Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Contents
History and definition
Examples for affects and corresponding musical figures
References
Further reading
René Descartes held that there were six basic affects, which can be combined together into numerous intermediate
forms (Descartes 1649, p. 94):
1. Admiration (admiration)
2. Amour (love)
3. Haine (hatred)
4. Désir (desire)
5. Joie (joy)
6. Tristesse (sorrow)
Another authority also mentions sadness, anger, and jealousy (Buelow 2001).
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Lorenzo Giacomini (1552–1598) in his Orationi e discorsi defined an affection as "a spiritual movement or operation
of the mind in which it is attracted or repelled by an object it has come to know as a result of an imbalance in the
animal spirits and vapours that flow continually throughout the body" (Giacomini Tebalducci Malespini 1597).
The doctrine fell out of use in the Classical era, when composers and theorists began to find it excessively mechanical
and unnatural.
"Affections are not the same as emotions; however, they are a spiritual movement of the mind" (Palisca 1991, p. 3).
A prominent Baroque proponent of the Doctrine of the Affections was Johann Mattheson (Poultney 1996, p. 107).
In the following table, the left column cites instructions from (Mattheson 1739) how to express affects. The right
column cites baroque compositions expressing the same affects with, where available, moving musical scores.
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References
Boetticher, Jörg-Andreas Bötticher (2010), Einführung in die Kantaten vom 14. März 2010 Einführung in die
Kantaten vom 14. März 2010 (http://www.bachkantaten.ch/Daten10/03/Einfuehrung.htm) Check |url= value (help),
Basel: Bachkantaten in der Predigerkirche: Dokumentation zur Aufführung sämtlicher geistlicher Kantaten Johann
Sebastian Bachs in der Basler Predigerkirche, 2004–2012, retrieved 3 June 2014.
Buelow, George J. (2001), "Affects, Theory of the", in Stanley Sadie; John Tyrrell, The New Grove Dictionary of
Music and Musicians, (editors) (second ed.). London: Macmillan Publishers.
Descartes, René (1649), Les passions de l'âme, Paris: Henry Le Gras.
Giacomini Tebalducci Malespini, Lorenzo (1597), Orationi e discorsi, Florence: Ne le case de Sermartelli.
Harnoncourt, Nikolaus (1983), Musik als Klangrede: Wege zu einem neuen Musikverständnis (in German),
Salzburg: Residenz Verlag, ISBN 978-3-7017-0315-9
Harnoncourt, Nikolaus (1988), Reinhard G. Pauly, ed., Baroque Music Today: Music As Speech, translated by Mary
O'Neill, Portland, OR: Amadeus Press, ISBN 978-0-931340-91-8
Mattheson, Johann. 1739. Der Vollkommene Capellmeister, Das ist Gründliche Anzeige aller derjenigen Sachen,
die einer wissen, können, und vollkommen inne haben muß, der einer Capelle mit Ehren und Nutzen vorstehen
will (http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/resolve/display/bsb10212373.html). Hamburg: Christian Herold.
Facsimile reprint, edited by Margarete Reimann. Documenta musicologica 1. Reihe, Druckschriften-Faksimiles 5.
Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1954. ISBN 9783761801000. Study edition with the text and notes newly typeset, edited by
Friederike Ramm. Kassel, Basel, London, New York, and Prague: Bärenreiter, 1999. Third edition, 2012. ISBN
9783761814130.
Mattheson, Johann (1981), Ernest Charles Harriss, ed., Johann Mattheson's Der vollkommene Capellmeister: A
Revised Translation with Critical Commentary, Studies in Musicology, no. 21, Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press,
ISBN 0-8357-1134-X.
Palisca, Claude V. (1991), Baroque Music (3rd Edition), Prentice Hall History of Music Series, Englewood Cliffs, N.
J.: Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-058496-7.
Poultney, David (1996), Studying Music History: Learning, Reasoning, and Writing about Music History and
Literature (2nd ed.), Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-190224-5.
Further reading
Bayreuther, Rainer. 2005. "Theorie der musikalischen Affektivität in der Frühen Neuzeit". In Musiktheoretisches
Denken und kultureller Kontext, edited by Dörte Schmidt, 69–92. Forum Musikwissenschaft 1. Schliengen: Edition
Argus. ISBN 978-3-931264-51-2.
Bartel, Dietrich. 2003. Ethical Gestures: Rhetoric in German Baroque Music. The Musical Times 144, no. 1885
(Winter): 15–19.
Clark, Andrew. 2013. Making Music Speak. In Speaking of Music: Addressing the Sonorous, edited by Keith M.
Chapin and Andrew Clark, 70–85. New York: Fordham University Press. ISBN 978-0-8232-5138-4; ISBN
978-0-8232-5139-1.
Eusterschulte, Anne (1999), " 'Effetti maravigliosi': Ethos und Affektenlehre in Musiktraktaten des 16. Jahrhunderts",
Musiktheorie (in German), 14 (3): 195–212.
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Fubini, Enrico. 2003. "La musica e il linguaggio degli affetti". In 'Et facciam dolçi canti': Studi in onore di Agostino
Ziino in occasione del suo 65° compleanno, 2 vols., edited by Bianca Maria Antolini, Maria Teresa Gialdroni, and
Annunziato Pugliese, 2:1467–76. Lucca, Italy: Libreria Musicale Italiana (LIM). ISBN 978-88-7096-321-2.
Harriss, Ernest. 1986." Johann Mattheson and the Affekten-, Figuren-, and Rhetoriklehren". In La musique et le rite
sacré et profane, 2 vols., edited by Marc Honegger, Christian Meyer, and Paul Prévost, 517–31. Strasbourg:
Association des publications près les Universités de Strasbourg. ISBN 2868201075.
Kircher, Athanasius (1650), Musurgia universalis sive ars magna consoni et dissoni in X. libros digesta
(http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ECHOdocuView?mode=imagepath&url=/permanent/library/B398U3SN/pageimg)
(in Latin), Rome: Francisci Corbelletti.
Koch, Klaus-Peter. 2010. "Das Malen bei Telemann mit Hilfe von Gattungen der Melodien und ihren besondern
Abzeichen". In Telemann, der musikalische Maler: Telemann-Kompositionen im Notenarchiv der Sing-Akademie
zu Berlin, edited by Carsten Lange and Brit Reipsch, 114–25. Telemann-Konferenzberichte, no. 15. Hildesheim:
Georg Olms. ISBN 978-3-487-14336-1.
Krones, Hartmut. 2002. Johann Gottfried Herder: Die Affektenlehre und die Musik. In Ideen und Ideale: Johann
Gottfried Herder in Ost und West, edited by Peter Andraschke and Helmut Loos, 71–88. Rombach Wissenschaften:
Reihe Litterae 103. Freiburg im Breisgau: Rombach Verlag. ISBN 978-3-79309-343-5.
Lachmirowicz, Ewa. 2010. "Technika wyrażania afektów według Francesca Geminianiego i Giuseppe Tartiniego".
Muzyka 55 No. 4:219: 21–44.
Lippman, Edward A. (ed.). 1986. Musical Aesthetics: A Historical Reader. Volume 1: From Antiquity to the
Eighteenth Century. Aesthetics in Music 4. New York: Pendragon Press, ; ISBN 091872841X 9780918728418
Mackensen, Karsten. 2008. "Sinn und System: zur Auflösung der Topik in der Erfahrung bei Johann Mattheson". In
Musiktheorie im Kontext, edited by Jan Philipp Sprick, Reinhard Bahr, and Michael von Troschke, 357–72. Berlin:
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Manika, Jürgen (1989), "Athanasius Kirchers Exemplifizierungen zur Affektenlehre: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der
Musikpsychologie", Beiträge zur Musikwissenschaft (in German), 31 (1): 81–94.
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Neu, Ulrike. 1995. Harmonik und Affektgestaltung in den Lautenkompositionen von Silvius Leopold Weiss.
Europäische Hochschulschriften. Reihe XXXVI, Musikwissenschaft; Publications universitaires européennes. Série
XXXVI, Musicologie; European university studies. Series XXXVI, Musicology 141. Frankfurt am Main and New York:
P. Lang. ISBN 3631483821 9783631483824.
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Pečmanovi k sedmdesátinám/Rudolf Pečman zu seinem 70. Geburtstag, edited by Peter Macek, 17–22.
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