1.

The Rohingja people were stateless since 1982, their writes were denied, there were discriminated
and not recognized. According to this, there is long history of persecution against Rohingja, but why the
situation in Malaysia radically escalated now?

Background: In 1982, a new citizenship law was passed, which effectively rendered the Rohingya
stateless. Under the law, Rohingya were again not recognized as one of the country's 135 ethnic groups.
The law established three levels of citizenship. In order to obtain the most basic level (naturalised
citizenship), there must be proof that the person's family lived in Myanmar prior to 1948, as well as
fluency in one of the national languages. Many Rohingya lack such paperwork because it was either
unavailable or denied to them. Rohinja are considered as a world’s most persecuted minority. After the
killings of nine border police in October 2016, troops started pouring into villages in Rakhine State. The
government blamed what it called fighters from an armed Rohingya group. The killings led to a security
crackdown on villages where Rohingya lived. During the crackdown, government troops were accused of
an array of human rights abuses, including extrajudicial killing, rape and arson - allegations the
government denied. Since the violence erupted, rights groups have documented fires burning in at least
10 areas of Myanmar's Rakhine State. More than 500,000 people have fled the violence, with thousands
trapped in a no-man's land between the two countries, according to the UN refugee agency.

Aung Sun Suu Kyi was criticized from the international community, her fellow Nobel Prize laureates, and
partially from the citizens of Malaysia that she failed to show proper leadership. She stated in her
interview with BBC that she “doesn’t want to take sides” and “she cannot intervene in the military
affairs , because of the existing constitution” and that “she is just a politician, not Mother Theresa”.
According to some, Suu Kyi was among those who accepted the military denials of abuses. More than
one diplomat who was contacted for this article described how she “lives in a bubble”. They suggested
her sources of information are a tiny number of trusted acolytes – many of whom share the prejudices
against the Rohingya that permeate wider society

Buddhist teachings were handed down orally and not written until centuries after the Buddha's lifetime.
The principle of non-violence is intrinsic to the doctrine, as stressed in the Dhammapada, a collection of
sayings attributed to the Buddha. Ironically to that, the ones who are preaching hatred against Rohinjas
are actually the Buddhist monks.

Most of what’s known about the Rohingya crisis is being collected from interviews and information
gathered at the Bangladesh border from those fleeing across it

It ramped up on August 25 after a small faction of Rohingya militants called the Arakan Rohingya
Solidarity Army attacked police posts, killing 12 members of Myanmar’s security forces. In retribution,
Myanmar’s military vowed to root out militant groups, and they’ve responded on a massive scale that
has left many innocent civilians dead, injured, or homeless.

Over the last two years accusations of sexual assault and local disputes have created a flashpoint for
violence that has quickly escalated into widespread communal clashes.
  The first and most deadly incident began in June 2012 when widespread rioting and clashes
between Rakhine Buddhists and Muslims, largely thought to be Rohingya Muslims, left 200 dead
and displaced thousands. It was the rape and murder of a young Buddhist woman which
sparked off that deadly chain of events

 In March 2013 an argument in a gold shop in Meiktila in central Myanmar led to violence
between Buddhists and Muslims which left more than 40 people dead and entire
neighbourhoods razed

 In August 2013 rioters burnt Muslim-owned houses and shops in the central town of Kanbalu
after police refused to hand over a Muslim man accused of raping a Buddhist woman

 In January 2014, the UN said that more than 40 Rohingya men, women and children were killed
in Rakhine state in violence that flared after accusations that Rohingyas killed a Rakhine
policeman.

 In June 2014, two people were killed and five hurt in Mandalay, Myanmar's second city,
following a rumour that spread on social media that a Buddhist woman had been raped by one
or more Muslim men

Myanmar has a long history of communal mistrust, which was allowed to simmer, and
was at times exploited, under military rule.

While there are not thought to be direct links between the various outbreaks of
communal unrest, the mistrust felt for decades is out in the open now in the new climate
of freedom.

Observers say the government is not doing enough to head the violence off and
because of this, further conflict is a risk.

Buddhist nationalism and religious tensions in Burma have existed at least as far back as the British
colonial era and into the rocky period following independence in 1948. Rohingya groups have for
decades fought under different banners for more autonomy in Rakhine. But these tensions reached a
new phase after 2011, when the country started to open up to the outside world after decades of
military rule, and the feeling of uncertainty over the future of Buddhist life in a changing country was
more acutely felt.

Muslims make up only about 4 percent of the country’s 53 million people, and the Rohingya make up
part of that minority. But Rakhine State fuels nationwide existential angst as the Rohingya are
concentrated in that territory, with more than 1.1 million living there. The state is seen as the “Western
Door” beyond which Muslim South Asia, and Global Islam, waits.

“There’s been a longstanding fear of Islamic cultures encroaching on Myanmar and weakening a
national identity centered around Buddhism, and the violence of the past five years, which is spun as
being largely perpetrated by Rohingya, confirms this in the minds of many,” Francis Wade, author of the
new book Myanmar’s Enemy Within: Buddhist Violence and the Making of a Muslim Other, told me.
“There are also local anxieties felt by Rakhine [Buddhists] which are often material in nature—that
Rohingya are taking land, overwhelming resources, and so on—but these feed into a wider narrative
that sees events in western Myanmar in more symbolic terms, of a conquest underway that threatens
Myanmar’s sovereignty and, as a result, one of the last bastions of Buddhism.”

There is general consensus in Malaysian security and intelligence circles that IS and home-grown Islamic
radicals are planning a terrorist attack in Malaysia