CHAPTER 4

4.0 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

This chapter is concerned with the analysis of the response to the field work and inventory of

pipeline disasters conducted to examine the causes, extent and effect these disasters on the inhabitant

of the study area.

4.1 Field Survey

As earlier mentioned under methodology in chapter three efforts were made to collect information

about the people within the study area, and their past experiences of pipeline explosions.

Questionnaires were administered in three different areas at Abule egba, Ikotun and Ijegun Imole

with at least one year experience along the axes. 60 Questionnaires were sent out and out of which

only 44 were recovered because some of them were not returned and others were not properly filled.

Of this, 25 were received from Abule egba, 6 from Ijegun Imole and 13 from Ikotun.

4.2 ABULE EGBA

From table 4.1 below of all respondents interviewed in Abule egba, 32% regularly plyed the road,

another 28% were permanent residents of the area while 40% were workers within the area.

Table 4.1 Respondent relationship with the area

Road you ply 32%

Residence 28%
Work 40%
Source: fieldwork, 2010

4.2.1 Encroachment on ROW of pipelines

There were some observed economic activities going on around the right of way of the pipelines.

1
These were petty trading, saw milling and automobile repairs (mechanics). As seen in table 4.2 and

figure 4.1 below, 45% of the respondents agreed that mechanic activities predominates the ROW. On

the other hand 40% believe it is the thriving plank market (saw mill), while 20% went for petty

trading.

Table4.2 Activities around the ROW of the pipelines

Activities around ROW

Petty trading 25%
saw mill 40%
Mechanic 35%
Source: fieldwork, 2010

Figure 4.1 Economic activities around the ROW of the pipelines at Abule egba

Source: fieldwork, 2010

4.2.2 Pipeline vandalism

From table 4.3 below 75% of respondents believed that there was a high visibility of the ROW of the

pipelines although this was opposed by some 25% of the respondents. Pipeline leakage and

subsequent fire explosion was generally agreed to be the major disaster of the area. 82% of the

respondents agreed to this fact. There have been two major fire disasters in the last five years. These

2
were in 15th May 2008 and Ile epo explosion in year 2006. The death statistics are alarming; 45%

agreed that less than 500 died, 5% said between 500-1000 died while 50% believed more than 1000

died for year 2006 and 2008 respectively.

From figure 4.2 and table 4.3 below, the rate of siphoning seems to be a little haphazard. Majority of

the respondents believed that siphoning occurs once in more than five year(45%), followed by rarely

with 33% , than once in five years with 20% and every night with 2%.

Table 4.3 Death and Vandalism Statistics from Abule egba

ROW visibility
Yes 75%
No 25%
Fire disasters 82%
Deaths
<500 45%
500-1000 5%
>1000 50%
Siphoning rate
Once in 5 years 20%
Every night 2%
Rarely 33%
Once in more than 5 years 45%
Source: fieldwork, 2010

3
Figure 4.2 Rate of siphoning of pipeline product in Abule egba

Source: field work, 2010

4.2.3 Reasons for vandalism of pipelines

There were four major reasons for pipeline vandalism and siphoning of pipeline products in the area.

From table 4.4 and figure 4.3 the economic situation of the country came the limelight with poverty/

economic reasons being the major reason for vandalism with 45% dominance. Social reason and

product scarcity accounted for 25% each while sabotage to government came least with just 5%.

Table 4.4 Reasons for pipeline vandalism

Social 25%
Economic 45%
Fight government 5%
Mitigate product scarcity 25%
Source: fieldwork, 2010

4
Figure 4.3 Reasons for pipeline vandalism in Abule egba

Source: field work, 2010

4.2.4 Effect of pipeline explosion on the area

The past disasters have had a huge impact on the people of this area. The main effect was the loss of

personal belongings. Many of the mechanics had lost their tools and automobile parts to past

explosions. From table 4.5 and figure 4.4 below, 49% of respondents had lost some of their

properties to past inferno. Psychologically, these people are living under emotional torment as 20%

still live under the fear of re-occurrence of pipeline explosion. With regards to the physical

environment, 25% of respondents attribute their water pollution to these events while 13% relate it to

air pollution.

Table 4.5 Effect of pipeline explosion on the area

Fear of re-occurrence 20%

water pollution 25%
air pollution 13%
loss of property 49%
Source: fieldwork, 2010

5
Figure 4.4 Effects of pipeline explosion on the area

Source: field work, 2010

4.2.5 Possible solutions by respondents

Several suggestions were made by the respondents as regards ways of mitigating future occurrences.

From table 4.6 and figure 4.5 below, a majority (90%) insisted that the pipeline be re-routed away

from the area. In addition, 33% advised for an increased presence of security personnel along the

pipeline this was corroborated with 28% insisting on arrest of vandals and the full enforcement of the

law on them to serve as deterrent to others. Other suggestions were the regular maintenance of the

pipeline and prompt response to risk alerts (17%), relocation of the settlement away from the pipeline

buffer zone (13%), better risk communication with the community (7%) and better roads (3%).

These are the flip side opposite of the problems faced in the area serving as causes of past incidents.

Thus it could be inferred that the roads are narrow and lack adequate traffic signs to warns both

pedestrians and motorists of the ROW of the pipeline. Also the population density along the pipeline

6
area is high and this serves as a potential risk to lives and properties there. Also the maintenance of

the pipelines is poor and regular check up is not carried out coupled with the fact that leakages are

not promptly responded to. Lastly the level of security is compromised to some extent.

Table 4.6 Possible solutions

re-route pipeline yes 90%

re-route pipeline no 10%
Increased security along
pipelines 33%
relocation of settlement 13%
arrest of vandals with stiff
penalty 28%
prompt pipeline
maintenance 16%
risk communication 7%
better roads 3%
Source: fieldwork, 2010

Figure 4.5 Representation of possible solutions by respondents

Source: fieldwork, 2010.

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4.2.6 Demographics of the respondents

Table 4.7 and Figures 6a-e below show the demographic breakdown of respondents in Abule egba.

(a) Occupational distribution

In Figure 4.6a majority of the respondents were students with a dominance of 27% followed by

mechanics with 26%. Civil servants and traders shared equal dominance with 18% with transporters

having a 11% ratio.

Table 4.7 Demographic breakdown of respondents

Jobs
students 27%
Civil
servants 18%
traders 18%
transporters 11%
mechanics 26%
Gender
male 68%
female 32%
Marital
status
single 50%
married 48%
widow/wido
wer 2%
Age
18-35 48%
35-50 40%
50+ 12%
Education
level
University 21%
Secondary 36%
primary 31%
none 12%

8
Source: fieldwork, 2010

Figure 4.6a Occupational distribution of respondents in Abule egba

Source: fieldwork, 2010

(b) Educational distribution

From figure 4.6b below, most of the respondents had studied up to the secondary school level. These

had a 36% dominance. This was closely followed by the primary school level with 31% and then the

university level with 21% and finally those who have not had any form of formal education with

12%. This area seems to be fairly literate with about 88% having gone through basic education.

9
Figure 4.6b Educational status of respondents

Source: fieldwork, 2010

(c) Age distribution

From figure 4.6c below, most of the respondents (48%) were adolescents between the ages of 18 to

35 years. The next large age group is that of adults between 35 and 50 years with a dominance of

40%. The elderly above 50 years were just 12%.

Figure 4.6c Age distribution of respondents in Abule egba

Source: fieldwork, 2010

(d) Marital Status

From figure 4.6d below, 50% of respondents were single with 48% being married and 2% being

widowed.

10
Figure 4.6d Marital status of respondents in Abule egba

Source: fieldwork, 2010

(e) Gender distribution

From figure 4.6e below, 68% of respondents were males while 32% were females. This statistic

coupled with those above makes us know that the area has a high population of economically active

men. Not forgeting the high level of poverty and mechanic activities with technical knowledge on

bolts and nots. This serves as potential labour force to fuel the illegal activity of pipeline vandalism in

the area.

11
Figure 4.6e Gender distribution of respondents in Abule egba

Source: fieldwork, 2010

4.3 IJEGUN IMOLE

From the field work all respondents (100%) were permanent residents of the area. They lived along

the ROW of the pipeline. The area is a sub-urban settlement.

4.3.1 Pipeline vandalism

From table 4.8 below, only 17% of respondents believed that there was a high visibility of the ROW

of the pipelines although this was opposed by a huge 83% of the respondents. Pipeline leakage and

subsequent fire explosion was generally agreed to be the major disaster of the area. 100% of the

respondents agreed to this fact. There was a major explosion last year (2009). The death statistics

shows the sub-urban nature of the place with low population density. All respondents (100%) agreed

12
that less than 30people died at the last explosion.

From table 4.8 below, the rate of siphoning seems to have a dispersed frequency with once in five

years at 67% while once in more than five years at 33%. This could be due to the high presence of

security personnel around the area. The major reasons for vandalization were social and economic

reasons with 83% and 17% respondents respectively. It could be inferred that the economic reason

could have triggered the illegal business to a level of high social acceptance in the area.

Table 4.8 Death and Vandalism Statistics from Ijegun imole

ROW visibility
Yes 17%
No 83%
Fire disasters 100%
Deaths
<30 100%
Siphoning rate
Once in 5 years 67%
Once in more than 5 years 33%
Reasons for vandalization
Social 83%
Economic 17%
Source: fieldwork, 2010

4.3.2 Effect and Possible solutions to pipeline explosion in the area

The major effect of pipeline leakage and eventual explosion on the area apart from death is

groundwater pollution. The water in the area is polluted with pipeline content. All (100%)

respondents complained of the water pollution.

As seen in table 4.9 below, among the suggestions given as possible remedy to the current situation

were re-routing the pipeline (100%), arrest of vandals and imposition of stiff penalties (100%),

regular pipeline maintenance (85%), provision of security lights along the pipeline route (80%) and

13
relocation of the settlement (50%).

Table 4.9 Suggested solutions to pipeline explosion in Ijegun imole

re-route pipeline yes 100%

relocation of settlement 50%
arrest of vandals with stiff
penalty 100%
prompt pipeline maintenance 85%
security light along the
pipeline route 80%
Source: fieldwork, 2010.

4.3.3 Demographics of the respondents

Table 4.10 and Figures 7a-e below show the demographic breakdown of respondents in Ijegun

imole.

(a) Occupational distribution

In Figure 4.7a majority of the respondents were farmers with a dominance of 45% followed by

transporters with 37%. Traders had a dominance of 18%.

Table 4.10 Demographic breakdown of respondents

Jobs
traders 18%
transporters 37%
farmers 45%
Gender
male 66%
female 34%
Marital
status
single 17%
married 83%
widow/widower
Age
18-35 33%

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 35-50 33%
50+ 34%
Education
level
University
Secondary
primary 76%
none 34%
Source: fieldwork, 2010

Figure 4.7a Occupational distribution of respondents in Ijegun imole

Source: fieldwork, 2010

(b) Educational distribution

From figure 4.7b below, most of the respondents had studied up to the primary school level with

69% dominance, while those who have not had any form of formal education with 31%. This area

seems to be fairly illiterate with none of the sampled population having post primary school level of

education.

15
Figure 4.7b Educational status of respondents

Source: fieldwork, 2010

(c) Age distribution

From figure 4.7c below, the age group distribution of respondents seem to be fairly spread among

each other. The age groups 18 to 35 years and 35-50 years had a dominance of 33% each while 50

years and above had a dominance of 34%.

Figure 4.6c Age distribution of respondents in Ijegun imole

Source: fieldwork, 2010

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(d) Marital Status

From figure 4.7d below, 17% of respondents were single with 83% being married. This family set up

could be responsible for the communual life experienced here.

Figure 4.7d Marital status of respondents in Ijegun imole

Source: fieldwork, 2010

(e) Gender distribution

From figure 4.7e below, 66% of respondents were males while 34% were females. This statistic

coupled with those above makes us know that the area has a high population of family men with very

low technical know how. Thus making this area a lesser hot spot for pipeline vandalism and

consequent explosions as seen by the frequency of its events here.

17
Figure 4.7e Gender distribution of respondents in Ijegun imole

Source: fieldwork, 2010

4.4 IKOTUN

From table 4.11 below of all respondents interviewed in Ikotun, 14% regularly plied the road,

another 50% were permanent residents of the area while 31% were workers within the area.

Table 4.11 Respondent relationship with the area

Road you ply 14%

Residence 50%
Work 31%
Source: fieldwork, 2010

4.4.1 Encroachment on ROW of pipelines

There were some observed economic activities going on around the right of way of the pipelines.

These were petty trading and automobile repairs (mechanics). As seen in table 4.12 below, 47% of

the respondents agreed that mechanic activities predominates the ROW. On the other hand 46% went

for petty trading while 7% referred to churches as violators of the pipeline ROW. Only 20% of

18
respondents believed that there was a high visibility of the ROW of the pipelines although this was

opposed by some 80% of the respondents.

Table4.12 Activities around the ROW of the pipelines

Activities around ROW

Petty trading 46%
Mechanic 47%
Church 7%
ROW visibility
Yes 20%
No 80%
Source: fieldwork, 2010

4.4.2 Pipeline vandalism

From table 4.13 below, pipeline leakage and subsequent fire explosion was generally agreed to be the

major disaster of the area, 93% of the respondents agreed to this fact. There have been two major fire

disasters in the last three years. These were in 15 th May 2008 and Ejigbo, December 31st, 2007. The

death statistics are higher than Ijegun imole; 93% agreed that less than 200 died, while 7% believed

more than 1000 died.

From table 4.3 below, the rate of siphoning seems to be a little haphazard. Majority of the

respondents share equal view that siphoning occurs in the area once in more than five year (39%) and

once in five years with (39%). A minority of 22% the rate is more than once a year.

There were three major reasons for pipeline vandalism and siphoning of pipeline products in the area.

From table 4.13 and figure 4.8 the economic situation of the country came to the limelight with

poverty/ economic reasons being the major reason for vandalism with 60% dominance. Social reason

and product scarcity accounted for 23% each while sabotage to government came least with just

17%.

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Table 4.13 Death and Vandalism Statistics from Ikotun

Fire disasters 93%

Deaths
<200 93%
>1000 7%
Siphoning rate
Once in 5 years 39%
Once in more than 5 years 39%
more than once a year 22%
Reasons for vandalization
Social 24%
Economic 64%
Fight government 18%
Source: fieldwork, 2010

Figure 4.8 Reasons for pipeline vandalism in Ikotun

Source: field work, 2010

4.4.3 Effect of pipeline explosion on the area

The past disasters have had a huge impact on the people of this area. The main effect was the loss of

jobs and personal belongings. Many of the mechanics had lost their tools and automobile parts to

past explosions. From table 4.14 and figure 4.9 below, 30% of respondents had lost some of their

20
properties to past inferno leading to temporary unemployment for that period. With regards to the

physical environment, 40% of respondents attribute their water pollution to these events while 25%

relate it to air pollution.

Table 4.14 Effect of pipeline explosion on the area

water pollution 40%

air pollution 25%
loss of jobs 30%
Source: fieldwork, 2010

4.4.4 Possible solutions by respondents

Several suggestions were made by the respondents as regards ways of mitigating future occurrences.

From table 4.15 and figure 4.9 below, a majority (57%) insisted that the pipeline be re-routed away

from the area. In addition, 40% advised for an increased presence of security personnel along the

pipeline this was corroborated with 33% insisting on arrest of vandals and the full enforcement of the

law on them to serve as deterrent to others. Other suggestions were the regular maintenance of the

pipeline and prompt response to risk alerts (15%), relocation of the settlement away from the pipeline

buffer zone (30%), better risk communication with the community (15%). These are the flip side

opposite of the problems faced in the area serving as causes of past incidents. Thus it could be

inferred that the population density along the pipeline area is high and this serves as a potential risk to

lives and properties there. Also the maintenance of the pipelines is poor and regular check up is not

carried out coupled with the fact that leakages are not promptly responded to. Lastly the level of

security is compromised to some extent.

Table 4.15 Possible solutions

re-route pipeline yes 57%

re-route pipeline no 43%

21
 Increased security along
pipelines 40%
relocation of settlement 30%
arrest of vandals with stiff
penalty 33%
prompt pipeline maintenance 15%
risk communication 15%
Source: fieldwork, 2010

Figure 4.9 Representation of possible solutions by respondents

Source: fieldwork, 2010.

4.4.5 Demographics of the respondents

Table 4.16 and Figures 4.10a-e below show the demographic breakdown of respondents in Ikotun.

(a) Occupational distribution

In Figure 4.10a majority of the respondents were students with a dominance of 45% followed by
traders with 19%, transporters with 18%. Civil servants and mechanics shared equal dominance with

22
9%.

Table 4.16 Demographic breakdown of respondents

students 45%
Civil
servants 9%
traders 19%
transporters 18%
mechanics 9%
Gender
male 58%
female 42%
Marital
status
single 50%
married 52%
Age
18-35 68%
35-50 32%
Education
level
University 10%
Secondary 40%
primary 30%
none 20%
Source: fieldwork, 2010

23
Figure 4.10a Occupational distribution of respondents in Ikotun

Source: fieldwork, 2010

(b) Educational distribution

From figure 4.10b below, most of the respondents had studied up to the secondary school level.

These had 40% dominance. This was closely followed by the primary school level with 30% and

those who have not had any form of formal education with 20% and finally the university level with

10%. This area seems to have a fairly high literacy level with about 80% having gone through basic

primary education.

24
Figure 4.10b Educational status of respondents

Source: fieldwork, 2010

(c) Age distribution

From figure 4.10c below, most of the respondents (68%) were adolescents between the ages of 18 to

35 years. The next large age group is that of adults between 35 and 50 years with a dominance of

32%. No elderly person was recorded among the sample population.

25
Figure 4.10c Age distribution of respondents in Abule egba

Source: fieldwork, 2010

(d) Marital Status

From figure 4.10d below, 49% of respondents were single with 51% being married.

26
Figure 4.10d Marital status of respondents in Ikotun

Source: fieldwork, 2010

(e) Gender distribution

From figure 4.10e below, 58% of respondents were males while 42% were females. This statistic

coupled with those above makes us know that the area has a high population of economically active

men. Not forgeting the high level of poverty and mechanic activities with technical knowledge on

bolts and nots. This serves as potential labour force to fuel the illegal activity of pipeline vandalism in

the area.

27
Figure 4.6e Gender distribution of respondents in Ikotun

Source: fieldwork, 2010

28