1.

Economic motives for exploration

1
The economics are why columbus decides to go and sail the dea to find the North America.
There were key things coming and going from each place. There were new crops that came
from North America to Europe then all over the world. Potatoes and cash crops started to show
up in Europe. Some of the spices made food batter, and last longer.From the old world to the
new it brought disease and animals. Then from the new to the old world cash crops where a big
thing. The whole idea of gold, glory, god was introduced, for god bringing over everyone into
christianity. Glory, explorers want to gain fame & status by finding valuable new areas, and
trade routes for their nation. Gold, people wanting gold and the idea of mercantilism.

1
"Key Concept 4.1 Globalizing Networks of ... - AP Worldipedia." 30 Apr. 2017,
http://apworldipedia.com/index.php?title=Key_Concept_4.1_Globalizing_Networks_of_Communication_a
nd_Exchange​. Accessed 26 Oct. 2017.
2. Religious motives for exploration

“The fth reason was his great desire to make increase in the faith of our Lord Jesus
Christ and to bring to him all the souls that should be saved,-understanding that all the mystery
of the Incarnation, Death, and Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ was for this sole end-namely the
salvation of lost souls-whom the said Lord Infant by his travail and spending would fain bring
into the true path. For he perceived that no better offering could be made unto the Lord than
this; …”

The European countries wanted to spread christianity throughout the world and have
people convert to their religion. Majority of the Europeans wanted religous freedom. The
Europeans set sail to go find new land around the world and they took the catholic missionaries,
merchants and soldiers. Once they got to North America if the native americans did not convert,
the natives would be threatened to death. In the excerpt “The Chronicle of Guinea” said that
Lord Jesus Christ wants to bring more followers for a better religious opportunities. Jesus
believed that this religion would save souls, have great offerings and allow you into heaven.
Lord Jesus Christ believed that this was the first true religion.

Carter, Alan. World History.​ Heritage High School, Fall 2017, 

https://classroom.google.com/c/NTA0NjIxNTQ4NFpa​. Accessed 3 November 2017 
3. Political motives for exploration

“The most powerful countries of Europe saw colonies as a way to extend their economic
and political power. Competition between European countries sometimes spilled over into the
Americas. For example, England captured the Dutch colony of New Netherlands in 1664 and
renamed it New York. While Spain was taking control of the southern areas of the Americas,
other Europeans like the French and British were sending out expeditions to find the
NORTHWEST PASSAGE, a water route through North America to Asia.”

2
During this time the Europeans had big nation rivalries such as Asia,Italy, England, Spain,
France and the British. They saw each colony as a way to extend their political power. In the
Americans all of the powers were fighting for land. Spain was taking control of the south areas,
England captures Dutch and later renamed it to New York in 1664. Northwest Passage was
found from the French and the British using expeditions, this was a way for people in Asia to get
over to North America.

2
"UNIT I - REASONS FOR EXPLORATION & COLONIZATION - WSMS ...."
https://sites.google.com/a/lovejoyisd.net/wsms-8th-history/home/unit-i-colonization-1/unit-i---exploration-c
olonization​. Accessed 1 Nov. 2017.
4. Columbus’ conquest of Hispaniola

Hispaniola discovered by Columbus is located in central day bahamas. This was the first piece
of land that was the first New World colony, and was settled by spain. Columbus’s true mission
was to find the Indies islands that are apart of Asia. Columbus began enslaving the Native
Americans to mine gold. Due to disease and maltreatment this quickly wiped out the native
population. After the disease wiped out everyone the Europeans started to realize that this was
a unknown area. The Spanish started to go north and take over everything up to south america.

Carter, Alan. World History.​ Heritage High School, Fall 2017, 

https://classroom.google.com/c/NTA0NjIxNTQ4NFpa​. Accessed 3 November 2017 
5. Spanish encomienda system
The Spanish encomienda system is the enslaved Native Americans that are forced to work in
agriculture, mining, etc. under harsh conditions. When the spanish came in and took everything
over they decided to enslave the Native Americans and make them work in harsh conditions.
From these conditions a huge number of Natives died. They were forced to convert into
Christianity, and if they refused they were tortured and killed. They were fully under the control
of the Spanish.

Carter, Alan. World History.​ Heritage High School, Fall 2017, 

https://classroom.google.com/c/NTA0NjIxNTQ4NFpa​. Accessed 3 November 2017 
6. Disease epidemics in Native American populations

There was one thing that took out the Native Americans. This was a disease that was brought
from Europe, it traveled to America because of the Triangle Trade/Columbus Trade. The
disease was smallpox, the Lakota Indians called it the running face sickness. Many of the tribes
experienced a great depopulation, averaging 25-50 percent of the tribe lost. The smallpox were
so deadly because there was no cure and no vaccine, back in Europe we found out that it was
responsible for one third of all blindness.

3
"Native American disease and epidemics - Wikipedia."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American_disease_and_epidemics​. Accessed 2 Nov. 2017.
7. Cortes’ conquest of the Aztecs

4
Cortes was a Spanish conquistador. Once he met the Native American tribes they told him that
the Aztecs have a huge amount of gold. The Aztecs were located in Tenochtitlan (their capital).
Cortes eventually finds allies who are against the Aztecs. When they got to Tenochtitlan they
kidnap Emperor Montezuma. The Aztecs took all of the gold reserves and this makes Spain
rich, also takes Mexico as a Spanish colony. With kidnaping the emperor they got smallpox,
Native American allies, and superior technology.

4
"Aztec capital falls to Cortés - Aug 13, 1521 - HISTORY.com."
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/aztec-capital-falls-to-cortes​. Accessed 3 Nov. 2017.
8. Pizarro’s conquest of the Inca

5
Cortes’ travels to the New World to find gold. He comes across the Aztecs and learns that they have a lot
of power and many resources such as minerals, gold and copper. Cortes’ wants to align with the enemies
of Aztecs, he is trying to take advantage of the Aztecs because they view him as a god. He brings the
disease smallpox which is a eradicated virus that can be transmitted through blood, skin to skin contact,
and by saliva. While using weapons and the Aztecs’ enemies he takes over and gets control of their gold,
while the population had a big decrease due to the disease and advanced weaponry. This picture shows
Cortes’ pointing to his troops to get the Aztecs and or gold.

5
"Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire - Wikipedia."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Inca_Empire​. Accessed 7 Nov. 2017.
9. Middle Passage
“The ​Middle Passage​ was the stage of the ​triangular trade​ in which millions of ​African​s​ ​were shipped
to the ​New World​ as part of the ​Atlantic slave trade​. Ships departed ​Europe For​ African markets with
manufactured goods, which were traded for purchased or kidnapped Africans, who were transported
across the Atlantic as slaves; the slaves were then sold or traded for raw materials, which would be
transported back to Europe to complete the voyage. Voyages on the Middle Passage were large
financial undertakings, generally organized by companies or groups of investors rather than
individuals.”

6
The Middle Passage was port in Africa on the Triangle Trade. The Triangle Trade was a trade
between America, Africa and Europe. The main thing that the Middle Passage traded was African
slaves. In the ship the conditions were very harsh on the slaves they were put to work as the ship's
crew, so they would be in the bottom of the boat to row. During the journey about 15% of the
Africans died on sea.

6
"Middle Passage - Wikipedia." ​https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Passage​. Accessed 6 Nov. 2017.
10. ​African slavery in the New World
“Slavery in America began when the first African slaves were brought to the North American
colony of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619, to aid in the production of such lucrative crops as
tobacco. Slavery was practiced throughout the American colonies in the 17th and 18th
centuries, and African-American slaves helped build the economic foundations of the new
nation. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 solidified the central importance of slavery to the
South’s economy. By the mid-19th century, America’s westward expansion, along with a
growing abolition movement in the North, would provoke a great debate over slavery that would
tear the nation apart in the bloody American Civil War (1861-65). Though the Union victory freed
the nation’s 4 million slaves, the legacy of slavery continued to influence American history, from
the tumultuous years of Reconstruction (1865-77) to the civil rights movement that emerged in
the 1960s, a century after emancipation.”

7
The african slaves otherwise know as “black gold” as King Charles II would say. From Africa
the Africans joined poor white Europeans as servants they would earn land and freedom, but
had to work for 7 years. They were forced to work on the farm to produce crops such as
tobacco. When the Africans were shipped to america they were sent to Jamestown, Virginia. As
African slaves they had no rights.

7
"Slavery in America - Black History - HISTORY.com."
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/slavery​. Accessed 6 Nov. 2017.
11. Columbian Exchange

8
The Columbian exchange was a way of transferring to and from the New World and the Old
World. By doing this it brought over things to the new world like plants, animals, new and old
food, culture, humans and spices. The Old World also got some things for the New World like
Corn. The most important spices were taken over to the New World as well, such as sugar and
salt. The most common disease that was brought over from the Old World.

8
"Columbian Exchange - Wikipedia." ​https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbian_Exchange​. Accessed 7
Nov. 2017.
12. Social structures in the New World

9
In the new world they have a systems of power just like they did during the crusades. Some of
the social classes were based on where you were born or they would say it depended on how
“pure” your blood was. These are the classes:
-Peninsulares: These where the “purebloods” from Iberian Peninsula, the highest part
in the social class they were the people who had and held high in the office (church,
government, military)
-Creoles: People born in America (New World) who own land, but couldn't hold the
highest positions.
-Mestizos: The people who were born in the old world came over to the new world and
married someone from the new world then had a family.
-Mulattoes: Spanish and African descents that came to the New World to work
-Zambos: Amerindian and African descents that work in the New World
Many of the Africans were brought over from Africa in the Triangle Trade, and during the work
that they were forced to do in America if they had a shot they would try to escape and find their
way to a native village.

9
"Social structure of Colonial Latin America - Moore Public Schools."
http://www.mooreschools.com/cms/lib/OK01000367/Centricity/Domain/2214/Social_Structure_of_Colonial
_Latin_America.pdf​. Accessed 7 Nov. 2017.
13. European Empires in the New World

This image show all of the different territories that were taken over by different people from
Europe. The spanish took over majority of the western side of the Americas and modern day
Florida. Portuguese is located in modern day Brazil and some islands south of the bahamas.
The French has the east side of modern day North America and Canada. British was located
on the east coast and some of upper Canada. Russia owns the west part of Alaska because it's
connected to Asia. Finally Dutch, they own very little to no land located towards the to of South
America and in the Bahamas.

Carter, Alan. World History.​ Heritage High School, Fall 2017, 

https://classroom.google.com/c/NTA0NjIxNTQ4NFpa​. Accessed 3 November 2017
14. Effect on European populations
“Soon after 1492, sailors inadvertently introduced these diseases — including smallpox,
measles, mumps, whooping cough, influenza, chicken pox, and typhus — to the Americas.
People who lived in Afro-Eurasia had developed some immunities to these diseases because
they had long existed among most Afro-Eurasian populations. However, the Native
Americans had no such immunities. Adults and children alike were stricken by wave after
wave of epidemic, which produced catastrophic mortality throughout the Americas. In the
larger centers of highland Mexico and Peru, many millions of people died. On some
Caribbean islands, the Native American population died out completely. In all, between
1492 and 1650, perhaps 90 percent of the first Americans had died.”

10
When the Europeans traveled through the Columbian exchange most to all of the
population died. Due to smallpox and other diseases this killed off 90% of the American
population. It says that wave after wave the adults and children were affected by the
diseases which produced catastrophic mortality throughout America. So you could say that
this killed a lot of the European population in the New World.

10
"The Columbian Exchange - Learn NC." ​http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/1866​. Accessed 7 Nov. 2017.
15. Effect on European economics

11
There were many things that were change in the old world that were in the new world. One of
the things that was created in Jamestown was the joint-stock companies. This was like you
going and buying some of a colony, then getting a little bit of that colony.

11
"Joint-Stock Companies [ushistory.org]." ​http://www.ushistory.org/us/2b.asp​. Accessed 7 Nov. 2017.