ENZYMOLOGY

ENZYMES MAJOR SOURCES DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE METHODS REFERENCE VALUE

ALP Placenta & intestinal, liver, bone Hepatic biliary obstruction, Pagets’ Bowers & Mc Comb 30 – 90 u/L
disease, rickets, osteomalacia, Bessy, Lowry, Brock
fractures Electrophoresis
Heat Fractionation
Chemical inhibition

ACP Prostate , RBC, platelets , Liver, bone Prostatic Adenocarcinoma, Urinary Gutman & Gutman Male :
Tract Obstruction, Prostatic Shinowara 2.5 - 11. 7 U/ L (T ACP)
Inflammation Babson, Read & Philips 0 - 3.5 ng/mL ( P ACP)
Roy & Hillman

AST Cardiac Tissue, Liver, Skeletal Myocardial infarction, hepatocellular Karmen method 5 - 37 U/L
Muscle disorder, skeletal muscle
involvement

ALT Liver, Kidney, Pancreas, RBC, Heart, Hepatic disorder, hepatitis, screen Coupled enzymatic reaction 6 - 37 u/L
Skeletal Muscle, Lungs blood donors, occupational toxic
exposure

AMS Acinar Cells ( pancreas), Salivary Acute pancreatitis , parotitis Amyloclastic, saccharogenic, 60 - 180 su/dL ( somogyi units),
Glands, Adipose Tissue, Fallopian chromogenic, continuous monitoring 95 - 290 u/L
tube, small intestine

LPS Pancreas, stomach, small intestine Acute pancreatitis, peptic ulcers, Cheny crandal, Tietz & Flereck, 0 - 1 u/mL
acute cholecystitis Reroxidase copling
LD Heart, RBC, kidney, lungs, pancreas, Pernicious anemia, hemolytic Wacker method, Wrableuski Cabaud, 100 - 225 u/L (Fr)
spleen, skeletal muscle, liver, disorder, hepatic carcinoma, viral Berger Broida 80 - 280 u/L (Rr)
intestines hepatitis, cirrhosis

CK Brain tissue, smooth skeletal muscle Acute myocardial infarction, Tanzer- Gilbarg Assay, Oliver - Male: 15 - 160 u/L
& cardiac duchenne disorder, muscular Rosalki Female: 15 - 130 u/L
dystrophy CK-MB: <6% of total CK
ALDOLASE Skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, brain Skeletal muscle disorder, skeletal Akdose Test 1.0 - 25 u/L
tissue muscle disease, leukemia, hepatic
cancer, anemia
5’NUCLEOTIDASE Liver Hepatobiliary disease, infiltrative Didon & Purdon, Campbell, Belfield 0 - 1.6 units
lesion of liver & Goldberg
GGT Kidney, prostate , pancreas, Warfarin, phenobarbital & Szass, Rosalki & Tarrow, Orlowski Female: 5 - 30 u/L
canaliculi of hepatic epithelial cell phenytoin therapies, hepatic Male: 6 - 45 u/L
disorder, normal in bone disease &
pregnancy
PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE Liver, myocardlym & pancreas Acute nephritis, cirrhosis, carcinoma Ellman Technique, Potentiometric 0.5 - 1.3 pH units
metastatic, malnutrition
ACE Lungs, testes, macrophage, epithelial Sarcoidosis, multiple sclerosis, Angiotensin - Convering, Enzyme 8 - 53 u/L
cells Addison’s disease, acute & chronic Test
bronchitis, HIV infection
CERULOPLASMIN Liver Wilson’s disease Copper oxidase Activity 18 - 45 mg/dL

G6PD Adrenal cortex, spleen, RBC, Lymph Hemolytic anemia, myocardial G6PD red blood cell hemolysate 10 - 15 U/g hgB or 1200 - 2000
nodes infarction, megaloblastic anemia mU/mL RBC