Heat Transfer

Analysis of heat transfer on cooling pad and cooler body

For main assumption that we do based on analysis is steady heat transfer system.

A. Cooling Pad

Table 1 shows the parameter that use in testing of evaporative air cooler and results.

𝑵𝒐. 𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈

1 Initial temperature,𝑇𝑖 30℃

2 Final temperature, 𝑇𝑜 28℃

3 Temperature drop 2℃

4 Time required 30 minutes

Table 1

For experimental, area of the room is 15m2 that we use to test our prototype.

Thermal resistance network

𝑇𝑖 = 30℃ 𝑇𝑜 = 28℃
𝑉𝑎𝑖𝑟 = 4.5𝑚/𝑠
Cooling
pad
Properties of cooling pad

 Material : Wool felt

 Thermal conductivity, k : 0.04 𝑊/𝑚℃

 Dimension (𝐿 × 𝑊 × 𝐻) = (0.3 × 0.015 × 0.12)𝑚

For forced convection,

 Assume surface temperature, 𝑇𝑠 = 26℃ (Water)

 Thermal conductivity (air), k : 0.02573 𝑊/𝑚℃

 Density of air, 𝜌 : 1.255 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3

 Dynamic viscosity of air, 𝜇 = 1.789 × 10−5 𝑘𝑔/𝑚𝑠

 Diameter of fan blade, 𝑑 = 0.14 𝑚

The Reynolds number can be obtained using this formula,

𝜌𝑉𝑑
𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇

1.255 (4.5)(0.14)
𝑅𝑒 =
1.789 × 10−5
𝑅𝑒 = 44195.08 < 5 × 106

Based on Reynolds number above, the flow is laminar.

Prandtl number, 𝑃𝑟 can be determined using Table A-15 based on film temperature, 𝑇𝑓 .

𝑇𝑠 + 𝑇∞1
𝑇𝑓 =
2
26 + 30
𝑇𝑓 = = 28
2
By interpolation,

𝑇𝑓 25 28 30
𝑃𝑟 0.7296 0.7282
 28 − 25
𝑃𝑟 = 0.7296 + ( ) (0.7282 − 0.7296)
30 − 25

𝑃𝑟 = 0.72876

For rectangular shape, we can obtain the Nusselt number using this formula,

𝑁𝑢 = 0.094(44195.08)0.675 (0.72876)1/3

𝑁𝑢 = 115.6

Then, convection heat transfer can get using this formula,

𝑁𝑢 𝑘
ℎ1 = ℎ2 =
𝑙
(115.6)(0.02573)
ℎ=
0.015
ℎ = 198.3𝑊/𝑚2 ℃

Table 2

Looking for Table 2, our convection heat transfer coefficient by forced convection is in the
range.
To determine rate of heat transfer,

𝐴 = 0.3 × 0.12 = 0.036 𝑚2

𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣1 + 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 + 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣2

1 𝐿 1
𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = + +
ℎ𝐴 𝑘𝐴 ℎ𝐴

1 0.3 1
𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = + +
(198.3)(0.036) (0.04 )(0.036) (198.3)(0.036)

𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 208.61 ℃/𝑊

𝑇∞1 − 𝑇∞2
𝑄̇ =
𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙

30 − 28
𝑄̇ =
208.61

𝑄̇ = 0.00958 𝑊
B. Cooler Body

Thermal resistance network

𝑇𝑖 = 30℃ 𝑇𝑜 = 28℃
𝑉𝑎𝑖𝑟 = 4.5𝑚/𝑠
Cooler
body

Properties of cooler body

 Material : polystyrene

 Thermal conductivity, k : 0.033 𝑊/𝑚℃

 Dimension (𝐿 × 𝑊 × 𝐻) = (0.3 × 0.015 × 0.12)𝑚

For forced convection,

 Assume surface temperature, 𝑇𝑠 = 29℃

 Thermal conductivity (air) : 0.02573 𝑊/𝑚℃

 Density of air, 𝜌 : 1.255 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3

 Dynamic viscosity of air, 𝜇 = 1.789 × 10−5 𝑘𝑔/𝑚𝑠

 Length of cooler body, 𝐿 = 0.3 𝑚

The Reynolds number can be obtained using this formula,

𝜌𝑉𝐿
𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇
 1.255 (4.5)(0.3)
𝑅𝑒 =
1.789 × 10−5
𝑅𝑒 = 94703.74 < 5 × 106

Based on Reynolds number above, the flow is laminar.

Prandtl number can be determined using Table A-15 based on film temperature, 𝑇𝑓 .

𝑇𝑠 + 𝑇∞1
𝑇𝑓 =
2
29 + 30
𝑇𝑓 = = 29.5
2
By interpolation,

𝑇𝑓 25 29.5 30
𝑃𝑟 0.7296 0.7282

29.5 − 25
𝑃𝑟 = 0.7296 + ( ) (0.7282 − 0.7296)
30 − 25

𝑃𝑟 = 0.7283

For rectangular shape, we can obtain the Nusselt number using this formula,

𝑁𝑢 = 0.094(94703.74)0.675 (0.7283)1/3

𝑁𝑢 = 193.32

Then, convection heat transfer can get using this formula,

𝑁𝑢 𝑘
ℎ=
𝑙
(193.32) (0.033)
ℎ=
(0.015)

ℎ = 425 𝑊/𝑚2 ℃

To determine rate of heat transfer,

𝐴 = 0.3 × 0.12 = 0.036 𝑚2

 𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣1 + 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 + 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣2

1 𝐿 1
𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = + +
ℎ𝐴 𝑘𝐴 ℎ𝐴

1 0.3 1
𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = + +
(425)(0.036) (0.033)(0.036) (425)(0.036)

𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 252.65 ℃/𝑊

𝑇∞1 − 𝑇∞2
𝑄̇ =
𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙

30 − 28
𝑄̇ =
252.65

𝑄̇ = 0.00791 𝑊

As conclusion, temperature drop is about 2℃ during 10 minutes, so we can conclude that rate of
heat transfer of cooler body is lower than rate of heat transfer of cooling pad. This was happened
because of material that we use for cooling pad is low thermal conductivity. Other reason is
about size of cooling pad. If we do experiment at small confined space, we can see the increase
of temperature drop. Beside that, this product is good for us because we are use fresh and clean
air to cool the space. Compare with air conditioner, evaporative air cooler has more efficient
energy used.