3 Operation Procedure For Electric System

Operation Procedures for Electric System
BAYAH 2×60MW POWER PLANT (PHASE I)
Operation Manual & Training Document
PART 3
Electric System
Electric Power Research Institute of Architectural Design

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rch Institute of Southeast
University 2015.12
Catalog
1.Operation Procedure for Primary and Auxiliary Electrical Systems ......................................1
1.1Compilation Basis.......................................................................................................................1
1.2 Scope of Application.................................................................................................................1
1.3 General Provisions....................................................................................................................2
1.4 Division of Equipment Dispatching Range..........................................................................2
1.5 System Operation Modes........................................................................................................3
1.6 General Requirements For Operation..................................................................................4
2.Operation Procedures for Generator..........................................................................................29
2.1.Start and Stop Operation of Generator..............................................................................29
2.2 Normal Operation of Generator......................................................................................39
2.3 Generator excitation system.................................................................................................42
2.4 Generator abnormal operation and troubleshooting.......................................................47
3. Operation Procedures for Transformer.....................................................................................63
3.1 Regulations for Transformer Operation.............................................................................63
3.2 Operate the transformer..................................................................................................... 70
3.3 Inspection and maintenance during operation of transformer......................................74
3.4 Transformer abnormal operation and troubleshooting...................................................80
4. Operation Procedures for Motor.................................................................................................86
4.1 Operation procedures for motor..........................................................................................86
4.2 General principles of operation for motor..........................................................................89
4.3 Operation procedure for power failure and power transmission of motor .................94
4.4 Abnormal operation and accident handling of motor ......................................................95
5. Operation Procedures for Power Distribution Unit..............................................................101

5.1 Switch.......................................................................................................................................101
5.2 Busbar and knife switch......................................................................................................110
5.3 Transformer............................................................................................................................116
5.4 Arrester....................................................................................................................................122
5.5 Cable........................................................................................................................................123
5.6 Reactor....................................................................................................................................125
6. Operation Procedures for DC System....................................................................................127
6.1 Operation Rules for DC System........................................................................................127
6.2 Operation and Maintenance of the Storage Battery.....................................................128
6.3 Inspection items for DC system........................................................................................130
6.4 Abnormality Treatment for DC System............................................................................130
7. Operation Procedures for UPS System.................................................................................137
7.1 System composition:............................................................................................................137
7.2 System Functions:................................................................................................................138
7.3 System Operation Modes...................................................................................................138
7.4 UPS Operation......................................................................................................................139
8. Operation Procedures for Relay Protection, Automatic Device, Power Monitoring
System................................................................................................................................................142
8.1 Operation and management regulations of protective device:..................................142
8.2 Regulations on fixed value alternation............................................................................ 144
8.4 Operating provision for protection and automatic device............................................146
8.5 Arrangement for protection monitoring system..............................................................147
8.6 Principle of common operation and motion treatment .................................................147
8.7 Operation and management regulations for power monitoring system...................150
9. Operation Procedures for Motor Control Center..................................................................151

9.1 Purpose And General Provisions......................................................................................151
9.2 Regular operation.................................................................................................................153
9.3 Description for main cabinet type.....................................................................................154
10. Operation procedure for accident generator ......................................................................156
10.1 General Provisions.............................................................................................................156
10.2 System overview................................................................................................................156
10.3 Main protection for unit..................................................................................................... 156
10.4 Operation method for accident generator....................................................................157
10.5 Daily maintenance for accident generator unit............................................................158
11. Safety procedure of motor control center............................................................................160
11.1 Purpose:................................................................................................................................160
11.2 Scope of Application:.........................................................................................................160
11.3 Potential Risk:......................................................................................................................160
11.4 Safety Goal:.........................................................................................................................160
11.5 Safety routine work.............................................................................................................160
11.6 Fire protection......................................................................................................................161

1.Operation Procedure for Primary and Auxiliary Electrical Systems
1.1Compilation Basis
0 Safety Code of Electric Power Industry
1 Electrical Accident Handling Procedures
2 Power Plant Operation Procedures
3 Generator Operation Procedures
4 Operation Procedures for Power Transformer
5 High-Voltage Circuit Breaker Operation Procedures
6 Operation Management Procedures for Relay Protection and Automatic Devices
7 Preventive Test Code for Electric Power Equipment
8 Substation Operation Management System
9 Battery Operation Procedures
10 Dispatching Operation and Accident Handling Procedures for East China Power
Grid System
11 Electrical Equipment Operating Instructions and Typical Operating Task
Instructions for East China Power Grid
12 Dispatching Procedures for East China Electric Power System
13 Dispatching Procedures for Electric Power System in Jiangsu Province
14 Various equipment specifications of the Company
15 Other relevant regulations, systems, countermeasures and technical data
16 Typical Operating Task Preparation Instructions for East China Power Grid in
2005
17 Optimization for Dispatching Operation Management Mode of Jiangsu
Power Grid
1.2 Scope of Application
This procedure is applicable to electrical operation posts of BAYAH Power Plant. All
operation personnel shall carry out equipment operation & maintenance and accident
handling in strict accordance with the provision of this procedure.
Related production leaders and technical staff of the Company shall be familiar with this
procedure, and in addition, maintenance and test personnel of the Maintenance Dept.
1
shall have an intimate knowledge of relevant rules herein.
New staff on duty for this post and the original watchman with three months of off-
site shall learn this procedure, and only when tested qualified can they start working.
In case of any conflict between this procedure and relevant superior rules and
regulations, the superior rules and regulations shall prevail.
1.3 General Provisions
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electrical system must be operated according to the operation mode developed by
the Company. If the normal operation mode is really needed, approval must be
obtained from the shift supervisor and chief engineer.
ĀȀĀȀĀ⤀ĀЀĀȀȀ⤀ĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀȀĀȀ⸀ĀĀĀĀĀЀĀĀȀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀ1 The unit
operates in parallel with the system under normal circumstances, and the frequency is
allowed to vary within the range of 49.8-50.2Hz, applying the load as per the load
curve issued by Taidiao. When this power plant system is subject to isolated operation,
the frequency is allowed to vary within the range of 49.5-50.5Hz.
ĀȀĀȀĀ⤀ĀЀĀȀȀ⤀ĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀȀĀȀ⸀ĀĀĀĀĀЀĀĀȀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀ2 The operating
personnel must be familiar with the Company's electrical system wiring and
equipment name, structure, performance, number and location, and know the
secondary electrical circuit and working principle thereof, various modes of
operation and accident handling as well as grid connection directly related to the
Company.
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regulations of this power plant:
3.0 The allowable voltage deviation of 11kV busbar is 0%-+7% of the rated system
voltage under normal operation mode.
3.1 The allowable voltage deviation of 400V three-phase power supply is ±7% of
the rated voltage.
1.4 Division of Equipment Dispatching Range
0 Equipment with a dispatching permit:
0 “E1”1# main transformer
1 Other grid-tied equipment, unit auxiliary equipment and other equipment with
maintenance affecting the unit output;

2 Grounding equipment isolated from the transformer neutral point
1 Equipment subject to the dispatching of shift supervisor of this power plant:
2
0 11kV auxiliary busbar section and busbar equipment, protective and automatic
devices.
1 400V busbar section and busbar equipment, protective device and automatic
device.
2 Reactor, various auxiliary transformers and measuring and protective devices
thereof.
3 HV motor, LV motor and measuring and protective devices thereof.
4 All other auxiliary LV equipment and measuring and protective devices thereof.
1.5 System Operation Modes
23 Standard operation mode of primary system
Generator 1# of the power plant is connected to the new cable head wiring cabinet
of Cement E21 booster station via E1 isolation transformer, and branched to 11kV
Section-I and Section-II busbars from the cable wiring cabinet;
23 Settings and selection of parallel points and splitting points
The parallel points of the thermal power plant is Switch YP1_1S1_U6 at the outlet of
Generator-Transformer Unit 1#, Switch E21_1S1_UM for Section-I busbar and Switch
E21_1S1_UN for Section-II busbar of 150kV “E21” Transformer.
The Switch YP1_1S1_U6 at the outlet of Generator-Transformer Unit 1#, Switch
E21_1S1_UM and Switch E21_1S1_UN of “E21” Transformer are provided with
automatic quasi-synchronizing device.
Splitting points of thermal power plant and the system are Switch E21_1S1_UM of
Section-I and Switch E21_1S1_UN of Section-II of “E21” Transformer.
During normal startup, Switch YP1_1S1_U6 at the outlet of Generator-Transformer
Unit 1# shall be selected as parallel point, while other switches shall be selected as
parallel points in case of system failure or if necessary due to the operation mode.
23 Standard operation mode of 11kV auxiliary system
The working power supply of 11kV Section-I busbar is connected to the outlet of
Generator 1# via Reactor 1#, and 11kV auxiliary power system is powered by 11kV
Section-I busbar.
23 Standard operation mode of 400V auxiliary system
3
Single busbar wiring method is applied for 400V auxiliary system.
Section-I busbar of the 400V auxiliary system is normally powered by Y4,Y6_41T
auxiliary operating transformer; and the spare section accessed from Y4,Y6_40T is
applied as backup power.
The operation at coal conveying section and circulating water section are
respectively powered by respective working transformer, and back power is powered by
the respective backup switch accessed from the 400V spare section.
The normal switch of 400V busbar power shall apply 400V busbar automatic transfer
switch and the mode of “pulling before closing”, and closed loop operation is prohibited
for 400V busbar power switch under normal conditions. Closed loop operation is only
allowed when two-way power supply belongs to the same electrical system and closed
loop conditions are satisfied under HV buscouple closing conditions.
This operation shall be considered only under the cases to ensure safety, continuous
equipment operation and system stability and other emergencies, and necessary
precautions and accident anticipation shall be fully made.
1.6 General Requirements For Operation
0 System Frequency Regulations
0 Generator frequency shall be maintained at 50±0.2Hz.
1 The frequency shall not exceed 50±0.5Hz during isolated operation of the unit.
1 Reactive Operating Rules of the Units
0 The voltage of generator and system of the company shall fall within the
prescribed limit;
1 On-load shall be as per dispatching order in order to meet the voltage
requirements;
2 Operation shall be in line with reactive load curve;
3 Unit power factor shall be within the allowable parameter range, usually controlled
between 0.85 and 0.9.
2 General Requirements for Electrical Operation
The electrical operator shall conduct careful patrol inspection on the electrical system
and equipment in the whole plant based on the prescribed inspection routes, cycles and
4
items during the duty.
23 Regular patrol inspection cycle and requirements
23 Patrol inspection on the equipment during each shift (8h) shall not be less than
4 times, and each patrol inspection must be carried out on time.
24 The time for lights-out patrol inspection shall be stipulated in accordance with
the actual operation situation.
25 The inspection items refer to the regulations on the items for patrol inspection
on all operating equipment.
26 Relevant equipment shall be checked once before and after equipment
operation and after the trip.
27 The actions of lightning arrester, rod and counter shall be checked once and
recorded upon each lightning stroke.
28 Constant value and pressing plate position of relay protection and automatic
devices shall be fully checked once each month. If the constant value is
modified, the new constant value modified during office hours shall be rechecked
after work.
29 Newly installations, standby equipment and maintained equipment shall be
inspected every hour within the first four hours after being put into service
(main transformer shall be inspected every half an hour within the first two
hours after being put into operation), and later, shall be periodically inspected.
24 The frequency of inspection tour or special inspection tour shall be increased in
case of the following conditions:
23 Equipment overload and over-voltage operation or significant load increase;
24 Hot weather and peak load period;
25 Serious equipment defect or recent equipment defect expansion;
26 Bad weather and abrupt climate change;
27 Suspicious phenomenon during accident trip or equipment operation;
28 Safety check or notice from superior leaders;
29 During statutory holidays and important meetings.
The inspection tour shall be in accordance with relevant provisions of the company.
5
With respect to the defects found during the inspection tour, the causes, developments
and consequences shall be analyzed and appropriate measures shall be taken to limit
their expansion. In addition, it shall be recorded as per equipment defect management
system requirements and submitted to the superior by category. Class A defects shall be
immediately reported to the shift supervisor and relevant leaders value, and in the
meanwhile, surveillance shall be strengthened for better accident anticipation.
23 Upon the maintenance of HV equipment, the shift leader shall carry out the
following inspections together with the work leader:
23 The porcelain part is clean, no things are left on the equipment and the site
is clean;
24 Oiling device indicates oil level normally and the joint part and bulkhead are
free of oil leakage;
25 The mechanism part operates flexibly and the machinery indicates normal;
26 HV equipment is grounded in firm and reliable manner;
27 Specifications, change order, drawings and other information are provided when
the equipment or wiring changes.
28 Standby equipment are always kept in a usable state, and its maintenance
requirements are the same as those for the operating equipment.
24 General requirements for seasonal preventions
Special inspection tour shall be arranged based on the climatic conditions and
seasonal characteristics. If the weather encounters sudden change (such as strong wind,
light rain after long drought, storm, flood, fog, hail, thunderstorm and sudden temperature
change), the person on duty shall inspect the equipment in a timely manner. Besides the
normal inspection items, the following items shall also be the focus of inspection:
23 It is required to check whether there is water accumulated in cable trench and
oil drain tank of main transformer, whether doors and windows are tightly closed
and the house leakage condition in case of thunderstorm rain. After lightning, it
is required to check whether there is flashover discharge trace on the porcelain
bottle and casing and check the actions of lightning counter, and make
recordings.
6
23 In case of strong wind, it is required to check the lightning rod, structure
firmness and deflection phenomenon; whether there is any object that is easily
blown for flying on site; and whether wire swing, vibration and joints are in
abnormal condition.
24 During high temperature season, inspection shall be focused on ventilation
and whether cooling equipment operates normally; whether oil level of the oil-
filled equipment is too high; whether the joints are hot; whether the line
temperature exceeds the prescribed value; and wire arc sag.
25 During cold season, it is required to check whether the measures for preventing
small animals from entering into the room are prefect; whether oil level of the oil-
filled equipment is too low; whether wire arc sag and wire tension are too tight;
and whether the pipeline is frost-cracked. In snowy days, it is required to check
whether there is severe snow cover, ice or snow melt when falling phenomenon
at the porcelain bottle, casing and pile head contact point.
26 In case of foggy days and light rain after long drought, the contamination degree
of the porcelain bottle and casing shall be inspected, and in the meanwhile,
whether flashover discharge phenomenon exists shall be checked. If the
temperature changes suddenly, it is required to check whether the oil-filled
equipment has oil leakage, whether the oil level is normal, and whether the
density meter of the equipment related to SF6 gas charging is in normal
condition.
27 Before the lightning season, it is required to check whether grounding resistance
in the station and lightning rod grounding resistance are qualified. All lightning
arresters in the station shall be pre-tested qualified and put into operation before
March 1 each year, and service stop for pre-run shall only be carried out after
October 31.
28 Defense against small animals, cold-proof and fire prevention work shall be
strengthened before the cold season. In addition, the cable trench cover shall be
intact, the entrance from the cable trench to the room shall be blocked and
isolated, doors and windows shall be tightened, and fire apparatus shall be
7
complete and intact.
23 Other seasonal preventions shall be made based on seasonal characteristics.
23 Switching Operation
23 Definition
0 Switching operation:
It is the general term of electrical equipment state transition, change of operating
and wiring mode of primary system, relay protection setting value adjustment, device
enabling and disabling, secondary circuit switch, automatic device switching,
switching test and other performed operations.
0 Equipment status:
0 Operating state: It refers to that both knife and switch of the equipment are
in the closed position to energize the circuit from the power supply to the
receiving end.
1 Hot standby state: It refers to that the equipment is turned off only by the
switch, while the knife still stays in the closed position.
2 Cold standby state: It refers to that both equipment switch and knife are in
the disconnected position.
3 Maintenance state: It refers to that all switches and knifes of the equipment
are disconnected, electricity is inspected, ground wire is hanged or
grounding switch is closed, nameplate is hanged and temporary barrier is
installed.
256 Basic principles of switching operation
Switching operation certificate is required for normal switching operation. The
operating personnel must be serious, conscientious, thoughtful and careful during order
taking, certificate filling, review and the whole operation process, and implement in strict
accordance with relevant switching operation regulations in the procedure and “Six Musts
and Eight Steps” for switching operation in east China.
Switching operation of all electrical equipment and auxiliary equipment thereof must
meet the following six basic requirements:
0 Dispatching operation command must be given by the shift leader who has
8
the right to release dispatching command (published on documents by the
dispatching unit), and the operator and guardian must be as a qualified
person approved and published by the company;
0 Primary and secondary equipment on site shall have clear signs,
including name, number, direction of rotation, special mark of switching
device and phase paint different from the phase;
1 Primary system simulation diagram, site operation procedure and relay
protection setting sheet shall be provided to be consistent with the
equipment on site;
2 In addition to accident handling, correct dispatching instructions and
qualified operation certificate (the approved typical operation certificate
is for reference only) shall be provided;
3 Unified, precise dispatching terms and operation terms shall be provided;
4 Qualified operational tools, safety equipment and facilities shall be
equipped.
The specific switching operation shall be implemented based on the following steps
(namely, Eight Steps):
0 The operator fills in the operation certificate correctly based on the
operating duty (operating steps) previously issued by the dispatcher;
1 Review the certificate and rehearse it correctly or review the
certificate correctly by technical measures;
2 Define the operational purposes and do dangerous point analysis and
pre-control before operation;
3 The dispatcher releases operational order and the release time officially;
4 The operator checks equipment name, number and status;
5 Call out the items on the certificate, repeat, monitor and operate item by
item as per the operation certificate, confirm equipment displacement
and add ticks on the certificate;
6 Report the end of operation and the time to the dispatcher;
7 Make records, ensure the simulation diagram to be consistent with
9
equipment status, and sign off the operation certificate.
0 Note: Items 5 and 6 are divided into two cases, i.e., site operation
and computer operation.
Recording shall be used during the entire process of switching operation.
Unified dispatching terms and operation terms shall be applied when receiving the
operating duty (including pre-released command) from the dispatcher, and repeating and
recording shall be carried out.
All centralized remote operations involving primary equipment shall be conducted by
three persons, among which one acts as shift operator for monitoring, one as assistant
shift operator for operation, and one as shift operator for correctness inspection on site,
such as actual indication of equipment status and meter changes. Two teams shall
always keep in touch during operation. Centralized remote operation shall be carried out
on the background by the shift operator. If the shift operator fails to operate on the
background, consent shall be obtained from the shift supervisor and section chief before
accessing to the site for operation.
When each operation step is completed, the monitor shall add a tick on the operation
certificate. After ticking on the operation certificate, the next operation content shall be
told to the operator.
All shift operators shall resolutely implement the dispatching instructions from the
shift supervisor, and such instructions shall not be unreasonably withheld. In case of any
doubt during the operation, operation shall be stopped immediately and the operating
task and contents shall not be changed without permission. It shall be reported to the
shift supervisor dispatcher, and operation shall be continued after dispelling the doubts. If
the shift supervisor issues wrong instruction, the mistake therein shall be put forward to
the shift supervisor. If the shift supervisor repeats the same instruction after serious
consideration, the shift operator shall implement it immediately. While the instructions
that may bring serious threats to the personnel and equipment can be rejected, and this
shall be promptly reported to the relevant leaders.
If electrical operation of the knife switch refuses opening and closing during operation,
contactor shall not be pressed and unblocking shall not be carried out randomly. Instead,
10
it shall be promptly reported to the section director and professional electrical
technicians. In the event of locking failure, consent must be obtained from the section
director and chief engineer before unlocking operation, and the name and status of the
equipment shall be rechecked before the unlocking operation.
0 Switching operation shall not be carried out in the following situations:
0 shift change;
1 system failure or abnormal;
2 lightning (Note: The switch can be remotely controlled during accident
handling).
1 The followings shall be paid attention to when performing necessary adjustments
on the system operation mode:
0 The mode shall be correct, rational and reliable upon operation mode
adjustment.
1 System voltage shall be normal, and transformer, busbar, switch and other
equipment shall not be over-loaded.
2 The protective device shall be changed correspondingly along with the
adjustment of the operation mode.
3 Accident handling shall be convenient and flexible.
4 The reliability of the adjusted auxiliary power supply shall be guaranteed.
5 Accident anticipation and solutions shall be planned under the adjusted
operation mode.
2 The following principles shall be observed when switching on and off the busbar
equipped with harmonic elimination device:
0 Busbar PT shall be turned off firstly before pulling open the busbar power
switch when switching off the busbar;
1 Busbar power switch shall be put into service before busbar PT during power
transmission.
3 System paralleling and splitting
0 Paralleling conditions:
0 Same phase position and phase sequence;
11
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frequency. (The allowable frequency difference shall not be greater than
0.5Hz)
ĀĀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀЀĀȀ⤀ĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀԀ1 Equal voltage.
(The allowable voltage difference shall not be greater than 10%)
23 Splitting operation:
23 Adjust the generator active power to zero and minimize the reactive power;
24 Consider the balance between active power and reactive power after
splitting;
25 Do all the preparatory work in advance and adequate accident anticipation
in case of isolated system operation.
0 Transmission line operating rules
0.0 When power is transmitted via lines, the knife switch at the power side shall be
pushed up, then the knife switch at the load side shall be pushed up, and finally,
the switch shall be closed. Blackout steps are in reverse order.
0.1 It is allowed to verify there is no voltage and push up the grounding knife switch
or install only when each side of the lines that may be energized stops the
service and is converted into cold standby state. Before removing all ground
wires on the line and pulling open all grounding knife switches, it is not allowed
to restore any potential energized part of the line into standby state.
0.2 When tie line is charged, it is usually powered to the line from the power grid,
with paralleling at the thermal power plant side.
0.3 Do and Undo of line reclosing shall be carried out as per dispatching command,
and reclosing shall be undone during charging. In general, reclosing shall be
done during line operation. In case of line outage, reclosing shall be undone
before disconnecting the switch.
0.4 Relay protection on & off regulations during line outage and power transmission:
4.0 Line outage: Secondary circuit does not work and protection is not undone.
If the secondary circuit works, it is required to convert the switch into hot
standby state and disconnect the protection and relevant pressing plates.
4.1 Power transmission: Switch protection and relevant pressing plates shall be
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used according to the rules before putting the switch back in use.
0 Switch between 400V auxiliary busbar working power supply and backup power
supply
Precautions for switching 400V busbar power supply:
0 Whether 400V busbar automatic transfer switch is in normal operation and
charged normally shall be checked before operation;
1 The busbar automatic transfer pressing plate on the switch panel of working power
supply and backup power supply shall be put into use, and the interlock switch
shall be switched to the "interlock" position;
2 It is required to contact the shift supervisor for permission and inform the relevant
disciplines before switching;
3 Sufficient accident anticipation shall be made before switching in order to prevent
the busbar from power failure;
4 Operation shall be carried out by two persons, with one staying before the power
switch to be closed and one staying before the power switch to be opened;
5 Interval shall be recognized for operation and the correctness of relevant switch
state shall be checked;
6 In the event of busbar automatic transfer failure or the backup power supply is
switched to the working power supply, the method of “opening before closing”
shall be applied for switching and loop closing is not allowed for switching;
7 The available capacity of 400V standby section shall be checked for whether
meeting the requirements before operation.
For example: Switching 400V Section-I busbar from the working power supply to the
backup power supply
0Check whether the state of 400V standby section is normal
1Check whether the hot standby of switch of backup power supply
Y4,Y6_1V1_UC for 400V Section-I busbar is in good condition
2Check whether the busbar automatic transfer switch of 400V Section-I busbar
is in good condition and whether it is charged normally
3Check whether the busbar automatic transfer pressing plate for 400V
13
Section-I busbar is normally used and whether the handle of busbar
automatic transfer switch is located at the “interlock” position
23 Pull open the switch of working power supply Y4,Y6_1V1_U3 of 400V
Section-I busbar
24 Check whether the busbar automatic transfer switch of 400V Section-I
busbar acts correctly and whether the switch of backup power supply
Y4,Y6_1V1_UC of 400V Section-I busbar is well closed.
Note:
If the switch of the backup power supply Y4,Y6_1V1_UC of 400V Section-I busbar is
not closed and the busbar automatic transfer switch does not work, the switch of working
power supply Y4,Y6_1V1_U3 of 400V Section-I busbar shall be immediately reclosed.
In addition, it shall be promptly reported to the shift supervisor and maintenance
personnel shall be contacted for inspection and treatment.
When 1# LV auxiliary transformer is operating, LV standby transformer is subject to
joint action for backup.
If it is required to cut the power of Y4,Y6-41T LV auxiliary transformer for
maintenance and switch the 400V Section-I busbar into LV standby transformer, the
following steps shall be taken:
23 Check whether the power supply of Y4,Y6-41T LV auxiliary transformer and
that of LV standby transformer belong to the same system and whether the
voltage is the same;
24 Check whether the LV standby transformer is in normal condition;
25 Unlocking the closing of 400V Section-I standby branch switch;
26 Close the switch at the HV side of LV standby transformer and check
whether the LV standby transformer is charged normally;
27 Close the 400V Section-I standby branch switch and inspect the on-load of
LV standby transformer;
28 Disconnect the switch at the LV side of Y4,Y6-41T LV auxiliary transformer
and check the load of Y4,Y6-41T LV auxiliary transformer to zero;
29 Disconnect the switch at the HV side of Y4,Y6-41T LV auxiliary transformer
14
and check its disconnected state;
23 Check whether the switch at the LV side of Y4,Y6-41T LV auxiliary
transformer is in the disconnected position;
24 Swing the switch at the LV side of Y4,Y6-41T LV auxiliary transformer to the
“maintenance” position for locking, and disconnect the operating power
supply thereof;
25 Check whether the switch at the HV side of Y4,Y6-41T LV auxiliary
transformer is disconnected, and swing this switch to the “test” position for
locking;
26 Disconnect the operating power supply of the switch at the HV side of Y4,Y6-
41T LV auxiliary transformer and remove the secondary plug thereof;
27 Pull out the protective pressing plate of Y4,Y6-41T LV auxiliary transformer;
28 Plan safety measures as per maintenance needs.
When the maintenance of Y4,Y6-41T LV auxiliary transformer is completed, the
steps for electricity restoration is as follows:
23 Check whether the work certificate of Y4,Y6-41T LV auxiliary transformer is
taken back and it is ready for power transmission.
24 Check whether all safety measures for Y4,Y6-41T LV auxiliary transformer
is removed;
25 Measure whether the insulation at the HV and LV side of Y4,Y6-41T LV
auxiliary transformer is qualified;
transformer is disconnected, and push this switch to the “test” position for
locking;
27 Install the secondary plug for the switch at the HV side of Y4,Y6-41T LV
auxiliary transformer, send its operating power supply and check whether
its protection is in normal condition;
28 Conduct normal switch pulling and closing test for the switch at the HV side
of Y4,Y6-41T LV auxiliary transformer;
15
transformer is in disconnected position, and disconnect the operating power
supply thereof;
0 Swing the switch at the HV side of Y4,Y6-41T LV auxiliary transformer to
the “operating” position for locking, and send the operating power supply;
transformer is in disconnected position, swing this switch to the “test”
position for locking, and send the operating power supply;
2 Conduct normal switch pulling and closing test for the switch at the LV side
of Y4,Y6-41T LV auxiliary transformer;
transformer is in disconnected position, and disconnect the operating power
supply thereof;
4 Swing the switch at the LV side of Y4,Y6-41T LV auxiliary transformer to the
“operating” position for locking, and send the operating power supply
thereof;
5 Check whether the power supply of Y4,Y6-41T LV auxiliary transformer and
that of LV standby transformer belong to the same system and whether the
voltage is the same;
6 Close the switch at the HV side of Y4,Y6-41T LV auxiliary transformer and
check whether Y4,Y6-41T LV auxiliary transformer is charged normally;
7 Close the switch at the LV side of Y4,Y6-41T LV auxiliary transformer and
check the on-load of Y4,Y6-41T LV auxiliary transformer;
8 Check whether the busbar automatic transfer switch operates normally;
9 Disconnect the 400V Section-I standby branch switch and check the load of
LV standby transformer to zero;
10 Disconnect the switch at the HV side of LV standby transformer and check
its disconnected state;
11 Locking the closing of 400V Section-I standby branch switch.
0 General Rules for Accident Handling
0 General provisions for accident handling
16
0 Quickly restrict the development of accident, eradicate the accident cause, and
remove the menace to the safety of personnel and equipment.
1 Keep equipment operation by taking all possible measures; first ensure the
supply of auxiliary power, and add load on generator units not affected by
accidents as necessary.
2 Keep or resume auxiliary power by trying everything possible, take emergent
measures for ensuring auxiliary power as necessary.
3 Keep paralleling operation between the auxiliary power and system as much as
possible.
4 Keep contact with the dispatcher.
5 Find out fault point and accident cause according to instrument reading and the
action of relay protection device and automatic device, and take measures
immediately to isolate fault point.
6 After accident handling finished, restore the standard operation mode of the
plant as possible.
7 In the event of an accident, shift operators not in the control room shall return to
the control room immediately (except those handle the accident), and execute
the instructions of directing staff quickly and correctly.
8 In case of an accident, the shift supervisor is the unified organizer and
commander responsible for handling the accident, all basic measures (like
changing the operation mode) to be taken shall be given or approved by the
shift supervisor and dispatcher.
9 In case an accident occurs during shift change when shift change procedures
has not finished, the previous shift staff shall be responsible for handling the
accident, while the next shift staff shall cooperate and assist the previous shift in
handling the accident, and shift change can only be made after the accident
handling finished for a certain time or after the equipment restore normal
operation.
ȀĀ⤀ĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀĀĀȀЀĀȀĀ⤀ĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀ0 Check and report after an

accident
Shift operator shall briefly report the accident (protection action and switch trip) to the
17
shift supervisor who shall command the accident handling, and the operator on duty and
workshop section leader; the shift supervisor shall summon personnel concerned to
participate in accident handling.
Record carefully the abnormal time caused by the accident, signal displayed in alarm
window, action of drop relay, switch trip, indication of current, voltage and distant
thermometer, and check carefully the print log of oscillograph and recorder, so as to
preliminarily decide the fault nature. Signals can not be reset without check and approval
of the shift supervisor.
Staff concerned shall arrive at the scene immediately to check the equipment, and
further analyze and decide the accident nature according to check results. Report in
detail the check results to dispatcher on duty.
During accident handling, the shift operator shall stick to his post, keep the
equipment in right operation mode by focusing his attention, execute the instructions of
shift supervisor swiftly and correctly; Only after receiving shift supervisor’s instruction or
when there is apparent and direct danger to the safety of personnel and equipment,
could the shift operator stop equipment operation or leave the dangerous equipment.
If an accident occurs during shift change, then the shift change shall be stopped
immediately, the previous shift staff shall be responsible for handling the accident, the
next shift staff shall assist the accident handling, and the shift change cannot be made
before the accident handling finished or before order of superior leaders received.
During accident handling, irrelevant persons other than the shift operator and
relevant leaders shall not enter in the accident site and control room, irrelevant persons
previously entered in shall quit actively in order not to hamper the accident handling.
Shift supervisor shall be the commander for accident handling, and the shift foreman
(chief shift operator) shall be the principal for on-site accident handling. The shift foreman
(chief shift operator) shall execute the instructions of dispatcher quickly and without argue,
and report in time the accident signs and handling process to the shift supervisor. In case the
shift operator consider the shift supervisor’s instruction is not correct, he shall point out and
give necessary explanation; if the shift supervisor confirms his instruction is correct, the shift
foreman shall execute immediately. If the shift supervisor’s instruction threatens
18
the safety of personnel or equipment, then in no event shall the shift operator execute
such instruction, and shall report the particular case to the chief engineer and execute his
instruction.
During accident handling, if the workshop section leader (technical director) is on the
scene, he shall watch the shift operator in accident handling, provide help if necessary,
but shall not conflict with the instruction of shift supervisor; he can remove the shift
operator from his position if he believes he is incompetent and appoint another to handle
the accident instead, but he must contact and inform the shift supervisor and dispatcher
and make record.
In handling an accident, you must act quickly and correctly as per instructions, do not be
panic. The shift operator, upon receiving an accident handling instruction, must repeat the
instruction to the sender; if the instruction is unclear or if the shift operator does not
understand the instruction, he shall inquiry the sender and make it clear. After executing the
instruction, he shall report to the sender immediately. If the next order for accident handling
must be based on the execution of the previous order, then the receiver of the previous order
must report the execution of order in person, report by a others is prohibited. Make record on
the sequencing of accident handling and related phenomena.
In case of an accident of the primary electrical system, it shall be reported to the
dispatchers on duty immediately; shift supervisor and electrical attendant shall execute
all orders of dispatchers on duty regarding accident handling; however, if orders of the
dispatcher directly threat the safety of personnel and equipment, such orders shall not be
executed and the conditions shall be explained; causes for not executing the orders shall
be recorded and reported to superior leaders.
5888 To prevent the extension of accident, following emergency operations may be
executed immediately without the permission of dispatcher, including:
5888 Cut power of and isolate the equipment directly threatens the life safety of
personnel.
5889 Restore auxiliary power or implement measures for ensuring auxiliary power
in emergency.
5890 Disconnect switch on the busbar if there is no voltage on the busbar.
19
5888 In case of strong oscillation or desynchronizing of generator, conduct
generator splitting as per procedures.
5889 Isolate the damaged equipment.
0 Shift operator shall handle accident according to following requirements:
0 Comprehensively diagnose an accident according to meter indications, visual
annunciator signals, relay protection action, drop relay action and external signs
of equipment.
1 In case of a threat to the safety of personnel and equipment, such threat must
be removed immediately, and equipment be stopped as necessary; otherwise, it
shall keep or restore the normal operation of equipment as possible.
2 Check quickly and decide by test the nature, location and extent of fault.
3 Keep the operation of equipment not damaged.
4 To prevent the extension of accident, do report each stage of accident handling
to the shift supervisor quickly and correctly.
5 Carefully monitor meter and signal indication and make detailed record; all
telephone connection shall be recorded, and the accident handling process shall
be recorded carefully and correctly.
6 In handling an accident, be quick, correct and decisive, do not panic; do
strictly implement relevant procedures regarding receiving order, repeating
order, reporting, sound recording and recording; use unified dispatching terms
and operational terms.
7 Work certificate and operation certificate may not be used during accident handling.
But, after isolating a fault, the work certificate and operation certificate system shall
be strictly implemented if there is sufficient time available.
8 During accident handling, if the switch cannot be disconnected, it may
disconnect the switch of the higher level power supply; for switch refuses to
close or refuses to open, power on is not permitted without proper handling.
9 In case of a single-phase earth fault of system, directly removal of earth point
with disconnecting link is prohibited.
10 In case of fault tripping of unit auxiliary transformer and backup power fails to
20
automatically switch on, forced switch on of backup power may be conducted
for once; in case there is no backup power, and the check results indicates it is
not main protection action and there is no impact before trip, forced switch on of
unit auxiliary transformer may be conducted for once. If joint switch on of
backup power is unsuccessful, then unit auxiliary transformer and backup
auxiliary transformer shall not be power on forcibly, and the operation of
equipment can only be restored after causes are discovered.
5888 If malfunction of protection results in power failure of some equipment, then
protection against malfunction shall be disabled, power supply to the equipment
with power cut shall be restored and maintenance department shall be
informed to check and handle the malfunction of protection.
0 Principle for restoring power supply to tripped equipment
0 During accident handling, confidently and reasonably forced power on and trial
power on to faultily tripped equipment is an effective method for quickly handling
accident, and the method of raising voltage from zero and measuring the
insulation is more reliable. What kind of method to use shall be determined by
the shift operator as the case may be.
1 Provisions for forced power on:
Forced power on refers to power on by forcibly switching on after equipment trip
and without check. Forced power on shall be conducted immediately under
following circumstances:
0 When working power supply trips, backup power fails to switch on
automatically;
1 Trip due to accidentally touch or switch out and without fault symbols, and
it is certain that there is no threat to the safety of personnel and equipment;
2 Switch trip of work auxiliary units serve as standby with each other, while
the backup auxiliary unit fails to switch in.
2 Provisions for trial power on:
Trial power on refers to trial switch on operation after an equipment trip, with only
external check and analysis and judgment according to the action of protective
21
device and without internal check or even without external check (in the case of
line trip). Forced power on shall be conducted immediately under following
circumstances:
0 Trip of protection device without accident signs, it is certain that it is
malfunction of protective device;
0 Trip of backup protection action, which can be checked from outside or no
need of outside check after removal of fault (to be decided according to
load condition and dispatching order);
1 In conducting forced power on and trial power on, the shift operator shall
pay attention to the following matters:
2 Observe the response of meters.
3 Forced power on and trial power on of auxiliary power system shall first
use backup power supply;
4 Avoid using adjacent working power supply to conduct forced power on or
trial power on;
5 If possible, reduce the operation time limit of relay protection before trial
power on;
0 Forced power on and trial power on can be conducted for only once.
0 Guidelines for Handling of Typical Accident
0 Accident handling for abnormal system voltage:
When busbar voltages at all levels exceed or drop below the allowable change range
specified by this procedure, the electrical shift operator shall adjust generator excitation
and reduce reactive power output by himself without waiting for the order of power
system dispatcher; and, according to the practical conditions, cooperate the adjustment
by adjusting the gears of the tapping point of interconnecting transformer to restore the
busbar voltages to allowable change range. If the generator is already up to its full load
and the interconnecting transformer is at its highest gear while the busbar voltages is still
lower than the allowable range, it shall be reported to the grid dispatcher to handle.
When the overload is removed by reducing the generator excitation current, the
generator voltage shall not be lower than 9.9KV.
22
When voltage of auxiliary system drops to below 9.9KV which affects the safe
operation of auxiliary power, it shall contact the dispatcher and request splitting of unit.
0 Accident handling in respect of system splitting and loss of voltage of busbar
512 Splitting of thermal power plant electrical system from cement factory system:
Try to keep unit operation with auxiliary power. Electrical shift operator shall
strengthen the voltage adjustment of thermal power plant, and connect the generator unit
into the grid system after turbine and boiler adjustment finished and reached stable
condition. Strengthen contact between shift operators of thermal power plant and cement
plant.
Trip of interconnection switch between the system and grid: When the power plant
system operates in an isolated grid, the voltage cycle wave of the company system will
fluctuate depending on the exchange capacity of interconnection line, at such
circumstances, the shift operator shall adjust the voltage in time to ensure that the
system operates at specified range; and shall adjust operation mode and connect the
unit to grid system after turbine and boiler adjustment finished and reached stable
condition. Strengthen contact between shift operators of thermal power plant and cement
plant. Find out the reasons for switch trip of interconnection line, contact the superior
power grid dispatching department to check relevant primary and secondary equipment
of the Company, and request contact person of Taidiao to inspect 150 kv line.
In case of a trip of busbar power switch resulting in loss of voltage of busbar,
regardless whatever the condition may be, the shift operator shall first disconnect all
switches on the busbar which may have possible incoming electricity, at the same time
restore the auxiliary power affected.
In case of a power cut due to busbar fault, it shall be handled as per following
principles:
0 Immediately cut off the power of busbar to conduct external inspection, and
report the inspection results to shift supervisor and execute his orders.
1 Do not conduct forced power on without checking the fault busbar in case
extension of accident.
2 Quickly isolate the fault point after finding it out, and quickly power on the
23
busbar with voltage loss. If possible, it may consider to use external
(unimportant) power supply to power on the busbar with voltage loss.
0 If a fault point cannot be isolated quickly after its discovery, it shall contact
persons concerned to handle quickly.
1 Strictly check the load of busbar and the power distribution equipment.
0 Transformers, mutual inductor accident handling
In case switch trip due to transformer protection action, it shall check the protection
action, check the outside of transformer to see if there is obvious fault point; if check
results prove that it was not the internal fault of transformer that resulted in the switch
trip, instead it was the secondary circuit fault of protection device, then the transformer
may be again put into operation upon the approval of the chief engineer and shift
supervisor. Otherwise, is shall be checked and tested to find out the reason of trip. In
case there are signs of transformer internal fault, the transformer shall not be powered on
before the fault reasons discovered and fault removed.
In case of a fire of transformer, it shall first disconnect switches on both sides, stop
the cooler and put out the fire with fire extinguishing apparatus quickly. If oil spilled on the
header of transformer catches fire, it shall open the oil drain valve to drain oil to a proper
oil level, then it shall put out the fire with fire extinguishing apparatus. However, if a fire is
caused by internal fault of transformer, then it shall not drain the oil in case explosion of
transformer.
In case of following severely abnormal phenomenon during transformer operation,
besides reporting to shift supervisor in time, the chief shift operator may instruct to open
the switches on both sides of transformer to forcibly quit the transformer; but it shall
immediately report to the shift supervisor and superior leader in detail after the accident.
0 There is strong explosion sound and serious discharging sound inside the
transformer;
1 Pressure relief device sprays oil of discharges smoke outside;
2 Serious discharge causes rapid drop of oil level to below the lower limit of
oil level gauge;
3 The transformer bushing is badly damaged or there is discharge and
24
flashover phenomenon;
0 Transformer catches a fire.
Handling of pressure relief valve action:
23 Check whether there is oil spraying;
24 Check the protection action, gas signal action, and gas relay action;
25 Check whether the main transformer oil temperature and winding
temperature are normal;
26 Check whether the pressure relief valve moves by mistake; and do not try to
power on before the reason is discovered. When transformer release pressure
reaches 0.07MPa, it will act, an alarm will be given by extruding of
indication rod, and the alarm can only be cleared by manually restore the
indication rod. After action of pressure relief valve, it shall report to the shift
supervisor and workshop section leader immediately.
Handling of transformer differential protection action
23 Check the protection action and make record; check all electrical
equipment connected within the range of differential protection for apparent
failure phenomenon like short circuit, flashover, etc.
24 Check gas relay for gas, check pressure relief valve for action, oil spraying;
25 If check results prove that there is no obvious fault phenomenon within the
range of differential protection and there is no fault message on fault
recorder; and gas check proves that there is no internal fault inside the
transformer, and if the system is in urgent for power transmission, trial
power on may be conducted for once;
26 Trial power on of main transformer must be approved by the chief engineer.
27 Trial power on is prohibited in case the differential protection and gas
protection act simultaneously, at such time, it must cut off power to check
equipment and handle the accident.
In case an abnormal of voltage transformer which may develop into an accident at
any time, it may not operate the high voltage side knife switch of the voltage transformer
at a close range; it may not parallel the secondary winding of this voltage transformer to
25
that of a voltage transformer in normal operation; it may not disable the differential
protection of the bus/line in which the voltage transformer is connected. But it may open
the high voltage knife switch with remote control, or cut off the power with switch to
isolate the faulted voltage transformer.
23 Handling of circuit accident
In case of line trip (including trip of section switch), regardless whether the re-closing
of switch succeeds or not, the shift operator shall report to the shift supervisor about the
action of switch, and check the appearance of relevant equipment in the circuit (switches,
knife switches, current transformer, voltage transformer, etc.) and report the check results
to the shift supervisor.
Make record after a switch trip, check whether the switch has reached the allowable
fault clearing times, decide if a forced power on is permitted, if it is required to disable
reclosure, and report to the shift supervisor.
23 Handling of busbar accident
In case of a power cut due to busbar accident, the shift shall immediately report the
switch trip to the shift supervisor, conduct visual inspection on the busbar with power cut,
and report the inspection result to the shift supervisor immediately. If it is impossible to
contact the dispatcher due to communication outage, it cannot restore power supply
unauthorized before finding out the fault point; If the fault point is found out and isolated
quickly, and if it is confirmed that the busbar is free of trouble after isolation, then power
supply may be recovered for the busbar.
In case of power-loss of busbar, the shift operator may open the switch of the busbar with
power-loss by himself and report to the dispatcher.
23 Typical accident of auxiliary power and handling
Under normal operation mode, working power protection action of certain section of
11KV trips.
23 Phenomenon:
0 Occurring of failure sound alarm, relevant alarm signal and message;
1 Trip of working power switch in faulted busbar section, and flash of
backstage switch position change signal;
26
0 Action of corresponding protection, inaction of fast switching device;
1 Voltmeter indication of faulted busbar is zero, busbar voltage losses;
2 Low voltage protection of high-voltage motor connected to the faulted
busbar acts, part motors trip, and the automatic transfer switch of the
corresponding 400V busbar may act.
0 Handling:
0 Notice relevant professional attendant and inform him about the power-
losing of 11kV busbar; forced power on of the tripped motor is
prohibited;
1 Clear the sound and confirm alarm;
2 Check whether the automatic transfer switch of the corresponding 400V
busbar acts correctly, if the switch of corresponding backup power
closes correctly;
3 If the corresponding backup power switch does not act correctly, it shall
be closed manually on site.
4 After power supply of 400V busbar restored, reset relevant motor
controller immediately;
5 Inform the shift supervisor that power supply has been restored.
6 Find out the reasons for power-losing of busbar according to the
protection action, and report to the shift supervisor;
7 Carefully check the primary and secondary equipment on site according
to the protection action;
8 Check whether it is the failure to operate of load fault switch that results in
override trip. If it is found out that a certain load has protection action
indication but the switch refuses to operate, it shall try to disconnect this
load switch and shake it to “test” position to charge the busbar for once,
and restore normal operation after returning to normal.
9 If no fault point is discovered, it shall report to the shift supervisor to
isolate the busbar; after measurement of busbar isolation is qualified,
try to power on the busbar for once. After trial power on of busbar
27
succeeds, conduct insulation measurement of load branch one by
one, power on these load branches upon insulation measurements
qualified.
23 After the power supply of busbar restored, it shall notice shift
supervisor and relevant professional attendants to comprehensively
check the equipment operation condition.
24 If power supply of the 11KV busbar cannot be restored in a short period of
time, it shall try to ensure the corresponding sections of 400V
busbar and the carried load can operate normally.
23 Precautions for the Operation of Isolated Company Power Grid
During operation of isolated power grid, start of big power (＞300KW) auxiliary
machinery must be approved by the shift supervisor and dispatcher; in case fail to start of
motor would affect the system operation and safety, it must be approved by the leaders
of Production Department and the thermal power plant; start of more than two sets of
large power motor is strictly prohibited.
Operators shall closely watch the control panels to monitor operation parameters
(especially ensure that: Cosφ＜0.9, Ug=10.5+5%, f=50+0.5Hz).
Strictly control the change of f which shall be within 50+0.5Hz, and shall not be less
than 49.5Hz; change of Ug shall be within +2% of the rated value, and not exceed 5% at
maximum; these shall be able to adjust according to the change of operation parameters;
notice the system trend changes and be prepared for various accident scenarios.
Power factor Cosφ shall vary within 0.85—0.9, in no event shall it be more than 0.9.
Power factor Cosφ of unit 1# shall remain constant.
When drop of Ug exceeds -6% of the rated value, emergent power cut shall be
conducted (executed as per the order of dispatcher), if the value cannot return to normal
2—3 minutes after power cut, splitting shall be conducted immediately. Keep operation
under auxiliary power and notice dispatcher.
28
2.Operation Procedures for Generator
2.1.Start and Stop Operation of Generator
23 Starting state of generator
There are three states before start of generator, namely, maintenance, cold standby,
and hot standby.
23 Maintenance state refers to the state of generator in the process of
maintenance, all power supply (including generator outgoing line, excitation
system, mutual inductor) and all operation power supply are disconnected, and
relevant maintenance specific safety precautions are provided;
24 Cold standby refers to the state when maintenance work has completed,
relevant maintenance specific safety precautions have been removed,
permanent barriers and permanent warning signs have been restored, and the
generator is ready to start.
25 Hot standby refers to the state when all equipment are ready for operation
(including, isolation switches of equipment supposed to be put into operation are
pushed on, relevant switch and knife switch of the primary and secondary side
of voltage transformer, excitation system are closed, operation power supply is
on), except that the switch on the outlet side of generator is not closed.
23 Check before start
23 Start of generator shall have the order of shift supervisor.
24 Before start of generator, all work certificates concerning the generator main
machine and accessory equipment shall be withdrawn; earth wire, short-circuit
wire and other safety precautions shall be removed completely, and permanent
barriers shall be restored. The surroundings of generator unit are clean and free
of sundries hampering the operation.
25 Generator and various meters shall be clean, complete; outgoing busbar and
copper bar at the neutral point shall be free of ground short.
26 Surfaces of main switch, main knife switch, and voltage transformer of generator
shall be clean; copper bar prop porcelain bottle at the outlet of generator shall be
intact and free of crack, and wiring shall be firm.
29
23 Relay protection, automatics shall be complete and put into operation as
required; protection functions shall be complete, set value are correctly checked,
press plate shall be in right position, meters shall be complete, AC an DC circuits
shall be complete.
24 Power unit, regulating cabinet of excitation system hall be free of abnormalities;
AC an DC circuits are complete, screws of magnetic blow-out switch shall be
free of loose, wiring is firm, de-excitation resistance shall be intact, system
equipment shall be free of abnormalities, excitation circuit shall be clean and free
of dirt, excitation chamber shall be stable and normal, and air conditioner shall
be put into operation as required.
25 Excitation end of generator shall be clean and free of dirt, slip ring surface shall
be clean and free of discoloring, excitation carbon brush shall be in good
condition, slip ring and carbon brush shall contact closely.
26 Equipment of generator air cooling system shall be free of abnormalities, and
measuring meters shall be complete and intact.
27 Before start of generator, it shall measure the insulation resistance of stator
winding, excitation circuit and rotor.
28 The starting site of generator shall be provided with enough fire extinguishing
installations.
29 Neutral earthing devices of booster transformer shall be normal.
30 Equipment status displayed on electric background monitoring panels shall be
normal and free of abnormal alarm signal, and equipment shall be in good
communication condition.
31 Insulation resistance shall meet relevant provisions.
32 Before start of generator and after stop of generator, it shall measure the
insulation resistance of stator, rotor (including excitation circuit), results of each
measurement together with the measuring date, measuring temperature shall be
recorded in the insulation resistance log book; in case of disqualification of
insulation standard, it shall be reported to the shift supervisor and department
manager. In case generator shutdown is no more than 12 hours and there is no
30
maintenance work required for the primary circuit, it shall be measured for only
once after stop of generator.
23 Generator stator insulation resistance shall be measured with a 2500 v
megameter, the measured value shall be no less than 1MΩ/kV under hot state,
no less than 2 MΩ/kV under cold state, and the measured results shall be
compared with the results previously measured; it is disqualified if the result is
1/3~1/5 less than the previous result. The generator stator system shall also
have absorption ratio measured, it is qualified when R60/R15 is no less than 1.3.
Rotor circuit shall be measured with a 500 v megameter, the measured value
shall be no less than 5MΩ. (Cold state and hot state of generator shall be
divided as per 50% of the rated temperature)
24 Excitation circuit of generator shall be measured with a 500 v megameter, the
measured value shall be no less than 0.5MΩ. Insulation pad of bearing and oil
tube shall be measured with a 1000 v megameter, the measured value shall be
no less than 1MΩ.
25 Megohm meter shall not be used to measure the phase to phase insulation of
silicon rectifier and silicon controlled rectifier device.
Note: In case generator shutdown is no more than 12 hours and there is no
maintenance work required, it may not measure the insulation resistance.
0 Conditions required before start of steam generator
0 Seal oil system shall be put into operation.
1 Air cooler shall be put into operation normally.
2 Measure and record ground resistance of stator, rotor, excitation circuit, voltage
transformer, and bearing, etc., and phase to phase insulation resistance which
shall be qualified.
1 Conduct comprehensive check before start of generator, it shall meet the
following requirements:
0 Various parts of generator unit shall be clean, wiring shall be secure and correct,
and the main shaft shall be well grounded.
1 Surroundings of bearing insulation pad shall be clean and free of metal
31
short-circuit.
0 Measuring instruments shall be complete and intact.
1 Wiring and set value of relay protection device shall be complete and correct.
2 Relevant control switches on protection screen of generator-transformer are in
correct position with correct indication, and there is no abnormalities and alarm
messages.
5888 Test before start of generator
5888 With control and protective DC power supply for generator-transformer
switched on, test if the audio, signal and background statuses are correct.
5889 Before test, request instrument professionals to change DEH into electric test
mode.
5890 Test the gate out switch of generator-transformer unit, incoming switch of
auxiliary power, and switches of excitation circuit, switches shall be opened and
closed normally and correctly.
5891 Conduct entire protection action test, including trip of the gate out switch of
generator-transformer unit, trip of magnetic blow-out switch, and close main
throttle valve test.
5892 Conduct forced excitation test.
5889 Operations of returning to standby state of the generator:
5888 Take back signboards, remove safety devices, and measure the insulation of
generator stator and rotor which shall be qualified;
5889 Check protection and automatic device, protection press plate, power supply
of automatic quasi-synchronizing device which shall be correctly put into
operation;
5890 Check whether the magnetic blow-out switch is at off position;
5891 Check whether the PT knife switch of generator excitation is at opening
position, if the primary fuse is in place;
5892 Close the generator outlet PT knife switch;
5893 Check if the PT knife switch of generator excitation is at opening position, if
the primary fuse is in place;
5894 Close the PT knife switch of generator excitation;
32
0.0 Close the AC and DC power supply switch of microcomputer excitation
regulator, switch the microcomputer excitation regulator to “automatic”, “remote”
control mode;
0.1 Check if the outlet main switch of generator-transformer unit is indeed at
opening position;
0.2 Close the outlet disconnector of generator, switch on of which shall operate
normally;
0.3 Switch on the operational power supply for the outlet switch of generator-
transformer unit;
0.4 Power on energy storage power for the outlet switch of generator-transformer
unit, check if the energy storage is normal.
0 Start of generator
0 Before impulse starting of steam generator, air cooler shall be put into operation
(in case of low environmental temperature, it can also be put into operation after
start of generator to prevent moisture condensation).
1 Upon impulse starting of generator, the generator and various equipment
connected to it are considered to be electrified, and operation and test on the
circuit shall be provided with corresponding safety measures and have work
certificate obtained.
2 When the generator speed reaches 1500 rpm, shift operator shall
comprehensively check various parts of generator and excitation system, check
if vibration and noise of generator are normal, check the excitation carbon brush
for beating, jamming, and poor contact. Check various parts of generator for
mechanical friction and local heating.
3 When the generator speed reaches rated speed of 3000 rpm, shift operator
shall check the excitation control cabinet, excitation circuit, magnetic blow-out
switch, excitation regulator to see if these operate normally, and be free of alarm
signal and fault; After the generator reaches rated speed and the shift
supervisor gives paralleling order, paralleling can be conducted.
1 Synchronization of generator
33
1) Conditions for synchronization and paralleling of generator
23 Generator frequency shall be equal to system frequency;
24 Generator voltage shall be equal to system voltage;
25 Generator phase shall be equal to system phase;
26 Generator phase sequence shall be equal to system phase sequence;
After major and minor repairs or the circuit to be synchronized is working, the phase
sequence must be checked and shall be correct before synchronization and paralleling
operation can be conducted.
For generator paralleling, we use automatic quasi-synchronization mode. Generator
step-up can use either of automatic step-up or manual step-up.
23 Precautions for paralleling with automatic quasi-synchronization:
23 Selector switch of automatic quasi-synchronizing device shall be at correct
position, under automatic distant synchronization state: SZK handle shall
be at automatic quasi-synchronization position, JYK handle at remote
position, 1TK,2TK,ZK,WYK handles at quit position; On-site automatic
quasi-synchronizing state: SZK handle shall be at automatic quasi-
synchronization position, JYK handle at in-situ position; if it is objective 1,
then 1TK,ZK handles shall be at switch on position, and 2TK,WYK handles
at quit position; Now press the start synchronization button and wait the
synchronization device to complete synchronization; after synchronization
completed, press stop synchronization button.
23 Signal light indication of synchronization device and its circuit shall be
correct;
24 Notice the automatic adjustment of generator speed;
25 Notice if there is impulse current during paralleling of generator;
26 Stop automatic quasi-synchronization device in case the device cannot
start, signal indication of device is incorrect or poor synchronization
blocking.
27 Reset synchronization device after use.
23 Paralleling sequence of generator with manual quasi-synchronization
34
23 Check the automatic quasi-synchronizing device for abnormalities;
24 Switch the SZK handle of automatic quasi-synchronizing device to
“manual” position;
25 Switch the 1TK, ZK handles of automatic quasi-synchronizing device to “put
into” position, 2TK,WYK handles to quit position;
0 Switch the JYK handle of automatic quasi-synchronizing device to “in-situ”
position;
1 Manually select the outlet switch of generator-transformer unit;
2 Check the synchronization meter for abnormalities;
3 Inform the steam turbine professionals to prepare for manual adjustment;
4 Manually adjust generator voltage, frequency according to indication of
synchronization meter;
5 Check the phase indication of synchronization meter;
6 Adjust voltage, frequency on both sides of generator-transformer unit
switch to the same, press start synchronization “QA” button when it is
closing to the synchronization point (6~10 degrees in advance);
7 Reset automatic quasi-synchronizing device.
0 Precautions for paralleling with manual quasi-synchronization:
0 Strictly comply with synchronization conditions, difference between
generator voltage and system voltage shall not exceed specified value,
generator frequency shall be equal to system frequency;
1 Do not close switch when pointer of synchronization meter stops, jumps or
turns quickly at the zero position;
2 Continuous operation of synchronization meter shall exceed 20 minutes.
3 After normal operation achieved, adjust voltage, frequency on generator
side to slightly higher than that on the system side;
4 Reset synchronization device after use.
0 Generator step-up
0 Check items for step-up:
0 Current indication of the three phases of stator shall close to zero and be
35
balanced.
0 The three phase voltages of stator shall be balanced.
1 No-load excitation current shall not exceed the specified value.
0 Stop and check the generator in case of any of the following circumstances
during Generator no-load step-up process:
0 Current indication of the three phases of stator is too large;
1 The three phase voltages of stator is not balanced;
2 Uf0, If0 increase to the rated value, while stator voltage is less than the
rated value;
3 Protection action or alarm signal of generator-transformer unit occurs
during step-up process;
4 Other abnormalities of generator-transformer unit occur.
1 Pay attention to the following points in case of step-up of generator from zero:
0 Adjust the operation wiring and conduct necessary switching operation to
put generator and equipment tested into a same independent system.
(Close the main knife switch of generator, unlock the interlocked trip
deexcitation main switch before close the generator main switch.)
1 Check and ensure that the tested equipment do not carry voltage.
2 Use manual excitation mode.
3 Close the neutral point earthing knife-switch before step-up operation.
4 Conduct step-up slowly and closely monitor the three phase current
indication which shall all be zero.
5 During step-up, if the current meters of the three phases of stator have
indication, the three phase voltages are unbalanced or the voltages cannot
rise, it shall stop the step-up operation and reduce the voltage to zero;
step-up can be started again only when the problem is discovered.
6 When voltage is increased to the rated value and keeps stable for three
minutes without abnormalities, then the equipment is considered as normal
and in good condition.
36
5888 Paralleling of generator:
5888 Check if the AC, DC power supply of excitation control cabinet are normal;
5889 Check the excitation system for abnormal alarm;
5890 Check if excitation control cabinet is in normal condition;
5891 Check if the excitation control cabinet is in “automatic”, “remote” control mode;
5892 Close power switch for initial excitation;
5893 Close magnetic blow-out switch, check if the switch can be properly closed
(After closing of de-excitation switch, put into operation of generator protection
press plate against “excitation system fault ”, “excitation loss”, “steam turbine
fault”, “shutdown”);
5894 Put into operation of excitation device, check if the background indication is
correct;
5895 Check if the current of the three phases of the stator are close to zero;
5896 Check if the generator outlet voltage is increased to the rated value;
5897 Adjust the generator voltage to meet paralleling requirements.
5898 Paralleling sequence of generator with automatic quasi-synchronization:
5899 Check the automatic quasi-synchronizing device for abnormalities;
5900 Switch the SZK handle of automatic quasi-synchronizing device to
“automatic” position, check if the position is correct.
5901 Switch the 1TK, ZK handles of automatic quasi-synchronizing device to "put into
operation" position, 2TK,WYK handles to quit position; check if the positions are
correct.
0 Switch the JYK handle of automatic quasi-synchronizing device to “remote”
position;
1 At the comprehensive automatic background, select sending “synchronization
request” toward steam turbine speed control system.
2 Check if the “synchronization permitted” alarm window in the synchronization
monitoring screen is on.
3 Select “close xx generator-transformer unit switch” in synchronization monitoring
screen.
37
0 Check and make sure automatic quasi-synchronizing device starts normally, and
monitor the paralleling process.
1 After checking and confirming that generator-transformer unit switches are
indeed in close position, inform the steam turbine operator that “generator
paralleling has completed”;
0 Provisions for receiving and carrying load by generator:
0 After paralleling of generator, it shall receive and carry part load no more than
10% of rated load at most, warming up of generator shall be conducted for 15
minutes at 6MW, for 30 minutes at 30MW, and no less than 1 hour at full load.
1 Increasing speed of generator is depended on the steam turbine. Generator
current increase speed is not limited under hot state and accident state.
1 Splitting and stop of generator
0 Operation principles for splitting and stop of generator:
0 Reduce gradually the active and reactive load of generator set;
1 Check and make sure the active and reactive load of generator set are
reduced to zero;
2 Disconnect the generator main switch (notice the currents of the three
phase of generator stator shall be reduced to zero);
3 Inform the heat machine operator that the generator has been splitted;
4 Press the demagnetizing button to reduce the stator voltage to the
minimum value;
5 Press excitation exit button.
6 Open MK switch and check switch position (Before open of MK switch, quit
protection press plate against “excitation system fault ”, “excitation loss”,
“steam turbine fault”, “shutdown”);
0 Disconnect the operation power supply, energy storage power supply of
generator main switch;
1 Open the generator outlet knife switch;
0 Generator stop sequence:
0 Before reducing the generator load to 10MW, switch the working power
38
supply of 11kV busbar to backup power (start the diesel generator) and let
the generator operate at auxiliary power;
0 Slowly reduce the active and reactive power of generator to zero;
1 Open the switch of generator-transformer unit;
2 Inform that the turbine has been split;
3 Press excitation exit button.
4 Open de-excitation switch and check switch position (Before open
de-excitation switch, quit protection press plate against “excitation system
fault ”, “excitation loss”, “steade-excitationm turbine fault”, “shutdown”);
13. Change the generator to cold standby
The followings are steps for changing the generator to cold standby, it can be
conducted with work certificate as required.
0 Check and make sure the generator-transformer unit switch is at “open”
position, disconnect the small switch of switching on power supply;
1 Open the generator PT and excitation transformer knife switch, remove the
secondary loop fuse;
2 Open the small switch of power supply for generator-transformer unit control,
signal and excitation control circuit.
3 Precautions for stop of generator:
4 Splitting and stop of generator must have the order of shift supervisor;
5 When reducing generator load, it shall be done in cooperation with turbine and
boiler operators;
6 After splitting and stop of generator completed, it shall measure and record the
insulation resistance as required;
7 Test items are same as what required before start, except speed control system
and communication signal.
8 Check the circuit after splitting of generator-transformer unit.
2.2 Normal Operation of Generator
0 Provisions for generator operation
0 Rated power of generator refers to the continuous output power of generator at
39
rated frequency, rated voltage, rated power factor and rated cooling medium.
0 Maximum continuous output of generator refers to the maximum allowable
continuous load of generator at maximum cooling medium pressure, minimum
temperature, and at rated values for other parameters.
0 Provisions for operation of generator at variable parameters:
0 When generator power factor is at rated value, voltage variation is within ±5%,
frequency variation within ±2%, the allowable continuous output power,
maximum allowable voltage of generator shall not be more than 110% of rated
value, and less than 90% of rated value.
1 When voltage variation is within ±5%, frequency variation within +3% to -5%,
the generator is still allowed to output power, but such working condition shall be
no more than 10 times a year, and no more than 8 hours for each.
2 When generator operates with changing power factor, it shall monitor the stator
current and rotor current, neither of which shall exceed the allowable value
under the inlet air temperature at the moment.
3 Generally power factor of generator shall not exceed 0.95 of that of late phase.
4 During generator operation, the four groups of air cooler shall all be put into
operation. If one of these quits operation, the generator is permitted to operate
at 70% rated load, and temperature at various parts shall be monitored which
shall not exceed the allowable value.
5 Generator is not allowed to operate with excitation loss for long time; in case of
short time operation with excitation loss, the generation load shall be reduced to
prevent temperature rising in any part exceeding the allowable value.
1 Monitor, check and adjustment during generator operation
0 Readings of all electric meters of generator shall be recorded at least once every
hour; inlet air temperature and outlet air temperature of stator winding and stator
iron core of generator shall be checked once every hour, and recorded once every
two hours. In case of special requirements, the meter reading time may be
shortened; It shall mainly monitor the system control panel, and view other panels
regularly to monitor the equipment operation and adjust parameters as
40
necessary.
Ȁ⤀ĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀĀȀ⤀ĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀ0 It shall monitor the
insulation of generator rotor circuits regularly during operation. Check of bearing
insulation shall be conducted after major and minor repair of unit.
Ȁ⤀ĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀĀȀ⤀ĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀ1 Personnel monitoring
the control panel shall be focused to watch the changes of meters to ensure
voltage and load of generator comply with plan and grid requirements. Power
factor of two units shall keep equal as possible.
Ȁ⤀ĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀĀȀ⤀ĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀ2 When generator load
increases (including load increase after paralleling), it shall mainly measure the
temperature at various temperature measuring point of the generator main
machine and the outlet air temperature of cooler.
0 Generator unit in operation shall be checked regularly:
0.0 Generator parameters shall be normal, three phase current shall be balanced,
and light indicators are normal.
0.1Temperatures of generator stator winding, coil, and rotor winding shall be
normal. Neutral point equipment and visible copper bar, PT chamber equipment
shall operate normally.
0.2 Running sound of generator and excitation transformer shall be normal, and
there shall be no local overheating; vibration of bearing pads shall not exceed
specified value, inlet and outlet wind temperature of generator shall be normal,
and inlet and outlet water temperature of air cooler shall be normal.
1 Items to be monitored and checked during excitation system operation:
1.0 Silicon rectifier device shall work normally, so does fan in operation channel.
1.1 Generator components shall be free of overheating, peculiar smell, discharge
phenomenon, and meters shall indicate correctly.
1.2 Monitoring temperature of rectifying component shall be less than 70℃。
1.3 Various parts of magnetic blow-out switch shall be in good condition, lead wire
shall be free of overheating, contacts shall well contact.
1.4 De-excitation resistance shall have good appearance.
1.5 Manual control panel at excitation site and the integrated automatic background
41
shall be free of abnormal alarm.
0 Precautions for working on excitation circuit:
0 When working on excitation circuit, one shall wear insulating boots or stand on
an insulating mat, use well-insulated tools, and take grounding measure and
short-circuit prevention measures. When excitation system is
grounded at one point, do not work on the excitation circuit to prevent human-
induced two point grounding fault.
5888 Do not touch the excitation circuit and the grounding part with two hands
simultaneously, or touch two live parts of different poles. During work, one shall
wear work clothes. Do not wear short sleeve or roll up the sleeves; Clothes shall
be tight and shall be buttoned at wrists, workwoman shall roll her braid or long
hair in her hat.
2.3 Generator excitation system
0 Main technical requirements for excitation system
0.512 The excitation system equipment can be excellently matched with the generator
unit to ensure safe, stable and continuous normal operation.
0.513 The forced shutdown rate for the generator due to the excitation system fault
shall be not higher than 0.1%, with a frequency of not greater than 0.25
time/year.
0.514 In case of symmetric or asymmetric short circuit at HV side of the generator
transformer unit, the excitation system shall ensure normal and reliable
operation of the controller thereof.
0.515 Deviation of AC and DC voltage in the power plant shall not exceed -15% ～
+10% of rated value (rated external supplied AC power supply is 400/230V,
while rated voltage of DC power supply is 110V); When the frequency deviation
doesn’t exceed -6% ～ +4% of rated value, the excitation system shall ensure
that the generator operate under rated operating conditions.
0.516 The minimum stable voltage for excitation system shall not be greater than
excitation voltage at no-load rated voltage of 20～30% for the generator.
0.517 When generator excitation voltage and current is not greater than 1.1 times of
42
rated value, the excitation system can continuously and automatically operate
without any dead zone in a long term.
0 Excitation mode
Static-state excitation system, comprising excitation transformer, silicon controlled
rectifier, excitation regulator, magnetic blow-out device, excitation device and overvoltage
protection device, is used for generator excitation.
The excitation device shall be subject to auxiliary power AC 400V power start-up
excitation, and excitation circuit is provided with functions of auto-exit and protection
against initial excitation fault.
The excitation transformer shall be indoor three-phase cast epoxy resin dry-type
transformer, and provide over-temperature alarm and protection.
The silicon controlled rectifier shall be subject to three-phase full-controlled bridge
rectifier circuit, and can run in dual channel mode; the silicon controlled rectifier provides
rectifier bridge over-temperature protection.
The excitation regulator generally operates in automatic mode, and is not allowed for
long-term operation in manual mode;
The excitation regulator is provided with functions of regulation with constant
reactive power and constant power factor, and the Power Plant normally operates under
regulation with constant power factor.
The excitation system is provided with automatic magnetic blow-out device and
switch. The excitation regulator is capable of automatic inverse magnetic blow-out under
normal shutdown of the unit. In addition, the magnetic blow-out switch is switched on for
magnetic blow-out during accidental shutdown of the unit, and SiC non-linear resistance
is used for magnetic blow-out resistance.
0 Excitation system overload capacity
0.0 The excitation system can withstand short-time overload, with forced excitation
multiples of 2 and allowable forced excitation time of 20s.
0.1 The excitation system response ratio (V) (i.e., voltage rise rate) is 2 times/s.
1 Generator voltage regulation accuracy
1.0 For rated voltage with change value of 0.5-1.0 from no-load to full-load, the
43
excitation control system provides instantaneous gain by 25 times. When the
given voltage step response shall be ±10%, the generator voltage overshoot
shall not be greater than 30% of step voltage; oscillation frequency shall not
exceed 3 times; and the regulation time for generator stator voltage shall not be
longer than 5-10s, under rated no-load voltage.
0In case of raising voltage from zero, the automatic voltage regulator shall ensure
that the stator voltage overshoot shall not exceed 15% of rated value, regulating
time not longer than 10s, and voltage oscillation frequency not greater than 3
times.
Ȁ⸀ĀĀȀĀ⤀ĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀЀĀȀ⤀ĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀ0 Voltage regulation range of

automatic excitation regulator
0.0 The generator enjoys stable and smooth regulation at rated voltage of 15%-
130% under no-load, and setting voltage resolution shall not exceed 0.2% -0.5%
of rated voltage. In terms of manual regulation, the lower limit shall not exceed
20% of generator no-load excitation voltage, and the upper limit shall not be less
than 110% of generator rated excitation voltage, so as to ensure stable and
smooth regulation within the voltage regulation range. In terms of voltage
frequency characteristics, when the change ratio for generator no-load
frequency is ±1%, the terminal voltage change ratio shall not be greater than
±0.25% of rated value.
0.1 Under generator no-load operation, the speed of excitation regulator shall not be
greater than 1% rated voltage/s, and shall not be less than 0.3% rated voltage/s.
Ȁ⸀ĀĀȀĀ⤀ĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀЀĀȀ⤀ĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀ1 Other equipment of

excitation system
1 、 The excitation system is provided with magnetic blow-out device, rotor over-
voltage protection device and excitation device.
Inverse magnetic blow-out is applied during normal shutdown, while the switch and
Sic resistance are used for magnetic blow-out during accidental shutdown with magnetic
blow-out resistance dispersion coefficient of not greater than ±10%; continuous-flow
magnetic blow-out is applied for generator excitation winding.
The rectifier bridge is provided with over-voltage protection device at AC side, DC
side and generator rotor side to protect SCR and generator rotor. The dispersion
44
coefficient for action voltage of rotor over-voltage protection device shall not be greater
than 10%.
The excitation device shall be subject to AC rectification initial excitation, and initial
excitation current is to be determined based on 15% of generator no-load excitation
current.
2.、Routine operation regulations for generator carbon brush and slip ring
0 Routine inspection items for carbon brush and slip ring:
0 The abrasive length of carbon brush shall not exceed 2/3. When the abrasive
length exceeds 2/3 (i.e. the distance between top of limit slice and that of brush
holder shall be 1cm), the carbon brush must be replaced regularly.
1 The carbon brush is free of sparking. Once sparking, immediately figure out the
cause for timely removal. The carbon brush is free of offset from external slip
ring, and is also free of breakup at its edges.
2 The brush braid shall be securely connected with brush stud and carbon brush,
and be free of heating, discoloration and contact with other structures of brush
support. The carbon brush is free from vibration, shaking or jamming within the
brush holder.
3 An infrared thermometer is used to measure whether each carbon brush is free
from overheating (normal temperature shall be lower than 60℃); temperature
comparison under different reactive loads is required; and any abnormality shall
be dealt with in time.
4 The spring blade is under normal pressure, and is free of any deformation and
fracture. The pressure on each carbon brush shall be even and steady under
normal conditions, and difference of uneven pressure for each carbon brush
shall be within 5%.
5 Distance between brush holder and slip ring shall meet the specified value.
Distance between brush holder and slip ring shall be 2.5～3 mm.
6 The slip ring shall be free from discoloration, overheating and uneven abrasion,
and slip ring surface temperature shall be lower than 80℃.
45
0 The slip ring surface shall be smooth, and be free of greasy dirt.
1 The brush holder and brush support shall be free from accumulated filth and
greasy dirt. In case of great amount of accumulated filths, the brush is used for
removal or compressed air is for purging. Few foreign matters are discovered
around the brush support and air duct.
0 Maintenance rules for carbon brush and slip ring:
0 Arrange an experienced electrical director for regular maintenance of slip ring
and carbon brush, and designate electrical shift operator for routine inspection.
1 Do not allow to arbitrarily change the model for generator carbon brush.
2 Arrange two personnel for slip ring brush maintenance (one for maintenance
and another one for supervision). Stand on the insulation pad or wear insulating
boots, and use the tool with excellent insulation, and take relevant measures to
prevent against short circuit and grounding.
3 Wear overalls during working in strict accordance with dressing provisions to
ensure tightness of collar, cuffs and hem, and do not wear gloves during carbon
brush replacement, cleaning and other maintenance work.
4 Do not allow to replace more than 4 carbon brushes on each brush support at
once, and coarsely ground new carbon brushes on the working surface, and
grind them on the model of which diameter is identical with that of slip ring.
5 Pull new carbon brushes up and down after being placed into the brush holder to
check whether the carbon easily moves up and down. In case of any jamming, use
the abrasive paper to polish the carbon brush, so as to meet requirements.
6 Regularly remove carbon power from the slip ring and brush holder. Use the
clean white cloth dipped in alcohol or gasoline to wipe the slip ring to keep it
clean and smooth.
7 Confirm whether the carbon brush comes into close contact with other carbon
brushes in case of discoloration due to overheating or during strike fire
treatment, firstly dispose other carbon brushes free of overheating to achieve
excellent conductivity.
8 When the carbon support casing is required to be opened to check the parts not
46
easily observed inside the brush support, firstly check whether few matters are
absorbed into the air duct, and then slowly and stably open the casing to
prevent against any damage under negative pressure.
0 Keep safe distance between slip ring and slip ring and carbon during
temperature measurement using infrared thermometer or other inspections ( ＞
50cm).
1 Measure the resistance (5+0.3Ω) of the carbon brush and make a
corresponding record upon replacement, and; in addition, use the DC clamp
meter for current measurement, so as to confirm whether the current on each
carbon brush is evenly distributed.
2 Make carbon brush replacement records and routine inspection records.
2.4 Generator abnormal operation and troubleshooting
0 Generator overload
When the generator voltage and current exceeds the normal value: in case of any
accident, the generator stator coil can operate under overload in short time; furthermore,
the rotor winding can also withstand corresponding overload, with a frequency of not
more than 2 times/year.
Allowable values for generator overload are shown in the following table:
Overload multiple 1.1 1.15 1.2 1.35 1.5
Allowable time (Min) 60 15 6 4 2
The generator stator winding can withstand short time over-current ( emergency overload),
please refer to the following table:
Stator current (%) 220 154 130 116
Allowable time (s) 10 30 60 120
For generator excitation winding short-time over-voltage, please refer to the following table:
Excitation voltage (%) 112 125 146 208
Allowable time (s) 120 60 30 10
Note:
47
In case that the temperature for generator stator or rotor winding is high under
normal operation, the multiple and time for short-time overload shall be properly
restricted. Under the above operation conditions, the generator temperature normally
exceeds the value under rated voltage. When the generator temperature reaches the
maximum allowable value, overload operation is forbidden.
When the generator frequency deviates from the rated value, please refer to the following table:
Frequency Allowable operation time
Accumulated time per year (min) Each time (s)
51.5 30 30
51.0 180 180
48.5～50.5 Continuous operation
48.0 300 300
47.5 60 60
47.0 10 10
Under generator emergency overload operation, closely supervise the generator coil
temperature and air cooler outlet wind temperature (not greater than the allowable
value), and adjust the air cooler inlet temperature, if necessary.
When the generator stator current exceeds the allowable value, figure out the
overload causes by the shift operator.
0 System failure
1 Single unit overload
Check the generator power factor and voltage, and pay attention to check its multiple
and duration when the current exceeds the specified value, reduce rotor excitation
current, decrease stator current to the maximum allowable value to avoid the occurrence
of excessive high power factor (less than 0.95 lag phase) and excessive low voltage
(greater than 0.95Ue); if the stator current fails to be reduced to the normal value through
reduction in excitation current, reduce the generator active load. In addition, enhance the
supervision over temperature, power factor and voltage of the generator.
48
0 Generator unbalanced three-phase current overrun
0 Phenomenon: The difference displayed on the three-phase current meter
exceeds 8% of the rated value.
1 Causes:
0 non-all-phase operation;
1 high single-phase load;
2 meter fault.
2 Handling:
0 check whether the generator vibration meets requirements.
1 check whether the generator CT and circuit are subject to failure.
2 check whether the meter provides proper indication, and give notification
on CT secondary circuit failure (such as measurement-control device
failure) for overhaul, if necessary.
3 reduce the generator load, and report it to the shift supervisor in case that
the load still exceeds the specified value.
4 Contact the dispatch query system operator on the matters of failure.
5 check the distribution unit and auxiliary power system, and figure out the
causes.
6 In case that the cause is not figured out, and the unbalance factor exceeds
10%, please contact the shift operator for splitting.
1 The generator vibration beyond the allowable value
0 When the generator vibration exceeds the allowable value, check whether the
generator three-phase stator current is balanced, whether the rotor current is
increased or abnormally changed, whether the some parts of the generator is
subject to overheating, whether active and reactive power ratio is appropriate,
and whether the turbine is subject to any vibration, etc.
1 Adjust active and reactive power ratio to achieve corresponding adjustment on
generator operation parameters for relevant handling. In case that vibration
causes damage to safe operation of the unit, shut down the unit immediately.
2 Generator abnormal temperature
49
When the temperature at the generator stator coil and stator iron core slot exceeds
the allowable value, check whether the pressure, flow and temperature of cooling water
in the air cooler is normal, whether the thermometer provides proper indication, and
whether the generator stator current exceeds the rated value. In addition, enhance
supervision on temperature and temperature rise of coil and iron core, and limit the load if
necessary. In case of failure to recovery in long term, apply for shutdown treatment.
When the generator inlet wind temperature exceeds the allowable value (40℃),
check whether the cooler normally operates and whether pressure, flow and temperature
of cooling water are normal, determine the generator load value, and check whether the
three-phase current is balanced, so as to make relevant adjustment, and reduce the
generator load to match with inlet wind temperature if invalid.
Monitor the temperature difference of temperature elements in the stator coil layer
during generator operation. When the difference between maximum and minimum
temperature of the stator coil reaches 8℃, or when the ultimate temperature of stator coil
exceeds 105℃, figure out the cause and strengthen monitoring, reduce the load for
operation, verify whether the thermometer is normal; when the temperature of inter-layer
temperature measuring components in any one of stator slots exceeds 120℃,
immediately shut down the unit to avoid major accidents after confirming that
temperature measuring elements are free from any trouble.
The minimum generator inlet wind temperature shall not be lower than 20℃, normally
not higher than 40℃. When the inlet wind temperature is lower than 40℃, it is allowed to
increase the stator current by 0.5% of the rated value with a decrease of 1℃. In this case,
it is also allowed to correspondingly increase the rotor current until the inlet wind
temperature is lower 10℃ than the rated value. In case of further decrease in inlet wind
temperature, the current shall not be subject to further increase; when the inlet wind
temperature falls into the range of 40℃-45℃, the stator current shall be decreased by
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1.5% of the rated value with an increase of 1℃; when the inlet temperature falls into the
range of 45℃-50℃, the stator current shall be decreased by 2% of the rated value with an
increase of 1℃; the inlet wind temperature falls into the range of 50℃-55℃, the stator
current shall be decreased by 3% of the rated value with an increase of 1℃. The
difference between generator inlet and outlet wind temperature shall not exceed 35℃
(normally between 25℃ and 35℃), and that between the inlet temperature at both sides
shall not be higher than 3℃.
0 Phase regulator operation of generator transformer
0 Phenomenon:
0 The signal “MSV Closed” is possibly sent.
1 The active power meter display the value below zero, while the reactive
power meter indicates higher value.
2 The stator current is decreased, while the generator voltage is increased.
3 The frequency is slightly decreased with a decrease of lagging power
factor.
1 Handling:
0 In case of tripping of generator switch, magnetic blow-out switch and
auxiliary branch switch, automatically put emergency power supply into
service, and conduct manual operation in case of failure in automatic
operation.
1 After sending the signal “Machine Danger”, immediately split the generator,
and replace the auxiliary power supply within 1 min.
2 Perform additional paralleling after air supply of the turbine is recovered.
1 Single-phase grounding of generator stator
0 Firstly distinguish valid grounding from invalid grounding.
1 In case that the stator voltage circuit single-phase grounding signal and
corresponding 11kV system grounding signal normally appear, distinguish the
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grounding system according to “11kV system single-phase grounding” treatment
methods.
0 Narrow down the search range by switching the auxiliary power; in case of
failure to determine the fault coverage during 30-min troubleshooting, reach a
decision that the grounding point is located inside the generator, and then
conduct shutdown treatment (to be confirmed in combination with generator
transformer unit protection conditions).
1 When it is determined as non-generator stator circuit signal-phase grounding,
immediately find the grounding fault point for isolation; in case of failure to
removal in 2h, disconnect the power supply to the busbar of fault equipment.
0 Generator rotor grounding
Generator rotor winding one-point grounding
0 Phenomenon:
0 The monitoring system sends an alarm signal, and the signal “rotor one-
point grounding” appears after clicking the “Alarm Record”.
1 The indication value for positive (negative) rotor grounding voltage
decreases or is “zero”.
1 Causes:
0 operation of the excitation circuit operator;
1 circuit smudginess and insulation deterioration;
2 protection circuit failure.
2 Handling:
0 reset the alarm; if any, indicate instantaneous grounding, and enhance
routine inspection on excitation circuit.
1 Report it to the shift operator, check whether the excitation circuit is put into
service; and inquire whether the failure is caused due to mistaken touch
with rotor circuit by relevant personnel.
2 determine the grounding pole, find the grounding point, observe whether
the failure is caused by smudginess of slip ring and carbon brush at the
generator excitation end, and clean it if necessary; determine the failure
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nature and location, conduct relevant treatment only during shutdown, and
report to the shift operator to determine whether rotor two-point grounding
protection is put into service.
0 In case that the generator unit rotor current increases, while the rotor
voltage and reactive power reactive load decreases during the course of
finding one-point grounding, which indicates the possibility of two-point
grounding, conduct grounding treatment according to rotor circuit two-point
grounding.
Generator rotor circuit two-point grounding
Phenomenon:
The excitation current increases, while excitation voltage decreases.
Reactive load and stator voltage decrease, and even power factor is greater
than 1.
Vibration or obvious vibration occurs for the unit.
Tripping of generator transformer unit protection switch, generator transformer
unit switch and magnetic blow-out switch occurs.
This may lead to generator out-of-step protection or excitation-loss protection in
serious cases.
Handling:
Inform that the turbine has been split.
Check the generator excitation circuit to observe whether mechanical damage
is caused by fire or earthquake.
Check the excitation system circuit, and inform the overhaul staff of
troubleshooting.
Generator instrumental PT fuse failure
Phenomenon:
The indicated value of generator active and reactive load declines.
The indicated value of stator voltage declines.
The monitoring system sends an alarm signal, and the signal “instrumental PT
voltage circuit break” appears after clicking the “Alarm Record”.
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Handling:
Pay attention to monitoring the generator stator current, excitation current, and
do not allow to adjust the active and reactive power.
Release the combined voltage lockout over-current protection switch of the
generator.
Contact the turbine operator to keep the generator active load stable via the
turbine, and monitor the stator current not greater than the specified value.
Check and measure PT circuit, and replace the fuse in case of fuse failure
to recover the normal operation.
Generator excitation PT fuse failure
Phenomenon:
The signal “voltage circuit break” is sent.
Output current surge for automatic excitation regulator occurs.
Sharp rise in generator excitation voltage, current and reactive load occurs.
Handling:
Switch into the manual channel for adjustment, and disable the automatic
channel.
Adjust the reactive power to recover the normal operation.
Figure out the cause, and recover the normal operation after troubleshooting.
10. Generator CT circuit break
Phenomenon:
The indicated value of generator active and reactive power declines or is zero.
The stator single-phase current is zero, while two-phase current is normal.
The signal “differential circuit break” is sent.
Handling:
Stop adjustment on active and reactive power, and notify the turbine operator.
Release the differential protection circuit switch of the generator.
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Check whether CT primary and secondary circuit is subject to failure, for
example, shut down the unit for troubleshooting, and notify the overhaul
staff of CT secondary circuit failure.
Failure to generator step-up
Phenomenon:
There is no indication or abnormal indication on excitation voltmeter after
clicking “Excitation ON” button.
There is no indication or low indication at the generator end.
The alarm signal is sent, “Excitation Failure” is activated.
Handling:
Check whether the magnetic blow-out switch and regulator switch are in good
condition, whether the regulator AC and DC power supply is properly
connected, and whether the excitation switch is properly located.
Measure whether the excitation circuit is disconnected.
Check whether open-circuit for relevant meters and circuit wiring appears.
Check whether the excitation regulation system shunt is subject to failure.
Reactivate the excitation after checking that the system is free of failure. If still
not successful, notify the overhaul staff of troubleshooting.
12. Generator excitation-loss
Phenomenon:
Short-circuit of excitation circuit
The excitation voltage sharply decreases or is decreased to zero.
The excitation current significantly varies.
The excitation circuit break occurs.
The excitation voltage sharply drops or drops to zero, and the voltage rises
during rotor circuit break.
Both excitation current and excitation voltage drop to zero during excitation
circuit break.
The generator stator voltage decreases and fluctuates, and action under forced
excitation may occur.
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The power current decreases and fluctuates, and reactive indication drops to
below zero, and finally is negative value.
The stator current sharply increases and fluctuates.
The generator voltage slightly increases, and the power factor is greater than 1.
Excitation-loss protection is activated, and the main switch trips.
Handling:
Quickly conduct the generator splitting without any protection after confirming
generator excitation-loss.
In case of tripping of auxiliary branch switch, automatically put emergency
power supply into service; In case of any failure, manually put emergency
power supply into service after switching off the auxiliary switch.
Figure out the cause, and notify the overhaul staff of troubleshooting after
generator shutdown.
Increase the excitation current of the unit that is free from excitation-loss to the
maximum extent, so as to improve voltage stabilization capacity of the
system.
13. Generator nonsynchronous parallel
Phenomenon: The stator current abruptly increases, the voltage decreases, and
roaring occurs for the unit, with the frequency identical with that of the meter;
obvious vibration occurs, and stator current sharply fluctuates upon switching-on
of the switch.
Handling: In any one of above cases, immediately perform the generator splitting
shutdown, measure the generator insulation, make corresponding records, and
report it to the leader.
Treatment principles for asymmetric operation of generator transformer unit.
During asymmetric operation of generator transformer unit, the generator stator
winding will be subject to negative-sequence current. Such current creates a magnetic
field that rotates in the direction opposite to that of the rotor at synchronous speed, which
is generally called “negative-sequence rotating magnetic field”. As for the rotor, this
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negative-sequence rotating magnetic field cuts the rotor at twice synchronous speed, and
negative-sequence induction current at double frequency is generated within the rotor.
The negative-sequence current causes strong skin effect within the generator rotor,
and flows through the thin layer on the rotor iron core surface, thus leading to
overheating of structural components thereof, as well as discoloration, bubbling,
scorching, drop-off and even crack and chipping on the surface film. The hottest parts are
located on the embedded surface of retaining ring and iron core, at the end of horizontal
crescent slot on the gear (magnetic pole), at the junction of slot wedge joint and iron gear
and on the gear (magnetic pole).
Negative sequence current is related with stator current asymmetry, absolute value
and generator load, i.e. active and reactive power.
Phenomenon:
The generator stator three-phase current is unbalanced, and negative-
sequence current exceeds the specified value.
The generator vibration increase occurs.
The alarm signal “Negative-sequence Voltage Overrun” may be sent in case of
generator transformer unit protection.
The temperature at the generator stator end abnormally increases.
Handling:
Report it to the shift operator, and reduce the generator stator current, so as to
keep the current within the specified range.
Strengthen the supervision over the unit vibration, and figure out the cause for
timely troubleshooting.
In case that the generator asymmetric operation results from asymmetric fault
(such as breaking), immediately conduct reporting and dispatching to
reduce the transmission power thereof so that asymmetric power from any
one of generators does not exceed the specified value.
If asymmetric operation of the generator is caused by generator transformer
unit failure, shut down the unit for troubleshooting.
15. Abnormal indication on generator meter
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Phenomenon: The indication of generator stator or rotor meter suddenly disappears
or is incorrect.
Handling:
Closely monitor the indication on other meters, and enhance the
communication with the turbine operator on the part of the shift operator.
Check the instruments, instrumental PT primary and secondary circuit and
insurance.
In case of open-circuit of instrumental CT secondary circuit, prompt it under short
circuit at the terminal surrounding the CT, and notify the overhaul personnel for
troubleshooting. In case that open-circuit occurs at the CT
outlet terminal or short-circuit is impossibly realized, report the shift
supervisor for shutdown treatment.
16. Treatment principles for generator oscillation and out-of-step
Phenomenon:
The stator current obviously fluctuates, and exceeds the normal value.
The generator voltage obviously fluctuates, and the voltage decreases under
normal conditions.
Active and reactive power obviously fluctuates.
Excitation current and voltage fluctuate around the normal value.
The cyclic wave is subject to sudden rise and drop according to the generator,
and the generator causes loud noise in the rhythm identical with swings of
each meter.
Alarm signals “Low Voltage” and “Over-voltage“ are possibly sent out.
Handling:
Judge whether the failure is caused by misoperation, and confirm whether the
unit excitation-lose exists.
If any abnormality is found on the part of the Company, consult the dispatch
system operator on the matter of failure.
For the generator operating under manual excitation mode, immediately
increase the excitation current to the maximum value, and reduce active
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load to create favorable conditions to recover the value obtained over the
same period.
For the generator operated under automatic excitation mode, reduce the active
load of generator; once the stator current begins to increase from the
minimum value, rapidly increase the excitation current with great possibility
of synchronization. Prevent from increasing the excitation current at the
maximum current.
If not successful after about 2-3 min, request instructions from the shift
supervisor for splitting of the generator subject to out-of-step, figure out the
cause for re-paralleling.
In case of system oscillation, make an adjustment according to the frequency of the
Company. ①Under low frequency, increase the active load to the maximum
value; ② under high frequency, decrease the active load
and increase the reactive load to increase the voltage.
Automatic tripping of main switch of generator (in the absence of impact for the
system)
Phenomenon:
The monitoring system sends out an accidental signal and relevant alarm
signals.
The main switch and magnetic blow-out switch of generator trip, and the flash is
reset.
The generator power and current drops to zero.
Handling:
Check whether the auxiliary system is normal, whether the quick switching
device normally acts.
Check whether the magnetic switch is switched off; if not, manually switch off
the magnetic blow-out switch.
Check whether the failure is caused by misoperation, and immediately connect
the generator to the power grid once determined.
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Check whether the generator tripping is caused by misoperation of protection
device.
Confirm whether the action of the protection device is caused by short-circuit
according to microcomputer printing.
Treatment principles for tripping of main switch of generator (in the presence of
impact for the system)
Phenomenon:
The monitoring system sends out an accidental signal and relevant alarm
signals.
The relevant protection device sends out a signal under forced excitation.
The main switch and magnetic blow-out switch of generator trip, and the green
light flashes.
The generator power and current fluctuate upwards, and then drop to zero.
The generator causes abnormal noise in case of an accident.
Handling:
Check whether the auxiliary system is normal.
Conduct a detailed external inspection over generator, relevant equipment
thereof and all electrical equipment located in the protection area, and
confirm whether there are external signs (such as smoke, fire, noise,
insulation scoring smell, discharging and burning), so as to determine
whether the generator transformer unit is damaged.
In addition, check the protection device, and inquire relevant personnel about
power grid failure.
When the generator protection switch trips due to internal fault, measure the
insulation resistance of stator coil in addition to above inspection items.
The generation and circuit inspection results show no fault, increase the
generator voltage from zero. In case that any abnormality is found during
step-up, immediately shut down the unit to conduct detailed inspection for
troubleshooting. In case that no abnormality is found during step-up,
connect the generator to the power grid.
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In case that the backup protection switch of the generator trips due to system
failure, while the main protection switch does not trip, connect the
generator to the power grid after no obvious failure point is found, and
system failure is removed.
Explosion and ignition inside the generator
Phenomenon:
Smoke, sparkle, insulation scoring smell are found on the generator end cover.
The unit is subject to sudden change in sound and vibration.
The generator grounding and differential protection switch is possibly switched
on.
Relevant meters are subject to abnormal change.
Handling:
Rapidly disconnect the main switch of generator for splitting of generator and
system, and disconnect the magnetic blow-out switch.
Keep the generator speed at 200-300rmp/min, and do not stop the generator
before extinguishing.
Continue to supply the cooling water from the generator air cooler until
extinguishing.
Open the CO2 extinguisher, 1211 extinguisher or dry powder extinguisher used
in the air-ventilation hole, and do not allow to use foam extinguisher
and sand for extinguishing.
20. Generator emergency shutdown conditions:
It endangers personal safety.
The generator obviously vibrates.
The temperature of generator stator and rotor iron core has reached the limit value,
and adjustments do not take effect.
The generator stator coil temperature has reached the limit value, and adjustment
does not take effect.
The generation is under excitation loss, with the voltage of lower than 80%.
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Smoking and ignition occur inside the generator or on the generator CT.
The generator rotor is subject to two-point grounding.
The generator bearing oil return temperature is high, or lubricant oil supply is
interrupted.
The generator protection switch is disabled.
Note:
I. In case of an accident where it is required to disconnect the generator (such as
smoking inside the generator, beyond the specified vibration value and endangering
personal safety), The shift operator shall enable the button of emergency protection
device or press the emergency shutdown button (in front of the position of the shift
operator), and monitor the active power of the generator. When the active power drops to
zero, the shift operator shall split the generator from the power grid, and disconnect the
magnetic blow-out switch.
In case of long-term short circuit (excluding the main switch of generator), the shift
operator shall immediately manually split the generator under the condition that the
generator protection device is disabled when the stator current meter indicates the
maximum value, while the voltage abruptly decreases.
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Operation Procedures for Transformer
3.1 Regulations for Transformer Operation
General regulations
The transformer is able to operate at rated capacity under rated operation conditions
throughout the whole year.
Switch on the high voltage side before the transformer gets operated and do in an
opposite way when the power is black out. It is forbidden to charge the
transformer from the low voltage side.
Make sure the phase sequence of the transformer is correct before operation if the
circuit of the transformer has been changed for once or twice during
overhauling.
If the transformer is newly installed, overhauled or undergoes with troubleshooting or
oil replacement, it shall repose for at least 24 hours before applied with voltage.
Where abnormal occurrence happens to the transformer, the duty person shall work
a way out to eliminate the abnormality and make records and report to the
leader if necessary.
Allowable temperature for the transformer operation shall be checked according to
the temperature of upper layer oil, which generally shall not exceed 85℃, the
temperature shall not rise for more than 55℃ and the highest temperature of
upper layer oil shall not exceed 95℃ so that the oil of the transformer will not
deteriorate quickly.
Regulations for transformer temperature
The highest temperature of upper layer oil in the oil immersed transformer is able to
be operated under the following regulations. (Measured by thermometer)
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Cooling mode The highest temperature The highest temperature

of cooling medium of upper layer oil
Natural cycle,
self-cooling and 40℃ 95℃
air-cooling
Note:
When the medium temperature decreases, the highest temperature of upper layer oil
temperature will decrease correspondingly, and to prevent the insulating oil from
deterioration acceleration, the upper layer oil temperature of the natural cycle transformer
shall not exceed 85℃ frequently.
The transformer provides remote indications and overtemperature alarming in order
to monitor the upper layer oil temperature.
The temperature of dry-type transformer is able to be operated under the following regulations.
(Measured by thermometer)
Location of Insulation Limiting value of Measuring
transformer class temperature rise (℃) method
A 60
E 75 Resistance
Coil B 80
method
F 100
H 125
The ambient temperature is not higher than 40℃
Note:
Houser transformer, which possesses three phases of coils at low voltage side,
provides remote temperature transmission (not in use), overtemperature alarming and
overtemperature tripping.
Regulations for transformer overload
The transformer is able to operate under normal and emergency overload conditions.
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Frequent normal overload is allowed, and the permitted value is determined according to
the transformer load curve, the temperature of cooling medium and the load brought by
the transformer before overload. Emergency overload is only allowed under conditions of
accident occurrence.
The overload of the main transformer shall correspond to the allowable overload of
the generator. The more stringent one of the two overloads shall be the operation basis.
Allowable time of emergency overload operation for dry-type transformer is shown in the
following table:
Overload multiple 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
Allowable time of duration (min) 60 45 32 18 5
Attentions for normal overload operation of oil immersed transformer:
Overload operation is not suitable for transformer which works at full load for
the whole day.
According to the typical load curve of the transformer, if the maximum load is
lower than the rated load of the transformer in summer, then 1% overload is
allowed in winter due to each 1% missing of maximum load against rated
load in summer, bu the overload shall be limited to 15%.
The overload value of oil immersed self-cooled transformer and air-cooled
transformer shall not exceed 30% of the rated capacity, and that of forced
oil circulation air-cooled transformer shall not exceed 20%.
Overload is not allowed when the transformer exists with large defect (such as
abnormal cooling system, severe oil leakage, partial overheat and
abnormal chromatographic analysis) or the insulation is weak.
All the fans shall be put into use before the transformer is overloaded.
Allowable time duration for normal overload operation of oil immersed natural cycle
cooled transformer: (Hours: minutes)
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The temperature of upper layer oil before overload (℃)
Overload multiple
18 21 30 36 42 48 50
Continuous operation is allowed
1.05 5: 50 5: 25 4: 50 4: 00 3: 00 1: 30 －
1.10 3: 50 3: 25 2: 50 2: 10 1: 25 0: 10 －
1.15 2: 50 2: 25 1: 50 1: 20 0: 35 －－
1.20 2: 05 1: 40 1: 10 0: 45 －－－
1.25 1: 35 1: 15 0: 50 0: 25 －－－
1.30 1: 10 0: 50 0: 30 －－－－
1.35 0: 55 0: 35 0: 15 －－－－
1.40 0: 40 0: 25 －－－－－
1.45 0: 25 0: 10 －－－－－
1.50 0: 15 －－－－－－
The allowable value of emergency overload operation for oil immersed transformer
shall comply with regulations in the following table according to different cooling methods
and ambient temperature. (Back up cooler shall be put into use in this situation)
Allowable time duration for emergency overload operation of oil immersed natural cycle cooled
transformer: (Hours: minutes)
Overload multiple Ambient temperature (℃)
0 10 20 30 40
1.1 24: 00 24: 00 24: 00 19: 00 17: 00
1.2 24: 00 24: 00 13: 00 5: 50 2: 45
1.3 23: 00 10: 00 5: 30 3: 00 1: 30
1.4 8: 30 5: 10 3: 10 1: 45 0: 55
1.5 4: 45 3: 10 2: 00 1: 10 0: 35
1.6 3: 00 2: 05 1: 20 0: 45 0: 18
1.7 2: 05 1: 25 0: 55 0: 25 0: 09
1.8 1: 30 1: 00 0: 30 0: 13 0: 06
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1.9 1: 00 0: 35 0: 18 0: 09 0: 05
2.0 0: 40 0: 22 0: 11 0: 06 －
All the working coolers shall be put into use when the transformer is under overload
operation, and back up coolers shall be used when necessary.
The scale and duration time of emergency overload shall be recorded in the
technical files of transformer after this emergency overload is ended.
Regulations for transformer parallel operation
Transformer parallel operation shall comply with the following conditions:
identical phase sequence;
identical wiring group
equivalent voltage ratio (≤＋0.5%);
equivalent impedance voltage (≤＋10%).
Transformers of different voltage ratio and impedance voltage are able to undergo
parallel operation in situation where neither of the transformer will work overload. (For
transformer parallel operation, the voltage ratio difference must not exceed 0.5%, short-
circuit voltage must not exceed 10% and the capacity ratio must not exceed 3%): 1)。
When transformers of different impedance voltage are under parallel operation, the
secondary voltage of the transformer with larger impedance voltage shall be
appropriately increased in order to make the capacity of transformers under parallel
operation fully used.
Newly installed transformers or transformers with completed alteration in internal,
external connecting wire and wiring group must be checked for phase sequence before
parallel operation.
Operation mode of cooling device and related regulations
When the fans stop working, the oil immersed air-cooled transformer is able to work
at rated load without fans when the temperature of upper layer oil is not higher than 55 ℃
according to the regulations of the manufacturer.
The operation time at rated load of oil immersed air-cooled transformer shall comply
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with the regulations of the manufacturer when the cooling system is in failure and all the fans
are removed. If no regulation is provided by the manufacturer, then operation at rated
load is allowed when the temperature of top layer oil is not higher than ℃;
When all the coolers are shut off, the temperature of oil level in transformer under
operation is allowed to rise to 75℃ when it is lower than 75℃, bu the longest operation
time must not exceed 1 hour considering that all the coolers are removed.
In the operation of oil immersed air-cooled transformer installed with auto-starting
device, The auto-starting switch shall be throw to “Auto” position, and start the fan when
the temperature of upper layer oil reaches 55℃ and stop the fan when that temperature is
lower than 45℃. The fan shall be started first before the transformer is put into use when
the auto-starting device is in failure.
The control switch for the fan of cooling device of E1 main transformer provides
“Manual” and “Auto” positions. “Manual” position is used to start or stop the cooler
manually; “Auto” position provides two start and stop modes including “start and stop
based on upper layer oil temperature of the transformer” and “start and stop based on
transformer loaded current”.
Check before and during operation of the cooler to make sure:
power source and control circuit wiring are correct, and the interlink test and signal
are normal;
the oil pump and fan motor is qualified in insulation, rotate in correct direction and
does not vibrate exceeding the permissible degree;
the cooler leaks oil at nowhere and the valves are correctly opened and closed;
the operation mode of each group of coolers is suitable for the operation condition of
the transformer.
Regulations for transformer insulation resistance
Transformers overhauled or unused for a long time must be measured in insulation
resistance before being put into use, and the voltage transformer and the grounding knife
switch at neutral point of the transformer must be disconnected during the measurement.
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The insulation resistance of winding R60 on newly installed transformer injected with
qualified transformer oil shall not be lower than 70% of the test value measured by
manufacturer. The absorption ratio “R60/R15” shall not be lower than 1.3 in condition of
10~30℃.
To measure the insulation resistance of transformer with rated winding voltage
higher than 1000V, a 2500V megohm-meter shall be used and the value shall not be
lower than 1 MΩ/kV; to measure the insulation resistance of transformer with rated
winding voltage lower than 1000V, a 500~1000V megohm-meter shall be used and the
value shall not be lower than 0.5 MΩ.
Qualification standard for insulation resistance value of dry-type transformer:
10MΩ/kV and not less than 10MΩ. Dry-type transformer must only operate after
determination is made that the insulation suffers no burn-in.
When the insulation resistance of transformer decreases to 1/3~1/5 of the latest
measured value (converting to an equivalent condition), then a notification shall be given
to electrical department for overhaul and disposal. Operation is only allowed when the
problem is solved.
Contrast between the insulation resistance value and manufacturer tested value shall be
performed under the same temperature, or a conversion to the measured value based on the
coefficient in the following table or given by the manufacturer shall be needed.
Temperature 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
difference
Coefficient 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.3 2.8 3.4 4.1 5.1 6.2 7.5 9.2 11.2
The insulation resistance of hot standby transformer may not be measured, but a 10-
day regular charging test shall be given at the same time when the switch on-off test is
conducted;
Actual insulation measuring items for transformer includes: primary side-to-ground,
secondary side-to-ground, primary side-to-secondary side; and inter phase of winding (if
necessary).
Operation regulations for gas protection of transformer
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When the transformer is for standby or in operation, input signal for slight gas
protection and input trip for heavy gas protection.
Oil filtering, adding, replacement and silica gel replacement during operation of the
transformer shall be done after the heavy gas protection is reconnected to signal
position, and other protection devices (such as the differential and quick-break protection
devices) shall be still connected into the tripping position. The heavy gas may be re-input
into the tripping position after the work is completed and the air in the transformer is
discharged (24 hours later).
If the oil level rises abnormally or the oil system appears with abnormality, each gas
or oil plug shall be opened in order to figure out the cause, and the heavy gas protection
shall be put into signal before inspecting the dehydrating breather or performing other
works so as to prevent tripping caused by malfunction of heavy gas protection.
It is forbidden to reconnect the heavy gas protection from tripping position to signal
position when the oil level reduces to a degree that the slight gas would give a signal.
Newly installed or overhauled transformer shall have a gassing process before
getting into operation, the gas protection shall input signal position to monitor the gassing
condition, and the heavy gas must only input tripping position after all the air in the
transformer oil is discharged.
In operation of secondary circuit for gas protection (examining gas protection and
checking direct current grounding), the heavy gas protection shall be re-input to signal
position, and the heavy gas protection may be re-input to tripping position after the air in
the transformer is discharged.
3.2 Operate the transformer
Trial operation of newly installed transformer
Trial operation of the transformer refers to the whole 24-hour process of operation at
a certain load (possible maximum load) since its electrification.
Transformer trial operation is only allowed after overall inspection upon satisfying the
following requirements:
No defect exists in the transformer body, cooling device and all attachments, no oil
leakage.
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Brake device of the transformer wheel shall be firm.
The painting is complete, the phase color marks in a right way and the grounding is
reliable.
No debris exists on the transformer cover.
Emergency oil discharging facilities are complete and fire fighting facilities are
expressly provided.
Valves on oil conservator, cooling device, oil filter and other oil systems shall be
opened and the oil throttle indication is correct.
The small grounding bushing in the high voltage bushing shall be connected to the
ground and the bushing top shall be well sealed.
Oil level in the oil conservator and oil-filled bushing is normal.
The location of tapping point complies with the requirements, on-load change is
reliable in remote operation and the location is correctly indicated.
Wiring group and phase of transformer comply with paralleling conditions.
Thermometer indicates correctly and the setting of electric contact thermometer
complies with the requirements.
Trial operation of cooling device is normal and interlink is correct.
The temperature control of dry-type transformer is checked normal, the epoxy
insulation layer of coil does not appears with ruptures and peelings, protection
barriers are in good condition and the door is locked.
The fixed value of relay protection complies with the regulations, interlink test
performs correctly and the protection device is normal.
Impact reclosing of the transformer shall be conducted according to the following
requirements:
Impact reclosing of the transformer connected to neutral point grounding system
shall be done with the neutral point grounding knife switched off.
Full voltage impact reclosing is allowed for the first operation of transformer, and the
switch at hight voltage side shall be switched on for impact reclosing.
The duration time for the first electrification shall last at least 10 minutes and
transformer shall be free of abnormality.
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The transformer shall experience 5 impact reclosings without abnormality, and the
inrush current shall not cause malfunction of the protection device.
The phase shall be checked for consistence before paralleling the transformers.
Check the transformers and cooling device after electrification to ensure all weld
joints and connecting surfaces are free of oil leakage.
Where permissible, the transformer (such as generator-transformer unit wiring
transformer) may experience stepping up from zero test rather than impact
reclosing test.
The method and attentions for stepping up from zero test are shown in detail in
generator operation procedures.
Regulations for start and stop of transformer operation
Before the transformer gets into operation, an overall inspection shall be performed to
the transformer by the shift operator to ensure that the transformer is in perfect condition
and possesses conditions needed for electrification, and:
All the ground leads of the transformer being overhauled or stopped for a long time
shall be removed, and all the work certificates are terminated. Operation is
confirmed allowable.
The location of three phases of tapping switch are the same and correct.
The insulation resistance and absorption ratio are qualified (insulation test is not
needed when the main transformer is stopped for no longer than three days, the
house transformer is stopped for no longer than seven days, no overhaul is
performed and no factor that may affect insulation exists).
On and off positions of switch and knife switch are correct.
The radiators and gas relay are in good conditions.
The cooling device is complete, interlink is correct and the power source is reliable.
No surrounding debris, and the fire fighting tools and safety facilities are expressly
provided.
Ensure the neutral point grounding device is normal before operation of isolation
transformer.
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9) Start all the coolers for a certain period of oil cycle in order to discharge the rest
air before operation of forced oil cycle transformer.
When the power of isolation transformer is cut off, firstly switch to house emergency
power supply (diesel generator) and then stop the transformer.
It is forbidden to charge the house transformer from the low voltage side. When
tripping occurs to the transformer in operation, ensure all the switches at low voltage are
tripping off and then conduct rescue delivery of backup switch.
All the backup transformers shall be able to get into operation at any time, and the
transformer unused for a long time shall be charged regularly and input with cooling
device.
Input operation rules for house transformer:
Operation is available upon check and withdraw of work certificate and complete
handover for inspection;
Check for that the safety measures of transformer are removed and each part is in
good condition;
Insulation resistance acquired by remote measurement at each side of the
transformer is qualified;
Input transformer protection device and temperature control device;
Ensure the switch at high voltage side of the transformer is complete and in off
position;
Turn it to the test position, and lock up;
Plug in secondary plug; feed operating power supply, and check whether energy is
normal;
Switch on-off test is performed demonstrating qualification;
Check whether the switch is at off position, and cut off the operating power source;
Turn the switch at high voltage side of the transformer to working position and lock
up;
Feed operating power source;
Turn “Remote/Local” switch to “Remote” position;
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Turn the switch at low voltage side of the transformer to off position, turn it to test
position and lock up;
Feed operating power supply; and inspect whether energy is normal;
Switch on-off test is performed demonstrating qualification;
Check whether the switch is at off position, and cut off the operating power source;
Turn it to working position and lock up, feed operating power supply;
Switch on the switch at high voltage side of the transformer, check whether the
transformer is discharged normally;
Switch on the switch at low voltage side of the transformer, check whether the
transformer is loaded;
Check whether the transformer is in normal operation.
Operating rules for the stop of house transformer operation
Backup transformers (if any) shall be firstly input;
Cut off the switches at both low voltage side and hight voltage side of the
transformer;
Turn the switch at low voltage side of the transformer to test position, and lock up;
Cut off the operating power source;
Turn the switch at high voltage side of the transformer to test position, and lock up;
Cut off operating power supply, and take down the secondary plug;
Approve no existence of voltage and arrange safety measures.
3.3 Inspection and maintenance during operation of transformer
1．Regulations for transformer operation and maintenance
The shift operator shall monitor the transformer operation based on parameters and
write down the data in each hour. If the transformer meters are not in the control
room, handover shift and in-shift inspection shall be respectively performed
once in each shift. The data shall be written down at least in each half hour
during overload operation. Each shift shall make records of the
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thermometer amounted on the transformer.
External inspection shall be performed to the main transformer, electric reactor, low
voltage house transformer, low voltage backup transformer and each auxiliary
transformer in each shift by special shift operator.
Additional inspection shall be performed to the oil level of the transformer when the
climate experiences great changes (coldness and hotness).
External inspection shall be performed to the transformer when the gas relay gives
signal.
More inspection shall be performed when the transformer is overloaded or the
cooling device is in failure.
In the climate after thunderstorm or of fog, wind, snow and drizzle, particular
inspection shall be performed to find out whether electric discharge phenomena
exists in the bushing of outdoor transformers, to the arrestor and the function of
protective gap, to find out whether the lead is swing, whether there is debris on
the transformer and whether the lead head is overheated.
Off-light inspection shall be performed to the transformer when the load reaches to
the peak at the first half of night shift in every other Sunday.
In the first three operation hours of new transformer or overhauled transformer,
inspection shall be performed in each hour and then go to regular condition.
Patrol inspection
Patrol cycle: Patrol is regular in normal conditions, and additional patrol shall be
performed in overloaded situations or the transformer is overhauled or defected.
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Patrol inspection items:
Key point Item Inspection content Judgment standard/disposal
Indications of oil If the relation between oil

thermometer temperature and oil level is far from
Indications of infrared normal, the following points shall be
Temperature thermometer particularly inspected to judge:
Condensation of a. whether the body appears with oil
moisture in the leakage
thermometer b. whether the oil level meter is in
failure
Indications of oil level
meter c. whether the thermometer is in
Transformer Condensation of failure
moisture in oil level meter Particular inspection shall be

body Oil level
Compare the relation performed if the moisture
between oil temperature condensates in the thermometer and
and oil level based on oil level meter in order to find out the
normal curve cause and eliminate it.
Check the seal washer of Tighten the screw when the oil leaks
Oil leakage at bushing edge, valve, from the seal washer. Replace the
cooler and oil tube seal washer if the oil keeps leaking.
Abnormal Check whether abnormal Tighten the joint if the noise and
noise and
noise and vibration exists vibration are caused by looseness
vibration
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Check whether abnormal

noise and vibration exists
in the cooler and oil
pump, and particular
inspection shall be
Abnormal performed to backup Replace the bearing upon discovery
noise and cooler unused for a long of abnormal noise to the fan and oil
vibration time before its operation. pump
Cooler Check whether each unit
of coolers are working
normal based on the
operation condition of the
main transformer
Check the valves, cooling Tighten the screw when the oil leaks
Oil leakage fin and oil pump of the from the seal washer. Replace the
cooler seal washer if the oil keeps leaking.
Dust Check the dust If the operation of cooler is

adsorption condition on obstructed by too much dust,
adsorption
the cooler cleaning shall be needed
Oil leakage Check the oil leakage Seal washer shall be replaced if the
condition of the bushing oil keeps leaking.
Bushing
Rapture, Check whether the
gap and insulator appears with If the deposition is severe to the
insulator severe deposition and insulator, cleaning shall be needed
dirts rupture
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1) Check the color of The desiccant shall be replaced if

Breather the 2/3 of the color has changed;
desiccant
Desiccant If the oil level is lower than normal
2) Check the oil color and
level, the oil cup shall be cleaned
level in the oil cup
and filled with transformer oil
Pressure Check whether the oil The pressure release device shall be
release Oil leakage
sprays or leaks replaced if the oil leakage is severe
device
On-load change tapping Whether the location of tapping point is correct, the three phases
are consistent, whether the dispatching requirements are
point
satisfied
Special patrol shall be performed to the transformer:
within 72 operation hours of new transformer or overhauled transformer (within two
hours after the operation, the inspection shall be performed every half hour, and
after two hours, the inspection shall be performed every 2 hours);
when there is severe defects;
when the climate is severe (gale, heavy fog, hail, cold wave, drought and drizzle);
in thunderstorm season, especially after the thunderstorm;
in high temperature season or peak load and rescue load operation;
if the transformer is in failure;
in other necessary situations.
Cautions for operation:
In normal operation, inspection must be performed upon 100,000 times of on-load
change or after 6~7 years regardless of reaching this 100,000 times.
Check whether the red dot on the motion axis of buoy locking device of the gas relay
is at “Operation” position before the main transformer is input for operation.
Function conditions for gas relay of the main transformer:
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The slight gas functions when the volume of gas in the relay reaches 300~350cc;
The heavy gas functions when the oil flow rate in the relay reaches 100+15cm/sec.
Function value of on-load change gas relay: Tripping when the oil flow rate reaches
3±0.6m/s.
Operation of gas protection device
The heavy gas shall be connected to tripping, slight gas shall be connected to
signal and on-load change gas protection shall be connected to tripping when
the transformer is operating.
In normal operation, differential protection and gas protection of the
main transformer shall not be stopped at the same time;
The following works shall be reported to the chief engineer for dispatching approval
before being conducted in the operation of transformer, and the heavy gas protection is
able to connected to signal upon acceptance of dispatching order.
Oil filtering and supplement in operation;
The gas relay experience inspection test and works on its protection circuit or occurs
direct current grounding;
Oil system circuit operation of the main transformer, replacement of oil-submerged
pump;
When the oil level of the oil level meter or the breath system appears with
abnormality, the gas discharging or oil drain valve needs to be opened;
When an earthquake may happen according to the forecast, the operation mode
of heavy gas function shall be re-determined based on the specific condition of
the transformer and the anti-seismic property of the gas relay.
On-load change is not allowed when the transformer is overloaded.
Special terms for dry-type transformer:
The dry-type transformers of thermal power plant are suited with automatic
temperature control device. The temperature control device is able to show orderly the
winding temperature of the three phases of the transformer, and manages automatic and
manual control over the cooling fan of the dry-type transformer; the fan will be
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automatically input when the temperature is higher than 75℃ (65℃), overheat alarming
will be active when the temperature is higher than 130℃ and tripping order will be sent
when the temperature is higher than 15℃.
The fan shall be manually started when the temperature of dry-type transformer is
higher than 50℃, and inspection shall be performed to the operation status of the fan;
when the temperature is lower than 40℃, the fan shall then be stopped.
Patrol inspection items for dry-type transformer:
The sound of the transformer is normal, no peculiar smell and vibration;
The porcelain insulators appear with no external ruptures, discharging traces and
other abnormality;
The lead connector, cable, busbar and conductive part contact tightly without
emitting heat;
The temperature control device is in good condition, the orderly displayed
temperature of the three phases is normal and the fan is input based on
regulations
3.4 Transformer abnormal operation and troubleshooting
Regulations for transformer abnormal operation:
The shift operator shall immediately work a way out to eliminate any abnormality
(such as oil leakage, oil level too high or too low, abnormal temperature, noise and
cooling system) upon discovery, and report the case to upper leader and the shift chief-
operator, and record the case in the operation records and equipment defect records.
When the transformer load exceeds the allowable normal overload, the shift operator
shall report this case to the shift chief-operator and take measures to reduce the load to
an allowable value.
If the abnormality is not able to be removed during operation and may threaten the
safety of the whole system, the transformer shall be stopped for overhauling. Backup
transformers (if any) shall be input in this situation as possible.
The transformer shall be stopped immediately when:
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accidents that may threaten personal safety occur.
the transformer crackles inside.
the oil conservator or explosion-proof vent sprays oil and smokes.
the sleeve is badly broken and the sleeve end melts.
the transformer smokes and catches a fire.
pressure relief valve action;
Slight gas functions, the oil quality goes bad according to test and combustible gas
is generated;
Discharging noise exists in the winding of dry-type transformer with terrible smell.
The transformer shall be stopped (switch on the backup transformer and stop
operating transformer) when:
the transformer temperature is abnormal and keeps rising under normal load and
cooling condition.
the internal noise is abnormal with spark discharging noise.
the oil color greatly changes and carbonaceous substance appears in the oil.
severe oil leakage causes oil level declining to a level lower than the indicated level
of the oil level meter.
the sleeve ruptures and severe discharging trace appears.
the contact emits heat seriously and the color fades.
Abnormal rise of transformer temperature:
Phenomenon:
The temperature exceeds 85℃ and keeps rising but does not exceed 95℃.
Handling:
Find out whether it is caused by the load or ambient temperature and check for the
temperature records of the same condition;
Check the cooling device and inform instrument personnel to calibrate the
thermometer or temperature controller;
reduce the power when necessary;
The transformer shall be deemed false internally when the above measures are
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taken in vain, stop the transformer and input the backup transformer regardless
of whether the temperature exceeds the allowable value in this situation.
Abnormal oil level of transformer:
When the oil level of transformer is abnormal, the following measures shall be taken:
When the oil level is expressly lower than normal oil level at the certain oil
temperature, the oil shall be added. While adding oil, the heavy gas protection
shall be connected to signal position, and other protection devices (such as the
differential and quick-break protection devices) shall be connected into the
tripping position. The heavy gas may be re-input into the tripping position after
the work is completed and the air in the transformer is discharged.
It is forbidden to input the gas to signal when the oil level decreases quickly due to
large amount of leakage, on the contrary, measures shall be taken to stop oil
leakage and add oil. Input the backup transformer (if any) immediately or stop
the operation if there is no backup transformer when the situation is beyond
handling.
When the transformer oil level increases due to increase of temperature and the oil
level at the highest temperature may exceeds the upper limit of the oil level
meter, the oil shall be discharged in order to make the oil level reduce to an
appropriate height and hence to prevent overflow.
For transformers with diaphragm-type oil conservator, the breath condition of the
rubber bag shall be checked for smoothness and the gas in oil conservator shall
be checked for whether the gas is discharged entirely in order to prevent
occurrence of false oil level.
Transformer protection functions tripping:
Phenomenon:
Alarming signal is sent, the tripping transformer switch starts flickering, relevant
lighting plate lights on and the protection functions;
The current and power meters of transformer in fault indicate zero.
Handling:
Input backup transformer;
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Inspect the faulted transformer externally and analyze the gas;
Check whether the cause is gas malfunction, then input the transformer for operation
if malfunction is confirmed;
When the gas protection signal and tripping functions at the same time and the gas
is detected flammable, the transformer is not allowed to be put into service
before inspection and qualified test.
Function handling of overcurrent protection of transformer
When tripping occurs to the transformer, the backup transformer shall be input
automatically, and if the function is refused, a forced manual action may be conducted,
no more action shall be done if it is still unsuccessful; if the backup transformer fails to be
input, and is checked without internal faults while tripping is determined as external fault
or protection circuit fault, a trial input may be performed for only once.
Function handling of differential protection of transformer
Cut off the transformer from power and take safety measures to inspect electrical
equipment within range of differential protection, measure the insulation resistance of
transformer and inform the overhaul personnel to perform internal test;
If no problem is found, the differential circuit shall be checked, if the problem is
protection malfunction, inform the overhaul personnel to perform test and input the
transformer for operation if the test is qualified (gas protection must be input if any).
Handling of house transformer overheat tripping
Low voltage backup transformer shall be input automatically, and manual operate
may be performed for only once if the automatic operation is refused;
Inspect the transformer and take measures to reduce the temperature, release
overheat tripping protection if the overheat is caused by temperature controller fault and
input the transformer for operation, then inform the overhaul personnel to calibrate the
temperature controller and perform more inspections, manually input the fan to reduce
temperature when necessary;
If the temperature is normal, inform the overhaul personnel to perform internal
inspection after the power is cut off
Gas protection device function
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When the gas protection signal functions, the shift operator shall inspect the
transformer immediately and find out the cause, which may be air immersing, secondary
circuit fault or internal fault of the transformer. If there is gas in gas relay, record the
volume of gas, identify the gas color and find out whether the gas is flammable, sampling
the gas and perform chromatographic analysis with the oil samples in order to further
judge the fault property.
If the gas in the gas relay appears with no color, no smell and is non-flammable, and
chromatographic analysis shows that the gas is air, the transformer may continue to
operate. If the signal function is caused by the escape of air in the oil and the interval of
signal function shortens by times and tripping may be caused, the heavy gas shall be re-
input to signal and the situation shall be reported to upper class leader. Find out the
cause and eliminate it at the same time.
If the gas is flammable and the gas content exceeds normal value according to the
chromatographic analysis, based on the comprehensive judgment of regular test, if the
transformer has fault inside, it shall be stopped in order to analyze the cause of function
and perform inspection and test.
When the gas protection signal and tripping functions at the same time and the gas
is detected flammable, the transformer is not allowed to be put into service before
inspection and qualified test.
When the heavy gas functions tripping, the following measures shall be taken:
Inspect the gas property in the gas relay of the transformer, sampling the gas and oil
to perform chromatographic analysis and regular test;
Check whether the explosion door for the transformer sprays oil, the oil tank and
sleeve is changed in shape and leak oil;
Check whether the cooling device is normal, and stop the cooling device if the fan
and oil pump stops automatically;
Check whether the secondary circuit of the gas relay is reliable;
If the cause is malfunction of gas relay, operation is only allowable after the
malfunction is eliminated;
The cause is transformer internal fault according to comprehensive judgment,
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and the transformer must be stopped for handling, no power will be supplied.
The gas in the gas relay and fault property:

Gas color Failure property
Yellow and non-flammable Wooden failure
Light gray with foul smell, flammable Failure of paper or paperboard
The gray or black is flammable Failure of discharging in oil
No color, no smell and non-flammable Air
Note: The color of gas shall be immediately judged to prevent fade of color caused
by sedimentation.
Disposal rules for fire hazard of transformer
Phenomenon: Protect the transformer functions when it smokes and catches a fire
and the meters swing expressly.
Handling:
Cut off the power sources of the transformer at each side and input backup
transformer;
Stop the cooling device, put out the fire with fire fighting tools and report the situation
to the leader;
Equipment that may be threatened by the fire or obstruct fire fighting shall be cut off
from power in order to prevent fire spread.
The lower oil throttle shall be opened to discharge the oil in order to reach an
appropriate oil level when the oil of the oil immersed transformer spills to the
cover and enhances the fire. If a fire is caused by internal fault of transformer,
then it shall not discharge the oil in case severe explosion of transformer.
The fire caused by transformer oil discharged through ignition is able to be put out
via sands or dry powder extinguisher rather than water;
The whole fire fighting work shall be performed under command of the shift chief-
operator or electrical responsible person in the spot.
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Operation Procedures for Motor
4.1 Operation procedures for motor
Provisions on measurement of insulation resistance of motor
Insulation resistance, measured by 1000-2500V tramegger, of 11KV high-voltage
motor, is not lower than 10MΩ in the hot state, and is not lower than 30MΩ in the cold
state.
Insulation resistances, measured by 500V tramegger, of stators and rotors of low-
voltage motor, DC motor or wound rotor type motor of 400V or below, are not lower than
0.5MΩ.
The absorption, in which R60/R15 is less than the resistance value, of the high-
voltage motor with the capacity of 500KW or higher, shall be measured. If the absorption
is lower than 1/3 to 1/5 of the previous measurement resistance in comparison with the
previous resistance at the same temperature, the absorption is still considered to be
unqualified even if the absorption meets the requirements, thus causes shall be found
out before power transmission.
Interphase access of the motor shall be measured while measuring insulation
resistance.
In measuring insulation resistance, resistance, absorption, time, temperature and
voltage class of tramegger shall be recorded on the dedicated record book.
The insulation resistance, which is not lower than 0.5MΩ, of bearing support of new
or overhauled motor shall be measured by 1000V tramegger.
Insulation resistance of emergency motor shall be remotely measured regularly, and
shall be recorded (once a month).
The insulation resistance of the motor, before started, shall be measured, in the case
of the situations as below:
Motor or primary loop thereof has been overhauled, or motor is subject to power
failure for more than seven days.
Motor is located in the particularly dirty or particularly moisture environment.
Motor obviously fell into water, got wet in the rain or was subject to any other
abnormality that may make insulation resistance decline.
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Motor, in the general environment, is shut down for one month or more.
2．Provisions for permissible temperature and temperature rise for motor
The maximum permissible temperature of motor bearing shall abide by the provisions
of manufacturer. In the case that there are no provisions of the manufacturer, the
following standards may be followed:
The temperature of sliding bearing shall not exceed 80℃, and the temperature
rise shall be less than 45℃;
The temperature of rolling bearing shall not exceed 100℃, and the
temperature rise shall be less than 65℃.
Note:
Lubricating oil or lubricating grease for motor bearing shall meet the requirements on
operating temperature and rotating speed of bearing.
According to the provisions of the manufacturer, the highest monitoring temperatures
of both motor coil and iron core shall not exceed numerical values specified on
nameplates in any mode of operation.
In the case that there are no provisions for motor on the nameplate of the
manufacturer, the temperature of the motor shall be monitored with the following
materials:
When the air temperature of motor inlet or ambient temperature is 35℃, the
maximum permissible temperature of stator coil and iron core is 90℃, and the
permissible temperature rise is 55℃.
The temperature rise of the DC motor and the iron core shall not usually exceed
50℃, and the temperature rise of rectification surface shall not exceed 65℃.
The operating temperature of important motor has met the aforesaid standards. In
the absence of standby unit for switching, there is a need to intentionally monitor and pay
attention to temperature rise when the load of host may be affected by stopping the
service. Execute in accordance with provisions in the form below:
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Insulation Class A Class E Class B Class F

class
Therm Resist Therm Resi Therm Resi Therm Resi

omete omete stanc omete stanc omete stanc
Measuring ance
r r e r e r e
method metho
metho metho meth metho meth metho meth
d
d d od d od d od
Temp
St eratur 95 100 105 115 110 120 125 140
at e (℃)
or
Temp
coi eratur 55 60 65 75 70 80 85 100
l e rise
(℃)
St Temp
at eratur 100 100 105 115 110 120 125 140
or e (℃)
iro
Temp
n eratur 50 60 75 75 70 80 85 100
co e rise
re (℃)
No fixed temperature measuring device is provided to the motor. When thermometer
for monitoring temperature is embedded in a stator ventilating slot, the temperature of
motor shall not be allowed to over 85℃, and the temperature of shell shall not be allowed
to over 65℃.
For motor equipped with air cooler, the regulation of cooling water is subject to the
situation that there is no condensation on the air cooler. The water temperature of inlet
shall not be lower than 5℃ . The air temperature at inlet shall not exceed 50℃. When air
temperature at inlet of motor is lower than or higher than rated air temperature at inlet,
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stator current is allowed to increase or decrease in accordance with the provisions in the
following table, but the difference between air temperature at inlet and outlet shall not
exceed 30℃.
Air temperature at inlet (℃) 25 30 35 40 45 50
HV motor Permissible stator current (%) 108 105 100 95 88 75
LV motor 108 105 100 95 90 85
Provisions on operating parameters of motor
The motor may operate under 95%-110% of its rated voltage, with the rated output
unchanged. When the voltage is lower than rated value, current may be increased
correspondingly, but shall not exceed 10% of the rated value.
When the motor operates, the unbalanced value of interphase voltage shall not
exceed 5% of the rated voltage; three-phase current difference shall not exceed 10% of
rated value, and current of any phase shall not exceed the rated value.
When voltage is a rated value, the frequency of motor is allowed to change in the
range from 47.5Hz to 50.5Hz, and the rated output value is maintained. Motor is not
allowed to operate at low frequency.
Provisions on vibration and play of motor
When the motor operates, vibration (double-amplitude) measured by each bearing shall be no
more than the following numerical values:
Rated speed r/min 3000 1500 1000 750 or below
Vibration value mm 0.05 0.085 0.10 0.12
Due to axial play of motor during its operation, sliding bearing shall not exceed 2-
4mm, and rolling bearing shall not exceed 0.05mm.
4.2 General principles of operation for motor
The shell of each motor shall be provided with rated nameplate of original
manufacturer. In case any nameplate was lost, new nameplate shall be provided on the
basis of data of original manufacturer or test results.
Motors in the standby mode shall be inspected frequently to ensure that it can be
started at any time, and shall be switched and started regularly based on provisions in
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“Procedures for Periodic Check and Switching Test”.
High-voltage motors are all provided with heaters. Heaters shall be put into operation
when motors do not operate. The insulation resistance of each motor in the standby
mode may not be measured at ordinary times if the heater is put into normal operation,
but shall be measured after the overhaul.
Any standby motor with starting conditions shall be started once half a month. The
insulation resistance of any standby motor without starting conditions shall be measured
by operator once half a month, otherwise insulation shall be measured before it starts.
Keep the ambient environment of motor clean and dry in such a way of preventing
the intrusion of water, vapor and oil, especially keep the vicinity of an air vent free of any
barrier and dust.
Both control button and emergency button of start motor shall have permanent
marks for indicating to which motor it belongs. Site emergency obstruction button shall be
provided with a protective cover.
A rotating part of motor shall be provided with a firm barrier or shield.
Outgoing line of an AC motor winding shall be indicated with its phase. Outgoing line
of a DC motor winding shall be indicated with its polarity.
Fireproof explosion-proof motor shall be employed at places with explosion and fire
dangers, and its outgoing line shall be provided with fireproof explosion-proof measures.
The shells of both motor and starting device shall be grounded reliably.
Starting, inspection and maintenance for motor
Conditions for trial run of motor by power transmission:
After the overhaul, all maintenance personnel leave, with proper handover;
Take back all work sheets, and take down all safety precautions;
No electric circuit is used for other purposes;
Measure the insulation resistance of motor to be qualified;
Check all parts of motor without abnormality
Note: In case the motor conducts test run during maintenance, electric operation
personnel shall execute in accordance with various operation provisions of motor, after
reporting to Shift supervisor for approval followed by undergoing specified procedures
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according to the director’s requirements. After completion of test run, motor shall be
restored to the state before test run, followed by keeping records.
Inspection items before power transmission to motor:
Take back all work sheets, and take down all safety precautions;
Make sure motor and ambient environment to be clean, without impurities for
getting in the way of operation;
Make sure that machinery carried by the motor is in good condition, and back
gears and protective covers were installed with starting conditions;
Make sure that oil in bearing and starting device is at normal level, with normal
oil color;
Make sure that anchor screws are connected firmly, without loosening. Make
sure that cable joints, cable grounding wires and motor grounding wires are
reliable and in good condition;
Make sure that air ducts are free of impurities, and cooler and air cooler operate
properly;
Make sure that thermometer and temperature measuring device are in good
condition, with correct indication;
Make sure that all parts of the switch are in good condition and signals indicate
accurately;
Under any possible condition, rotors shall be rotated flexibly, without friction
between dynamic and static states, by a manual mode or a tool box.
Motor shall have no reversal phenomenon caused by machinery, and reversion
shall be tried to stop, if any.
Pay attention to whether communtator surface of DC or winding motor is in good
condition and starting device is in good condition, followed by paying
particular attention to whether electric brush is closely in contact with slip
ring, slip ring short-circuit protection device is in an off position, and all start
resistance are put into operation.
Main circuit switch or starter of motor is tested in good condition. Protection
devices are good in condition. All protection and pressing plates are put into
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operation by rule.
Motors participating in interlocking shall be used for interlocking before putting
into operation.
Provisions on motor starting
The motor is started or stopped by either a controller or a watcher specialized in
electrical engineering. Shift supervisor shall be informed before HV motor, LV motor with
large capacity are started. Check whether current and vibration exceed the provisions
after the motor starts for operation.
Normal motors are not allowed to start with load. Take strict precaution against
starting under the condition that fan rotates inversely due to bad sealing of fan damper.
Under normal circumstances, cage motor is only allowed to start once under the hot
state (hot state means that the temperatures of iron core and coil are 50℃ or more or
operating time exceeds 4-6 hours), and allowed to start two times continuously under the cold
state, but not more than once every five minutes. However, motor can be started one more
time during accident handling and at the time that the motor is started for no more than 2-3
seconds. When dynamic balance test is conducted, time between starting is:
Motor of 200KW or below shall be started for no less than 0.5 hours.
Motor of 200-500KW shall be started for no less than 1 hour.
Motor of 500KW or more shall be started for no less than 2 hours.
When the motor starts, the whole starting process shall be monitored based on
current. Inspect whether current of motor exceeds rated value after completion of
starting. Inspect and regulate motor body and machinery provided to it as the
circumstances may require, if necessary.
Cut off power supply immediately for inspection and restart the motor after finding out
causes and troubleshooting, in the case that rotor does not rotate or rotates slowly, with
abnormal sound and abnormal operation of the driving machinery, and current indicator does
not return to normal value during speeding up of starting at a certain period of time.
In case the motor started smokes, vibrates strongly or catches fire, it shall cut off
power supply, stop operation, and inform maintenance personnel of checking and
treatment.
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It should be noted that the turning direction of new motor or motor started initially
after the overhaul is in line with the direction defined on the equipment, otherwise it shall
cut off power supply for correction.
Inspection and maintenance during operation of motor
When motor operates, motor is generally monitored and inspected by the shift
operator for the machinery carried by the motor. Electric shift operator shall strengthen
the monitoring and inspection on important motors, including water pumps, fans, etc.
Contents of monitoring and inspection are as follows:
Both current and voltage of motor shall not exceed permissible values.
Temperature and temperature rise of the motor are in the specialized range.
Temperature measuring equipment is in good condition.
Cooling system of motor (including water cooling system) is in good condition.
There is no abnormal sound and odor around the motor.
Lubrication and temperature of motor bearing are normal. Inspect whether oil
system and water cooling system of the strongly lubricated bearing operate
properly.
Test whether motor stator and bearing are overheated, and vibrated excessively
via hand feel.
Keep the motor and ambient environment clean. Keep the vicinity of the motor
free of impurities that hinders the operation. Make sure that there is no
water leakage, oil leakage and air leakage.
Anchor screws of the motor shall be fastened. All protective covers, junction
boxes, grounding wires and control boxes shall be in good condition. No
overheating is caused on cable joints and cables.
Pay attention to whether the electric brushes of DC motor and winding motor
are on fire.
Operation and maintenance of motor:
Keep the motor body and surroundings clean frequently.
Patrol and inspect the motor periodically by regulation, record various
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abnormalities and defects founded, and handle those situations promptly.
Handle water leakage and air leakage danger to the safety operation of the motor
promptly followed by keeping the motor away from water and moisture to
protect the insulation of the motor by means of taking measures.
Alternatively operate the motors periodically by rule to keep the health levels of
the standby motors and truly realize their reserving effect; inspect the
insulation of stopped and standby motors periodically, and promptly handle
the situation that any motor has improper insulation.
The lubricating grease for the motor bearing shall meet the requirements on
operating temperature, revolving speed and operating environment of the
bearing.
4.3 Operation procedure for power failure and power transmission of motor
Power transmission principle for HV motor
Inspect whether the motor has power transmission conditions;
Inspect whether the switch is at the off position, and the grounding knife switch
is at the off position;
Turn the switch to the test position for locking;
Plug in secondary plug, feed operating power supply, and inspect whether
energy is normal;
Inspect whether the protection device for motor is put into normal operation.
Perform normal switching on/off test continuously; cut off its operating power
supply.
Inspect whether the switch is at the off position, and turn the switch to the
operating position for locking.
Feed operating power supply.
Power failure principle of HV motor:
Turn off the switch of the motor to stop its operation (in case of linkage
equipment, exit interlocking switch in advance);
Inspect that the switch has been switched off;
Cut off operating power supply, and turn the switch to the test position for
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locking; take down the secondary plug;
Pull out the switch to be overhauled out of the switch cabinet;
In case only parts of machines operate, turn the switch to the test position only.
In case the motor is overhauled, switch on the corresponding knife switch.
The electrical operator shall inspect whether there are conditions that affects the
safety of power transmission around the motor, after receiving the notice to
require power transmission;
The electrical operator shall be present for the first start of the motor after
completion of overhaul;
The electrical operator shall contact relevant disciplines to confirm that the
motor has stopped after receiving the notice to require stopping the motor;
Power failure and power transmission of motor shall be conducted with the shift
supervisor’s commands, followed by undergoing the specified procedures
(contact form for power failure and power transmission of the LV motor shall
be filled out; power failure and power transmission of HV motor shall be
conducted in terms of the operation order.) .
4.4 Abnormal operation and accident handling of motor
High temperature of motor
Possible reasons for abnormal phenomenon that motor is abnormally overheated,
but stator current does not exceed the normal range, are as follows:
The air inlet door is closed, and air duct is blocked.
Ambient air circulation is not smooth, and air inlet temperature is excessively
high.
Air cooler system for high-capacity motor is in fault.
Reasons for abnormal phenomenon that the bearing is overheated are as follows:
The oil supply failed (there are troubles in strongly lubricated motor and oil
pump; oil filter or oil cooler is blocked; oil groove on the bearing bush is
blocked or smoothed; the oil level of the oil inlet tank is excessively low;
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motor oil ring lubricated by the oil ring is locked or rotates slowly; the inner
oil level of the bearing box is excessively low), the grease for rolling bearing
is insufficient or excessive.
Oil, with water, is unclean or too thick, or is used incorrectly.
Rotating belt is pulled tightly; the bearing cover is covered tightly; bearing bush
surface is scrapped improperly; gaps between bearings are too small.
The axis or bearing of the motor is inclined (generally occurred after installation
or overhaul).
Centers are not aligned or convex teeth of elastic coupler operate unevenly.
Inner wear of the rolling bearing is caused.
Current has flowed through the bearing; axle journal is subject to abrasion;
bearing alloy is melt.
Axial play, bearing knock or bearing squeezed may be caused by rotor that is
not located in the center of the magnetic field.
The motor sparkles while started.
The motor sparkles or smokes during starting or operation, caused by the possible
circumstances as follows:
Rotors and stators are collided due to unaligned centers or worn bearing bush.
Copper (aluminum) strips of cage rotor are broken or contacted improperly.
There is a defective insulation on leads.
The motor is not started.
Possible reasons for abnormal phenomenon that the motor, after switched on,
does not rotate but makes a sound only, or cannot be up to the normal
revolving speed while the motor is started, are as follows:
One phase of stator circuit is broken (one phase of fuse is fused; there is a poor
contact on one phase of cable joint, knife switch or switch; one phase of
stator winding is broken).
There is either disconnection or poor contact in the rotor circuit (connection between
cage rotor copper strip or aluminum strip and end ring is damaged;
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the welding joint of wound rotor winding is melt; connection between the
lead and the slip ring is damaged; the brush is in fault), the starting device
circuit is disconnected.
Motor rotor or machine dragged by it is locked.
Motor stator circuit is connected improperly. For example, in case the △-shaped
wire is mistakenly connected to be Y shape, or one phase of the three-
phase winding of the Y-shaped wire is connected reversely.
The power voltage of the motor is excessively low.
Handling: On the basis of the aforementioned possible causes, inspect whether
the power supply is in good condition, and then inspect whether switch,
knife switch, fuse and primary loop are connected, and finally inspect
whether starting equipment and circuit are in good condition followed by
eliminating defects one by one. In case of interior faults of the motor, inform
the electrical operator of overhaul.
Repeatedly tripping of the motor after started
Possible reasons for the protection device trips after the motor started are as follows:
Driven machine is in fault.
Short circuit has occurred in either motor or cable.
Protection setting value is too low, and the time limit for overload protector is
insufficient.
Handling: Find out the reasons according to protection actions; inspect whether the
switch is in good condition without protection actions.
The motor has an excessively high operating temperature or smokes.
When the motor operates, its winding and iron core, sometimes, have excessively
high temperature, so that the motor shell is too hot to touch, and sometimes the motor
may smoke. Reasons for excessively high operating temperature or smoking are as
follows:
Power supply: The power voltage of the motor is excessively low or excessively
high due to two-phase operation.
Motor body: The winding is grounded, or interphase short circuit or
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turn-to-turn short circuit is caused; stator and rotor iron cores are worn, or
sticking is caused by poor equipping quality; wound rotor winding joint is
loosened, or cage rotor strip is broken.
Load: Mechanical load is too heavy or is locked.
Cooling: It is difficult to cool due to excessively high ambient environment; the
cooling of motor winding is affected due to much dust; fan is damaged or
installed reversely; air vents are blocked to cause the air intake is not smooth;
motor cooler is in fault, water outlet door is closed mistakenly due to
inadequate water flow, and the cooler is block.
Handling: In case of the aforesaid circumstances, the motor shall be stopped for
overhaul.
The motor makes abnormal noise or vibrates strongly.
Possible reasons for abnormal phenomenon that motor makes abnormal noise or
vibrates strongly, are as follows:
The centers of the motor and the machine driven by it are not aligned.
The unit is out of balance (including the driven mechanical rotating parts and
motor rotor).
Rotating parts rub against static parts.
The bearing has been damaged due to oil storage or axle journal has been
worn down.
Coupler and its connecting device are damaged.
Driven machine is damaged.
Cage rotor end ring is cracked or copper strips are contacted improperly.
Motor rotor iron core is damaged or loosened, and spindle is bent or cracked.
Some parts (such as bearing end cover) of the motor are loosened or motor
base and foundation are not connected firmly.
The uneven distribution of air gaps among motor stators and rotors exceed the
specified value.
Two-phase operation or overload operation, stator winding break, and
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three-phase current unbalance
Handling: In case of the aforesaid circumstances, the motor shall be stopped for
handling. In order to find out causes for the vibration of the motor, the motor shall be
started under no load after the coupler is taken apart; in case the motor vibrates in good
condition when it operates under no load, it means that the vibration is caused by the
machine driven by the motor, maintainer shall furthermore find out causes followed by
eliminating.
Motor automatically trips during operation.
Phenomenon: There is an emergency alarm signal, and the current indicated is at
zero.
Handling: Standby motor shall be started promptly after the motor automatically trips; in
the case that important motor strips and there is no standby motor or the standby motor is
unable to be started rapidly, the tripped motor is allowed to power on again in order to ensure
the safety of the motor and furnace, except in the following circumstances:
There is an obvious short-circuit or damage phenomenon on the motor body,
regulating device for motor starting or power supply cable wire.
Fatal accident needing to stop operation occurs.
Machine driven by the motor is damaged and fails to maintain operation.
Motor loses voltage.
Phenomenon: The current indicated is at zero, and the revolving speed of the motor
is reduced to zero.
Handling: The switches of the motors that are not important and are not allowed to
start automatically shall be manually switched off promptly; in the case that the motor
loses voltage, the shift operator is forbidden to switch off the motor switch manually
within one minute in order to ensure that the standby power supply can be started
automatically after automatically switched.
11. The motor is on fire.
When the motor is on fire, cut off the power supply followed by extinguishing a fire; in
using dry powder extinguisher, pay attention to prevent dust from falling into the bearing,
put out a fire by atomizing fire fighting water as necessary, and forbid spurting out water
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into the motor.
12. Conditions for immediately stopping the motor
Stop the motor promptly and cut off the power supply, in case one of the following
situations occurs:
Fatal accidents with the need of stopping the motor promptly occur.
The motor and the starting device smoke or are on fire.
The motor vibrates strongly.
The motor and the machine driven by it are damaged to be dangerous.
The current is suddenly indicated to the maximum value and lasts.
The motor stator is flooded with water.
The power supply is in fault or is subject to phase-deficiency operation.
Conditions for stopping the motor:
As for important house motor, the standby motor may be started and then the
faulted motor is stopped, in case one of following circumstances occurs:
The motor makes abnormal sound or has the burnt smell.
Sparks or smoke occurs in either motor or starting device.
Stator current exceeds the rated value, but current fluctuates.
The temperature of the bearing exceeds the permissible value, and rises
continuously.
The revolving speed of the motor declines suddenly.
The transmission of the machine driven by the motor is out of order.
The vibration of the motor exceeds the specified value.
Air temperatures of iron core, stator coil and outlet are higher than normal value
by 10℃ or more, and tends to rise continuously.
The cooling system of the motor is in fault.
It may be threatened by floods or other external causes.
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Operation Procedures for Power Distribution Unit
5.1 Switch
High-voltage switch operation provisions:
New high-voltage switch shall be provided with switch test report and conform to
the following requirement;
The switch shall not operate over rated current;
Strictly prohibit locally operate switching mechanism divide-shut brake manually;
The conductive parts shall be regarded as being charged when the switch is on
operating and standby state, and the switch body operation shall be
conducted by at least two persons;
Opening the front and rear panel of the switch is strictly prohibited in operation;
In case of the automatic tripping, the switch can be used only after identifying
causes;
As for switch failure tripping, the shift operator shall make a record about the
switch trip.
In respect of the high-voltage switch, the power cut shall be applied for in case of the
following:
The sleeve is badly broken and discharges;
The abnormal sound exists inside the switch;
As for the vacuum switch, the leakage acoustic due to vacuum breakdown
happens;
The switch tripping circuit failure;
Serious threat exists to persons and equipment.
Normal inspection items for high-voltage switch
The consistency in the indication of the panel position for the switching
mechanism, background, and the corresponding protection and monitoring
device;
The insulated porcelain shall be complete and with no rupture, and there is
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no flashover on the surface;
The connection parts are well-connected, and there is no looseness and
heating;
No sinking, corrosion and sealing-off is on the switch base, and ground
connection parts are well-connected;
The inspection switch mechanism box, operation box and terminal box door
shall be closed tightly to avoid rain intrusion, and the moisture-removing
heater must be used;
The spring operating mechanism shall conduct energy storage normally;
Special inspection items for high-voltage switch
In the time of high temperature season and peak load, all the contacts shall be
checked for overheating by using infrared thermometer (normally, once
every half year);
In the time of the heavy fog weather, the porcelain shell shall be checked for
serious flashover discharge;
After a storm, the porcelain shell shall be checked for flashover discharge;
In the time of the windy weather, the lead shall be checked for serious swing
and hanging objects, and there is no object easy to be rolled up;
Operation
Operating the divide-shut brake for the switch under normal operation shall be
conducted on the background.
Under special circumstances, the closing operation can be conducted at site
switch control box or control panel provided that operation can not be
conducted on the background, the switch body and interval equipment are
surely failure-free, and the trolleys carries no load, but the switch body
mechanical switching button shall not be operated.
In case of the emergency and accident, under the condition that the operation
can not be conducted on the background and the emergency and accident
are not caused by the switch body, the opening operation can be conducted
at site switch control box or control panel. The switch body
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mechanical emergency separating brake button can be used only under the
condition that the major hazard can not be caused during separating brake,
and the leader shall be reported to immediately after the use. In case that
the switch of the high voltage auxiliary can not conduct separating brake, if
the emergency separating brake must be conducted at the switch body, the
order must be given by shift chief-operator.
Cautions for operation:
When the switch is in operation, the energy storage power switch of the
operating mechanism and spring operating organization motor shall not be
switched on randomly.
The spring energy storage switch conduct the energy storage in the time of
switching on, the energy storage time does not exceed 15 seconds
generally, and the spring energy storage shall be released before the switch
maintenance.
In case of the trip due to the switch fault, the shift operator shall make a serious
record on the trip and failure current intensity.
The switch motion number shall be copied on 10th of the first month in every
quarter and after the switch maintenance.
Abnormality treatment
In case of the alarm of the signal “No Energy Storage for Spring” for the switch, if
the switch is in the sub-brake state, the closing circuit will be locked; if the switch is in
closing state, separating brake can be conducted, but no closing after opening is
allowed.
Causes:
No energy-storage power, failure on the stored energy motor or the motor control
circuit, etc.
Handling:
To conduct on-site inspection on whether the energy storage instructions are in
place;
To check whether the switch energy-storage power source is normal;
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In case the problem can not be settled, report to the dispatcher or other
department and request sending people to deal with it.
Treatment in case that switch refuses to move and moves by mistake:
When the switch refuses closing, analysis the failure cause according to relevant
happened light word signal and switch position instructions. Local closing is prohibited
in the switching mechanism box. If there is no obvious signal, the check shall be made
according to the switch control circuit drawing, and the following are possible causes:
The spring mechanism does not store energy;
Direct current operation fuse failure or direct current grounding happens;
The closing coil burns out;
The relevant relay contact stagnation or bad contact exists;
Other disconnection of the control circuit
The treatment in case that the switch refuses opening is similar to that in case that
the switch refuses closing, and the difference is that the opening circuit shall be
checked. If the fault clearance fails, the dispatcher and relevant department shall be
reported to immediately, and operation mode shall be changed and the switch shall be
insulated according to the dispatching instruction. Local opening can, if necessary, be
tried in the switchgear machinery box.
Control circuit disconnection
Phenomenon:
A signal that “Switch Control Circuit Disconnects or Direct Power Source
Disappears” as for a switch is displayed on the background.
Handling:
Check whether the air switch of the corresponding two-way direct-current power
source on the direct current cabinet trips and whether the fuse burns out.
If the air switch does not trip and the direct current cabinet indicates normal, the
direct current circuit shall be checked for abnormality such as ground connection by
using insulation inspection device, and then the joints of the circuit shall be checked
for looseness and short circuit.
In case of the disconnection of the trip coil, it could be due to the signal triggered
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by loss of excitation of a closing position relay. Check whether there is relevant
information in the alarm content on the background or the position signal of the relay in
the measuring and control device panel.
11KV vacuum switch components functions
11KV switch cabinet mis-operation prevention interlocking device
The safe and reliable interlocking device, which satisfies the requirement of
“five-prevention”, is equipped in the switchgear.
The intelligent manipulator is equipped on the switch cabinet door to remind the
operating personnel for avoiding closing and opening switch by mistake.
Only when the switch handcart is at test or operating position, the switch can
conduct closing and opening operation, and after the switch is closing, the
handcart can not move to avoid the load pushing and pulling switch by
mistake.
Only when earthing knife switch is at opening position, the switch handcart can
move to operating position from test/working position. Only when switch
handcart is at test/working position, the earthing knife switch can conduct
closing operation (the display device with voltage is equipped at the rear
door of the switch cabinet) in order to avoid closing the earthing switch by
mistake when the system is on load, and closing when the earthing switch
is at closing position.
When the earthing switch is at opening position, the bottom door and rear seal plate
can not be opened in order to avoid straying into charged interval.
When the switch handcart is surely at test or operating position and does not
control voltage (the switch has not stored energy), the switch can be only
opened manually, and can not be closed manually. When the switch is in
operation, manual breaking and closing on the switch body after opening
the cabinet door is prohibited.
When the switch handcart is at operating position, due to the mechanical
interlocking, the secondary plug is locked and can not be removed, and can
be removed or inserted only when the switch handcart is at test/off position.
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Since the closing mechanism of the switch handcart is locked by the
electromagnetism, opening switch can only be conducted manually as for
the switch handcart before secondary plug is not connected, so there is no
way to make it closing.
Charged display device: The device is connected with the high voltage sensor
by the wire. The device can indicate if the high voltage circuit is charged in
order to avoid closing the earthing switch when the system is on load.
Condensation prevention: Condensation is prevented by equipping the heater at
switch house and cable chamber since the condensation
producing under the circumstances of high humidity and temperature
variation can cause danger.
11KV Operation of vacuum switch
Though the switchgear is designed with the interlock to ensure right operating
procedure for all parts of the switchgear, the operator shall input and output the
parts of the switchgear in strict accordance with the operation procedure. The
operation shall not be conducted until the relevant specialty is contacted. In case
the power-cut operation need to be conducted at site, shift chief-operator of central
control room shall be noticed and the operation shall be conducted with permission.
Operation of switch cabinet without earthing switch:
Put the removable units of switch into the cabinet body:
When the trolley is to be pushed into the cabinet, it shall be checked that if the
switch is in good condition, if there is neglected loading for units, and if there are
sundries such as tools put in the mechanism box or the switch. Put the trolley on the
transport truck and make sure the trolley is locked after confirming no problem.
Before pushing the transport truck in front of the cabinet, lift the trolley to proper
position. After inserting the positioning lock plate in the front of the transport truck
into the dummy plate socket in the cabinet body and locking the transport truck and
the cabinet body, open the locking hook, push the trolley into the cabinet body
steadily, and lock it. After confirming the trolley and the cabinet body are locked,
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unlock the transport truck and the cabinet body. Push away the transport truck.
Trolley operation in cabinet
After the trolley is loaded in the cabinet body from the transport truck, the trolley is at
closing position in cabinet (exiting position). If the trolley needs to be operated, put the
trolley at test position and insert the auxiliary circuit plug. If it is charged with electricity
and the test position state indication on the switch panel is correct, the electric operation
test can be made on the trolley under the condition that the main circuit is not connected.
If the operation need to be carried on, lock all the cabinet door, insert into the keyhole
with key, lock the door and make sure the switch is at opening position. At this time,
insert the handcart operating crank into the operating hole on the middle panel, turn the
crank clockwise until the crank is blocked obviously and the obvious closing sound of
static and dynamic contact is heard, make sure the panel operation indication state is
correct, and then remove the crank. At this time, the main circuit is connected and the
switch is at operating position, the opening and closing operation can be conducted
through main circuit. If the trolley needs to exit from the operating position, make sure the
switch is at opening position, insert the handcart operating crank, and anticlockwise turn
the crank until the crank is blocked and the hasp sound is heard, and the trolley is put
back to the test position. At this time, the main circuit is fully disconnected and the metal
valve is closed.
Take out trolley from the cabinet:
If the trolley needs to be taken out, make sure the trolley is at test position,
remove auxiliary circuit plug, lock the moving plug onto the handcart frame, push
the transport truck in front of the cabinet (same as the trolley is put into the cabinet),
and unlock the trolley and pull out. When the handcart is fully into the transport truck
and confirmed to be locked, unlock the cabinet body of the transport truck, pull
backward the transport truck to proper distance and stop it steadily. When the trolley
needs to be transported by the transport truck for a long distance, attention shall be
paid in the process of transport in order to avoid accident.
Confirmation of opening and closing state of switch in cabinet:
The opening and closing state of switch can be determined by opening and
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closing indicator on the handcart panel and the breaking and closing indicator light
on the meter cabinet panel. The opening state can be determined if the green
opening indicator on the handcart panel can be seen on the glass window through
the middle panel of the cabinet body, at this time, if the auxiliary circuit plug is
charged, the opening indicator light on the instrument panel is on. The closing
opening state can be determined if the red closing indicator on the handcart panel
can be seen on the glass window through the middle panel of the cabinet body, at
this time, if the auxiliary circuit plug is charged, the closing indicator light on the
instrument panel is on.
Operation of switch cabinet with earthing switch:
The procedure of pushing into and pulling out the switch handcart is exactly the
same with the operation procedure for the switch cabinet without the earthing
switch. Attention shall be paid on the following during the handcart operation in the
cabinet and the operation of the earthing switch:
Handcart operation in cabinet:
When the handcart needs to be pushed to the operating position, besides the
above items shall be conformed to, the earthing switch shall be confirmed to be at
opening state, or the next operation can not be done.
Closing and opening earthing switch operation:
If the earthing switch needs to be closed, make sure the handcart has been
back to the test/opening position, remove the propelling crank, push the interlocking
curved plate at the operating hole of the earthing switch, insert the operating handle
of the earthing switch, and turn clockwise for 90°, and the earthing switch is at
closing state. If turn anticlockwise for 90°, the earthing switch is at opening state.
General operation of isolation cabinet:
The isolation handcart has no capacity of connecting and disconnecting load
current, so it is not allowed to push and pull the handcart under the condition of being
on-load. Under operation, the operator shall see clearly the interval, and no operation is
allowed until making sure the main circuit switch of the isolation handcart is at opening
position, and on-load closing the isolation handcart is strictly prohibited.
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The specific operation procedure is the same as the operation of switch handcart.
10. Operating maintenance of vacuum switch
Under the operation of the vacuum switch, the following shall be inspected:
Check the opening and closing mechanical position indication of the switch is
correct, and the position displayed on the intelligent manipulator conforms to
the actual operation position.
Check the insulator is clean and has no crack, breakage, discharge traces,
flashover, abnormal excitation and vibration sound.
Check the contact site of the contact does not overheat and has no abnormal
sound.
Check the switch insulated pull rod is complete and has no breakage, each
connecting rod shall not bend, the switch is at closing position, and the
spring shall be at stored energy state.
Check the switch cabinet of switch has no protection action indication.
When the environment temperature is below 5℃, check whether the switch
cabinet is in operation.
Abnormal operation of vacuum switch and accident handling
Phase failure in operation of vacuum switch:
Causes:
The overstrike switch does not conform to requirement and the normal contact
of the contact for the phase is affected;
Non-synchronous switch stroke;
Abnormal contact of the switch contact
When the vacuum switch in connected with high-voltage motor, phase loss
happens sometimes to make default phase for motor, which means the
motor can be burnt out.
In such case, the switch shall stop operating immediately, and then contact
personnel for maintenance.
Vacuum switch closing failure
Causes:
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Failure of electric aspect The main failures of electric aspect are as follows:
The control power supply disappears;
Switching voltage is too low (the operating voltage is lower than 0.85 time of
rated voltage); the capacity of the closing power source is not enough;
Disconnection or turn-to-turn short circuit of closing coil; wrong secondary
connection; bad contact of the switch auxiliary contact; connection of the
accident button circuit; abnormal energy storage; and circuit fault of DCS
Operating mechanism failure Main operating mechanism failures are as follows:
Opening hasp failure in the process of closing; wrong size of the opening
hasp; bending wafer and bad contact due to the stroke of the
auxiliary switch is too big; and locked mechanical interlock.
No closing is allowed until the above faults are handled.
Vacuum switch opening failure
Causes:
Failure of electric aspect Main failures are as follows: The control power supply
disappears; the breaking voltage is too low (the operating voltage is lower
than 0.85 time of rated voltage); disconnection of closing coil; wrong
secondary connection; bad contact of the switch auxiliary contact; and
circuit fault of DCS;
Operating mechanism failure Main failures are as follows: Bad adjustment of
stroke for opening iron core; over opening hasp; pin of the opening hasp
falling off; and stuck mechanism
The above fault shall be checked and removed one by one. The accident
anticipation shall be made in handling, and if necessary, open the switch in
every possible and safe way.
5.2 Busbar and knife switch
Basic essentials for knife switch operation:
The knife switch (disconnector) can be closed and opened only when the switch is at
opening state. The knife switch operation shall be fast and not conduct half-
stopping. As for the knife switch equipped with electric operating
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mechanism, the electric operating is preferable.
The closing and opening shall be in place during the operation of the knife switch
to avoid self-disengaging of the knife switch. Disconnect the transmission
mechanism power supply after the electric operating of knife switch
operation. When the electric operating knife switch is used, if the electric
operating can be conducted, the manual operation can be made only after
cutting the power supply of transmission mechanism.
Manual closing of the disconnector shall be fast and decisive. Do not push too
hard at the end of the travel to keep the support porcelain insulator from
damages and to avoid the switch is closed too far. If the electric arc exists in
the process of closing, the disconnector shall continue to be closed without
hesitation and pull back the disconnector is prohibited.
Manual opening of the disconnector shall be slow and cautious, especially when
the knife just leaves the fixed contact. At this time, in case of any electric arc,
the reverse operation shall be conducted immediately to close the
disconnector and stop operation.
In case of on-load opening knife switch, the switch shall be closed immediately
just after the switch is opened. In case of on-load closing knife switch, the
switch shall be opened again to avoid the elongating arc turns into the
interphase short circuit failure.
Operation allowed as for knife switch:
Open and close the faultless voltage transformer and arrester (as for the
transformer newly installed or after maintenance, if the condition permits, the
switch can be used for first electrification).
Open and close the arrester when there is no storm.
Open and close the faultless empty busbar, but the trial charging can not be
conducted as for busbar.
When there is no earth fault, open and close the transformer neutral point
earthing knife switch.
The outdoor knife switch can open and close the unloaded line whose
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capacitive current does not exceed 5A.
Open and close the unloaded line whose capacitive current is lower than 5A.
Open and close the unloaded transformer whose exciting current is lower than
2A.
Other operation approved and through calculation or test
Walkaround inspection for busbar and knife switch
Walkaround inspection items for knife switch are as follows:
The contact or junction shall be clean and contact shall be good. There is no
broken or loose screw, no serious heating and deformation, and no burn.
The operating temperature shall no exceed permissible value (check at fixed
period and make sure the temperature of the contact and junction does not
exceed 70℃ by using infrared thermometer).
The surface of the insulator shall be clean and have no crack, breakage, corona
and discharging.
The mechanical parts of the knife switch such as the body, connecting rod and
spindle have no deformation, and the units components are well connected
and in right position.
The lead is not loosed and has no severe swing, burn and broken strands.
All units of the operating mechanism shall be complete, in good condition and
fastened, and have no looseness and falling off. The operating mechanism
box, terminal box and auxiliary contact box shall be closed and well sealed.
There are no abnormalities in the operating mechanism box and terminal
box. The fuse protector, thermocouple relay, secondary connection, terminal
strip and heater etc. shall be in good condition.
The anti-misoperation blocking device shall be in good condition. The
electromagnetic lock or mechanical lock shall be free from damage. The
position of the auxiliary contact shall be correct and well contacted. The
auxiliary contact of the knife switch shall be installed securely. The
switchover shall be correct and the contact shall be in good condition.
As for the knife switch with earth switch, the blade and the knife mouth shall
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contact well, and the interlock shall be correct.
The static and dynamic contact of the earthing knife switch shall contact well, and
the position is correct and interlock shall be in good condition.
Walkaround inspection items for the busbar are as follows:
The busbar insulator shall be clean and have no breakage, crack and flashover.
It is visible that flexible connection of the busbar and T-connector shall have no
looseness, falling off, and the busbar shall have no deformation.
The flexible busbar connection shall have no breakage and traces of discharge,
and the screw is not loosened.
The normal operating temperature of the busbar shall be lower than 70℃ and
have no phenomenon of heating and turning red.
The foundation of the enclosed busbar shall be solid and not be wry and distorted
and the sound of abnormal discharge.
The surrounding of the busbar is clean and has no sundries.
There are four states for the busbar: operating, charging, cold standby and
maintenance.
The busbar voltage transformer shall be in operating state when the busbar is in
operating or cold standby state. The busbar state turning from cold standby to
maintenance shall include the state of the busbar voltage transformer turning from cold
standby to maintenance, and the busbar state turning from maintenance to cold standby
shall include the state of the busbar voltage transformer turning from maintenance to cold
standby.
The charging switch for the busbar shall be with protection (for instance, charging
protection of the buscouple and the bypass protection).
Abnormal operation of knife switch and accident handling
Overheating of the knife switch contact
Phenomenon: In case of overheating of the contact, the contact of the blade and
the conductor turns dark, and the chameleon paint or piece of the contact part
changes color, softens, displaces, and shines or melts;
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Possible causes:
The closing is not in place.
Bad contact is at knife edge, which makes the contact surface oxidized and
dirtied;
The contact is burnt out by the electric arc during opening and closing.
Linking parts wear or deform;
Contact fasteners loose, the spring of the blade or knife mouth rusts or
overheats to lower the spring pressure.
The knife switch overloads.
Treatment methods:
The infrared thermometer can be used to measure the temperature of the hot
spots to determine the degree of fever: if the busbar overheats, adjust the
load and reduce the hot spot current according to the degree and position
of the overheating, and if necessary, report the dispatcher to assist to
dispatch the load;
If the overheating is due to bad contact of contact, the contact can be pushed
with corresponding voltage grade insulating rod to make a good contact for
the contact, but it can not be too hard so as to avoid slippage which can
worsen the accident;
If the overheating of the knife switch is caused by overload, report the
dispatcher, reduce the load to rated value or below and strengthen the
monitoring, and the ventilation device can also be equipped to strengthen
cooling;
If the fever of the knife switch is deteriorating to threaten safe operation, power
cut shall be applied immediately.
The knife switch refuses to open and close.
Possible causes:
Operating mechanism failure Manual operating mechanism is frozen, rusted,
jammed, the porcelain is fractured or broken, the operating arm is fractured or
the pin falls off, the machinery parts are not connected after maintenance,
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and the transmission mechanism of the knife switch itself is in fault.
Electrical circuit failure Electric operation knife switch such as power circuit is in
fault, the motor operates abnormally or burns out; operation circuit switch or
the auxiliary contact of the knife switch contact improperly, the travel switch
and control switch of the knife switch switch improperly.
Misoperation or anti-misoperation device failure The blocking device to avoid
misoperationg is equipped between the switch and knife switch breaker,
when the operation sequence is wrong, since the locked knife switch
refuses to open and close, the knife switch will reject to move in case of
anti-misoperation device failure.
The knife switch contact is under fusion welding or the contact deforms.
Treatment methods:
When action is refused due to the operating mechanism failure, strong impact
operation shall not be conducted, the support pin and each part of the
operating arm should checked to find out the reason of resistance augment,
such as the rust exists, mechanical machinery is stuck, the units is broken,
the main contact is blocked or under fusion welding, the relevant personnel
shall be contacted for maintenance.
In case of the electric circuit failure, the failure reasons should be found out and
the corresponding measures shall be taken.
If it is confirmed that it is not the misoperation but the anti-misoperation locking
circuit failure, the reason shall be found out to eliminate
anti-misoperation device failure. Otherwise, according to the required
conditions of blocking, strictly inspect the position status of the
corresponding switch and knife switch, and the operation can conducted
after checking and removing the locking of the anti-misoperation device.
Busbar abnormal operation and accident treatment:
High operation temperature: Report to the chief shift operator and electrical
supervisor to turn down the load, adjust the operation mode, and cut off power. If it is
hard to make the busbar out of service temporarily, the powerful cooling method shall
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be taken to keep running, but the highest operating temperature shall not exceed the
following provisions:
General current-carrying part shall be less than 115 ℃;
Bolt fastening part shall be less than 80 ℃;
Parts of pressure welding with spring shall be less than 75 ℃;
Tin contact surface of busbar shall be less than 85℃, and the copper connection
part shall be less than 95℃.
Discharge due to busbar insulator breakage: To strengthen the monitoring, report
the chief shift operator, and cut off power as soon as possible.
5.3 Transformer
Allowable operation mode for transformer Allowable
operation mode for voltage transformer:
The voltage transformer can operate for a long time if the operating capacity of
voltage transformer does not exceed the specified rated capacity on the
nameplate.
The voltage transformer is allowed to conduct long-term operation under no more
than 1.1 times of the rated voltage.
The insulation resistance shall be measured and qualified before the voltage
transformer is put into operation. When the voltage transformer primary side
rated voltage is 3 KV and above, The 2500v megohm meter shall be used to
make measurement, and the insulation resistance shall be not less than
1MΩ /KV and not less than 1/3 - 1/5 of the previous measured value in the
same conditions; as for the secondary side, the 500v megohm meter shall be
used to make measurement, and the insulation resistance shall be not less
than 0.5MΩ and not less than 1/3 - 1/5 of the previous measured value in the
same conditions. When the secondary side neutral point of the voltage
transformer applies the insulation puncture lightning arrester for grounding
(applied in the low earthing current system), the insulation puncture lightning
arrester applies 500v megohm meter to make measurement, and the
insulation resistance shall be not less than 0.5 MΩ.
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The secondary side of voltage transformer in operation shall not have not short
circuit.
Secondary winding must have and only have one-point grounding. Prevent
insulation breakdown between the primary and secondary windings to make
the high voltage turns into the low voltage side to endanger the secondary
equipment and personal safety.
The secondary side of voltage transformer in operation shall not have not short
circuit. As for the voltage transformer in operation is out of service, attention
shall be paid on the influence of the corresponding protection.
When the abnormal conditions may develop into accidents at any time, the high
pressure switch blade of the voltage transformer shall not be opened at a
close range but shall be opened at a remote range to remove the fault of the
voltage transformer by using corresponding switch. It may not parallel the
secondary winding of the voltage transformer in fault to that with a voltage
transformer in normal operation. The busbar differential protection for the
busbar of the voltage transformer in fault shall not be out of service.
When the voltage transformer is in operation, the circuit of secondary open-delta
coil should be loosened in the terminal box.
The outage switching of voltage transformer shall include high-pressure side switch
blade, the secondary small switch or the fuse of the voltage transformer to
prevent reverse charge by the secondary side. The order is the secondary and
then the primary for blackout, and the reverse order for power
transmission.
Allowable operation mode for current transformer:
The current transformer shall operate within in rated capacity stipulated on the
nameplate. If the operation is conducted over the rated capacity stipulated
on the nameplate, the accuracy will be lowered, the measuring error will
increase, and the reading of the meter is not accurate.
The primary side current of the current transformer is allowed to conduct long-
term operation under no more than 1.1 times of the rated current. In
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case of long-term overload operation, the measuring error will increase, and
the winding may overheat or damage.
Before the current transformer is put into operation, the insulation resistance
should be measured and qualified. When the current transformer primary
side rated voltage is 3 KV and above, The 2500v megohm meter shall be
used to make measurement, and the insulation resistance shall be not less
than 1MΩ /KV and not less than 1/3 - 1/5 of the previous measured value in
the same conditions; as for the secondary side, the 500v megohm meter
shall be used to make measurement, and the insulation resistance shall be
not less than 1MΩ and not less than 1/3 - 1/5 of the previous measured
value in the same conditions.
The secondary side of the current transformer in operation shall not open circuit.
If the secondary side of the current transformer in operation opens circuit
(such as demolition of instrument), the secondary side terminals shall be
short connected reliably using connector before the disconnection.
Secondary winding must have one-point grounding. The reason is the same as
that of the voltage transformer.
Operating maintenance of transformer
Examination prior to operation for transformer
Before power transmission, relevant work certificate shall be taken back, all
temporary maintenance safety facilities shall be removed, fixed safety
facilities shall be restored, and whether the insulation resistance is qualified
shall be measured;
Check the primary side neutral-point earthing and the secondary winding one-
point earthing are in good condition;
Check the fuse of the primary and secondary side and secondary side quick air
switch are in good condition and good contact;
Check whether the appearance is clean and insulator is without damage, crack
and sundry around. Check the oil level and oil color of the oil-filled
transformer is normal and with no seepage and leakage; and the connection
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of the contact parts of is in good condition.
Phase shall be checked before voltage transformer is put into service for the first
time or the circuit is in work; and polarity shall be checked before current
transformer is put into service for the first time or the circuit is in work;
Walkaround inspection on the voltage transformer in operation:
Check the insulator shall be clean, and without damage, crack and discharge;
Check the oil level shall be normal, the oil should be transparent not black, and
with no seepage and leakage;
Check the internal voice shall be normal, there is no sound of discharge and
severe electromagnetic vibration, and there is no burning smell;
Check the sealing device shall be good and the screws of every part shall be
secure and with no looseness;
Check the primary side lead connector shall be in good contact and with no
looseness and overheating;
Check the secondary side grounding shall be in good condition;
Check the primary side neutral-point earthing of the voltage transformer shall be
in good condition;
Terminal box shall be clean and not be affected with damp.
The high-voltage fuse of 35kV busbar voltage transformer shall be in good
condition.
Walkaround inspection on the current transformer in operation:
The porcelain part shall be clean, and without damage, crack and discharge;
There shall be no abnormal sound and burning smell;
The primary side lead connector shall be in good contact and the crimping screw
shall have no looseness and overheating;
The secondary winding grounding wire shall be firm and with no looseness and
breakage;
Terminal box shall be clean and not be affected with damp, and the secondary
terminal is in good contact and has no open circuit, sparking and discharge.
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Transformer abnormal operation and troubleshooting
The transformer shall stop being used immediately in case of any one of the
following:
The fuse for high voltage side of the voltage transformer fuses 2 - 3 times in a
row.
There is discharge noise or other noise in the oil-filled transformer; there is oil
leak in the transformer or gummosis at the exit of lead.
Transformer smokes or has no burning smell.
There is a spark discharge between the transformer winding or lead and the
shell.
Operation temperature of the transformer is too high.
The primary and secondary circuit for voltage transformer disconnect:
Phenomenon:
The alarm signal "Voltage Circuit Breaking” is shown;
The voltage indication is zero or three-phase voltage discords, active power
indication disorders, and the watt hour meter may stall.
Low voltage relay may act, the grounding signal may be send, and normal phase
voltage indication is normal.
Handling:
Stop using relevant relay protection and automatics to prevent misoperation.
When the instrument indicates inaccurately due to secondary side circuit failure,
the operation mode of device can be monitored according to other
instruments to prevent misoperation;
Check the contact of secondary voltage circuit for looseness and disconnection,
whether the secondary plug is in bad contact, and whether the air switch of
secondary side trips, if tripping happens, trial power on can be tried once, if it
fails, trial power on can not be tried again;
If the high-voltage fuse fuses, investigate causes and take measures such as
replacing the fuse and changing the fuse; if low-voltage fuse fuses, replace it
immediately.
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Secondary open circuit of current transformer
Phenomenon:
The alarm signal "breaking blocking" is shown for the relevant protection;
Relevant current and electric energy meter indication decrease or turn to zero. ;
The noise of the fault current transformer is not normal. When it goes serious, sparks
can be spurting out with discharge noise, and smell or smoke.
The breakdown of current terminal block may occur
Handling:
Determine it is the open circuit of measurement circuit or protection circuit, before
handling, it shall be taken into consideration that stopping operation may
cause the protection of maloperation;
Try to reduce the load current, and short connect the current transformer
secondary terminal. If it is due to the internal fault, power shall be cut off to
handle it.
If open circuit is obvious, short circuit shall be conducted first at front terminal of
the open circuit, and try to get the open circuit connected;
If open circuit is not obvious, according to the wiring diagram, check the current
meter, power meter terminal and protection screen, relay terminal for open
circuit, and during checking, the clip-on ammeter can be used;
Personnel, who checks the current transformer secondary open-circuit, shall
wear insulating boots, stand on the insulating mat, wear insulating gloves,
and use qualified tools;
If getting close is not available due to the limitation of the safe distance, power
shall be cut off.
If secondary open circuit is caused by the loosened secondary terminal, it can be
handled by reducing load and necessary safety measures;
In case of smoke and fire, immediately open switch and put out the fire by fire
extinguishing equipment after cold standby is used.
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5.4 Arrester
Operation rules for arrester
Before the arrester newly installed or after maintenance is put into operation,
maintainer shall provide insulation resistance value and make detailed written
instructions to make a conclusion that the arrester can be put into operation. It is
forbidden to put unqualified arrester into operation.
Before the arrester is put into operation, check the shall for being clean and crack,
make sure good grounding, record the number of discharge and write down on the
special register book.
General regulations on arrester
As for the arrester to prevent overvoltage from being struck by lightning, it shall be
used in thunderstorm season, and the arrester in 10KV trolley switch cabinet should be
put into operation all the year round.
After lightning stroke or system earth fault, detailed inspections shall be made to
make sure arrester body and counter have no damage or deformation, and if discharge
indicator action is found, and action times shall be recorded.
Arrester shall not be out of service during the period of storm activity which is from
March 1 to October 31 every year.
Before the situation that substation grounding network resistance does not conform
to the requirements is handled, the insulating boots shall be worn even when the
inspection and operation are conducted on a fine day.
The grounding downlead of various kinds of lightning protection devices shall be
checked once before coming of the thunderstorm season.
The action times and leakage current of the arrester must be recorded every day,
and the relevant authorities shall be reported to if there is large difference between two
data under the same condition.
In thunderstorm season, hot standby operation is not permitted without lightning
arrester on line.
Patrol inspection items in operation of arrester:
When the arrester is in operation, it is not allowed to touch arrester
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grounding wire and porcelain parts.
Installation is firm, connection is in good condition, and contact is without
overheating;
Whether lightning arrester porcelain is clean and whether there is any trace of
damage and discharge;
Whether the arrester lead, earthing and lightning counter are in good condition,
and the connection is firm, and if there is corrosion;
Lightning arrester grading ring is installed firmly, and there is no rust and
deformation on the surface;
The foundation of lightning rod does not sink or incline, and ground lead is
without corrosion and with good grounding;
The arrester on-line monitoring device indicates normally (the normal indication
range of line arrester is 0.1 - 0.85 mA; and the normal indication range of
other busbar is 0.1 - 1.2 mA) or indicates larger changes than the normal.
Inspections that shall be made after lightning stroke and overvoltage:
If the lightning counter acts, and if there is abnormality such as flashover for
other equipment.
The arrester (arrester rod) grounding line and downlead are in good condition
and without burning.
Record shall be made.
Stopping use shall be applied when the running arrester has one of the following
faults:
Porcelain bushing of arrester has fracture;
Porcelain of insulation bottom of the arrester has crack;
There is sound inside;
After the discharge of lightening, the lead is seriously burnt out or fractured;
The leakage current of arrester increases obviously.
5.5 Cable
General regulations on cable operation
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It is not allowed to ground one core of the three-core cable, and the normal operating
voltage of the cable line shall generally not exceed 15% of the rated voltage of cable.
When measuring insulation resistance of cable, 500V megohm meter shall be used
to make the measurement for cable insulation of 1 KV and below, and as for the cable
insulation of above 1KV, the 1000 - 2500V megohm meter shall be used to make the
measurement, and the phase to earth and phase to phase insulation resistance value
shall be not less than 1MΩ/KV.
Before measuring the cable insulation, electricity testing and discharging shall be
conducted first, and after measuring, ground discharge for it shall be conducted.
Permissible maximum temperature for the surface of the cable in operation shall conform to
following table:
Rated voltage 400V 10KV 35KV

400 V 10KV 35KV
Allowable temperature 65℃ 50℃ 45℃

65℃ 50℃ 45℃
Provisions on cable overload
The allowed overload for cable of below 1 KV is 10%, and 15% for 6 - 10 KV cable,
but it can not exceed 2 hours. When the prescribed time is exceeded, normal
load shall be immediately resumed.
For intermittent overload, overload is allowed only 10 - 12 hours after the prior one.
During overload, attention to the temperature changes of the cable surface shall be
paid.
Patrol inspection items in operation of cable:
Cable head shall be clean, complete and without split, and the shell has good
grounding;
Cable head and middle connector shall be without overheating;
The outer layer of cable shall have no serious damage, and the armor shall have no
serious rust;
Cable shall not be affected by extrusion on the cable structure, cable shall be
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fixed well in shaft, and cable core shall not be affected by tension;
Cable interlayer lighting and fire extinguisher shall be in good condition, there shall
be no water and sundry in the cable trench, cover plate shall be complete,
and cable holes shall be sealed well.
Power cable failure
Cut off the power supply of the equipment and notice the chief shift operator in case
one of the following situations occurs:
Cable explodes, smokes, and catches a fire
Cable insulation breakdown and ground discharge happen.
Make records, report chief shift operator and record the defects in case one of the
following situations occurs:
Lead sheath bubbles and armor rusts.
Grounding wire falls off.
In case cable catches a fire, it shall be handled according to the following principles:
Cut off the power supply immediately;
Put out the fire by using carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, dry powder, 1211 fire
extinguisher or sand, and the use of foam extinguisher or water is prohibited;
In case of the extinguishment in cable trench or cable tunnel, the fire fighting
personnel shall wear insulated shoes, wear insulating gloves and wear a gas
mask.
5.6 Reactor
Normal inspection items:
Connection pile head is fastened and has no fever;
It is clean and has no sundry around the reactor;
Support insulator is clean and the installation is secure;
The reactor arranged vertically does not incline;
Doors and windows are closed lest small animals enter;
Ventilation device operates normally and in stable and normal way;
There is good appearance, and the coil is without deformation.
Accident handling
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Local heating: Report the chief shift operator, lower load, strengthen ventilation, and
if necessary, switch auxiliary power and conduct isolation and cut off power.
Support porcelain insulator ruptures: Quickly adjust operation mode, block up the
reactor, and isolate and eliminate defects.
Reactor fevers, deforms, and changes color: Report the chief shift operator, quickly
adjust operation mode, block up the reactor, and isolate and eliminate defects.
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Operation Procedures for DC System
6.1 Operation Rules for DC System
DC busbar voltage shall be maintained at 110V, and variation range of busbar
voltage shall not exceed 5% of rated value.
Continuous operation of charging device under 50% of rated output voltage or below
is not allowed.
Operation of DC busbar merely with rectifying device but without storage battery is
forbidden, in which case, busbar power failure may occur due to sudden blackout or
device failure. Therefore, in case the storage battery connecting to the busbar is out of
service, two busbars shall be paralleled and share another storage battery; continuous
operation of DC busbar merely with storage battery is also forbidden.
In the event that DC system is running normally, Section I and II of the DC busbar
shall not be paralleled on a loading circuit.
When disconnecting DC circuit fuse, disconnect anode first, then disconnect
cathode, and when connecting the fuse, follow the opposite sequence.
Voltage monitor and insulation monitor for the busbar section I and II of the DC
system shall be put into service.
Fire and smoking are forbidden in the battery room. For lighting, explosion-proof
lights shall be used. Explosion-proof shall be considered for heating device. In case
working with naked fire is necessary, take all necessary prevention measures and report
to the department in charge for approval. Temperature in battery room shall be keep
between 5°C-35°C.
Under normal operation of the battery, float charging method shall be applied. For
the battery, the float current shall be maintained at round 0.2-0.3A, so as to offset the self
discharge of the battery.
The rectifier module shall be provided with a fan. The fan shall be able to startup
automatically when the module is working under loads, and the revolving speed of the
fan shall change along with loads.
Insulation condition of the system shall be measured by a 500V tramegger. The
insulation resistance of the system shall not be lower than 0.5MΩ, and the insulation
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resistance of a single circuit shall not be lower than 1MΩ; and the insulation resistance to
earth of the DC busbar shall not be lower than 10 MΩ.
Method for Normal Operation of DC System
DC system for the thermal power plant
1#unit shall be provided with an independent DC system; 1# storage battery is
provided with a charging device, under normal operation, 1# charging
device operates under the loads of the two busbar sections respectively,
and floating charges the 1# storage battery.
Busbar I and II of each DC system shall be provided with voltage monitor,
insulation monitor and centralized monitor respectively.
To ensure the power reliability of the DC system, two-circuit connection mode
shall be applied to 11kV relay protection device, automatic device and
critical power sources such as CPS for high-voltage switch, thermotechnical
power source and remote terminal unit.
Power source for DC oil pump shall be of single-circuit connection mode. A trip
alarm device shall be provided for each load switch, and the signal shall be
transmitted to the corresponding centralized monitor.
6.2 Operation and Maintenance of the Storage Battery
Valve-regulated lead-acid battery is characterized by:
Maintenance-free: The battery is of high-efficiency gas-recombination design,
which is fully sealed without leakage, and filling water and maintenance are
not required; Fully sealed, leakage free and safe: The battery is of unique
multi-layer sealed structure, with no acid liquid and acid gas leakage during
operation, and featured by high safety and reliability;
Safety valve: The valve is made from special rubber, which can be open and
close reliably, and it is provided with explosion-proof filter.
High capacity: High-efficiency mixed additives are added in the anode and
cathode plates as well as in the electrolyte of the battery.
Low internal resistance: High quality ultra-fine glass fiber separator is provided
in the battery, and the separator is tightly assembled. In addition,
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high-efficiency mixed additives are used so as to ensure low internal
resistance, low temperature and excellent large current discharge
performance of the battery.
Excellent over-charge and over-discharge performance: The grid is made from
lead-calcium multi-alloy, whose performance is better than that made from
the lead-calcium-tin-aluminum quaternary alloy.
Wide operating temperature range: The storage battery can operate under
temperature range of -40°C-+55°C;
Long service life: The battery is of special structure design. It is equipped with
special grids, components and wielding ally. In addition, advanced
technique and formula are adopted, so that the battery is highly reliable,
and the service life of the 2V series can reach up to 18 years.
Cautions:
The battery shall be cleaned with wet cloth. Cleaning with wet cloth may
generate static, and sometimes, the static voltage might reach up to
thousand or even ten thousand volt, which may cause explosion.
Due to the special structure, the valve-regulated lead-acid battery is sensitive to
the ambient environment and temperature. Operation under high
temperature for a long time may shorten the service life of the battery.
The voltage for a single valve-regulated lead-acid battery is normally at 2.23-
2.25V. For the battery, voltage selection for floating charging is important.
Self discharge coefficient of the battery is small, thus moderate voltage
shall be selected.
For the battery which shall idle for a long time, charging shall be conducted
every half year. Long time self discharging is not allow, in which case,
power of the battery will loss and the battery will be damaged.
Measure the voltage of the battery pack and the voltage of a single battery. If
necessary, cut off the AC power and discharge the battery under load for a
while, then conduct measurement. In case a deviation is identified, find the
solution in a timely manner.
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Check the tightness for all connection parts. Vaseline may be applied on battery
terminal and all joints for protection.
6.3 Inspection items for DC system
The relevant gauges, instruments and signal indicators in the DC power cabinet are
coordinated with the operation mode and function properly; and the locations of
switches and indicator are coordinated with the operation mode.
All components are well connected, and all joints are tightened with no over
overheating phenomena. No overheated components and smoking
phenomenon.
No debris or abnormal sound on site.
DC busbar voltage is normal (110V-115V), make adjustment if the voltage is too high
or too low.
Current for floating charge is normal (0.22-0.66A).
Insulation of DC system is in good condition.
Capacity of the storage battery is normal.
All gauges and indicator in the DC cabinet are well function, and all switches are in
correct positions. All leads, terminals, fuse wire and cable connectors in the DC
cabinet are in normal condition, and not abnormal smell, noise and discharging
phenomenon are found.
Voltage of each storage battery is normal, no short circuit and leakage phenomenon.
The battery room is clean with sound ventilation and normal temperature (5-
35°C). All connectors and connecting wires are tightened, no short circuit and
grounding phenomenon, and the appearance of the battery is in good conditions
without deformation.
6.4 Abnormality Treatment for DC System
Monitoring System Failure Information Sheet

Failure Information Description
01~19# BAT OVA of Goup1 Over-voltage alarm for battery #01-19 of battery pack 1
01~19# BAT OVA of Goup2 Over-voltage alarm for battery #01-19 of battery pack 2
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01~19# BAT UVA of Goup1 Under-voltage alarm for battery #01-19 of battery pack
1
01~19# BAT UVA of Goup2 Under-voltage alarm for battery #01-19 of battery pack
2
01~19# BAT VDA of Goup1 Out-of-tolerance alarm for battery #01-19 of battery
pack 1
01~19# BAT VDA of Goup2 Out-of-tolerance alarm for battery #01-19 of battery
pack 2
01#~24# Closing Switch Fail Trip of connection break #01-24
01~24# Control Switch Fail Trip of control switch #01-24
01~16# Module Fail Failure of rectifier module #01-16
01~16# Module COMM Fail Communication failures of Rectifier Module #01-16
01~08# PB Switch Fail Failure of closing busbar switch #01-08
AC LP Fail AC lightning protection failure
AC COMM Fail AC communication failure
ACP1 Power off AC #1 blackout
ACP2 Power off AC #2 blackout
ACP1 OVA AC #1 overvoltage alarm
ACP2 OVA AC #2 overvoltage alarm
AC Switch n Fail AC switch strip
ACP1 UVA AC #1 under-voltage alarm
ACP2 UVA AC #2 under-voltage alarm
BAT Fuse n Fail Battery fuse failure
BAT Test n Fail Battery inspection failure
BusBar INS Fail Busbar insulation failure
BAT Switch n Fail Battery switch strip
CB OVA Control busbar over-voltage alarm
CB Unbalance Alarm Control busbar voltage unbalance alarm
DC COMM Fail DC communication failure
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DC INS Fail DC insulation failure
PB Unbalance Alarm Closing busbar voltage unbalance alarm
Step-down Module n Fail Voltage step-down module failure
Switch Value COMM Fail Switching value communication failure
Tail BAT n OVA Tail battery over-voltage alarm
Tail BAT n UVA Tail battery under-voltage alarm
Grounding treatment for DC system
Phenomenon:
Alarm rings, the alarm signal “DC system insulation failure” of busbar I or II
shall display, and insulation monitor alarm rings.
For of busbar I or II, the voltage to earth of grounding electrode drops to zero,
and the voltage to earth of non-grounding electrode rises or is of full
voltage.
Handling:
Determine grounding electrode and grounding level;
According to the results of grounding busbar microcomputer insulation monitor,
inquiry whether an auxiliary equipment connected to the sub-circuit start up
during that period, and whether the DC system is operated;
Conduct external inspection on the grounding loop, attaching importance to
check water leakage and gas leakage.
In case grounding loads are identified, contact with relevant personnel, split
relevant protective equipment and thermotechnical auto equipment, and
switch on and switch off the sub-circuit instantly and selectively. After
switching off the sub-circuit, check whether the grounding phenomenon is
disappear and switch on the sub-circuit as soon as possible.
Take measure to isolate the grounding loop or the equipment, and report the
accident for repairing.
General principles and matters needing attention for checking grounding
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phenomenon of DC system:
Checking of grounding phenomenon of DC system must be completed by two
persons, with one person responsible for implementing, and one person
responsible for monitoring and protection.
Less important circuits first, and important circuits follow. Generally, check non-
protection circuits and non control circuits on DC busbar first, then, check the
circuits for inverter, storage battery, float-charging device, power source for
insulation monitor, etc. For loads shutdown, sequence of loads first and power
sources follow shall be applied. In addition, contact with relevant persons first.
Circuits under operation or circuits shut down not long ago first, and idle circuits
follow.
Outdoor circuits first, and indoor circuits follow.
Inform relevant personnel before switching off and switching on the DC power
source relating to equipment protection, automatic devices, signal devices and
control circuits. The act shall be conducted only after approval received and
necessary protective measures are taken.
Disconnection of the relay protection and automatic devices of the generator,
transformer and power distribution equipment shall be conducted only after the
approvals from shift supervisor and from persons on duty received. Make a
prediction on accidents might occur before removing the fuse of power source
or shutting down protection device.
Switching-on and Switch-off Sequence List
Switching-
on and
Sub-circuit
switch-off
sequence
Power source for the circuits just be operated
Power source for the non-protection circuit on the DC cabinet
Power source for the monitoring and protection device for the
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auxiliary equipment
Power source for the monitoring device for the main equipment
11kV switch-control power source
DC power source for generator-transformer set protection Note: Operation
shall be conducted after receiving approvals from shift supervisor dispatcher and
section chief.
Voltage abnormality treatment for DC busbar
Phenomenon:
Alarm rings, and indicator indicating DC busbar “over-voltage” or “under-
voltage” light; backstage alarm.
Voltmeter of the busbar shows voltage abnormality.
Handling:
Inspect busbar voltage, and determine whether the action of insulation on-line
monitoring device is correct.
In case the abnormality is caused by charging device failure, shut down the
fault charging device, start up backup charging device, and report the
accident for repairing; Reset the single after the busbar voltage turned
normal.
Busbar voltage failure treatment
Phenomenon:
Arc light, spark and smoke are found at short circuit position.
The charging device trip and storage battery outlet fuse melting.
Voltmeter of the DC busbar indicates zero. All indicators go out.
“DC Busbar failure” alarm.
Handling:
Check whether the protection control and thermotechnical equipment on the
sub-circuit are connected to the other power source, and the voltage is
normal;
Switch off all loads on the busbar, and check whether the busbar functions
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normal;
Parallel operation of busbar I and II is forbidden;
Check busbar and the battery system, and test the insulation condition. In case the
failure is found on a sub-circuit, cut the faulty sub-circuit, and keep the normal
busbar and sub-circuits running. In case the failure is found on the busbar,
disconnect the DC busbar, and report the accident for repairing.
Recover the normal operation after fault elimination.
Abnormality treatment for charging device trip
Phenomenon:
Alarm rings, relevant alarm indication shows on RCS interface and operation
panel.
Ampere meter measuring charging device output indicates zero.
DC busbar voltage steps down.
Storage battery is under discharging state.
Handling:
Monitor the storage battery operation and busbar voltage;
Shut down faulty charging device and start up backup charging device
immediately, so as to maintain normal busbar voltage.
In case the abnormality is caused by over-DC voltage or under-DC voltage, put
the equipment into operation then adjust the output;
In case the abnormality is caused by AC fuse melting, check circuit failure first.
If a circuit failure is identified, shut down the device, while if no circuit
failure is found, replace the fuse and keep operation.
Inform the overhaul staff of the failure cause for repairing.
In case trip again after operation, connect the equipment to the other section
for operation.
Treatment principles for battery on fire
Stop operation of the battery, and take measure to isolate relevant battery pack.
Check and maintain the DC busbar voltage to a normal value.
Put out fire by 1211 fire extinguisher and other facilities. Personnel putting out
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fire shall wear protection mask. If the fire cannot be put out inform the fire
department.
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Operation Procedures for UPS System
7.1 System composition:
UPS consists of UPS main equipment and bypass system, which includes: Rectifier,
inverter, static transfer switch, manual bypass switch, isolation diode, bypass isolation
transformer, voltage regulator, etc.
Rectifier
Each UPS shall be provided with a set of rectifier system.
Rectifier for AC input regulation is used to provide constant DC voltage to
inverter and to floating charge the battery. The rectifier system consists of
input transformer, rectifier and control panel.
The output voltage of the rectifier shall be adjusted so as to ensure that the
voltage will not be lower than the voltage of the battery under any load
conditions. This can ensure the output voltage of the rectifier will always be
higher than the voltage of the battery under floating-charging of the battery.
Inverter
Each UPS shall be provided with an inverter.
Input of the inverter can be the adjusted rectifier DC output or the maintenance-
free battery output, the battery shall be in float-charging state.
Static transfer switch
Each UPS shall be provided with a static transfer switch. It is used to switch the
power supply of the loads from inverter power to bypass power in case of
overload, inverter failure, AC load short circuit of the UPS and capacity
exceeding of the inverter. After fault elimination, the loads shall be able to be
switched back to rectifier power automatically.
Manual bypass switch
In order to ensure the continuous power supply to loads when devices like
inverter and static switch are out of service due to failure or maintenance, a
manual bypass switch for “make-before-break” shall be provided.
Each UPS shall be provided with an AC 400V 50Hz power output, and each circuit
shall be able to bear a input capacity of 10(40)kVA. The power shall
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be lead to output terminal through operation protection device (switch).
7.2 System Functions:
UPS has the following functions:
Provide importing loads running under normal operation or abnormal operation with
stable sinusoidal voltage and frequency.
Assist the important loads and auxiliary system of the plant in transient interference
isolation.
In case of AC power supplier failure, provide continuous power supply to the
important loads under normal operation or abnormal operation.
UPS is able to bear surge current imposed by the loads. In case of sub-circuit failure,
cutting of sub-circuit shall not bring any adverse impact to the system.
Each UPS shall run separately, and bypass shall be provided. Each UPS shall be
provided with a static transfer switch. It is used to switch the power supply of the
loads from inverter power to bypass power in case of AC load short circuit of the
UPS and capacity exceeding of the inverter. After fault elimination, the loads
shall be able to be switched back to rectifier power automatically.
UPS shall be provided with fast failure elimination function.
7.3 System Operation Modes
Normal operation: Main power supplier and UPS shall provide the stable AC230V
50Hz sinusoidal power to loads;
Operation in fault In case of main power supply failure, the inverter shall switch to DC
battery system power supply automatically. UPS will provide stable AC230V 50Hz
sinusoidal power to loads. When power of the DC battery system is about to run out,
the UPS inverter shall be shut down automatically. The inverter will switch to rectifier
power supply automatically after the main power runs normally.
Bypass (manual/auto) operation: In case the output voltage of the inverter is
abnormal due to internal failure, the static switch shall be able to switch and
connect the loads to the bypass backup power supply automatically. In case of
maintenance and other factors, manually operate the bypass switch to switch
and connect the loads to the bypass backup power supply (power supply remain
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continuous ), and isolate the loads from other equipment of the UPS. The power
supply for loads shall remain continuous when being switched back.
7.4 UPS Operation
Inspection during UPS operation:
Sound of the voltage stabilizer is normal;
Voltage of input city power is normal;
Voltage and current of the battery are normal;
Input voltage and current of the UPS are normal;
No alarm signal and no abnormal operation state are found;
Inspection prior to UPS operation:
Check and make sure there is no abnormity of the UPS;
Check and make sure the “stable voltage/city power” switch of the UPS is in
“stable voltage” position;
Check and make sure the mode switch of the UPS is in “AUTO” position;
Check and make sure the stable voltage “OFF” switch is in OFF position.
Startup and shutdown of UPS
Startup preparations:
Check and make sure the power switch on the back panel is in OFF state.
Reconfirm that the installation environment conforms to the requirements.
Shake the cable connections and check the tightness of the joints. In case
the joints are loose, screw up the screws on the wiring terminal.
Disconnect loads.
Switch on the AC input switch on the switchboard, and switch on the DC
switch on battery box (Long delayed UPS)
Check whether the AC input voltage and battery voltage conforms to the
UPS rated voltage with AVO meter, and check weather the “+”“-” poles are
correct, and whether the +”“-” poles of the input live lines and null lines of
the main power input and bypass input are correct. In addition, make sure
the output voltage of the UPS conforms to the rated voltage of all loading
equipment.
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Descriptions of the breaker on the back panel

(3～30KVA) Circuit breakers are defined:
CB1: Bypass input
CB2: Main power input
CB3: Battery
CB4: Input
CB5: Maintenance bypass
Operation procedures for the first startup:
Place the power switches “CB1, CB2” on the back panel in ON position.
The input indicator and the bypass indicator on the front panel light on
simultaneously.
Press the Startup bottom on the front panel, the input indicator and the
bypass indicator on the front panel keep on, and LCD display light on.
The output power is the city power through bypass.
After 20 seconds, the input indicator in the front panel keep on, the bypass
indicator goes out, the output indicator light on, and the LCD shows
welcome interface. The output power is supplied by the inverter of the
UPS.
Cut off UPS input power, the city power goes out, and LCD shows welcome
interface. The output power is supplied by the inverter of the UPS. The
UPS will ring every 4 seconds, indicating that the power for UPS
operation is supplied by the battery pack. After 90 seconds, the UPS
will stop ringing, and when the power of the battery is about to run out,
the alarm will ring again every 1 second.
Connect loads and press LCD switching button to switch the display item,
until the output power displaying in percentage shows. If the display
value is larger than 100%, disconnect unimportant loads, until the
display value smaller than 100%.
Routine startup and shutdown procedures for UPS

Startup and shutdown procedures for UPS shall be as follows:
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For routine shutdown, press the OFF button of the UPS on the front panel to
shut down the UPS. In which case, UPS will be in by-pass state. The output
power is provided by city power, and the battery is in charging state.
For routine startup, press the ON button of the UPS to start up the UPS.
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Operation Procedures for Relay Protection, Automatic Device, Power Monitoring
System
8.1 Operation and management regulations of protective device:
Equipment shall not be operated under no protection, operation and stop of relay
protection and automatic device shall be executed under order of dispatching
personnel or shift supervisor, and agreed by relevant technicians, prediction
failure shall be conducted and recorded in log diary;
Operation of relay protection device shall accord with operation method of electrical
equipment under protection;
Relay protection and automatic device shall be put into operation when electrical
equipment is turned into hot standby state, no electrical equipment is allowed to be
operated under no protection, it is not allowed to make duplicate sets of main
protection out of operation simultaneously under normal circumstance;
When malfunction occurs, protection operator is only entitled to ascertain
circumstance, drop indicator and signal shall be recovered or reset under
permission of shift supervisor and with presence of two persons. If malfunction
occurs, original state shall be kept to maximum extent, and personnel for relay
protection shall be contacted to conduct examination and treatment;
When confirming relay protection device is with possibility of malfunction, shift
operator shall contact with persons for relay protection in a timely manner and
report to shift supervisor, protection device could be partly or wholly disabled
before immediate report for emergency;
Microcomputer protection device shall be wholly disabled before “running” is
changed to “debugging”;
Work sheet is a necessity for operation on secondary circuit of relay protection,
corresponding protection device shall be disabled when necessary;
PT short-circuit on the secondary side and CT open-circuit on the secondary side
are prohibited when operating on AC secondary circuit for protection and
measurement; when cutting off PT power, protection and automatic device
obtained from PT power shall be removed or corresponding measure shall be
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taken;
Permission of operation personnel shall be obtained if maintenance personnel is
required to conduct group operation test for protection device, operation for and
prior to the test shall be executed by person for relay protection, and equipment
shall be in the state prior to the test after the test is completed and a written
statement shall be submitted for operation personnel;
Protection device is of no need to be disabled, while person for relay protection shall
be contacted in a timely manner to handle the situation in which anomaly occurs
on printer arranged for the protection device rather than the protection device;
Measurement shall be conducted on outlet pressing plates of protection device to
ensure on voltage exists between two ends of the pressing plate prior to
operation of the plates.
Appropriate tools shall be used for cleaning of protection screen and cleaning shall
be conducted gently to avoid false switching of the switch.
Persons for relay protection shall conducted detailed statement for results of
maintenance and verification on relay protection and automatic device in
combination with work sheets and submit to shift operator, relay protection and
automatic device shall be accepted as qualified before being put into operation
and contents of acceptance and verification are shown as follows:
Checking whether removed wiring, element, mark are back to normal, contact of
relay is correctly located;
Pressing plates, connecting plate of current terminal, switch and test plug shall
meet requirements of operation suspension with good contact;
Secondary fixed value shall be verified as correct individually and one by one;
All signal relay shall be reset;
Group operation test shall be protected in normal state.
Checking whether equipment has alternation and special requirements and making
written statement on operating log of relay protection, two sides shall
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sign if no error is found after recheck.
Wireless communication device is prohibited in relay protection vault to avoid false
trip of protection switch.
Secondary circuit shall be carefully altered with appropriate tools during operation to
avoid current violation of open-circuit on secondary side or short-circuit on
secondary side. Exiting relevant outlet circuits, including neighboring outlet
circuit if strip circuit is affected by the alternation.
8.2 Regulations on fixed value alternation
Lead sealing on relay protection and automatic device shall not be opened arbitrarily
and setting value shall not be altered during operation and alternation of setting value
shall be conducted by person for relay protection;
Principle and procedures on alternation of fixed value during operation:
Parameter and fixed value of relay protection shall be altered via device panel or
communication interface on the scene;
The alternation shall be conducted with effective customized letter of notice with
signature issued by superiors;
Verifying consistency of original value and actual value on dispatching order or letter
of notice on fixed value;
Removing protection pressing plates and person for relay protection shall make
adjustment according to new fixed value;
Persons for relay protection shall prepare a written statement, and pressing plate
could be put into operation if no voltage is found between two ends of outlet
pressing plate via measurement of operation personnel.
Operation personnel on duty shall keep records if fixed value or position of protection
pressing board is altered during operation.
8.3 Inspection items for protection and automatic device:
Inspection items for protection device prior to operation:
Written state “could be put into operation” of person for relay protection is
available;
Original relay, pressing plate, testing components and small switch shall be
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put in normal places and all indicating light, gauges and display panel have
normal indication without abnormal alarming;
Trip pressing plate could be put into operation only if no voltage is found
between two ends of the pressing plate after measurement with high
internal resistance voltmeter or multi-meter. Test lamp or low internal
resistance voltmeter is prohibited to be used for measurement, so as to
avoid false protection trip.
Shift operator shall conduct at least one itinerant mission on relay protection and
automatic device for each shift;
Each device has intact shell, and corresponding operation lamp, gauge, display
panel all have normal digit, and voltage of power is in a normal state;
Relay contact shall be correctly placed and coupling shaft and contact vibration
are not allowed;
It shall be ensured that long term live relay shall have normal temperature rise
and bears no anomalies, like burnout and color changing, smoking and
obvious disconnection of resistance or coil;
Location of small switch and inputting of pressing plate shall accord with
operation method;
Each DC protection fuse shall be intact;
Plug-in in the device shall be intact and bears no joggle and other anomalies;
Without any alarming signal;
With correct setting location of fixed value;
Power supervision lamp in DC plug-in shall be in “ON” state;
Operation supervision lamp in CPU plug-in shall be in “ON” state;
Parameters of date, clock, current, voltage, phase angle of LCD are normal.
Quick switching device bears no abnormal alarming and blocking signal and in
normal state;
Automatic transfer switch possesses good charging state;
Small current grounding device bears no abnormal alarming and in good
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state;
Power of communication device of monitoring system is in normal state and
each plug-in is located correctly and in good state;
Relay protection room possesses normal temperature and good environment.
8.4 Operating provision for protection and automatic device
Inputting and removal of relay protection pressing plate: Relevant pressing plate
shall be input before equipment or circuit is input into standby application or
switch is closed for power transmission; whether the pressing plate shall be
removed after equipment or circuit existed from the standby application shall be
determined according to relevant regulations or notice, in general, the existing
will not be conducted if existing is clearly regulated to be conducted. Multi-meter
DC voltage shall be used for measuring pressing plate prior to operation;
measurement shall be conducted for each pressing plate during inputting into
operation, and one measurement for all pressing plates after inputting is not
allowed; location of pressing plates shall be confirmed during operation; and
neighboring pressing plat and terminal cannot be touched during operation;
contact shall be good after being put into operation.
Outlet PT of each generator can be shut down due to malfunction and secondary
side low-voltage fuse can be remove (or secondary small switch can be opened)
only with approval of shift supervisor (except the case in which operation shall
be stopped for malfunction treatment). If the PT power failure is likely to cause
no-voltage on secondary voltage circuit, relevant low-voltage protection and
automatic device shall be existed from operation and person for relay protection
shall be infirmed to go to the scene to conduct power failure of PT, above
protection and automatic device shall be put into operation immediately once PT
is back to normal state.
During maintenance or temporary outage and elimination of factory use 11kV or
400KV bus-bar PT, relevant low-voltage protection parts of BZT shall be existed
and be put into operation once PT is back to normal.
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Positive electrode shall be removed before negative electrode (reverse order for
inputting) when DC protection fuse is removed, so as to avoid false protection
action due to parasitic circuit.
8.5 Arrangement for protection monitoring system
Arrangement for protection system within the factory:
Main transformer protection
ABB RET670 transformer protection device.
Generator protection
ABB REG-650 generator protection device.
11kV Reactor protection
11kV house transformer and motor protection
ABB REF615 transformer protection and monitoring device.
ABB REM615 motor protection and monitoring device.
Automatic quasi-synchronizing
SYN-5201 automatic quasi-synchronizing device
Automatic transfer switch
ABB RET650 automatic transfer switch
Motion communication
PSR661U integrated measuring and control device
Arrangement for monitoring system within the factory Monitoring system
of ABB company shall be taken as background:
A set of front-end system is used by the system to in install device group within
central control room within the factory,
8.6 Principle of common operation and motion treatment
Treatment after trip of protection action:
Signal indication shall be firstly defined and then be reset after confirmation of
second person;
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If override strip caused by each low-voltage switch’s refusing action,
immediately figuring out fault point and opening the switch to recover higher
level power supply and reporting the result to dispatcher and section
director and technicians for treatment;
Rectification strip caused by interlocking must be reported to dispatcher for
treatment suggestion;
If no fault point is found after detailed and necessary examination, and the trip is
confirmed to be false trip caused by malfunction of secondary circuit or
false action of protection device, immediately recovering power supply after
taking necessary preventative measures, and reporting to dispatcher,
section director and technicians for treatment suggestion.
Operation of gas protection device:
Gas protection is one of main protection devices for internal fault of transformer,
light gas works on signal and heavy gas works on strip (heavy gas can also works on
signal);
Shift operator shall conduct following regular examination on gas protection:
Indicating light shall be in “OFF” state if pressing plate is located as specified and
signal relay has no operation indication;
Oil level of transformer is normal and gas relay shall be filled with oil, oil leakage
is not allowed when connecting with flanges;
Valve between gas relay and oil conservator shall be opened;
Gar relay and halfway junction box shall be tightly sealed and outgoing line has
good insulation property;
Discharging valve shall be closed.
Conducting following works during operation of transformer, for example, pressing
plate of heavy gas is in strip location. Switching heavy gas to signal location and
exhausting air in transformer and no signal will be sent out within 24 hours in general
condition and then inputting strip location in a timely manner:
During refueling and oil filtering of transformer;
During deflation of gas relay;
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During silica gel replacement of respirator;
Opening deflation valve and oil drain valve to check malfunction of oil system;
Opening and closing connecting pipe valve of gas relay and checking smooth
operation of respirator and other relevant operations.
Reasons and treatment for light gas action;
Causes:
Air entering into the transformer due to refueling and oil filtering;
Oil level drop due to sharp temperature fall and oil leakage;
Breakdown of host gas relay or false action due to malfunction of secondary
circuit;
Handling:
If light gas action is caused by dissolving of air left in oil, shift operator shall
exhaust air in gas relay and pay attention to interval between the signal
action and next signal action, reporting to section director, technicians and
dispatcher for treatment if the interval shortens successively. (Light gas
deflation shall be conducted by two persons with one operates and the
other supervises, perfectly conducting safety precautions and paying
attention to safe distance with charged body)
Reporting to section director for treatment if it belongs to other kinds of
malfunction;
Simultaneously conducting light gas and heavy gas:
Causes:
Major failure occurs in interior transformer;
Significant drop in oil level;
Breakdown of host gas relay, false action due to malfunction of secondary
circuit;
Handling:
Reporting to dispatcher, section director and technician for treatment.
Conducting following examination for external transformer (make additional report
after the examination):
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Oil level indicator for oil conservator;
Temperature of upper transformer and environment temperature;
Checking whether explosive sound exists in interior transformer and actions
occur in pressure relied valve;
8.7 Operation and management regulations for power monitoring system
As an important platform for monitoring and controlling equipment operation
parameters and conducting corresponding adjustment, power monitoring system is an
significant component of power system, and shall be used within specified range for all
people to use the system:
System command and passwords shall not be altered arbitrarily without
permission;
Database and panel name shall not be altered arbitrarily without permission;
All modifications on original database and panel shall be filed for future
examination;
Restricted accounts shall subject to privilege given by the administrator and
shall not arbitrarily modify privilege;
Loading and exiting of monitoring system is authorized operation and cannot be
arbitrarily altered without permission;
Computer loaded with monitoring system can only serve the system rather than
other operations;
Contacting with section director and relevant technicians in a timely manner if any
anomaly occurs in monitoring system.
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Operation Procedures for Motor Control Center
9.1 Purpose And General Provisions
Motor control center is hub of low-voltage power supply for the whole factory, normal
operation of which is concerning normal power supply for all devices within the factory.
The procedure is formulated to specify relevant operations of motor control center.
Scope of Application
Three motor control centers are available in the company: Distribution room of main
power house, coal conveying distribution room and distribution room of circulating water
pump house.
System Conditions
The procedure only makes introduction for operation method of low-voltage motor
control center, all the motor control centers are 11kV step-down 0.4kV substation.
Distribution room of main power house
Distribution room of main power house has two 11kV incoming lines, two sets of
11/0.4KV, 2000KVA transformer. 1# incoming line passes through Y41,Y61-41T
transformer for Ⅰ section busbar, 2# incoming line passes through Y41,Y61-40T
transformer for standby section busbar, two incoming lines can be taken as spare line for
each other through 0.4kV buscouple.
Automatic transfer switch is used for logic of LV two incoming switches and buscouple
switch of distribution room of main power house. Under normal condition, incoming switch of
Ⅰ and Ⅱ sections are closed and buscouple switch is disconnected. When Ⅰ section power
is in no-voltage state, Ⅰ section incoming switch will be opened, buscouple switch will then
be closed; when Ⅰ section power is recovered, buscouple switch will be opened and Ⅰ
section incoming switch will then be closed; when Ⅰ section power is in no-voltage state, Ⅰ
section incoming switch will be opened, buscouple switch will be closed and then Ⅱ section
power is in no-voltage state again, Ⅱ section incoming switch and buscouple switch will be
closed, if Ⅰ section recovers power supply first, then
section incoming switch and buscouple switch will be first opened and then incoming
switch and buscouple switch in Ⅰ section will be closed successively.
Descriptions of accident power generation system. System schematic diagram
151
Y41,Y61-40T spare transformer and diesel generator unit in distribution room of main
power house could be used for power supply of spare busbar; Y41,Y61-40T spare
transformer could be used as power supply and diesel generator could be used as
backup power supply for accident busbar; diesel generator unit will be started (automatic
state) 10S after Y41,Y61-40T spare transformer losses power supply to supply power for
spare busbar; applying automatic control apparatus,
Operation contents and requirements:
All operations shall accord with relevant requirements of “Procedure for Electric
Safety Operation”.
Maintenance of locale electric equipment shall be conducted with safety precautions
and power being cut off. Power outage and transmission. Under normal conditions,
power outage and transmission for locale electric equipment shall be conducted by
electric operation personnel. Electric maintenance personnel could conduct the task in
particular condition or for emergency. Power outage and transmission could be infirmed
verbally or by phone, detailed records for conducted operations shall be kept on
operation note after the operations. Power outage shall be conducted according to
following steps: disconnect relay, take off operation protector, pull drawer to maintenance
position, hang denoter, power transmission is conducted according to reverse order: Take
off denoter, push drawer to test position, close operation protector, push drawer to
working position, connect relay.
Inspection lighting, power outage and transmission, maintenance on pulling drawer
(element alternation, modification on protection parameter) within motor control center
can be conducted without work sheets but shall be recorded in operation note.
Second work sheet is a necessity for laying cables, altering, removing, connecting
power line, control line behind the screen and civil engineering maintenance for non
electrical workshop section (excluding door and windows);
Maintenance for cabinet body excluding extracted drawer shall not be conducted
with power supply and shall be conducted with power being cut off; section director shall
formulate safety precautions for those maintenance requires power supply, which shall
be approved by public power office.
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If indoor temperature excesses 24℃, air conditioner in motor control center could be
turned on, while shall be shut down for two hours during night shift (0 o’clock, 2 o’clock)
and records shall be kept.
“Automatic” shall be selected as operation mode of air conditioner, temperature

shall be set at 24℃.
Anomaly of air conditioner shall be immediately reported to superior and shall not be
handled by oneself;
Electric equipment operators shall remove filter screen of air conditioner on 1th and
15th of each month and install on the same day after airing. ( the date will be put off if it is
holiday). Power switch off must be cut off if air conditioner is not used for a long time.
9.2 Regular operation
Conducting lighting change-over panel test once a month and cleaning filter screen
of distribution cabinet. Manually debugging generator once for every three months.
Daily protection for diesel generator unit:
Diesel unit
Frequently scrub dust on surface of unit and keep a clean unit surface;
Taking anti-freezing measures for diesel engine water tank before each winter, and
rust prevention measures of water tank to ensure pure cooling water;
Conducting regular point inspection on engine oil to make sure whether oil leakage
exists, replacement is needed.
Daily maintenance of generator:
Frequently scrub dust on surface of unit and keep a clean unit surface;
Examining connection between electric element and wire and excluding potential
malfunction, like bad contact and short circuit;
Examining whether each mechanical connection part of unit is stale, lubrication is
good, electric insulation is good.
Maintenance of automatic control apparatus:
Automatic control apparatus shall be equipped with correct wire, and lithium battery
in PLC shall be replaced after 4-5 years’ usage.
Maintenance of the storage battery
153
Frequently examining and keeping cleanliness of battery surface and terminal and
ensure tight and stable connection of connecting clamp and smooth operation of
outgassing hole of vent plug, conducting objects, like mental tools shall not be put on
battery cover;
Over-discharging of battery shall be avoided during operation, and charging the
battery with sufficient rather abundant power, and charging shall be stopped until
electrolyte ratio will not rise, storage battery of the unit is charged automatically; battery is
in floating charge state under normal situation.
Impurity, like metal and organic matters, is not allowed to be dropped in the battery;
industrial sulphuric acid and impure water shall not be used.
9.3 Description for main cabinet type
Low-voltage distribution cabinet
MNS-type combined low-voltage set switch cabinet
Surrounding temperature of MNS-type combined low-voltage set switch cabinet shall
not be higher than +40 or lower than -5; and daily average temperature shall not be
higher than +35. Atmospheric conditions: Air shall be clean, relative humidity shall not
excess 50% under the highest temperature and is allowed to be relatively high under
lower temperature, for example, relative humidity is 90% at a temperature of +20. It shall
be considered that moderate condensation is likely to appear due to temperature
variation. Altitude shall not excess 2000m. Fire disaster, explosion risk, severe pollution,
chemical corrosion and strenuous vibration are not allowed for all places.
Structure of switch cabinet:
Combined assembling structure is the basic structure of switch cabinet, whole
structure of cabinet frame is stably connected with screw, and equipped with door,
clapboard, blanking plate, support, busbar, drawer, electric elements to form an intact
switch cabinet, the cabinet possess following characteristics:
Each cabinet of MNS-type combined low-voltage switch cabinet is divided into three
cabinets, namely horizontal busbar cabinet (in rear of the cabinet), drawer cabinet ( in
front of the cabinet), cable vault (in bottom or right side of the cabinet). Steel board or
high-strength flame-retarded plastic function board is used to separate cabinets, mental
154
board with ventilation hole is used to separate upper and lower drawer to effectively
avoid flashover of switch element due to malfunction or accident caused by short circuit
between busbar and other circuits.
Five standard sizes are available for motor control center cabinet, which are
respectively shown as follows: 8E/2, 8E, 16E, 24E, 72E, the cabinet possesses light and
handy structure, convenient assembling and precise size. (1E=25mm)
Drawer function unit possesses sound interchangeability and three states of work
position, test position, separation position, and the handle could be locked by four
padlocks.
Natural ventilation net square is set on switch top.
All doors of cabinet body shall be closed before power on, closing the switch and
examining whether mechanical interlocking is stably connected;
All drawers must be pulled out before power on and plugging in for once
successively to check whether each circuit is perfectly contacted;
Main busbar shall be installed on the top of cabinet body to make it convenient to
exam and maintain. Vertical busbar is equipped with flame-retarded insulation cover,
which could be installed in back of busbar to ensure personnel security. Doors of all
rooms and cable vaults shall be sealed with sealing pad to increase protection grade.
Horizontal cable vault is installed in top and bottom of cabinet body to connect control
line between cabinets and install terminal strip and grounding bar. Door of cable vault
shall be conveniently removed and installed on the scene.
All drawer unit rooms have been wholly separated to prevent spreading of arc when
short circuit occurs. Door of small room has an opening angle of 110 degrees and could
be removed.
Mechanical interlocking device exclusively owned by drawer unit can enable
interlocking of relay and drawer unit . Padlock could be added on three positions of
drawer to ensure safer operation and maintenance.
155
Operation procedure for accident generator
1 General Provisions
Purpose: The operation procedure is formulated to ensure safe operation of accident
generator unit of power plant, and the generator unit can independently start under
power outage situation to supply power for busbar and specify operation during manual
and automatic operation of debugging unit.
Range: The operation procedure is the basis for operation of accident generator unit,
and applicable for operation and maintenance on generators conducted by electric shift
operator, maintenance personnel.
Definition: The operation procedure is criterion for operation and maintenance of
accident generator unit.
Responsibility: Electric shift operator, maintenance personnel must strictly observe
the operation procedure to ensure normal standby application of the unit and normal
power supply of the unit under power outage situation.
10.2 System overview
Generator units are respectively located in diesel generator room within the factory.
Generator unit consists of diesel, automatic control system and unit control cabinet.
Y41,Y61-40T acts as power supply for normal operation of spare busbar, and unit can
independently start under normal power outage situation.
Unit is in hot standby state under normal situation.
When spare busbar is in power outage state, automatic control apparatus will launch
generator unit based on preset application, and speed up, generate electricity and close
switch to transmit electricity energy to electric equipment on accident busbar, the function
is realized by automatic control apparatus and unit control cabinet.
When power supply of Ⅰ section busbar in motor control center is recovered,

automatic control apparatus control the unit to independently shut down based on preset
application.
10.3 Main protection for unit
Automatic stop due to engine oil pressure
Automatic stop due to high revolving speed
156
Three times of starting failure
Automatic stop due to high temperature
Automatic starting: Diesel generator will automatically start 5 seconds after outage of
city power, and failure rate is less than 99%, unit could successively start for
three times, interval between two starting is 5 seconds;
Automatic inputting: Unit could output rated power within 5 seconds after successful
starting;
Unit will send out failure signal due to shutdown caused by failing starting or failure
during operation;
Automatic existing and automatic shutdown: Load will be converted back to city
power 10-30 seconds after recover of city power, and unit will continue to
conduct vacant operation for about 15 minutes before automatic shutdown;
10.4 Operation method for accident generator
Operation method for accident generator unit
Examination prior to operation
Examining whether grounding wire of control screen has been reliable
connected.
Examining correctness of phase sequence between A, B, C, three phase
leading-out terminal of generator unit and control screen, and correctness
of polarity of connection between L1, L2 leading-out terminal of generator
magnetic winding and control screen.
Examining whether each element is in good condition.
Examining whether primary and secondary connection of control screen is good.
Examining whether each fuse is in good condition.
Main switch shall be opened and change-over switch for voltage measurement
shall be in any position for voltage measurement, and other control switch
shall be correctly placed in corresponding positions.
Use:
Rising revolving speed to rated speed and terminal voltage to rated value
157
and observe the stability, and close the switch to deliver power if it is in
normal condition. Revolving speed of prime motor may change after being
loaded and the frequency may lower than rated frequency, if so,
readjustment could be conducted on revolving speed of prime motor to
reach rated frequency;
Load shall be cut off prior to shutdown to conduct vacant stop;
Paying attention to three phase load or current balance of three phase
generator to avoid damages on generator or voltage regulator due to single
phase operation or operation under severely unbalanced load;
10.5 Daily maintenance for accident generator unit
Daily maintenance items
Daily maintenance
Frequently conducting daily maintenance;
Keeping clean and dry air in generator cabinet. Ensuring good ventilation condition
and avoiding sunshine and rain;
Always paying attention to ventilation and heating of generator and ensuring current
and voltage will not excess rated value
Examining whether contact surface is tight, bolt and screw are loose to ensure good
conduction and grounding for electric parts.
Paying attention to vibration during operation Promptly handling anomalies.
Using 500V megameter to measure winding insulation resistance prior to use if idling
for a long time.
Running bearing in bearing house in 3000~5000 room or adding grease once a year,
chain grease shall be compatible with SRI-2 or grease will be spoiled thus damaging
bearing.
Security considerations during maintenance of generator unit:
When conducting examination and exclusion for failure of generator, Ensuring no
accident restart of generator unit will occur. Turning off control power of automatic control
device and removing connection of unit starting battery (negative electrode shall be firstly
removed).
158
Do not open pressure cover of radiator and heat exchanger during operation of
generator, which shall be conducted when generator unit has been cooled off and system
pressure has declined.
Do not leave rugs on or near generator.
159
Safety procedure of motor control center
11.1 Purpose:
The procedure is formulated to ensure safety operation of motor control center and
safe production. Thus, providing guidance basis for safe operation of operation
maintenance personnel.
11.2 Scope of Application:
Distribution room with factory area.
11.3 Potential Risk:
Electric safety possesses special meaning due to specificity of power generation.
Damage on electric equipment or operation failure of the system will directly influence
normal operation of chemical engineering equipment or even cause personal injury or fire
disaster.
11.4 Safety Goal:
Operating carefully to avoid false operation; strengthening operation maintenance of
equipment, and promptly figuring out and supervising treatment of defects of equipment
to avoid liability accident of equipment under charge of the station;
Avoiding false action, refusal of action and false contact of relay protection under
charge of the station;
Avoiding personal injury or death and fire disaster under charge of the
station; 11.5 Safety routine work
Substation shall conduct safety activity once a month. Summarizing safe operation
of previous month in safety activity, which shall be conducted combining
practical conditions to take effective measures. Making preparations prior to the
activity to solve practical problems with clear purposes and emphasis.
Conducting comprehensive examination once a quarter. Carefully conducting
examination one by one according to operation and management specification
and in combination with practical condition of equipment and personnel of the
station. Formulating rectification plan for potential risk found after the
examination and implementing to each person. Conducting the rectification
160
within specified period.
Earnestly and practically conducting protection on small animals. Ploughing cable
trench once a year and cleaning sundries; examining inlet and outlet of cable
trench, works shall infirm operation shift operator and keep records if partition
wall of inlet and outlet of cable trench is to be opened for working purposes.
Shift operator shall conduct acceptance for recovery after working. Replacing
rodenticide once a month; replacing bait in mouse cage once a week.
Conducting seasonal preventions and periodic accident prediction and exercise
aiming to accidents.
Earnestly executing the system of “Two Certificates, Three Systems” (operation
certificate, work certificate, shift system, itinerant mission system and system of
periodic change-over test for equipment)
11.6 Fire protection
Electric fire disaster and explosion are fire disaster explosion accident due to fire
source caused by electric reasons. Possessing following two features: One is potential
electric shock and the other is possibility of oil injection and explosion ( transformer is
most likely to explode), rapid expansion of accident. Therefore, it is of great significance
to emergency operation for fire protection of motor control center.
1．Equipment fire disaster and preventative measures:
Potential fire disaster risk is mainly due to arc and high temperature caused by
normal operation, aging, malfunction of electric equipment based on special
circumstance of motor control center. Preventative measures include:
Selecting correct power supply equipment and electric equipment and conducting
correct installation and wiring;
Strengthening insulation supervision, and maintaining qualified electric insulation
strength;
Conducting rational setting of relay protection;
Keeping cleanliness of equipment;
Overhualing equipment in strict accordance with specified period.
Testing contact temperature periodically; installing air conditioner to lower
161
operating temperature.
Emergency operation for fire disaster is also with great significance. Motor control
center shall be equipped with correct and sufficient fire apparatus according to
regulations on fire protection. Dry powder extinguisher, carbon dioxide extinguisher can
be used for 0.4KV system of motor control system, while carbon dioxide extinguisher
cannot be used for 35KV system.
Operation personnel shall immediately report fire alarming to central control and put
out the fire and ask for support by immediately calling fire telephone.
162

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3 Operation Procedure For Electric System

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Operation Procedures for Electric System

BAYAH 2×60MW POWER PLANT (PHASE I)

Operation Manual & Training Document

Electric Power Research Institute of Architectural Design

rch Institute of Southeast

1.Operation Procedure for Primary and Auxiliary Electrical Systems ......................................1

1.2 Scope of Application.................................................................................................................1

1.3 General Provisions....................................................................................................................2

1.4 Division of Equipment Dispatching Range..........................................................................2

1.5 System Operation Modes........................................................................................................3

1.6 General Requirements For Operation..................................................................................4

2.Operation Procedures for Generator..........................................................................................29

2.1.Start and Stop Operation of Generator..............................................................................29

2.2 Normal Operation of Generator......................................................................................39

2.3 Generator excitation system.................................................................................................42

2.4 Generator abnormal operation and troubleshooting.......................................................47

3. Operation Procedures for Transformer.....................................................................................63

3.1 Regulations for Transformer Operation.............................................................................63

3.2 Operate the transformer..................................................................................................... 70

3.3 Inspection and maintenance during operation of transformer......................................74

3.4 Transformer abnormal operation and troubleshooting...................................................80

4. Operation Procedures for Motor.................................................................................................86

4.1 Operation procedures for motor..........................................................................................86

4.2 General principles of operation for motor..........................................................................89

4.4 Abnormal operation and accident handling of motor ......................................................95

5. Operation Procedures for Power Distribution Unit..............................................................101

5.2 Busbar and knife switch......................................................................................................110

6. Operation Procedures for DC System....................................................................................127

6.1 Operation Rules for DC System........................................................................................127

6.2 Operation and Maintenance of the Storage Battery.....................................................128

6.3 Inspection items for DC system........................................................................................130

6.4 Abnormality Treatment for DC System............................................................................130

7. Operation Procedures for UPS System.................................................................................137

7.1 System composition:............................................................................................................137

7.2 System Functions:................................................................................................................138

7.3 System Operation Modes...................................................................................................138

7.4 UPS Operation......................................................................................................................139

8. Operation Procedures for Relay Protection, Automatic Device, Power Monitoring

8.1 Operation and management regulations of protective device:..................................142

8.2 Regulations on fixed value alternation............................................................................ 144

8.4 Operating provision for protection and automatic device............................................146

8.5 Arrangement for protection monitoring system..............................................................147

8.6 Principle of common operation and motion treatment .................................................147

8.7 Operation and management regulations for power monitoring system...................150

9. Operation Procedures for Motor Control Center..................................................................151

9.1 Purpose And General Provisions......................................................................................151

9.2 Regular operation.................................................................................................................153

9.3 Description for main cabinet type.....................................................................................154

10. Operation procedure for accident generator ......................................................................156

10.1 General Provisions.............................................................................................................156

10.2 System overview................................................................................................................156

10.3 Main protection for unit..................................................................................................... 156

10.4 Operation method for accident generator....................................................................157

10.5 Daily maintenance for accident generator unit............................................................158

11. Safety procedure of motor control center............................................................................160

11.2 Scope of Application:.........................................................................................................160

11.3 Potential Risk:......................................................................................................................160

11.4 Safety Goal:.........................................................................................................................160

11.5 Safety routine work.............................................................................................................160

11.6 Fire protection......................................................................................................................161

1.Operation Procedure for Primary and Auxiliary Electrical Systems

0 Safety Code of Electric Power Industry

1 Electrical Accident Handling Procedures