GIT
Pharynx,Oesophagus & Stomach
LOCATION
STRUCTURES INSIDE
NERVE SUPPLY
Motor - supply muscles
(sup.,middle,inferior
constrictor) supplied by
pharyngeal plexus EXCEPT
stylopharyngeal –by
glossopharyngeal n.
Sensory
ARTERIAL SUPPLY - ascending pharyngeal a.(br. of external carotid a.)
- tonsilar branches of facial a.
- br. of maxillary n lingual a.
LYMPH DRAINAGE
PHARYNX
NASAL ORAL LARYNGEAL
Lies above soft palate Lies behind oral Behind opening of
cavity larynx
(1)pharyngeal tonsil -palatine tonsil - most of foreign
 Lymphatic tissues - a lot of lymphatic bodies stick to
are well developed tissues (under piriform
in baby and children tongue) fossa( depression
due to immature - to ring the alarm, in mucus
immune in them. lymphatic tissue membrane) esp.
 When increasing in enlarge in size fish bone
age, become less in
size and function
 enlargement of it
cause partial
obstruction of nasal
pharynx(Adenoid)
(2) opening of auditory
tube
(3) tubal elevation-
superior of the auditory
tube
maxillary n. Glossopharyngeal n. Interval laryngeal
n.(br. of vagus
nerve)
*internal carotid a. Gives no
supply to neck but BRAIN
deep cervical lymph nodes(along interjugular vein)
 ESOPHAGUS
 Tube join laryngeal part of pharynxat C6 n join stomach at abdomen
 25 cm long = ureter
 Greater part – within thorax
 lesser(abdominal) part - in abdomen
- 1.25 cm
# At level of T10,
-it passes through the diaphragm n join into stomach
- 3 anatomical n physiological constriction (narrowing of lumen) occur
1) pharynx → esophagus
2) esophagus come into contact with aorta
3) esophagus → stomach

+++ no anatomical sphincter btwn lower part of eso n stomach

+++ in most of cancer, tumors occur in constriction
+++ oesophageal reflux= ascending of content of stomach to lower part of eso

PARTS OF ESOPHAGUS

UPPER MIDDLE LOWER

BLOOD SUPPLY
Artery Inferior thyroid a. Esophageal branches Lt. Gastric a
(fr subclavian a.) of descending aorta

Vein Inferior thyroid v. Azygos v. Lt. Gastric v.

(fr subclavian v.)
NERVE SUPPLY Parasympathetic
LYMPHATIC Deep cervical lymph Sup & post Lymph nodes along
DRAINAGE nodes mediastinal nodes Lt. Gastric blood
vessels that drin into
celiac nodes
 STOMACH
- Dilatable portion
- Capacity : 1500ml/cc
- Fixed at ends (cardiac & pyloris), mobile in btwn
- Location: upper part of abdomen, behind Lt. Costal margin, epigastric & umbilical region
- J- shaped
- Has : 2 openings----cardiac & pylorus
: 2 curvatures---- lesser & greater
: 2 surfaces------ anterior & posterior
It is ÷ into 4 PARTS:

FUNDUS BODY ANTRUM PYLORUS

-normally full with - start fr. Cardiac Incisura angularis Tubular part
gas orifice → incisura →pylorus Has: - pylorus
- gas bubble present angularis sphincter
as black spot during - pyloric
X-ray canal
-Dome- shaped

Relations
Anteriorly: anterior abdominal wall, left costal margin, left pleura & lung, the diaphragm, the
left lobe of liver
Posteriorly: lesser sac, diaphragm, spleen, left suprarenal gland, upper part of left kidney,
splenic artery, pancreas, transverse mesocolon & treansverse colon

PERITONEAL FOLDS
Lesser omentum- connect lesser curvature of stomach to liver
Greater ometum- connect lower part of greater curvature to tranverse colon
- ‘policeman’ of the abdomen= localize any infection in body
Gastrosplenic omentum – connect upper part of greater curvature to spleen

ARTERY VEIN LYMPHATIC NERVE

-Lt. gastric a. Drain into portal Lymph vessels follow Sympathetic fibres
- Rt. gastric a. circulation: arteries into: fr. Celiac plexus
-Short gastric a. -Lt. % Rt. gastric v. LT. & Rt.gastric nodes. Parasympathetic fr.
-Lt. gastroepiploic drain directly into -Lt. & Rt. gastroepiploic Rt. & Lt. vagus
a. portal v. nodes nerve
-Rt. -Short gastric v. & Lt. -Short gastric nodes
gastroepiploic a. gastroepiploic v. Join All lymph fr. Stomach
the splenic vein eventually passes to
- Rt. gastroepiploic v. the celiac nodes
join s the sup. located around the root
mesenteric v. of celiac artery on the
post. abdominal wall