[2] BLOOD CIRCULATION AND TRANSPORT

2.1 Transport System in Human

Structure of Human Heart

Lungs

Structure Blood Circulatory System

Body cells

Type of Blood circulatory system:

i) Pulmonary circulation ( heart   lungs)
ii) Systemic circulation ( heart  body cells)

1
Blood vessels

Artery Vein Capillaries

Diagram

Size of lumen Small Big very small

(diameter)
Thickness of wall Thick Thin Very thin
Presence of valve No Yes No
Carry blood From heart To heart Connected artery
and vein
Oxygenated blood deoxygenated Both Oxygenated
Oxygen (except pulmonary blood (except and deoxygenated
concentration artery) pulmonary vein) blood

2.2 Human Blood

a) solid (45%)(blood cell)
 Red blood cell
 White blood cell
 Platelet
Blood consist of
b) Liquid (55%)(Plasma)
 Water (90%)
 Dissolve substance (10%)
o Nutrient ( amino acid, glucose)
o Mineral salt
o Vitamins
o Waste (carbon dioxide, urea)
o Hormones, antibodies

Red blood cell White blood cell Platelet

Shape Biconcave disc Irregular shape Irregular shape
shape
Presence of No nucleus Have nucleus No nucleus
nucleus
Produce in Bone marrow Bone marrow, Bone marrow
lymph nodes.
Function Carries oxygen to Protect body from Help in blood
all parts of body infection/kill bacteria clotting
 Produc
e antibody
 Digest

2
 bacteria
Life span 120 days 60 days 9 days
Blood group : (compatible)

Blood Group Can receive from Can donate to

A A, O A, AB
B B, O B, AB
AB A, B, AB, O AB
(universal recipient)
O O A, B, AB, O
(universal donor)

Incompatible blood group during blood transfusion can cause blood to coagulation /
agglutination and block the capillaries (cause death)

2.3 Transport System in Plant

i) Transport of water
ii) Transport of food (glucose)

Transpiration
- a process which plant lost water in form of water vapour through stoma.

Function :
i) guard cell – control the size of stoma
(ii) stoma – allow gaseous exchange

Changes in guard cell and stoma during :

i) hot day – stoma close (guard cell flaccid) to prevent plant from
becomes wilt.
ii) cold day – stoma open (guard cell turgid) to allow gaseous exchange

Function of Transpiration :
i) Cooling down the plant
ii) Get rid excess water
iii) Produce pulling force to pull water and mineral salt from root to leaf

Factors affecting the rate of transpiration (faster / slower) :

i) Humidity (low / high)
ii) Temperature of surroundings (high / low)

3
 iii) Wind / moving air (fast / slow)
iv) Light intensity (high / low)
v) Surface of leaf (big / small)
Diagram to show the cross section of vascular tissue in root, stem and leaf.
xylem, phloem and cambium (vascular bundle)

xylem
cambium

Leaf
Root
Stem

phloem
Vascular tissues of the plant and their function:
i) Xylem (transport water and mineral salt from root to leaf)
ii) Phloem (transport glucose from leaf to all parts of plant)
Experiment : Experiment :
Xylem transport water & mine ral salt. Phloem transport food (glucose).

Observation :
Observation: Upper part of ring becomes swollen
Xylem stained red. (accumulated food), lower part shrivel. 4
5