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Chakraborty
AE 675A
4th January 2018
Why we need FEM as Engineers?
Understand the Behavior Derive laws in terms of
and/or Evolution of a Algebraic equations
System or Process and/or ODE(s) and/or
PDE(s), etc.
Chemcal Reaction, Heat
Transfer, Deformation, etc.
Thermo-mechanical analysis
of the turbine blade
Automotive Engineering
Stress analyses
Crash Analysis of gears
Civil Engineering
Analysis of structures
during earthquake
Fracture of
concrete
Manufacturing
Rolling
Deep Drawing
Metal cutting –
coupled thermo-
mechanical
Lab-scale experiments
Uniaxial tension
– YS, UTS, etc.
Indentation - hardness
Z X
Example: Statics
Stress
Divergence
Stress-Strain
(Constitutive)
Strain-
Displacement
Solve
The 15 equations for the given boundary
condition and geometry have to be solved to
obtain the displacement (3), strain (6) and
stress (6) component fields (functions) in the
body
xz yz zz
V w
w x , y , z
x b
z dV 0
y z
Weighted Residual - FEM
Node
•Linear interpolation
Interpolation in a 1D •Number of nodes in an element
element with 2 nodes depend on interpolation order
• Same interpolation can be used
for weight functions - Galerkin
Piecewise representation of the
functions in FEM
Shape functions are known/defined apriori – based on
what element is being used
Nodal values of the displacement components are the
unknown – to be solved
Since nodes are common between adjacent elements,
the nodal displacement variables are also common
Thus, in the entire domain the displacement field is
continuous (inside element due to shape function,
between adjacent elements due to node sharing)
Algebraic System
Load vector -
known
{u} [ K ]1{ f }
Solution Accuracy
FEM provides an
With 2 element approximate solution
With 5 element
Approach the actual
Actual solution with refinement
or increase in number of
elements