Assignment: ADCS_4

Submitted by: Sana Ullah

Submitted to: Col Adnan Ahmad Khan
Subject: Advanced Digital Communication
Semester: 1st
Dated: 23/12/2017
Coherent Detection
Coherent detection, also referred to as coherent demodulation, is a technique of phase
locking to the carrier wave to improve detection.

Principal
The key principle is to provide gain to the incoming optical signal by combing it with locally
generated CW optical field. The electric field of the transmitted optical signal is given by

Es = As cos [ωst + φs (t)]

As = Amplitude of optical signal field
ωs = Optical signal carrier frequency
One of the three modulation techniques can be implemented:
1. Amplitude shift keying(ASK)or On-Off keying(OOK)
2. Frequency shift keying(FSK)
3. Phase shift keying(PSK)
Benefits of coherent detection
Coherent detection therefore offers several key advantages compared to direct detection:
1) Greatly improved receiver sensitivity.
2) Can extract amplitude, frequency, and phase information from an optical carrier, and
consequently can achieve much higher capacity in the same bandwidth.
3) Its DSP can compensate very large chromatic and polarization mode dispersion due to
optical fibers, and eliminate the need for optical dispersion compensators and the
associated optical amplifiers. This saves not only significant capex, but also simplifies optical
network design tremendously, because the complicated dispersion map associated with
10G and 40G direct detection systems is no longer needed.
(4) When using balanced detectors with a high common mode noise rejection ratio (CMRR),
not only signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be improved further, but also agile wavelength
selection can be achieved by LO tuning without the use of an optical filter or demultiplexer.
This feature enables the next-generation colorless and directionless (CD), or even colorless,
directionless, and contentionless (CDC), reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers
(ROADM).
It should also be noted that laser phase noise of an LO is an important impairment in
coherent systems as it impacts the “phase coherence”. The “linewidth” parameter of a laser
diode is directly related to its phase noise.
Although its fundamental concept is derived from wireless communications systems,
coherent detection has started another paradigm shift in optical fiber communications. Its
impact has become as huge as what commercial laser diodes and erbium-doped fiber
amplifiers have brought to the industry. Consequently, long-haul optical networks have
already become coherent-centric today, while metro optical networks are bound to become
coherent-centric in the next few years.