Does limited patient education correlate to less antibiotic adherence of individuals aged 20-34 that can

eventually lead to antibiotic resistance?

Step 1:
P: individuals aged 20-34
E: limited patient education
C: N/A
O: less antibiotic adherence leading to antibiotic resistance

Step2:
1. (O) Antibiotic resistance
2. (E) Limited patient education
3. (P) Individuals aged 20-34
4. (C) N/A

Step 3:

Step 4:
[CONCLUSIONS]
“Non-adherence to prescriptions is prevalent in short-term antibiotic treatments prescribed for acute
infections. This finding reminds healthcare providers to provide proper education to the recipients of
antibiotic treatments, even those treated for a very short duration for acute infections in outpatient
settings.”
Reference: Chen YC, Leu HS, Wu SF, Wu YM, Wang TJ. (2015). Factors influencing adherence to antibiotic
therapy in patients with acute infections. Hu Li Za Zhi. 62(1):58-67.

“Simple, low-cost interventions can improve appropriate antibiotic use for ARI and change the prescribing
habits of providers in an outpatient setting. Provider and patient education is a vital component of
antibiotic stewardship. Simple interventions for common outpatient conditions can have a positive
impact on patient outcomes and reduce unnecessary healthcare costs.”
Reference: Hingorani R, Mahmood M, Alweis R. (2015). Improving antibiotic adherence in treatment of
acute upper respiratory infections: a quality improvement process. J Community Hosp Intern Med
Perspect. 5(3):27472.

“An educational intervention during antibiotic dispensation improves treatment adherence versus
routine care.”
Reference: Muñoz EB, Dorado MF, Guerrero JE, Martínez FM. (2014). The effect of an educational
intervention to improve patient antibiotic adherence during dispensing in a community pharmacy. Aten
Primaria. 46(7):367-75.

“Widespread antimicrobial use and concomitant resistance have led to a significant threat to public
health. Because inappropriate use and overuse of antibiotics based on insufficient knowledge are one of
the major drivers of antibiotic resistance, education about prudent antibiotic use aimed at both the
prescribers and the public is important… Up to now, most educational efforts have been targeted to
medical professionals, and many studies showed that these educational efforts are significantly effective
in reducing antibiotic prescribing.”
Reference: Lee CR, Lee JH, Kang LW, Jeong BC, Lee SH. Educational effectiveness, target, and content for
prudent antibiotic use. Biomed Res Int. 2015:214021.

“This study has shown that verbal education, provided within a community pharmacy, regarding
antibiotics improved patients' knowledge about antibiotics and provides evidence for the critical role of
pharmacy staff in patient education.”
Reference: Northey A, McGuren T, Stupans I. (2015). Patients' antibiotic knowledge: a trial assessing the
impact of verbal education. Int J Pharm Pract. 23(2):158-60.