22/08/2016

2
Mechanics

Fundamental Principles
ES 11 Lecture 1

https://www.flickr.com/photos/thehousekeeper/3527434989

3
Mechanics 4
Classical vs Quantum Mechanics
Classical : physical laws (macro)
description and prediction of reactions
of bodies to FORCES Quantum : sub-atomic

5
Application of Mechanics 6
Branches of Mechanics

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7 4 Basic Concepts of Mechanics 8

4. Force
1. Space
defined based on intuition action of a body on another
2. Time
and experience magnitude, direction, point of application
3. Mass

Two forces P = 75 N and Q = 125 N

9 Resultant of [concurrent] Forces 10 Ex. # 1 are applied as shown at point A of a
hook support. Determine the
Combined effect of multiple forces magnitude and direction of their
Triangle resultant.
Law
𝑅= 752 + 1252 − 2 75 125 cos (125)
70° α 𝑅 = 178.90 𝑁
β
P 𝑅 𝑄
=
70° R sin 125 sin 𝛽
55°
𝛽 = 34.91°
Q 𝛼 = 180 − 70 − 𝛽 = 75.09°

Parallelogram Law of Vector Addition 𝑅 = 178.90 𝑁 ↘ 75.09°

11 Resultant of multiple Forces 12 Resolution of a force to components

Infinite number of pairs of
components
Infinite
R possibilities of P

Consecutive LOA
application of
??? the triangle law!
of Q
R

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Determine the magnitudes of forces A force H is to be resolved

13 Ex. # 2 P and Q such that they are directed 14 Ex. # 2 into two components
as shown and their resultant is
acting in the U and V
R = 200 N 60°
directions. The magnitude
𝑅 𝑄
=
sin 125 sin 50 of H is 300 N. If the
70° 60° 𝑄 = 187.03 𝑁 component along the V-
P 50
direction is twice that of
70° R 𝑅2 = 𝑃2 + 𝑄 2 − 2𝑃𝑄 cos 125
55° the component along the
𝑃 = 21.28 𝑁
Q U-direction, determine the
value of angle α.

15 Ex. # 2 U 300 N 16 Rectangular Components

α 25°
V = 2U
𝑈 2 = 3002 + (2𝑈)2 −2 300 2𝑈 cos 25
𝑈 = 234.70 𝑁 𝑜𝑟 127.82 𝑁

300 𝑈
𝐻 =𝑉+𝑈 sin 𝛼
=
sin 25
𝛼 = 32.69° 𝑜𝑟 82.70°

17 Rectangular Components 18 Resultant using Rectangular

Components
𝐹 = 𝐹𝑥 𝑖 + 𝐹𝑦 𝑗 𝑅 =𝑃+𝑄
𝐹 = 𝐹 cos 𝜃 𝑖 + 𝐹 sin 𝜃 𝑗 𝑅 = 𝑅𝑥 𝑖 + 𝑅𝑦 𝑗
Qy
𝐹 2 = 𝐹𝑥 2 + 𝐹𝑦 2 𝑅𝑥 = 𝑃𝑥 + 𝑄𝑥
𝐹𝑦
tan 𝜃 = 𝑅𝑦 = 𝑃𝑦 + 𝑄𝑦
𝐹𝑥 Py
𝐹=𝐹↗𝜃 Px Qx

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19 Force Representation 20 Force Representation

1. Magnitude and reference
5 4
angle 𝐹 = 100 𝑁
3
𝐹=𝐹 𝜃
3 4
2. Rectangular components 𝐹= 100 𝑖 + 100 𝑗
𝐹 = 𝐹𝑥 𝑖 + 𝐹𝑦 𝑗 5 5
= 60 𝑁 𝑖 + 80 𝑁𝑗
3. Magnitude and slope of LOA
𝐹=𝐹 b 𝐹 = 100 𝑁 53.13°
a

Two forces P = 75 N and Q = 125 N are Two forces P = 75 N and Q = 125 N are
21 Ex. # 4 applied as shown at point A of a hook
support. Determine the magnitude and
22 Ex. # 4 applied as shown at point A of a hook
support. Determine the magnitude and
direction of their resultant. direction of their resultant.
𝑅𝑥 = 𝑃𝑥 + 𝑄𝑥
𝑹𝒙 = 𝟒𝟔. 𝟎𝟓 𝑵 → 𝑹𝒚 = 𝟏𝟕𝟐. 𝟖𝟕 𝑵 ↓
+→ 𝑅𝑥 = −75 sin 20 + 125 sin 35
𝑅2 = 𝑅𝑥 2 + 𝑅𝑦 2
𝑹𝒙 = 𝟒𝟔. 𝟎𝟓 𝑵 → 𝑅 = 178.90 𝑁
𝑅𝑦 = 𝑃𝑦 + 𝑄𝑦
𝑅𝑦 172.87
+↑ 𝑅𝑦 = −75 cos 20 − 125 cos 35 tan 𝜃 = =
𝑅𝑥 46.05
𝑹𝒚 = 𝟏𝟕𝟐. 𝟖𝟕 𝑵 ↓ 𝜃 = 75.09°

Determine the resultant of the 3 forces Two forces, H and P, act on a

23 Ex. # 5 shown. 24 Quiz # 1 hook as shown. If the resultant
10 6 of the two forces is a 100 N
𝐹1 = 800 𝑁 force acting 10° CCW from the
8 x-axis, determine
4.8 a. the angle α for the
𝐹2 = 408 𝑁 10.2 9 magnitude of force P to be
minimum
b. the corresponding
5.6 magnitudes of H and P (to α
𝐹3 = 424 𝑁 9 in a.)
10.6