ALISON CAROLINE INSTITUTE ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY CAT 5

1. Which type of muscle tissue is characterized by involuntary contractions elongated, spindle-
shaped fibers that have single nucleus.
a. Striated muscle tissue c. Smooth muscle tissue
b. Skeletal muscle tissue d. Cardiac muscle tissue
2. A flattened sheet like tendon is known as ___
a. Aponeurosis c. Tendon sheath
b. Retinaculum d. Fascial sheath
3. The connective tissue surrounding individual muscle fibers is called ___.
a. Intermysium c. Endomysium
b. Perimysium d. Superficial fascia
4. In skeletal muscle fibers, the dark bands contributing to the striated appearance are referred to as
a. A bands c. Z bands
b. I bands d. H bands
5. Contraction of a muscle resulting in physical shortening is referred to as ___
a. Graded contraction c. Isotonic contraction
b. Summation d. Isometric contraction
6. A somatic motor neuron, together with all the muscle fibers it innervates, constitutes __
a. A motor unit c. An isometric unit
b. A contractile unit d. A kinetic unit
7. Which grouping of muscle constituents is in descending order of size?
a. Fasciculus, myofibril, muscle fiber, myofilament
b. Fasciculus, muscle fiber, myofibril, actin-myosin, myofilament
c. Muscle fiber, Fasciculus, myofilament, myofibril
d. Fasciculus, muscle fiber, myofibril, myofilament, actin-myosin
8. Composed of myosin, the thick filaments within a myofibril account for
a. The I bands c. The A bands
b. The H bands d. The Z lines
9. A resting skeletal muscle obtains most of its energy from anaerobic respiration of ___
a. ATP c. Fatty acids
b. Muscle glycogen d. Blood glucose
10. Which of the following is not a characteristic of slow-twitch (type 1) skeletal muscle fibers?
a. Large capillary supply
b. Low resistance to fatigue
c. Numerous mitochondria
d. High concentration of myoglobin
11. Which type of fiber arrangement characterizes the deltoid muscle?
a. Parallel c. Pinnate
b. Convergent d. Sphincteral
12. Which of the following is not a basis for naming muscles
a. Shape d. Relative position
b. Strength of contraction e. Location
c. Function
13. The muscle responsible for smiling is
a. Orbicularis oris c. Depressor labii inferioris
b. Zygomaticus d. Levator labii superioris
14. The muscle responsible for protracting the jaw is
a. The lateral pterygoid c. The inferior rectus
b. The medial pterygoid d. The inferior oblique
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15. The muscle that flexes the joints between the lumbar vertebrae is
a. The external abdominal oblique
b. The rectus abdominis
c. The transverse abdominis
d. The internal abdominal oblique
16. The erector spinae muscle group consists of all of the following except
a. Iliocostalis c. Longissimus
b. Semispinalis d. Spinalis
17. Which of the following muscles does not attach to the humerus?
a. Biceps brachii c. Brachioradialis
b. Brachial is d. Triceps brachii
18. The production of blood cells is termed
a. Hemolysis c. Chemotaxis
b. Hemopoiesis d. Erythropoiesis
19. Which of the following does not contain red bone marrow?
a. Flat bones c. Epiphysis of a long bone
b. Irregular bones d. Diaphysis of a long bone
20. Which type of fracture penetrates through the skin?
a. Transverse c. Comminuted
b. Compound d. Greenstick
21. The Central Nervous System includes __
a. The brain and cranial nerves c. The brain and spinal cord
b. The brain and spinal nerves d. The brain only
22. Which of the following is not true of neurones?
a. They are the most abundant cells of nervous system
b. They cannot divide mitotically
c. They all conduct nerve impulses
d. They respond to physical and chemical stimuli
23. When the inside of the cell membrane of a neurone becomes more negative as a result of
stimulation, the condition is called ___
a. Hyperpolarization c. Repolarization
b. Depolarization d. Polarization
24. Which of the following is not a function of the cerebrum?
a. Control of most sensory and motor activities
b. Memory, reasoning and intelligence
c. Autonomically maintaining equilibrium and balance
d. Instinctual and limbic functions
25. The three nerves or divisions of the trigeminal ganglion/plexus include ___
a. Ocular, palatine and lingual nerves
b. Ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular nerves
c. Ophthalmic, palatine and lingual nerves
d. Frontal, maxillary and mandibular nerves
26. When fibrinogen is removed from the plasma of blood, the remaining product is known as ___
a. Serum c. Hematocrit
b. Fibrin d. Globulin

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27. In emergency, which type of blood may be used as a universal donor if the volume of donor
plasma is small?
a. Type O c. Type B
b. Type A d. Type AB
28. The left atrio-ventricular (bicuspid) valve is on the same side of the heart as ___
a. The superior vena cava
b. The tricuspid valve
c. The aortic semi-lunar valve
d. The pulmonary semi-lunar valve
29. Which of the following structures are involved in pulmonary circulation?
a. The right ventricle, pulmonary trunk and left atrium
b. The superior vena cava, right atrium, and right ventricle
c. The left ventricle, aorta, and inferior vena cava
d. The right atrium, right ventricle and left atrium
30. Closing of the AV valves produces ___
a. The first heart sound (lub) c. Both a and b
b. The second heart sound (dub) d. Neither a nor b.
31. At any given moment, the greatest volume of blood in the body is found within ___
a. The veins and venules c. The heart
b. The capillaries d. The arteries and arterioles
32. Stroke volume is regulated by ___
a. The end-diastolic volume (EDV)
b. The peripheral resistance in the arteries
c. The contractility of ventricular contractions
d. All of the above
33. Structurally, lymph ducts are most similar to ___
a. Veins c. Capillaries
b. Arteries d. None of the above
34. All of the following are lymphoid organs except ___
a. The thymus c. The pancrease
b. The spleen d. The tonsils
35. T lymphocytes differentiate and mature in ___
a. The thymus c. The spleen
b. The liver d. The lymph nodes
36. Which of the following is not a factor in the movement of lymph through lymph ducts?
a. Influence of gravity
b. Contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of the vessels
c. Action of valves
d. Massaging action produced by skeletal muscle contraction
37. Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?
a. The transport of interstitial fluid back to the blood
b. The transport of absorbed fats from the small intestine to the blood
c. Immunological defense
d. The filtration of metabolic waste
38. Which are associated structures of the integument/skin?
a. Sweat glands c. Sebaceous glands
b. Fingernails d. All of the move

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39. Which skin disease is potentially life threatening?

a. Psoriasis c. Erythema
b. Melanoma d. Dermatitis
40. Sebaceous gland secrete ___
a. Oil c. Wax
b. Sweat d. Melanin
41. The epidermal layer associated with cellular death and initiation of keratinization is the stratum
a. Spinosum c. Lucidum
b. Granulosum d. corneum
42. Which substance is not responsible for skin color?
a. Carotene c. Keratin
b. Melanin d. Hemoglobin
43. What is mitosis?
a. The covering around the cell
b. The protection against UV light
c. The elimination of toxins from the skin
d. The multiplication of cells
44. Define adipose tissue.
a. Nervous tissue c. Elastic tissue
b. Permeable tissue d. Fatty tissue
45. What muscle flexes the foot?
a. Flexor digitorium longus c. Tendon of achiles
b. Tibialis anterior d. Sartorius
46. The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except:
a. Palms facing posterior c. Face pointing anteriorly
b. Thumbs pointing laterally d. Body standing upright
47. The elbow is _____ to the wrist:
a. Distal c. Ventral
b. Lateral d. Proximal
48. What is the function of serous membranes:
a. To prevent fluid loss from an organ
b. To reduce friction between internal organs
c. To circulate blood around the organ
d. To conserve heat within the organ
49. The _____ system plays a role in moving fluids, wastes, and bones?
a. Skeletal c. Muscular
b. Integumentary d. Nervous
50. The "basic unit of life" is:
a. The atom
b. Water
c. The cell
d. The chemical level of organization

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