Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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HAZMAT EMERGENCIES
Course Logistics
• Restrooms
• Emergency Exits
• Cell Phones
• Food
• Sign In
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HAZMAT EMERGENCIES
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Agenda
• Hazmat/Pipeline Emergency Planning
• EPCRA
• Local Emergency Planning Committee
• Pipeline Emergency Awareness
• Hazmat/Pipeline Emergency Response
• Incident Command System
• The Eight Step Process
• Next Steps
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Introductions
• Name
• Organization
• Role during an incident involving hazardous
materials?
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CERCLA Established
1980 - Comprehensive Environmental Response
Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)
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Catastrophic Events
December 3, 1984 - Bhopal India
– 40 tons of Methyl Isocyanate Leak from Union
Carbide pesticide facility
– Over 3,800 die
– Over 11,000 disabled
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Catastrophic Events
August 11, 1985 - Institute West Virginia
• Similar leak of Adicarb Oxime
• No deaths, several hundred injured
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EPCRA Established
1986 – CERCLA Amended
• Superfund Amendment & Reauthorization Act
(SARA Title III)
• Reauthorized fee on chemical manufacturers
• Increased state involvement
• Increased enforcement authority
Establishes Emergency Planning
& Community Right to Know Act
(EPCRA)
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EPCRA Goals
EPCRA has two main goals
• Require and support emergency planning for
chemical releases
• Provide local government and citizens with
information about hazardous substances in
their communities
Goals achieved through four major provisions
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EPCRA Provisions
Emergency Planning
(Sections 301-303)
Emergency release notification
(Section 304)
Chemical storage reporting requirements
(Sections 311-312)
Toxic chemical release inventory
(Section 313)
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SERC
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• Chemical name
• Whether it was an Extremely Hazardous
Substance
• Approximate quantity released
• Time and duration of release
• Medium it was released into (soil, water, air)
• Acute/Chronic health risks
• Precautions to be taken (evacuation/shelter-in-
place)
• Name and telephone number of a contact person
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CAMEO Tools
Computer-Aided Management of Emergency Operations
• CAMEO
• CAMEOfm
• CAMEO Chemicals
• MARPLOT
• ALOHA
• Facility Hazard Analysis Planning
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First Responder
Training
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Course Objectives
At the completion of this training, individuals will possess the following knowledge,
skills, and abilities:
1. Awareness of the different types of pipelines and their purposes
2. Ability to recognize a pipeline right-of-way
3. Knowledge of the information contained on pipeline markers
4. Awareness of information available through various mapping systems
5. Ability to recognize a pipeline leak
6. Awareness of the potential hazards associated with a pipeline leak
7. Understanding of the actions to take in response to a pipeline leak, including
the essential communications that may be necessary
8. Knowledge of the actions operators take to protect and maintain the integrity
of pipelines
9. Awareness of the additional resources that are available
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HAZMAT EMERGENCIES
Introduction
● Pipelines are the safest and most reliable
way to transport energy products
● Pipeline operators regularly monitor the
integrity of their pipelines to ensure safe
operations
● Even with these efforts, an unintended
release is possible and responding agencies
must be prepared to act
● This guide provides a general set of
interoperable emergency response
procedures and gives responders the basic
information needed to safely handle a
pipeline incident
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HAZMAT EMERGENCIES
Pipeline Basics
● There are over 2.1 million miles of pipelines in the United
States
● Pipelines are facilities through which hazardous liquids or
gas move in transportation, and include:
● Pipelines
● Valves
● Compressor stations
● Pumping units
● Meter stations
● Storage tanks
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HAZMAT EMERGENCIES
Pipeline Basics
Pipelines in Your Community
● Gathering Pipelines
● Transport crude and natural gas from the well-
head to processing facilities
● Transmission Pipelines
● Transport natural gas and refined products from
refineries to marketing or distribution centers
through larger diameter higher pressure pipelines
● Distribution Pipelines
● Transport natural gas from transmission pipelines
to customers through lower pressure smaller
diameter pipelines
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Pipeline Basics
Pipeline Right-of-Way (ROW)
● All pipelines are constructed along a
clear corridor of land called the right-of-
way (ROW)
● The ROW may contain one or more
pipelines, may vary in width, and will
cross through public and private
property
● Enables pipeline personnel to gain
access for inspection, maintenance,
testing or emergencies
● The ROW should be free of permanent
structures (encroachments) and large
trees
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Pipeline Basics
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Pipeline Basics
ROW
Vent Pipes
Aerial Marker
Approximate Locations
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Pipeline Basics
Pipeline Control Center
When you call the 24-hour emergency phone number on a marker sign,
you will speak with someone at the pipeline operator’s control center.
● The control center is the heart of
pipeline operations.
● 24 hours per day / 7 days a week
free of charge
● The quickest way to get operator help
● Pipeline Specific Information
● Product
● Pressure
● Resources
● Additional Hazards
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Pipeline Basics
National Pipeline Mapping System
● NPMS contains information for all
transmission pipelines
● Hazardous Liquids Pipelines
● Breakout tanks
● Natural Gas Pipelines
● LNG Plants
● Does NOT include gathering or local
https://www.npms.phmsa.dot.gov/
distribution pipelines
● Data is displayed by county
● Agencies can obtain this information in
digital format
● Includes non-emergency contact
information
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Pipeline Basics
High Consequence Areas
● Pipeline safety regulations use the term
“High Consequence Areas” (HCAs), to
identify specific locations and areas where
a release could have the most significant
consequences
● Once identified, operators are required to
perform additional inspections and
analysis to ensure the integrity of pipelines
● “Identified Sites” are locations normally
occupied by 20 or more people on a
regular basis and may create an “HCA” if
close enough to the pipeline
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Pipeline Basics
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Pipeline Basics
Identified Site Emergency Planning Application
(ISEPA)
• Pipelines
• Evacuation
areas
• Identified sites
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Pipeline Basics
Identified Site Emergency Planning Application
(ISEPA)
Click on pipeline for additional information:
● Product
● Pipeline Size
● Evacuation Distance
● Emergency Telephone #
● Company Name
● Contact Person
● Documents
http://isepa.pipelineawareness.org/
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Products Transported
Common Products:
● Natural Gas
● Petroleum Gas
● LPG, HVL, NGL
● Petroleum Liquids
● Crude oil
● Refined products
● Anhydrous Ammonia
● Carbon Dioxide
● Ethanol
● Hydrogen Gas
● Sour Crude Oil
● Sour Gas
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Compression Station
Well Head Processing Plant
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Emergency Preparedness
● Pipeline emergencies are some
of the most dangerous
situations an emergency
responder can encounter.
● Advance knowledge of
pipelines in your community
along with knowing how to
contact and work together with
the pipeline operator are key
factors to an effective and safe
response
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HAZMAT EMERGENCIES
Emergency Preparedness
What you should know before and incident:
● Names of the Companies operating pipelines
in your community
● Emergency and non emergency contact
information for all pipeline operators
● Approximate location of the pipelines
● Products transported in the pipelines
● Physical indications of a leak
● Possible hazards associated with a release
● Potential impact on the community
● Steps that should be taken to protect the public
● Response capabilities of the pipeline operator
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Emergency Preparedness
Emergency Response Capabilities
The Emergency Response Capabilities Database & Reporting
Tool is a free, web-based resource developed to enhance
emergency preparedness and response planning in communities
with pipeline infrastructure.
● Response capabilities for:
● Responding Agencies
● Pipeline Operators
● Personnel training
● Responding units
● Cooperative agreements
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Damage Prevention
Pipeline Integrity
● The pipeline industry uses a wide range of tools and technologies to
maintain safe operations by visually inspecting aboveground pipes
and related equipment for corrosion and damage
● On a regular basis, personnel walk, drive and fly over pipeline right-
of-ways inspecting them for unauthorized activities, leaks, and other
conditions that might endanger the pipeline
● Pipeline operators also use in-line inspection tools known as “smart
pigs” to inspect below grade pipe and equipment by hydrostatic
testing, electro-magnetic testing, and other techniques to identify
defects which could threaten pipeline integrity
● When inspection efforts identify any integrity-threatening conditions,
the operator takes corrective action to maintain safe operations
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Damage Prevention
Pipeline Integrity
● Right of Way Inspections
● 24/7 Monitoring
● Cathodic Protection
● Pipeline Coatings
● ILI tools – Smart Pigs
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HAZMAT EMERGENCIES
Damage Prevention
Pipeline Integrity
● Internal Inspection Devices (Smart Pigs)
are mechanical devices moved through a
pipeline to inspect the pipe for defects
and corrosion
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Damage Prevention
One-Call Centers and Calling 811
● Many types of emergency situations can affect
buried pipelines
● Pipeline companies should be notified so they
can monitor and verify the integrity of nearby
pipelines
● Responders may be able to notify pipeline
operators of the emergency by calling 811 and
informing the One-Call Center of the situation
● Coordination with pipeline operators during will
ensure the safety of the response team and
also the surrounding community
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HAZMAT EMERGENCIES
Damage Prevention
Dig Safe New England
● Who should call before digging?
• EVERYONE
● The Process
• Pre-mark area planned to be used
• Collect information needed for data
collection form
• Call 811 72 hours before digging
• If markings from the utility company
fade, call back Dig Safe at 811
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HAZMAT EMERGENCIES
Damage Prevention
Damage Reporting
● In our nation’s time of heightened
security, Homeland security and
infrastructure protection is a shared
responsibility.
● Report any damages unusual or
suspicious activities along a pipeline
right-of-way to the pipeline operator
● The operator will immediately investigate
and repair any damage
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HAZMAT EMERGENCIES
Summary
● Responding to pipeline emergencies is
as detailed as any hazardous
materials event
● Responders must understand the
hazard and risks of the products
● They must be well acquainted with the
transmission, distribution and service
systems
● They also have to have a strong
knowledge base to operate safely at
these incidents
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HAZMAT EMERGENCIES
Appendices
A. Leak, Hazard and Emergency Response
Information
B. General Product Characteristics
C. Recommended Minimum Evacuation
Distances For Natural Gas Pipeline Leaks
and Ruptures
D. Natural Gas Escaping Inside a Building
E. Additional Resources
F. Emergency Response Capabilities
G. Incident Response Checklist (Inside of
Back Cover)
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Scenarios – www.pipelineawareness.org
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Introduction
• On-scene Response Operations Must Always Be
Based Upon A Structured And Standardized
System Of Protocols And Procedures.
• Incident Command System (ICS)
• Fundamentals Of Strategy And Tactics
• The Eight Step Process©
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ICS Principles
• ICS Has Common Characteristics That Permit Different
Organizations To Work Together Safely And Effectively In
Order To Bring About A Favorable Outcome To The
Emergency
• Division Of Labor
• Lines Of Authority
• Unity Of Command
• Optimum Span Of Control
• Establishment Of Line And Staff Functions Within The
Organization.
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ICS Organization
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ICS Principles
• Common Terminology
• Incident Commander (IC)
• General Staff (I.E., Sections)
• Command Staff Officers
• Modular Organization
• Management By Objectives
• Establishing Overarching Objectives;
• Developing And Issuing Assignments, Plans, Procedures,
And Protocols;
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HAZMAT EMERGENCIES
ICS Principles
• Establishing Specific, Measurable Objectives For Various
Incident Management Functional Activities, And Directing
Efforts To Attain Them In Support Of Defined Strategic
Goals; And
• Documenting Results To Measure Performance And
Facilitate Corrective Action.
• Incident Facilities
• Incident Command Post (ICP)
• Emergency Operations Center (EOC)
• Staging Area
• Integrated Communications
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HAZMAT EMERGENCIES
ICS Principles
• Unified Command Structure
• Determining Overall Incident
Priorities And Strategic Goals
• Selection Of Tactics For Achieving Those Incident Priorities And
Strategic Goals
• Ensuring Joint Planning For Tactical Activities
• Ensuring That Integrated Tactical Operations Are Conducted
• Maximizing Use Of All Assigned Resources
• Resolving Conflicts Between The Players
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HAZMAT EMERGENCIES
ICS Principles
• Consolidated Plan Of Action
• A Consolidated Action Plan Is Used To Ensure
That:
• Everyone Works Together Toward A Common
Emergency Response Goal
• Individual Response Agendas Are Coordinated So
That Personnel And Equipment Are Used Effectively
And In A Spirit Of Cooperation And Mutual Respect.
• Everyone Works Safely At The Scene Of The
Emergency.
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• Environmental Conditions
• Safety Considerations
• Isolation Of The Pipeline or Container
• Incident Potential
• Infrastructure Impacts
• Strategic Goals Are The Broad Game Plan
Developed To Meet The Incident Priorities (Life
Safety, Incident Stabilization, Environmental And
Property Conservation)
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Operational Modes
• Offensive Mode
• Defensive Mode
• Nonintervention Mode
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Step 4: Select Personal Protective
Clothing and Equipment
• Function:
• Based Upon The Results Of The Hazard
And Risk Evaluation Process, Emergency
Response Personnel Will Select The
Proper Level Of Personal Protective
Clothing And Equipment.
• Goal:
• To Ensure That All Emergency Response
Personnel Have The Appropriate Level Of
Personal Protective Clothing And
Equipment For The Expected Tasks.
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Step 4: Select Personal Protective
Clothing And Equipment
• In Evaluating The Use Of Specialized Protective
Clothing, The Following Factors Must Be
Considered:
• The Hazard To Be Encountered, Including The Specific
Tasks To Be Performed
• The Tasks To Be Performed (E.G., Entry, Decon, Support)
• The Level And Type Of Specialized Protective Clothing To
Be Utilized
• The Capabilities Of The Individual(s) Who Will Use The
PPE In A Hostile Environment. Remember - Specialized
Protective Clothing Places A Great Deal Of Both
Physiological And Psychological Stress On An Individual.
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Step 4: Select Personal Protective
Clothing And Equipment
• The Following Levels Of Personal Protective
Clothing Are Typically Utilized By Emergency
Responders At Hazmat Incidents, As Appropriate:
• Structural Firefighting Clothing
• Chemical Vapor Protective
• Clothing Chemical Splash Protective Clothing
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Step 5: Information Management &
Resource Coordination
• FUNCTION:
• Refers To Proper Management, Coordination,
And Dissemination Of All Pertinent Data And
Information Within The ICS In Effect At The
Scene
• GOAL:
• To Provide For The Timely And Effective
Management, Coordination, And Dissemination
Of All Pertinent Data, Information And
Resources Between All Of The Players.
• Confirm That The ICP Is In A Safe Area.
• Confirm That There Is A Representative Of The
Pipeline Operator or Facility Present At The ICP
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Step 5: Information Management &
Resource Coordination
• Confirm That A Unified Command Organization Is
In-place
• Ensure That All Appropriate Internal And External
Notifications Have Been Made.
• Confirm Emergency Orders And Follow Through To
Ensure That They Are Fully Understood And
Correctly Implemented
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Step 5: Information Management &
Resource Coordination
• Make Sure That There Is Continuing Progress
Toward Solving The Emergency In A Timely
Manner
• If Activated, Provide Regular Updates To The Local
Emergency Operations Center (EOC).
• Expand The ICS And Create Additional Branches,
Divisions Or Groups, As Necessary.
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Step 7: Decontamination And Clean-up
Operations
• Function:
• Decontamination (Decon) Is The Process Of
Making Personnel, Equipment, And Supplies
“Safe” By Reducing Or Eliminating Harmful
Substances That Are Present When Entering And
Working In Contaminated Areas
• All Personnel Trained To The First Responder
Operations Level Should Be Capable Of
Delivering An Emergency Decon Capability.
• Goal:
• To Ensure The Safety Of Both Emergency
Responders And The Public By Reducing The
Level Of Contamination On-scene And Minimizing
The Potential For Secondary Contamination
Beyond The Incident Scene.
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Step 7: Decontamination And Clean-up
Operations
• Ensure That The Decon Operations Are
Coordinated With Tactical Operations
• The Decontamination Area Is Properly Located Within The
Warm Zone, Preferably Up-slope And Upwind Of The
Incident Location.
• The Decontamination Area Is Well-marked And Identified.
• The Proper Decontamination Method And The Type Of
Personal Protective Clothing To Be Used By The Decon
Team Have Been Determined And Communicated, As
Appropriate.
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Step 7: Decontamination And Clean-up
Operations
• All Decon Operations Are Integrated Within the ICS
Organization.
• Ensure Proper Decon Of All Personnel Before They
Leave The Scene
• Establish A Plan To Clean-up Or Dispose Of
Contaminated Supplies And Equipment Before
Cleaning Up The Site Of A Release
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Summary
• Emergency Response Operations At Incidents Involving
Hazardous Materials Must Always Be Based Upon A
Structured And Standardized System Of Protocols And
Procedures
• The Incident Command System (ICS) Is An Essential Tool For
Organizing And Coordinating Emergency Responders At Any
Hazmat Incident
• The Incident Action Plan (IAP) Is Developed Based Upon
Emergency Responders Assessment Of:
• Incident Potential (I.E., Visualizing Hazardous Materials
Behavior And Estimating The Outcome Of That Behavior),
• The Initial Operational Strategy
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Summary
• IAP Input Factors Include:
• Type Of Pipeline or Container
• Product(s) Involved
• Nature Of The Incident
• Exposures
• Environmental Conditions
• Safety Considerations
• Isolation Of The Pipeline or Container
• Incident Potential
• Infrastructure Impacts
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Summary
• Strategic Goals And Tactical Objectives At A
Pipeline Incident Can Be Implemented From Three
Distinct Operational Modes:
• Offensive Operations
• Defensive Operations
• Nonintervention Operations
• The Eight Step Process© Is A Tool Used For The
Tactical Management Of Hazardous Materials
Emergencies.
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Summary
• The Eight Functions Are:
• Site Management And Control
• Identify The Problem
• Hazard And Risk Evaluation
• Select Personal Protective Clothing And Equipment
• Information Management And Resource Coordination
• Implement Response Objectives
• Decontamination And Clean-up Operations
• Terminate The Incident
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Next Steps
• EPCRA Compliant Emergency Response Plan
Development
• Annex to Local Emergency Operations Plan (LEOP)
• Standard Operating Guidelines
• Land Use Planning Guidelines
• Technical Assistance Visits
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Questions?
Justin Kates - Director of Emergency
Management - katesj@nashuanh.gov - 603-722-
0288
Brianna Barbaro - Emergency Management
Coordinator - barbarob@nashuanh.gov - 603-
589-3260
Nashua Regional Planning Commission (NRPC)
www.nashuarpc.org
603-424-2240
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