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9.1
70 f
[,] (<) x[,], f(x) 0, f
[,]
E= a
f ( x )dx ,
f,
(,f,) f ,
x- = 0, x- = 0.
(,f,). f
[,] ( < ),
E=
a
| f ( x) |dx
(,f,).
2. f [,] (<)
[,],
E=
a
| f ( x) |dx
(,f,).
3. f,g [,],
(,f,g,) c1,c2
f g x- = 0, x- = 0,
(,f,g,)
= 1-2
161
1 (. 2) (,f,) (.
(,g,)).
E= a
( f ( x) g ( x ))dx .
E= a
( f ( x) g ( x ))dx .
E = E1 E2 =
a
( f1 ( x ) g1 ( x))dx = a
( f ( x ) g ( x )) dx.
E= a
| f ( x) g ( x ) |dx
(,f,g,).
E= a
| f ( x) g ( x ) |dx
(,f,g,).
3.2
f [,].
= {x0, x1,,xn}
[,] P0,P1,,Pn
c f x0, x1,,xn,
P0P1Pn R(f,),
n
R( f , ) = | P
k =1
P |
k 1 k
| Pk 1 Pk | Pk 1 Pk .
,
c.
162
O 9.1 c ,
S c.
9.1 f [,], c
f [,]
:
S= a
1 + [ f ( x )]2 dx.
A | Pk 1 Pk |= ( xk xk 1 ) + ( f ( xk ) f ( xk 1 ))
2 2
= ( xk xk 1 ) 2 + ( f ( k )( xk xk 1 )) 2 ,
k(xk-1,xk). A
n n
R( f , ) = | P
k =1
P | =
k 1 k k =1
( xk xk 1 ) 2 (1 + [ f ( k )]2 )
n
=
k =1
(1 + [ f ( k )]2 )( xk xk 1 )
R( f , ) a
1 + [ f ( x)]2 dx < .
3.3 O
f
[,]. (,f,) 3600
,
(,f,) .
(,f,), c f [,]
c
f [,] .
f [,].
(,f,).
163
= {x0, x1,,xn},
[,] f(x0),f(x1),,f(xn)
c f x0, x1,,xn, n
n
V ( f , ) = [ f (x
k =1
k 1 )]2 ( xk xk 1 ) .
V ( f , )
.
O 9.2
c f [,] x-=0 x-=0
> 0 > 0: || < |V(f,) - V| < .
S .
9.3 f
[,], (,f,)
:
V =
a
[ f ( x )]2 dx.
n
V ( f , ) = [ f (x
k =1
k 1 )]2 ( xk xk 1 )
V ( f , ) a
[ f ( x )]2 dx < .
1. f
[,].
2. f
[,],
(,f,) :
V =
a
[ f ( x )]2 dx.
164
3. f-g [,] ( < ),
V = a
([ f ( x)]2 [ g ( x)]2 ) dx,
(,f,g,).
(,f,g,).
c f [,]
f .
= {x0, x1,,xn}
[,] P0,P1,,Pn
c f x0, x1, , xn,
P0P1, P1P2,...,Pn-1Pn n
. n
(f,)
n
E ( f , ) = ( f (x
k =1
k 1 ) + f ( xk )) | Pk 1 Pk |
| Pk 1 Pk | Pk 1 Pk .
,
.
9.3 c
f [,] ,
E = 2 a
f ( x ) 1 + [ f ( x )]2 dx.
1. f [,], f(x) 0
x[,], c f [,]
:
165
E = 2 a
f ( x ) 1 + [ f ( x )]2 dx.
2. f [,]
f(x) [,],
c f [,] :
E = 2
a
| f ( x ) | 1 + [ f ( x)]2 dx.
(,)
, ||
> 0.
,
(,) . ||
.
(, +2).
,
,
(x,y) (,) :
x = cos, y = sin.
f: E R = f().
{(,): =f()}
= f().
= f() ,
f
= f() .
166
9.5 = f() [1,2],
= 1, = 2,
:
2
2 ( ) + ( ( ) ) d .
2
S=
1
| ( ) | 2 ( ) + ( ( ) ) d .
2
E = 2
1
167
168
169
170
1.
:
2. y = ex,
(2,1) x = 0.
3.
xx :
(iii) y = x , y = x 2 (iv) x 2 y 2 = 4, y = 0, x = 6.
4. :
e x + e x
(i) y = , x [ ln 2, ln 2] , (ii) x 2 + y 2 = a 2 , a > 0 .
2
5. xx
:
171