a
resolution of endorsement by any Member
thereof; or
(c) a verified complaint or resolution of
impeachment filed by at least one-third (1/3) of
all Members of the House.
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Section 3. Filing and Referral of Verified
Complaints. - A verified complaint for impeachment
by a Member of the House or by any citizen upon a
resolution of endorsement by any Member thereof
shall be filed with the office of the Secretary
General and immediately referred to the Speaker.
The Speaker shall have it included in the Order of
Business within ten (10) session days from receipt.
It shall then be referred to the Committee on
Justice within three (3) session days thereafter.
RULE III - FINDING A PROBABLE CAUSE
A. COMMITTEE PROCEEDINGS
Section 4. Determination of Sufficiency in Form
and Substance. - Upon due referral, the
Committee on Justice shall determine whether the
complaint is sufficient in from and substance. If the
committee finds that the complaint is insufficient in
form, it shall return the same to the Secretary
General within three (3) session days with a written
explanation of the insufficiency. The Secretary
General shall return the same to the complaint(s)
together with the committee's written explanation
within three (3) session days from receipt of the
committee resolution finding the complaint
insufficient in form.
Should the committee find the complaint sufficient
in form, it shall then determine if the complaint is
sufficient in substance. The requirement of
substance is met if there is a recital of facts
constituting the offense charged and determinative
of the jurisdiction of the committee. If the
committee finds that the complaint is not sufficient
in substance, it shall dismiss the complaint and
shall submit its report as provided hereunder.
Section 5. Notice to Respondents and Time to
Plead. - If the committee finds the complaint
sufficient in form and substance, it shall
immediately furnish the respondent(s) with a copy
of the resolution and/or verified complaint, as the
case may be, with written notice thereof and serve
a copy of the answer to the complaint(s). No
motion to dismiss shall be allowed within the
period to answer the complaint.
The answer, which shall be under oath, may
include affirmative defenses. If the respondent fails
or refuses to file an answer within the reglementary
period, he/she is deemed to have interposed a
general denial to the complaint. Within three (3)
days from receipt of the answer, the complainant
may file a reply, serving a copy thereof to the
respondent who may file a rejoinder within three

(3) days from receipt of the reply, serving a copy
thereof to the complainant. If the complainant fails
to file a reply, all the material allegations in the
answer are deemed controverted. Together with
their pleadings, the parties shall file their affidavits
or counter-affidavits, as the case may be, with their
documentary evidence. Such affidavits or counter-
affidavits shall be subscribed before the
Chairperson of the Committee on Justice or the
Secretary General. Notwithstanding all the
foregoing, failure presenting evidence in support of
his/her defenses.
When there are more than one respondent, each
shall be furnished with copy of the verified
complaint from a Member of the House or a copy
of the verified complaint from a private citizen
together with the resolution of endorsement by a
Member of the House of Representatives and a
written notice to answer and in that case, reference
to respondent in these Rules shall be understood
as respondents.
Section 6. Submission of Evidences and
Memoranda. - After receipt of the pleadings and
affidavits and counter-affidavits and relevant
documents provided for in Section 5, or the
expiration of the time within which they may be
filed, the Committee shall determine whether the
complaint alleges sufficient grounds for
impeachment.
If it finds that sufficient grounds for impeachment
do not exist, the Committee shall dismiss the
complaint and submit the report required
hereunder. If the Committee finds that sufficient
grounds for impeachment exist, the Committee
shall conduct a hearing. To that end, the
Committee, through the Chairperson, may limit the
period of examination and cross-examination. The
Committee shall have the power to issue
compulsory processes for the attendance of
witnesses as well as the production of documents
and other related evidence.
The hearing before the Committee shall be open to
the public except when the security of the State or
public interest requires that the hearing be held in
executive session.
After the submission of evidence, the Committee
may require the submission of memoranda, after
which the matter shall be submitted for resolution.
Section 7. Protection to Complainants or
Witnesses. - The House may, upon proper petition,
provide adequate protection to a complainant or
witness if it is shown that his/her personal safety is
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in jeopardy because of his/her participation in an
impeachment proceeding.
Section 8. Report and Recommendation. - The
Committee on Justice after hearing, and by a
majority vote of all its Members, shall submit its
report to the House containing its findings and
recommendations within sixty (60) session days
from the referral to it of the verified complaint
and/or resolution. Together with the report shall be
a formal resolution of the Committee regarding the
disposition of the complaint which shall be
calendar for consideration by the House within ten
(10) session days from receipt thereof.
If the Committee finds by a vote of the majority of
all its Members that a probable cause exists, it
shall submit with its report a resolution setting forth
the Articles of Impeachment on the basis of the
evidence adduced before the Committee.
Otherwise, the complaint shall be dismissed
subject to Section 11 of these Rules.
Section 9. Report to be Calendared. - The
Committee on Rules shall calendar the report and
the accompanying resolution of the Committee on
Justice regarding the disposition of the complaint
in accordance with the Rules of the House of
Representatives. The House shall dispose of the
report within sixty (60) session days from its
submission by the Committee on Justice.
B. HOUSE ACTION
Section 10. Vote Required for Approval. - A vote
of at least one-third (1/3) of all Members of the
House is necessary for the approval of the
resolution setting forth the Articles of
Impeachment. If the resolution is approved by the
required vote, it shall then be endorsed to the
Senate for its trial.
On the other hand, should the resolution fail to
secure the approval by the required vote, the same
result in the dismissal of the complaint for
impeachment.
Section 11. Where Dismissal Recommended. -
When the report of the Committee on Justice
dismisses the complaint, it shall submit to the
House a resolution for the dismissal of the verified
complaint and/or resolution of impeachment. A
vote of at least one-third (1/3) of all the Members
of the House shall be necessary to override such
resolution, in which case the Committee on Justice
shall forthwith prepare the Articles of
Impeachment.

Section 12. Vote by Roll Call. - The voting on a
favorable resolution with the Articles of
Impeachment of the Committee on Justice or a
contrary resolution shall be by roll call, and the
Secretary General shall records the vote of each
Member.
RULE IV - VERIFIED COMPLAINT/RESOLUTION
BY ONE-THIRD OF MEMBERS
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RULE VII - APPLICABILITY OF THE RULES OF
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
Section 16. Rules of Procedure. - The Rules of
Criminal Procedure under the Rules of Court shall,
as far as practicable, apply to impeachment
proceedings before the House.
Adopted, 3 August 2010

Section 13. Endorsement of the End Note

Complaint/Resolution to the Senate. - A verified
complaint/resolution of impeachment filed by at
least one-third (1/3) of all the Members of the
House shall constitute the Articles of
Impeachment, and in this case the verified
complaint/resolution shall be endorsed to the
Senate in the same manner as an approved bill of
the House.
*The Supreme Court decision in Francisco
et al. vs. House of Representatives (GR
No. 160261, 10 November 2003), states
that Impeachment proceedings are initiated
upon filing of the complaint and/or
resolution and its referral to the Committee
on Justice.

The complaint/resolution must, at the time of filing,

be verified and sworn to before the Secretary
General by each of the Members constituting at
least one-third (1/3) of all Members of the House.

The contents of the verification shall be as follows:

"We, after being sworn in accordance with law,

depose and state: That we are the complainants in
the above-entitled complaint/resolution of
impeachment; that we have caused the said
complaint/resolution to be prepared and have read
the contents thereof; and that the allegations
therein are true of our own knowledge and belief
on the basis of our reading and appreciation of
documents and other records pertinent thereto.

___________________
(Signature)

RULE V - BAR AGAINST IMPEACHMENT

Section 14. Scope of Bar. - No impeachment

proceedings shall be initiated against the same
official more than once within a period of one (1)
year.

RULE VI - PROSECUTOR IN ALL

IMPEACHMENT PROCEEDINGS

Section 15. Impeachment Prosecutor. - The

House of Representatives shall act as the sole
prosecutor at the trial in the Senate through a
committee of eleven (11) Members thereof to be
elected by a majority vote.