ASSESSMENT FORMAT FOR ARTICLE

Name : Dewa Ayu Meita Anggarani Date : June 27, 2013

IDN : 1213031036 Signature:

No. Aspects/Indicators Weight Score (S) WxS

(W) %
1. Articles’ structure 30
 Title 1 2 3 4
 Identity 1 2 3 4
 Abstract 1 2 3 4
 Introduction 1 2 3 4
 Materials and methods 1 2 3 4
 Results 1 2 3 4
 Discussion 1 2 3 4
 Conclusion 1 2 3 4
 References 1 2 3 4
2. Language 30
 Dictions 1 2 3 4
 Sentences 1 2 3 4
 Paragraph 1 2 3 4
 Communicative 1 2 3 4
3. Contents 40
 Concepts 1 2 3 4
 Chemical formula 1 2 3 4
 Chemical reactions 1 2 3 4
 Reaction equations 1 2 3 4
 Name of substances or 1 2 3 4
equipments
 Description or explanation 1 2 3 4
 Writing number/unit 1 2 3 4
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 The Effect of Surface Area toward Rate of Reaction
By
Dewa Ayu Meita Anggarani
Chemistry Education Department, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences
Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha
E-mail: meytaanggarani@yahoo.com

Abstract

Reaction rate is the change of concentration of reactant or product per unit

of time. It is affecting by several factors, one of them is surface area. The larger
surface area tends to react faster because particle can make collision each other and
can move freely to collide.

The objective of this experiment is to examine the effect of surface area

toward rate of reaction. Two test tubes were place in test tube rack then 5 mL of
sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was poured into each test tube. After that solid zinc was added
into first test tube and powder zinc was added into second test tube. It was turn out
that the first test tube reacted very quickly compared to the second test tube. First
test tube which is contain H2SO4 and zinc solid took 2 minutes 30 second to
completely reacted while second test tube which is contain H2SO4 and zinc powder
took about 1 minutes to completely reacted. It means that zinc powder has larger
surface area than zinc solid.

Keyword: reaction rate, collision, surface area, solid zinc, powder zinc

Introduction

Reaction rate can define as the changes of concentration of a reactant or a

product per unit of time (M/s) (Chang, 2010: 558). Based on Brady (2010:637)
rate of reaction given chemical change is the speed with which the reactants
disappear and the products form. Two definition before is different with the
definition from Susilowati. Susilowati (2009:137) defined that the rate of
reaction is the number of concentration decrease of one of reactants or the
number of concentration increase of one of products per unit of time. So, it can
conclude that the rate of reaction or reaction rate is the changes number of
concentration of reactant or product per unit of time (M/s). From the definition
before, rate of reaction can be decreasing of reactant and increasing of product or
vice versa. When a reaction is fast, more products are formed in a given period
of time than in a slow reaction. It can be shown by the following graph:

The graph above shown that the decrease number of A molecules and the
increase number of B molecules with time. That is the meaning of the reaction
rate in terms of the change in concentration with time. Thus, for the reaction A
 B can express the rate as the equation below:

The rate of reaction is relating with collision theory. According to collision

theory the rate of a reaction depends on the frequency of collisions between
reacting particles. The more frequent of collisions, the faster of reaction rate
occurs. However, in order for the collisions to be effective, the particles must
collide with sufficient energy (activation energy). Furthermore, the particles
must collide with the proper orientation. Not all of collisions between reactant
molecules produce products from the reaction. Only effective collision will
produce products from the reaction. Affectivity of a collision depends on the
molecule’s position and its kinetics energy. Collision theory and activation
energy use useful to explain factors that influence rates of reaction. The rate of
chemical reaction can be accelerated by increasing the molecule’s kinetic energy
or decreasing the activation energy (Justiana, 2010).
Qualitatively, there are several factors that influence reaction rate,
namely: concentration, temperature, catalyst and surface area. In this theory just
focuse on one factor that is the effect of surface area. It is because the objective
of this experiment is to examine the effect of surface area toward rate of
reaction. Theoritically, smaller particles tend to react faster than the bigger
particles. It is caused of the smaller particle has larger surface area than bigger
particle. Furthemore, when the surface area is large the particle can make
collision each other and it can move freely to collide. Therefore, the kinetics
energy can increase and the reaction is occurred fast. So, in other word the
larger of surface area will increase the number of possible collision between
reactant particles, and then it will increase the rate of reaction (Brady, 2012).

Material and Method

Examining the effect of surface area toward rate of reaction was conducted
by using materials like 10 mL solution of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) 1 M, 3 pieces of
solid zinc, and powder zinc. In this experiment also use some equipment like 1
electrical balance, 1 watch glass, 1 spatula, 2 test tube, 1 graduated cylinder 5
mL, 1 drop pipette, 1 beaker 50 mL, 1 ruler, and also 1 stopwatch.

This experiment was done by doing some steps. The first step was prepared
all of materials and equipment’s. When all of materials and equipment were
already prepared, 5 mL solution of H2SO4 1 M was added into each test tube.
After that, three piece of solid zinc metal was taken. Forth step, it was obtained
approximately 1.5 x 0.5 cm and then three pieces of solid zinc was weighed by
using electrical balance. After obtaining, three pieces of solid zinc metal was
place in first test tube. The next step was weighing the sample of powder zinc
by using electrical balance. The mass of powdered zinc must be closed with the
mass of piece of solid (approximately 0.176 gram) and then it was place in
second test tube. The last step was observed both of test tubes and then the
result was record on data collection.
Results

The result of the experiment when solid zinc and powder zinc was poured
into different test tube which is contain 5 mL solution of 1 M of sulphuric acid
(H2SO4) it shown significance differentiate. Before that, it is better to know the
reaction of zinc (Zn) with H2SO4 can be shown by the following reaction:

Zn(s) + H2SO4(l)  ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)

When first test tube was added by zinc solid it was produce a little of bubble
and then the reaction occurs slowly. It was spend 02:30 minutes to completely
react. That phenomenon was different with second test tube. When the second
test tube was added by zinc powder, it was produce a lot of bubbles and then the
reaction occur very fast. It was spend about 01:00 minutes to completely react.
On the reaction above, when zinc reacts with H2SO4 it was produce zinc
sulphate (ZnSO4) solution and hydrogen gas (H2). In this experiment, H2 can be
shown by producing of bubbles during the reaction.

Discussion
The rate of reaction related with collision theory. According to collision
theory the rate of a reaction depends on the frequency of collisions between
reacting particles. The more frequent of collisions, the faster of reaction rate
occurs. However, in order for the collisions to be effective, the particles must
collide with sufficient energy (activation energy). Affectivity of a collision
depends on the molecule’s position and its kinetics energy. Collision theory
and activation energy use useful to explain factors that influence rates of
reaction. The rate of chemical reaction can be accelerated by increasing the
molecule’s kinetic energy or decreasing the activation energy (Justiana, S,
2010).
Theoretically, the larger surface area will increase the number of possible
collision between reactant particles, and then it will increase the rate of reaction
(Brady, 2012). Based on experiment above, when zinc powder reacts with the
solution of H2SO4 1 M, it was going faster than the reaction of solid zinc and the
solution of H2SO4 1 M. It can see from the bubbles produce. The reaction
between powder zinc and the solution of H2SO4 1 M produce more bubbles than
the reaction between solid zinc and the solution of H2SO4 1 M. It is caused zinc
powder has smaller size than zinc solid. Automatically zinc solid has greater
surface area larger then will increase the number of possible collision between
reactant particles. Therefore, the larger surface area will increase the rate of
reaction.

Conclusion
From the experiment above it can be conclude that the larger surface area
will increase the number of possible collision between reactant particles, and
then it will increase the rate of reaction.

References
Brady, J. E. (2012). Chemistry The Molecular Nature of Matter (Vol. 13).
USA: Wiley.

Chang, R. (2010). Chemistry . New York : McGraw-Hill.

Justiana, S., & Muchtariadi.(2010). Chemistry for Senior High Scholl Year
XI. Jakarta Timur: Yudhistira

Susilowati, E. (2009). Theory and Application of Chemistry. Solo: Bilingual.