A Clinical

Guide to
Chinese
Herbs and
Formulae
Foreword by Giovanni Maciocia
GM CAc (Nanjing)
Acupuncturist and Chinese Herbalist; Lecturer,
Chen Song Yu
Norsk Akupuncktur Skole, Oslo, Norway; Lecturer, Director of the Teaching and Research Section of Chinese
Acupuncture Foundation of Ireland, Dublin, Materia Medica,
Republic of Ireland; Honorary Lecturer, Nanjing
Nanjing College of Traditional Medicine,
College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing,
Nanjing, People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

Translated by Jin Hui De

Doctor of Chinese Medicine; Associate Professor,
International Acupuncture Training Centre and Head
of Interpreter Group, Nanjing College of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of
LiFei
China Director of the Teaching and Research Section of Prescription,
Nanjing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing,
Subject Editor: Francesca Diebschlag People's Republic of China
BAc MIROM MRCHM
Lecturer, The London School of Acupuncture and
Traditional Chinese Medicine, London, UK
LIF
Barclayy C-
, ga soogo

CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE
EDINBURGH LONDON MADRID MELBOURNE NEW YORK
AND TOKYO 1993
 A Clinical
Guide to
Chinese
Herbs and
Formulae
Foreword by Giovanni Maciocia
GM CAc (Nanjing)
Acupuncturist and Chinese Herbalist; Lecturer,
Chen Song Yu
Norsk Akupuncktur Skole, Oslo, Norway; Lecturer, Director of the Teaching and Research Section of Chinese
Acupuncture Foundation of Ireland, Dublin, Materia Medica,
Republic of Ireland; Honorary Lecturer, Nanjing
Nanjing College of Traditional Medicine,
College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing,
Nanjing, People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

Translated by Jin Hui De

Doctor of Chinese Medicine; Associate Professor,
International Acupuncture Training Centre and Head
of Interpreter Group, Nanjing College of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of
LiFei
China Director of the Teaching and Research Section of Prescription,
Nanjing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing,
Subject Editor: Francesca Diebschlag People's Republic of China
BAc MIROM MRCHM
Lecturer, The London School of Acupuncture and
Traditional Chinese Medicine, London, UK
LIF
Barclayy C-
, ga soogo

CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE
EDINBURGH LONDON MADRID MELBOURNE NEW YORK
AND TOKYO 1993
 Contents

Foreword vii 21. Herbs that activate Blood circulation

and stop bleeding 85
Subject Editor's Preface ix

Part 3:
Parti:
Application of herbs on the basis of the
A comparison of the actions and indications
differentiation of patterns of the Zang Fu
of some common Chinese herbs
22. The Lungs 91
1. Herbs that Release the Exterior 3
23. The Heart 95
2. Herbs that clear Heat 8
24. The Spleen, Stomach and Large
3. Herbs that purge and promote
Intestines 99
digestion 14
25. The Liver and Gall Bladder 104
4. Herbs that resolve Phlegm and stop
coughing and wheezing 16 26. The Kidneys and Bladder 108

5. Herbs that eliminate Wind-Damp 20

Part 4:
6. Herbs that resolve and drain Dampness 23
Combinations and comparisons of commonly
7. Herbs that warm the Interior and used formulae
regulate Qi 26
27. Formulae for Releasing the Exterior 113
8. Herbs that regulate Blood 31
28. Purgative formulae 119
9. Herbs that calm the Mind and the
29. Formulae for clearing Heat 124
Liver and extinguish Wind 36
30. Formulae for warming the Interior 130
10. Tonics 39
31. Formulae that tonify 135
11. Astringent herbs 47
32. Formulae that regulate Qi 142

Part 2: 33. Formulae that regulate Blood 148

Combinations of common Chinese herbs 34. Formulae that expel Dampness 152
12. Herbs that Release the Exterior and 35. Formulae that eliminate Phlegm 159
stop cough and wheeze 53
36. Formulae that expel Wind 165
13. Herbs that clear Heat 58
37. Formulae that calm the Mind 169
14. Purgative and digestive herbs 63
38. Formulae that reduce Food
15. Herbs that relieve Bi syndromes 65 Stagnation and dissipate masses 172
16. Herbs that resolve and drain Dampness 67 39. Astringent formulae 175
17. Herbs that resolve Phlegm 70

18. Herbs that subdue Wind and calm the Part 5:

Mind 72 The treatment of common disease based on
differentiation of syndromes
19. Tonics and Astringents 75
40. Diseases in internal medicine 181
20. Herbs that warm the Interior and
Regulate Qi 82 41. Gynaecological disorders 233
Contents

Appendix 1:
Pin Yin names of herbs with Latin
equivalents 252

Appendix 2:
Latin names of herbs with Pin Yin
equivalents 255

Appendix 3:
Pin Yin names of formulae with English
equivalents 258
Appendix 4:
English names of formulae with Pin Yin
equivalents 264

Appendix 5:
Formulae and constituent herbs 270

Index 289
 Foreword
The essence of Chinese herbal medicine is in the
art of adapting a formula to a particular
patient's disharmony. An adapted formula is
like a mirror reflection of a particular imbalance
of Qi. The harmonization of herbs within a
formula is comparable to the balancing of
acupuncture points within a treatment.
However, balancing the herbs within a Song Yu and
prescription is all the more intricate as careful
account should be taken of the tastes of the
herbs.
After diagnosing the patient's disharmony
and deciding on a strategy of treatment with an
appropriate formula, adapting it must take into
account many different factors: the constitution
of the patient, the state of his or her digestive
system, his or her mental-emotional state, the
combination of tastes and energies within the
formula, and the harmonization of herbs with
different movements (floating or sinking,
ascending or descending). Taking all these
factors into account, to adapt the chosen
formula to the unique patient's disharmony is a
very delicate and intricate task.
Such a task can be carried out if one masters
not only the action of herbs and formulae, but
also the differentiation between herbs and
formulae with similar functions. The main
emphasis of this book is exactly to illustrate
how to combine herbs and how to differentiate
between single herbs and formulae in relation
to one's chosen treatment strategy. The book
does this admirably and fills a gap in the
existing literature on Chinese herbal medicine.
The case histories are an invaluable part of the
book illustrating how formulae are adapted in
practice.
The authors of this book, Professors Chen
Professor Li Fei are eminent
teachers from the Nanjing College of
Traditional Chinese Medicine which is one of
the foremost institutions for the teaching of
Chinese medicine. Between them, they have
accumulated over 60 years of clinical practice
and teaching, and they are the authors of many
important textbooks of Chinese herbal
medicine.
The translator of the book, Associate-
Professor Jin Hui De is head of the interpreters'
group of the Nanjing College of Traditional
Chinese Medicine. He was co-translator of the
now famous 'Essentials of Chinese
Acupuncture' as well as many other Chinese
medicine textbooks in English. He is uniquely
qualified to translate medical texts as he is also
a doctor of Chinese medicine.
This book is therefore a welcome addition to
the scanty literature on Chinese herbal
medicine and one that deserves to be in every
practitioner's clinic.
1993 Giovanni Maciocia
 Subject Editor's Preface

This book has five parts:

Part 1 points out similarities and differences

between herbs of a similar nature or action.

Part 2 describes combinations of two or more

herbs that commonly appear as a group within
larger formulae.

Part 3 analyzes individual herbs according to

their actions on the Zang Fu.

Part 4 sets forth guiding principles in formu

lating prescriptions according to the various
treatment methods, and compares formulae
within each such category.

Part 5 deals with specific pathological patterns

or diseases, demonstrating the clinical use of
formulae with case histories.

Throughout the text, words having a specific

meaning within the context of TCM are capital
ized {e.g. Qi, Blood, Wind-Cold), while words
used according to their usual English meaning
appear in lower case (e.g. blood, cold).
Each herb is identified by both its Pin Yin
name and its Latin name the first time it is
mentioned; thereafter, only the Latin name is
used. Each formula is identified by its Pin Yin
name and its English translation the first time it
is mentioned; thereafter, only the English name
is used. Appendices cross-index the Pin Yin and
Latin names of herbs, and the Pin Yin and
English names of formulae, for easy reference.
Formulae given within the text and case
histories are generally variations of classic
formulae, modified as they would be in clinical
practice. For the classic formulae themselves,
please refer to any standard reference work on
Chinese herbal formulae, such as Formulas and
Strategies by Bensky and Barolet.

1993 F.D.
 Part 1:
A comparison of the
actions and indications
of some common
Chinese herbs

Comparing the actions and indications

of Chinese herbs facilitates both
familiarization with the herbs and their
correct selection in clinical work. Herbs
with similar actions and indications can
be substituted for each other.
 Herbs that Release the Exterior

A. Herbs that disperse Wind- wheeze and promotes diuresis. It is thus

indicated for cough and wheeze in Excess
Cold
patterns due to impairment of the dispersing
function of the Lung and for oedema due to
■ HERBA EPHEDRAE and RAMULUS invasion of Wind.
CINNAMOMI Ramulus Cinnamomi is pungent, sweet and
warm in nature. In combination with Herba
• Ma Huang and Gut Zhi
Ephedrae it treats Exterior patterns of the
Excess type; in combination with Radix
Similarities
Paeoniae Alba it treats Exterior patterns of
— Both strongly disperse Wind-Cold due to
the Deficient type (see Fig. 1.1). It warms and
their pungent and warm nature. They are
invigorates Yang and removes obstructions
indicated for severe Exterior Cold
from the channels and collaterals. It is thus
syndromes in Winter. When used in combi
also indicated for oedema and dysuria due
nation these two herbs effectively induce
to blockage of Yang Qi by Phlegm and
diaphoresis.
retained fluids, Chest Bi syndrome, abdom
Differences inal pain due to Interior Cold complicated
— Herba Ephedrae is pungent, bitter and warm with deficiency of the Middle Burner, Cold
in nature. It promotes the dispersing Bi syndrome, irregular menstruation,
function of the Lungs, stops cough, soothes dysmenorrhoea and amenorrhoea.

In combination with In combination with

HERBA EPHEDRA RADIX PAEONIAE ALBA

Both herbs are pungent and Cinnamomi disperses the Defensive

disperse the Defensive level, level, while Paeoniae astringes
thus "Releasing the Exterior" Nutritive Qi, thus "Harmonizing
in Excess patterns of exterior Ying and Wei Qi" in Deficiency
invasion. patterns of exterior invasion.

Fig. 1.1 Actions of Ramulus Cinnamomi.

Part 1: Actions and indications of some common Chinese herbs

Exterior syndromes complicated with

■ FOLIUM PERILLAE, HERBA
Dampness, headache involving the Tai Yang
SCHIZONEPETAE and RADIX
channel and Wind-Damp Bi syndromes
LEDEBOURIELLAE
affecting the upper body.
• Zi Su Ye, Jing Jie and Fang Feng — Radix Angelicae Dahuricae eases the nose,
relieves carbuncles and clears vaginal
Similarities discharge by drying up Dampness. It is an
— All three disperse Wind-Cold. All are mild in important herb for headache involving the
nature and are commonly used in the treat Yang Ming channel and for various disor
ment of Exterior Wind-Cold patterns. They ders on the head and face.
can be used in combination, or may be — Herba Asari is pungent, warm and aromatic
substituted for each other. in nature. It disperses Cold, relieves pain,
resolves fluid retained in the Lungs and
Differences eases the nose. When taken in large doses,
— Folium Perillae is more effective in this herb consumes Qi and Yin, thus
dispersing Cold than Wind. It also circulates producing stuffiness of the chest and respi
Qi, harmonizes the Middle Burner, stops ratory paralysis; it is therefore not advisable
vomiting and prevents miscarriage. It is thus to administer doses of more than 3g,
indicated in Exterior patterns of Wind-Cold especially as a powder.
complicated with stagnation of Qi,
presenting with symptoms of distension and
fullness in the epigastrium and abdomen. ■ HERBA ELSHOLTZIAE and HERBA
— Herba Schizonepetae is more effective in AGASTACHIS
eliminating Wind than Cold. It expresses
• Xiang Ru and Huo Xiang
skin eruptions and stops bleeding. As it is
only mildly warm in nature, it can be used in
Similarities
combination with other herbs in the treat
— Both are pungent, warm and aromatic in
ment of Exterior Wind-Heat syndromes.
nature. Both clear Summer Heat and Release
— Radix Ledebouriellae is an important herb to
the Exterior and are thus indicated for the
eliminate Wind. It Releases the Exterior,
common cold due to Summer Heat or
eliminates Dampness, relieves pain, stops
Dampness during the Summer.
convulsion and relieves itching by elimi
nating Wind. It is thus indicated for
Differences
headache, Bi syndromes, tetanus and
— Herba Elsholtziae is a strong diaphoretic.
rubella, all of which are caused by invasion
There is a saying: 'Xiang Ru in Summer is
of External Wind.
like Ma Huang in Winter'. It also promotes
diuresis and is thus indicated for oedema.
■ RHIZOMA SEU RADIX NOTOPTERYGII, Herba Agastachis fragrantly resolves
RADIX ANGELICAE DAHURICAE and Dampness and thus also harmonizes the
HERBA ASARI Middle Burner to relieve vomiting.

• Qiang Huo, Bai Zhi and Xi Xin

■ FRUCTUS XANTHII AND FLOS

Similarities
MAGNOLIAE
— All disperse Wind-Cold and relieve pain,
and are thus indicated for Exterior • Cang Er Zi and Xin Yi Hua
symptoms such as headache and general
aching, headache due to Wind and Bi Similarities
syndromes due to Wind, Cold and — Both disperse Wind-Cold and ease the nose
Dampness. and are thus important herbs for rhinitis
(Fig. 1.2).
Differences — Fructus Xanthii not only expels Wind-Damp
— Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii is warm and relieves pain in Bi syndromes and
and dry in nature. It effectively disperses headache, but also expels Wind and relieves
Wind-Damp, and is thus indicated for itching in rubella and eczema.
 Herbs that Release the Exterior

with
i Yang
romes

EYES
nose,

aginal Herba Menthae NOSE

: is an Periostracum Fructus
Cicadae Xanthii
ig the
Folium Mori Flos Magnoliae
disor-
Ftas Radix Angelicae
Chrysanthem Dahuncae
>matic
Fructus Vilici Herba Asari
pain,
s and
doses,
TAIYANG
thus THROAT CHANNa
respi- Herba Menthae Rhizoma seu
'isable Fructus Arctii Radix Notopterygii
» 3g, Penostracum Cicadae

Fig. 1.2 Herbs that eliminate Wind from the head and neck.

redness of the eyes, infantile convulsions

B. Herbs that disperse Wind-
and tetanus due to Wind-Heat in the Liver
Heat channel. It is used in large doses for the
treatment of convulsion, but in small doses
otherwise.
■ HERBA MENTHAE, FRUCTUS ARCTII
itic in
and PERIOSTRACUM CICADAE
.elease
• Bo He, Niu Bang Zi and Chan Tui ■ FOLIUM MORI and FLOS
or the
CHRYSANTHEMI
?at or
Similarities • Sang Ye and fu Hua
— All three disperse Wind-Heat, ease the throat
and express skin rashes. They are thus
Similarities
oretic. indicated for Exterior Wind-Heat patterns,
— Both expel Wind-Heat and clear Heat from
mer is sore throat, rubella and measles when the
the head and eyes. They also clear Heat from
imotes rash has not fully erupted. the Liver and improve vision. They are thus
■dema. indicated for Exterior Wind-Heat patterns
■solves Differences with headache and red eyes and for red eyes
es the — Herba Menthae is pungent and cool in and dizziness due to Heat in the Liver.
nature and strongly Releases the Exterior by
promoting diaphoresis. It also clears heat in Differences
the head and eyes and promotes the smooth — Folium Mori clears Heat from the Lung,
circulation of Liver Qi. This herb is usually moistens dryness and stops cough and is
added to a decoction in the last few minutes thus indicated for cough due to Dry Heat.
of cooking. — Flos Chrysanthemi clears Heat from the
— Fructus Arctii clears heat and toxins, relieves Liver, improves vision and expels Fire
swelling, stops cough, moistens the Large Poison. Yellow Flos Chrysanthemi is more
Intestine and relieves constipation. It is thus effective in dispersing Wind-Heat and
e nose
indicated for the Fire Poison of carbuncles expelling Fire Poison and is thus often used
■hinitis
and mumps, for cough due to Lung Heat in the treatment of Exterior patterns. White
and for Exterior Wind-Heat patterns compli Flos Chrysanthemi is more effective in
■Damp
cated with constipation. clearing Liver Heat and improving vision
s and
— Periostracum Cicadae expels Wind and and is thus often used to treat Interior
Sieves
treats convulsions. It is thus indicated for patterns.
 Part 1: Actions and indications of some common Chinese herbs

Differences
■ FRUCTUS VITICISt RADIX ANGELICAE
— Radix Bupleuri and Radix Puerariae are
DAHURICAE and FLOS
often combined to Release the Exterior and
CHRYSANTHEMI
reduce fever. Radix Bupleuri enters the Shao
• Man Jing Zi, Bai Zhi and Ju Hua Yang channel and treats alternating fever
and chills due to Shao Yang disharmony.
Similarities Radix Puerariae enters the Yang Ming
— All are commonly used in the treatment of channel and treats a feverish sensation of the
headache due to invasion of External Wind body, with thirst and stiffness of the neck
(Fig. 1.3). and back.
— Radix Bupleuri and Rhizoma Cimicifugae
Differences both raise Central Qi and are thus often used
— Fructus Viticis acts similarly to Flos in the treatment of prolapse due to sinking of
Chrysanthemi in expelling Wind Heat and Central Qi.
clearing Heat from the head and eyes. — Radix Puerariae and Rhizoma Cimicifugae
However, Fructus Viticis strongly relieves both express skin eruptions and are thus
pain and is only slightly cold in nature. It can used in the early stage of measles or for any
thus be used to treat Wind-Cold headache skin rash which has not fully erupted.
when combined with Radix Angelicae — Radix Bupleuri also promotes the smooth
Dahuricae, Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii circulation of Liver Qi and is thus an impor
and Radix Ledebouriellae. tant herb for Stagnant Liver Qi. Radix
— Radix Angelicae Dahuricae expels Wind- Puerariae promotes Body Fluids and relieves
Cold and is thus indicated for Wind-Cold thirst, and is thus indicated for thirst
headache on the Yang Ming channel. during febrile diseases as well as for
Thirsting and Wasting syndromes. Rhizoma
Cimicifugae clears Heat and Poison, and is
thus indicated for swelling, pain and erosion
■ RADIX BUPLEURI, RADIX PUERARIAE of the gums, mouth ulcers and erysipelas on
AND RHIZOMA CIMICIFUGAE the face.

• Chai Hu, Ge Gen and Sheng Ma

Similarities
Questions
— All Release the Exterior, reduce fever and
raise the Qi of the Middle Burner. They are 1. Compare and contrast the actions of Herba
thus indicated for fever due to External Ephedrae and Ramulus Cinnamomi in
Invasion and for sinking of Central Qi. Releasing the Exterior. What other

FRONTAL

OCdPTTAL Radix Angelicae

Dahuncae
Rhizoma seu Radix /' >
Notopterygii
TEMPORAL
Rhizoma et Radix Folium Mori
Ligustici Sinenss ; \
Flos Chrysanthemi
Radix Puerariae
Rhizoma Ligustici
Chuanxbng

GENERALLY

Radix Ledebouriellae
Fructus Zanthyii
Fructus Viticus

Fig. 1.3 Herbs that treat headache due to Wind.

 Herbs that Release the Exterior

actions do they have? What diseases do they

iriae are treat?
;rior and 2. Differentiate the actions of Radix
the Shao Ledebouriellae, Rhizoma seu Radix
ng fever Notopterygii, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae,
larmony. Folium Mori, Flos Chrysanthemi and
ig Ming Fructus Viticis in the treatment of headache.
on of the 3. Compare and contrast the actions and
the neck indications of Radix Bupleuri, Radix
Puerariae and Rhizoma Cimicifugae.
nicifugae
ften used
inking of

nicifugae
are thus
r for any
id.
: smooth
n impor-
'i. Radix
I relieves
or thirst
as for
Rhizoma
n, and is
d erosion
ipelas on

of Herba
nomi in
t other
2 Herbs that clear Heat

A. Herbs that clear Heat and ■ RHIZOMA PHRAGMITIS, RADIX

quell Fire TRICHOSANTHIS, FOLIUM
PHYLLOSTACHYOS, and HERBA
LOPHATHERI
■ GYPSUM FIBROSUM AND RHIZOMA
ANEMARRHENAE • Lu Gen, Tian Hua Fen, Zhu Ye, and Dan Zhu
Ye
• Shi Gao and ZhiMu

Similarities
Similarities
— All are sweet and cold in nature and clear
— Both clear Full Heat at the Nutritive (Ying)
Lung and Stomach Heat. They treat External
level, and Lung and Stomach Fire. They are
Heat at the Qi level, and Internal Heat
thus indicated for febrile disease at the
patterns of the Lung and Stomach with
Nutritive (Ying) level, for cough and wheeze
symptoms of fever and thirst.
due to Lung Heat and for headache,
toothache and Wasting and Thirsting
syndromes due to Stomach Heat. Differences
— Rhizoma Phragmitis is more effective in
clearing Lung Heat with symptoms of cough
Differences and lung abscess. It also clears Stomach
— Gypsum Fibrosum is extremely cold in Heat, stops vomiting, promotes Body Fluids
nature and has a strong action in clearing and alleviates thirst.
Full Heat. Calcined Gypsum Fibrosum is — Radix Trichosanthis clears Heat and
used externally to astringe skin ulcers and promotes Body Fluids. It is often used where
promote tissue regeneration. It is thus fluids have been consumed by febrile
indicated for boils, ulcers, burns and disease, and for Thirsting and Wasting
eczema. syndromes. It moistens the Lung and
— Rhizoma Anemarrhenae clears both Full and resolves Phlegm and is thus used to treat
Empty Heat. It nourishes Yin, quells Fire, productive cough due to Lung Dryness. It
promotes Body Fluids and moistens also relieves swelling and drains pus in cases
dryness. It is thus indicated for dry cough, of boils and carbuncles caused by Fire
tidal fever, night sweats and nocturnal Poison.
emissions due to Lung and Kidney Yin — Folium Phyllostachyos clears Heat, particu
deficiency. larly Heart Heat. It relieves restlessness
— Raw Gypsum Fibrosum is prescribed in and promotes diuresis. It is thus
large doses for oral administration. It should indicated for pathogenic Heat at the Qi
be broken into pieces and decocted prior to and Nutritive (Ying) levels, urinary disor
the addition of other ingredients of the ders due to Heat and mouth and tongue
prescription. Due to its extremely cold ulcers.
nature, it is contraindicated where there is — Herba Lophatheri is similar to Folium
Spleen Yang deficiency. Rhizoma Phyllostachyos in action, but is less
Anemarrhenae is also cold in nature, and effective in clearing Heart Heat and relieving
moistens the intestines. For this reason it is restlessness. However, it is more effective in
contraindicated where there is Spleen clearing Heat generally and in promoting
deficiency giving rise to loose stools. diuresis.
 Herbs that clear Heat

Spea Prunellae
Rtieoma Belamcandrae
Semen Cassae
Radix Sophorae Rhizoma Coplidis
Subprostratae i— Radix Sophorae
Flavescentis
Cwtex Lyai Radios — Raflu Isatdis t Herba Taraxici
Radix Scrophularee Gypsum Fibrosum
Rhi2oma Phragmihs
r - Folium Radix Tnchosanihis
Radix Tnchosanthis - 1 Phyilostachyos Rhizoma Coplidis
Rhizoma Coptidis
\ Herba Lopnalhen Radix Scutellariae
Cortex PrieHodendn
Bhizcma Coplidis Spica Prunellae
- Flos Loncerae
Fructus
Semen Cassiae
Gardeniae Herba Taraxici
L. Fructus L Indigo Naturalis
Forsyihiae
Radix Gentianae
IX --Codex Fraxmi

[— Fructus Forsythiae

A Herba Tarawa

Herba Violas

Folium IsaWis
r Dan Zhu
Indigo Naturalis

L Herba Poiiuiacae

and clear
it External
Fig. 2.1 Differentiation of Herbs that clear Heat according to area of action.
rnal Heat
nach with
Radix Scutellariae clears Lung Heat, reduces
■ RHIZOMA COPTIDIS, RADIX
Gall Bladder Fire, clears Heat to prevent
SCUTELLARIAE and CORTEX
miscarriage, cools the Blood and stops
PHELLODENDRI
ffective in bleeding. It is thus indicated for cough and
ts of cough • Huang Lian, Huang Qin, and Huang Bat wheeze due to Lung Heat or Fire, Shao Yang
i Stomach syndrome with hypochondriac pain and
ody Fluids Similarities jaundice, threatened abortion due to Heat
— All are bitter and cold in nature and clear and spitting of blood and epistaxis due to
-feat and Heat, quell Fire, dry Dampness and clear Blood Heat.
ised where Poison. They are often combined in cases of Cortex Phellodendri reduces Empty Heat,
by febrile Heat and Fire in all three Burners (Fig. 2.1). clears Damp-Heat from the Lower Burner
i Wasting They all treat Damp-Heat, including Damp- and relieves jaundice. It is thus indicated
^ung and Heat in the intestines presenting with signs for nocturnal emissions and hypersexu-
;d to treat of dysentery, as well as Fire Poison patterns. ality due to Empty Fire in the Lower
Dryness. It Due to their cold and bitter nature, all three Burner, as well as for Damp-Heat giving
ius in cases can damage the Yang and digestive Qi; due rise to symptoms such as festering ulcers,
i by Fire to their bitter and dry nature, they can eczema, paralysis of the lower limbs, painful
consume Yin. They should be used carefully joints, turbid urine, leucorrhoea and
it, particu- in cases of Spleen Yang deficiency or Yin jaundice.
estlessness deficiency.
is thus
at the Qi Differences RADIX SOPHORAE FLAVESCENTIS
lary disor- — Rhizoma Coptidis strongly clears Heart,
Ku Shen
nd tongue Stomach and Liver Heat and Poison. It is
thus indicated for Heart Fire Blazing with Radix Sophorae Flavescentis is similar to
to Folium symptoms of restlessness, mouth and Cortex Phellodendri in its action of clearing
t is less tongue ulcers or coma, for retention of Heat and drying Dampness. It also kills
d relieving Damp-Heat with discomfort in the epigas parasites and relieves itching in the treat
effective in trium, for Liver Fire giving rise to eye disor ment of eczema, scabies, leucorrhoea, gener
promoting ders and for carbuncles and ulcers due to alized pruritus and pruritus vulvae. It
Fire Poison. promotes diuresis and is thus used for
10 Part 1: Actions and indications of some common Chinese herbs

oedema and urinary disturbance due to B. Herbs that clear Heat and
Damp-Heat. It is reported that this herb
Fire Poison
also treats cardiac arrhythmia. Due to its
very bitter and cold nature, it may
damage the digestion if taken in large ■ FLOS LONICERAE AND FRUCTUS
doses or over a long time. It is often used FORSYTHIAE
as an ingredient of patent remedies in the
• Jin Yin Hua and Lian Qiao
form of a pill or powder, or is applied exter
nally.
Similarities
— Both herbs clear Heat and Poison and are
thus indicated for all Fire Poison patterns
■ RADIX GENTIANAE, FRUCTUS including febrile disease, boils, carbuncles
GARDENIAE, SPICA PRUNELLAE and and ulcers.
SEMEN CASSIAE
Differences
• Long Dan Cao, Zhi Zi, Xia Ku Cao and Jue
— Flos Lonicerae also clears Summer Heat and
Ming Zi
treats dysentery with bleeding due to Fire
Poison. Caulis Lonicerae is similar to Flos
Similarities
Lonicerae in clearing Heat and removing
— All four clear Liver Heat and improve vision
obstructions in the channels. Both treat
and are thus indicated for headache and eye
Febrile Bi syndrome.
disorders due to Liver Fire.
— Fructus Forsythiae clears Heart Fire and
disperses masses. It is thus indicated for
Differences
febrile disease at the Nutritive (Ying) level
— Radix Gentianae has a strong action in
and Heat in the Heart, as well as for
reducing Liver Fire and clearing Damp-Heat
carbuncles, boils and ulcers due to Fire
in the Liver Channel. It is thus indicated for
Poison, and tuberculosis of the lymph
high fever, convulsions and headache due to
nodes. It is especially useful for skin
Heat or Fire in the Liver Channel, and for
disease.
Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner giving rise
to symptoms such as swelling in the pubic
region, swelling and pain of the scrotum,
pruritus vulvae and a thick yellow vaginal
■ HERBA TARAXACI AND HERBA
discharge.
VIOLAE
— Fructus Gardeniae clears Heart Heat,
relieves restlessness, clears Damp-Heat and • Pu Gong Ying and Zi Hua Di Ding
Poison, cools Blood and stops bleeding. It is
thus indicated for stuffiness of the chest and Similarities
restlessness due to Heart Heat, jaundice and — Both clear Heat and Poison, and are thus
urinary disturbance due to Damp-Heat, indicated for carbuncles, boils and ulcers
spitting of blood, epistaxis and haematuria due to Fire Poison.
due to Heat in the Blood, and for carbuncles
and ulcers due to Fire Poison. Differences
— Spica Prunellae clears Liver Heat and — Herba Taraxaci is especially effective in
Stagnation and is thus indicated for treating mastitis. It also clears Heat in
headache, dizziness, and redness of the eyes the Liver and Gall Bladder and Damp-Heat.
due to Liver Fire and Liver Yang Rising, as It is thus indicated for hypochondriac pain
well as for tuberculosis of the lymph nodes and jaundice due to Damp-Heat in the Liver
and simple goitre. and Gall Bladder, epigastric pain due to
— Semen Cassiae is more effective in clearing Stomach Heat and urinary disease due to
Liver Heat and improving vision and is Heat.
thus indicated for eye disorders due to — Herba Violae is especially effective in
Liver Heat and Fire. It also moistens the treating carbuncles, boils and ulcers due to
intestines and relieves constipation with dry its strong action in eliminating Fire Poison. It
stool. also cools Blood and stops bleeding.
 Herbs that clear Heat 11

and ■ FOLIUM ISATIDIS, RADIX ISATIDIS ■ HERBA HOUTTUYNIAE, RHIZOMA

AND INDIGO NATURALIS BELAMCANDAE AND RADIX
SOPHORAE SUBPROSTRATAE
• Da Qing Ye, Ban Lan Gen and Qing Dai
'US • Yu Xing Cao, She Gan and Shan Dou Gen
Similarities
— AH these medicines come from the same Similarities
plant and are thus similar in their action. — All three herbs clear Lung Heat and are thus
All three clear Heat and Poison and cool indicated for cough and sore throat.
Blood. They are indicated for febrile
n and are Differences
disease with Fire Poison, as well as for
n patterns
carbuncles, boils and ulcers due to Fire — Herba Houttuyniae is primarily used to treat
:arbuncles cough and lung abscess due to Heat in the
Poison.
— Folium Isatidis is often used in the treat Lung.
ment of febrile disease. It has a strong — Rhizoma Belamcandae and Radix Sophorae
action in cooling Blood and eliminating Subprostratae are primarily used to treat sore
■ Heat and throat. Rhizoma Belamcandae also resolves
Poison and it promotes the healing of skin
ue to Fire Phlegm and regulates Qi, and is thus
eruptions.
ar to Flos indicated for cough with profuse sputum
— Radix Isatidis is also commonly used in the
removing and wheeze. Radix Sophorae Subprostratae
treatment of febrile disease and is especially
3oth treat has a strong action in clearing Heat and
effective for viral infections. It is more effec
tive than Folium Isatidis in eliminating Fire relieving swelling and is thus indicated for
Fire and inflammation of the throat, and for cancer.
Poison, relieving swelling and easing the
icated for
throat.
ilng) level
— Indigo Naturalis cools Blood, stops bleeding
ell as for ■ HERBA PORTULACAE, RADIX
and clears Liver Fire. It is thus indicated
le to Fire PULSATILLAE AND CORTEX FRAXINI
for bleeding due to Blood Heat, headache
ne lymph
due to Liver Fire and convulsions due to
for skin • Ma Chi Xian, Bai Tou Weng and Qin Pi
Liver Heat. It is often applied to Fire
Poison lesions externally in the form of a
Similarities
powder.
— All three herbs clear Heat in the intestines
and are thus indicated for diarrhoea and
dysentery.

■ HERBA ANDROGRAPHITIS AND Differences

RHIZOMA PARIDIS
— Herba Portulacae also treats eczema, carbun
cles, swelling and uterine bleeding.
• Chuan Xin Lian and Zao Xiu — Radix Pulsatillae treats dysentery with
5 are thus
bleeding due to Fire Poison. It is effective
ind ulcers Similarities against both bacillary dysentery and
— Both herbs clear Heat and Poison and amoebic dysentery.
are thus indicated for all Fire Poison — Cortex Fraxini clears Damp-Heat and is thus
patterns. indicated for Damp-Heat leucorrhoea. It also
ffective in
clears Liver Heat and improves vision and is
i Heat in Differences thus indicated for eye disorders due to Liver
amp-Heat. — Herba Andrographitis is widely used in Fire.
idriac pain the treatment of various infections, particu
n the Liver larly of the intestinal tract and respiratory
iin due to system. It is similar to Rhizoma Coptidis in
■ CAULIS SARGENTODOXAE AND
ise due to nature and action. Rhizoma Paridis is
HERBA PATRINIAE
indicated for poisonous snake bites and
^ective in cancer. It clears Heat and stops convul • Hong Teng and Bai Jiang Cao
:ers due to sions, and is thus indicated for infantile
e Poison. It convulsions or any convulsion due to high Similarities

fever. — Both clear Heat and Poison and move Blood

12 Part 1: Actions and indications of some common Chinese herbs

and are thus indicated for appendicitis, as bleeding, relieves skin eruptions, clears
well as abdominal pain in women due to Heat and expels Wind, and is thus indicated
stagnation of Qi and Blood. for bleeding and skin eruptions due to
Blood Heat, as well as for Liver Wind due
Differences to Heat. Cornu Bubali can be substituted,
— Caulis Sargentodoxae is more effective in but must be prescribed in larger doses
moving Blood and is thus indicated for (15-30 g).
contusions and sprains, irregular menstrua — Calculus Bovis is more effective in clearing
tion and Wind-Damp Bi syndrome. Heart Heat and opening the orifices, as
— Herba Patriniae is more effective in clearing well as in clearing Heat and Fire Poison,
Heat and draining pus and is thus indicated and is thus indicated for coma in febrile
for carbuncles, boils and ulcers due to Fire diseases, and Fire Poison patterns.
Poison. Calculus Bovis Factitius can be substi
tuted.

■ HERBA HEDYOTIS DIFFUSAE, HERBA

SCUTELLARIAE BARBATAE AND
RHIZOMA SMILACIS GLABRAE
■ RADIX REHMANNIAE, RADIX
• Bat Hua She She Cao, Ban Zhi Lian and Tu SCROPHULARIAE, CORTEX MOUTAN
Fu Ling RADIOS AND RADIX PAEONIAE
RUBRA
Similarities
• Sheng Di Huang, Xuan Shen, Mu Dan Pi,
— All three clear Heat and Poison and elimi
and Chi Shao
nate Dampness and are thus indicated for
cancer and syphilis.
Similarities
— All clear Heat and cool Blood and are
Differences
thus indicated for pathogenic Heat at
— Herba Hedyotis Diffusae and Herba
the Nutritive (Ying) and Blood levels,
Scutellariae Barbatae are often used in the
and for haemorrhagic patterns due to
treatment of cancer and poisonous snake
Heat.
bite. Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae is often used
in the treatment of venereal diseases such as
Differences
syphilis.
— Radix Rehmanniae and Radix Scrophulariae
are both sweet and cold in nature. They
nourish Yin and promote Body Fluids and
are thus indicated for Yin Deficiency. Radix
C. Herbs that clear Full Heat Rehmanniae is more effective in cooling
and Empty Heat and cool Blood and stopping bleeding (Fig. 2.2).
Radix Scrophulariae is more effective in
Blood nourishing Yin and clearing Fire and Fire
Poison, and is thus indicated for sore throat,
■ CORNU RHINOCERI ASIATIC! AND tuberculosis of the lymph nodes and
CALCULUS BOVIS carbuncles, boils and ulcers due to Fire
Poison.
• Xi Jiao and Niu Huang
— Cortex Moutan Radicis and Radix Paeoniae
Similarities Rubra also invigorate Blood circulation
— Both clear Heart and Liver Heat, cool Blood and treat Blood Stasis, and are thus indicated
and clear Fire Poison and are thus indicated for Blood Heat complicated by Stasis.
for coma and convulsion due to pathogenic They also clear Liver Fire. Cortex Moutan
Heat at the Nutritive (Ying) and Blood Radicis clears Empty Heat and is thus
levels. indicated for tidal fever. Radix Paeoniae
Rubra is more effective in moving Blood
Differences and treating Stasis, but does not stop
— Cornu Rhinoceri Asiatici cools Blood, stops bleeding.
 Herbs that clear Heat 13

s, clears
Radix Rehmanniae Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata
indicated
due to Cold Warm
Vind due
bstituted, Cools Blood (and stops bleeding) Tonifies Blood

er doses
Clears Heat

i clearing Tonifies Yin (and promotes Body Fluids) Tonifies Yin

ifices, as
e Poison, Fig. 2.2 Actions of Radix Rehmanniae.
in febrile
patterns.
e substi-
3. Flos Lonicerae, Fructus Forsythiae, Herba
■ HERBA ARTEMISIAE CHINGHAO,
Taraxaci, Folium Isatidis, Herba
CORTEX LYCII RADICIS, RADIX
Houttuyniae, Radix Pulsatillae and Cortex
AMPELOPSIS AND RADIX
Fraxini are all herbs that clear Heat and Fire
STELLARIAE
Poison. How do their indications differ?
• Qing Hao, Di Gu Pi, Bai Wei and Yin Chat 4. Compare and contrast the actions and
)UTAN Hu indications of Radix Gentianae, Fructus
Gardeniae, Spica Prunellae and Semen
Similarities Cassiae.
— All clear Empty Heat and are thus 5. Of the herbs that clear Heat, which ones also
an Pi,
indicated for fever and tidal fever due to a. nourish Yin?
Yin Deficiency and for persistent low- b. clear Empty Heat?
grade fever in the late stage of febrile c. move Blood and treat Blood Stasis?
disease.
and are
Heat at
Differences
>d levels,
— Herba Artemisiae Chinghao clears both
; due to
Full and Empty Heat, as well as Summer
Heat. It is indicated in the treatment of
malaria.
— Cortex Lycii Radicis clears Lung Heat and is
>phulariae
thus indicated in haemoptysis due to Lung
ure. They
Heat. It also treats hypertension and
luids and
diabetes.
ncy. Radix
— Radix Ampelopsis cools Blood and is thus
n cooling
indicated in the treatment of Blood Heat in
(Fig. 2.2).
women.
■fective in
— Radix Stellariae is more effective in clearing
: and Fire
Empty Heat. It also treats malnutrition and
ore throat,
fever in children.
odes and
ie to Fire

< Paeoniae
Questions
circulation
s indicated 1. Compare and contrast the actions and
by Stasis. indications of Gypsum Fibrosum and
;x Moutan Rhizoma Anemarrhenae.

d is thus 2. Compare and contrast the actions and

: Paeoniae indications of Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix
'ing Blood Scutellariae and Cortex Phellodendri.
not stop Explain their side-effects and the precau
tions for their use.
14

3 Herbs that purge and promote

digestion

A. Purgative herbs — Natrii Sulfas is salty and cold in nature and

thus softens and resolves masses as well as
purging. It is indicated for dry stool and
■ RADIX ET RHIZOMA RHEI, NATRII
mastitis. External application resolves hard
SULFAS AND FOLIUM CASSIAE
lumps and inhibits lactation.
• Da Huang, Mang Xiao and Fan Xie Ye — Folium Cassiae is indicated for habitual
constipation. It is also used to cleanse the
Similarities intestines.
— All are purgative and are thus indicated for
constipation due to accumulation of Heat,
constipation with fullness of the abdomen
■ FRUCTUS CANNABIS AND SEMEN
due to high fever, and acute abdomen. They
PRUNI
also clear Heat and Fire.
• Huo Ma Ren and Yu Li Ren
Differences
— Radix et Rhizoma Rhei is bitter and cold in Similarities
nature. It clears Heat and Fire, stops — Both moisten and purge the intestines and
bleeding, clears Fire Poison, invigorates are thus indicated for constipation due to
Blood and disperses Stasis. It is thus deficiency of Fluids and Blood, and dryness
indicated for Fire Poison in the upper of the intestines.
body, haemorrhagic patterns due to Blood
Heat, carbuncles and furuncles due to Differences
Fire Poison, jaundice due to Damp- — Fructus Cannabis relieves constipation
Heat, urinary dysfunction, amenorrhoea due solely by moistening the intestines.
to stagnation of Qi and Blood, palpable — Semen Pruni also promotes diuresis and
abdominal masses and contusions and relieves swelling and is thus indicated for
sprains. oedema (Fig. 3.1).

Radix et Rhizoma Rhei clears Heat and Fire Poison purges the intestines

Natrii Sulfas softens masses

Folium Cassiae

Fructus Cannabis moistens the intestines

Semen Pruni promotes diuresis

Fig. 3.1 Differentiation of purgative herbs.

 Herbs that purge and promote digestion 15

urinary and biliary tracts. It also promotes

B. Herbs that promote
te
the function of the Stomach and is thus
digestion indicated for poor digestion due to Stomach
weakness.

■ FRUCTUS CRATAEGI, MASSA ' Semen Raphani resolves Phlegm and

FERMENTATA, FRUCTUS HORDEI regulates Qi and is thus indicated for
GERMINATUS, FRUCTUS ORYZAE
retention of food due to Qi Stagnation and
GERMINATUS, ENDOTHELIUM for other patterns of stagnant Qi and
CORNEUM GIGERIAE GALLI, SEMEN Phlegm.

RAPHANI AND SEMEN ARECAE ■ Semen Arecae regulates Qi and dispels

parasites and is thus indicated for retention
• Shan Zha, Shen Qu, Mai Ya, Gu Ya, fi Nei of food due to Qi Stagnation and abdominal
ature and
Jin, Lai Fu Zi and Bing Long pain due to parasites.
is well as
stool and
Similarities
lves hard
— All promote digestion and are thus indicated
for retention of food, with symptoms of Questions
habitual
epigastric distension, abdominal pain,
eanse the
belching, acid regurgitation and abnormal 1. Compare and contrast the actions and
indications of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and
bowel movement.
Natrii Sulfas.
2. In addition to promoting digestion, what are
Differences
the other actions of Fructus Crataegi,
rtEN — Fructus Crataegi promotes digestion,
strengthens the Spleen and disperses Blood Fructus Hordei Germinatus, Semen Raphani
Stasis. It is indicated for poor digestion of and Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galii?
meat (Fig. 3.2), lack of gastric acid,
dyspepsia and stagnation of Blood.
— Massa Fermentata Medicinalis is more
itines and effective in promoting the digestion of rice,
Dn due to wheat flour and alcohol (Fig. 3.2). It harmo
id dryness
nizes the Middle Burner and stops diarrhoea
and is indicated for retention of food accom
panied by fever, diarrhoea or dysentery.
— Fructus Hordei Germinatus and Fructus
instipation
Oryzae Germinatus promote the digestion of
rice and wheat flour (Fig. 3.2), assist the
iresis and Stomach and harmonize the Middle Burner.
licated for Fructus Hordei Germinatus also inhibits
lactation and promotes the Liver's function
of regulating the free flow of Qi.
— Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli
astringes seminal emission and dissolves
stones, and is thus indicated for spermator
rhoea, nocturnal enuresis and stones in the

stines
Fructus Crataegi meat

Massa Fermentata Medicinalis v alcohol

Fructus Hordei Germinatus ^-^X. wheat

itestines
Fructus Oryzae Germinatus -^^^ rice

Fig. 3.2 Differentiation of digestive herbs by type of

food.
16

4 Herbs that resolve Phlegm and

stop coughing and wheezing

A. Herbs that resolve Phlegm Differences

— Rhizoma Arisaematis also dries Dampness
■ RHIZOMA PINELLIAE and RHIZOMA and resolves Phlegm and is thus indicated
ARISAEMATIS for patterns of Damp Phlegm. Rhizoma
Typhonii is mainly used for disorders of the
• Ban Xia and Tian Nan Xing head and face.

Similarities
— Both are pungent, warm and toxic in nature
■ SEMEN SINAPIS ALBAE
and resolve Cold Phlegm by warming or
drying Dampness. They are thus indicated • BaiJieZi
for patterns of Cold Phlegm or Damp
— This herb is similar to Rhizoma Pinelliae in
Phlegm. External application relieves
resolving Cold Phlegm with warmth. It is
swelling and pain and they are used in the
treatment of boils and ulcers.
more effective in promoting the circulation
of Qi and dispersing masses and is indicated
Differences for Phlegm between the skin and muscles,
retention of fluid in the hypochondrium and
— Rhizoma Pinelliae conducts Rebellious Qi
Yin-type jaundice.
downward and stops vomiting and is thus
indicated for vomiting due to Rebellious
Stomach Qi. It also relieves fullness and
disperses lumps and is thus indicated for a ■ RADIX PLATYCODI, RADIX
distressing sensation of fullness in the PEUCEDANI, RHIZOMA CYNANCHI
epigastrium and for Plum-Stone Qi (the STAUNTONII AND FLOS INULAE
sensation of a foreign body in the throat).
• fie Geng, Qian Hu, Bai Qian and Xuan Fu
— Rhizoma Arisaematis eliminates Wind Hua
Phlegm and stops convulsions, and is thus
indicated for Wind Phlegm patterns such as Similarities
dizziness and vertigo, deviation of the — All resolve Phlegm and stop cough and are
mouth and eye, hemiplegia and tetanus. It thus indicated for cough with profuse
is bitter and cool in nature and also cools sputum.
Heat.

Differences
— Radix Platycodi and Radix Peucedani both
■ RHIZOMA ARISAEMATIS AND promote the Lung's function of dispersing
RHIZOMA TYPHONII and are thus indicated for cough due to an
impairment of the Lung's dispersing
• Tian Nan Xing and BaiFuZi function following an invasion of the Lung
by pathogenic factors. Radix Platycodi also
Similarities
eases the throat and drains pus and is thus
— Both eliminate Wind Phlegm and stop indicated for sore throat and lung abscess.
convulsion and are thus indicated for Radix Peucedani also conducts Rebellious
pattern? ur Wind Phlegm, including tetanus
Qi downward and is thus indicated for
and deviation of the mouth and eye.
cough and wheeze when Lung Qi fails to
 Herbs that resolve Phlegm 17

descend due to retention of Phlegm in the more effective in opening the chest and

d lungs.
— Rhizoma Cynanchi Stauntonii and Flos
regulating Qi. Semen Trichosanthis is more
effective in moistening the lungs and
Inulae both conduct Rebellious Qi intestines and relieving constipation.
downward and resolve Phlegm. They are Bulbus Fritillariae is more effective than
thus indicated for cough with profuse Fructus Trichosanthis in moistening the
sputum, and wheeze due to failure of the lungs and stopping cough. It also clears Heat
Lung Qi to descend. Flos Inulae also sends and disperses masses and is indicated for
Stomach Qi downward and is thus indicated tuberculosis of the lymph nodes, abscess and
for vomiting and hiccup due to Rebellious swelling. It is sweet and moist in nature and
Stomach Qi. is often used in the treatment of Yin
deficiency and Lung dryness due to chronic
illness. Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii is
ampness
■ FRUCTUS TRICHOSANTHIS AND bitter and discharging in nature and is often
ndicated
BULBUS FRITILLARIAE used in the treatment of Fire Poison patterns
Rhizoma
due to External Invasion.
?rs of the • Gua Lou and Bei Mu

Similarities ■ CAULIS BAMBUSAE IN TAENIAM AND

— Both clear Heat, resolve Phlegm and moisten
SUCCUS BAMBUSAE
the lungs and are thus indicated for patterns
of Heat Phlegm and Dry Phlegm. • Zhu Ru and Zhu Li

nelliae in Differences Similarities

nth. It is — Fructus Trichosanthis opens the chest, — Both clear Heat and resolve Phlegm and are
rculation relieves stagnation, moistens the intestines thus indicated for cough due to Phlegm
indicated and relieves constipation. It is thus indicated Heat.
muscles, for patterns of Chest Bi due to stagnation
rium and arising from Deficient Yang in the chest and Differences
for constipation due to dryness of the — Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam clears Stomach
intestines. Pericarpium Trichosanthis is Heat and stops vomiting and is thus

JCHI Rhizoma Arisaematis

Radix Platycodi
.E Rhizoma Typhonii —
Sargassum Radix Peucedani
Semen Sinapis Albae
Succus Bambusae
uanFu Thallus Laminariae Rhizoma Cynanchi
Staunlonii
Flos Inulae
Fructus
Rhizoma Pinelliae ~i Trichosanthis
and are Semen Sinapis Albae
Bulbus Fritiilariae

profuse Flos Inulae

Fructus Perillae

Radix Asteris
Caulis Bambusae '
L Fbs Farfarae

iani both
ispersing
iue to an
ispersing
the Lung
codi also
id is thus
; abscess.
Rebellious
cated for
Fig. 4.1 Local actions of herbs that resolve Phlegm.
)i fails to
18 Part 1: Actions ami indications of some common Chinese herbs
indicated for vomiting due to
Heat.
— Succus Bambusae expels Phlegm and opens
the orifices and is thus indicated for Wind
Stroke with gurgling in the throat and
unconsciousness due to Phlegm Heat.
■ SARGASSUM AND THALLUS
LAMINARIAE
• Hai Zao and Kun Bu
Similarities
— Both resolve Phlegm and soften hard masses
and are thus indicated for goitre, tubercu
losis of the lymph nodes and subcutaneous
nodules (Fig. 4.1). They also promote
diuresis and relieve swelling and are used in
the treatment of beri-beri, oedema and
dysuria. They are often used in combination
and can be substituted for each other. They
are used in dietary therapy to treat hyperten
sion and arteriosclerosis.
B. Herbs that stop coughing
and wheezing
■ SEMEN ARMENIACAE AMARUM AND
FRUCTUS PERILLAE
• Xing Ren and Su Zi
Similarities
— Both conduct Lung Qi downward to stop
cough and wheeze and are thus indicated for
cough and wheeze due to Rebellious Lung
Qi. They also moisten the intestines and
relieve constipation and are thus indicated
for constipation due to dryness of the
intestines.
Differences
— Semen Armeniacae Amarum is effective in
sending Qi downward and promoting the
Lung's dispersing function. It is thus an
important herb for stopping cough and
wheeze. It treats various kinds of cough and
asthma in combination with other herbs.
— Fructus Perillae also resolves Phlegm and is
thus more effective when Lung Qi fails to
descend due to blockage by Cold Phlegm or
Damp Phlegm.
Stomach
■ RADIX STEMONAE, RADIX ASTERIS
AND FLOS FARFARAE
• Bat Bu, Zi Wan and Kuan Dong Hua
Similarities
— All moisten the lungs and stop cough and
are indicated for both acute and chronic
cough.
Differences
— Radix Stemonae also kills insects and lice. It
is applied externally to treat head and body
lice and Trichomonas vaginalis and adminis
tered as an enema to treat pinworms.
— Radix Asteris and Flos Farfarae both resolve
Phlegm and stop cough. The former is more
effective in stopping cough and the latter
more effective in resolving Phlegm. They are
often used in combination.
■ FOLIUM ERIOBOTRYAE and FRUCTUS
ARISTOLOCHIAE
• Pi Pa Ye and Ma Dou Ling
Similarities
— Both clear Lung Heat and stop cough and
are thus indicated for cough due to Lung
Heat.
Differences
— Folium Eriobotryae clears Stomach Heat,
conducts Rebellious Qi downward and stops
vomiting and is thus indicated for vomiting
due to Stomach Heat.
— Fructus Aristolochiae calms the Liver and
lowers blood pressure and is thus indicated
for hypertension due to Liver Yang Rising.
CORTEX MORI RADICIS AND SEMEN
LEPIDII SEU DESCURAINIAE
Sang Bai Pi and Ting Li Zi
Similarities
— Both clear Lung Heat, soothe wheeze,
promote diuresis and relieve swelling. They
are thus indicated for cough and wheeze due
to Lung Heat and for oedema.
Differences
— Cortex Mori Radicis is more effective in
 Herbs that resolve Phlegm 19

clearing Heat and Fire from the lungs.

:RIS Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae is more
effective in eliminating water from the
Lungs and soothing asthma. This herb has
a potent action and renders good therapeutic
results in the treatment of pulmonary heart
jgh and
disease with dyspnoea and pulmonary
chronic
oedema, but it is a harsh cathartic and
should be used with extreme caution.

■ HERBA EPHEDRAE, SEMEN LEPIDII

d lice. It
nd body SEU DESCURAINIAE AND SEMEN
idminis- GINKGO

• Ma Huang, Ting Li Zi and Bai Guo

i resolve
■ is more Similarities
he latter — All soothe asthma and are thus indicated for
They are cough and wheeze.

Differences
— Herba Ephedrae promotes the dispersing
ICTUS function of the Lung and is thus indicated
for asthma when the dispersing function of
the Lung is impaired due to an Excess
pattern.
— Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae reduces
ugh and
Lung Fire and soothes asthma and is thus
to Lung
indicated for cough and wheeze due to Lung
Fire and the retention of Phlegm Fluid.
— Semen Ginkgo astringes the lungs and
soothes asthma, and is thus indicated for
:h Heat,
chronic cough and wheeze due to Lung Qi
ind stops Deficiency.

vomiting

iver and
ndicated Questions
Rising. 1. Rhizoma Pinelliae, Rhizoma Arisaematis,
Fructus Trichosanthis and Bulbus Fritillariae
all resolve Phlegm. Compare and contrast
EMEN their other actions and indications.
2. Compare and contrast the actions and
indications of Radix Platycodi, Radix
Peucedani, Rhizoma Cynanchi Stauntonii
and Flos Inulae.
3. What are the differences in action of Semen
Armeniacae Amaru m, Fructus Perillae,
wheeze,
Herba Ephedrae and Semen Lepidii seu
ng. They
Descurainiae?
leeze due

ective in
20
5 Herbs that eliminate Wind-
Damp
■ RADIX ANGELICAE PUBESCENTIS,
RHI2OMA SEU RADIX NOTOPTERYGII
AND RADIX CLEMATIDIS
• Du Huo, Qiang Huo and Wei Ling Xian
Similarities
— All are warm in nature and eliminate Wind-
Damp and relieve pain. They are thus
indicated for Bi syndromes involving Wind,
Cold and Dampness.
Differences
— Radix Notopterygii and Radix Angelicae
Pubescentis are warm and dry in nature and
are more effective in eliminating Cold
Damp. They are thus indicated for Bi
syndromes in which Cold Damp predomi
nates. Radix Notopterygii goes upward and
is thus used for Bi syndromes involving the
upper body. It also strongly Releases the
Exterior and so is used for Exterior patterns
complicated with Dampness. Radix
Angelicae Pubescentis is less effective in
Releasing the Exterior, but it strongly elimi
nates Wind-Damp and so is commonly used
in the treatment of Bi syndromes. Its action
goes downward and it is more effective for
treating the lower body. If Bi syndromes
affect the entire body, these herbs are used in
combination.
— Radix Clematidis is more effective in elimi
nating Wind, removing obstructions from
the channels, and relieving pain. It is thus
indicated for Wandering Bi, in which
pathogenic Wind predominates. It also
dissolves fishbones lodged in the throat and
treats oesophageal cancer.
■ RADIX GENTIANAEMACROPHYLLAE,
RADIX STEPHANIAE TETRANDRAE,
HERBA SIEGESBECKIAE AND FOLIUM
CLERODENDRI
• Qin Jiu, Fang Ji, Xi Xian Cao and Chou Wu
Tong
Similarities
— All are cold in nature and eliminate Wind
Damp. They are thus indicated for Wind
Damp Bi syndromes with signs of heat.
Differences
— Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae eliminates
Wind Damp without drying and is thus
referred to as a moist herb for eliminating
Wind. It also clears Empty Heat and is thus
used for Bi syndromes with heat signs due to
Blood and Yin Deficiency. It also treats fever
and tidal fever due to Yin Deficiency, and
Damp-Heat-type jaundice.
— Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae is more effec
tive in eliminating Dampness and is thus
indicated for Damp Bi syndromes. It also
promotes diuresis and relieves swelling and
thus treats oedema.
— Herba Siegesbeckia and Folium Clerodendri
eliminate Wind Damp, remove obstruction
from the channels and lower blood pressure.
They are thus indicated for Wind Damp Bi
syndromes, numbness of the limbs and
body, hemiplegia and hypertension.
 Herbs that eliminate Wind-Damp 21

Caulis Piperis Futokadsurae is warm in

■ FRUCTUS CHAENOMELIS, RAMULUS
nature. It eliminates Wind and removes
MORI, CAULIS TRACHELOSFERMI
obstruction from the channels and is thus
AND CAULIS PIPERIS
indicated for Cold Bi syndromes with
FUTOKADSURAE
pathogenic Wind predominating.
• Mm Gua, Sang Zhi, Luo Shi Teng and Hai
Feng Teng

Similarities ■ AGKISTRODON ACUTUS AND

— All relax the muscles and tendons and
ZAOCYS
remove obstruction from the channels. They
are thus indicated for Wind-Damp Bi • Bat Hua She and Wu Shao She
roat and syndromes, muscle contracture and limited
motion of the joints. Similarities
— Both eliminate Wind, remove obstruction

Differences from the channels, relieve pain and stop

IfLLAE, — Fructus Chaenomelis eliminates Dampness
fcAE, and harmonizes the Stomach and is
DLIUM indicated for beri-beri and for cholera with
vomiting, diarrhoea and tenesmus.
— Ramulus Mori removes obstruction from the
tou Wu
channels and benefits the joints of the four
limbs, and is thus indicated for painful joints
of the limbs.
— Caulis Trachelospermi clears heat and
Xe Wind
removes obstruction from the channels and
or Wind
is thus indicated for Febrile Bi syndromes.
aat.
convulsion and are thus indicated for
stubborn Wind-Damp Bi syndromes, infan
tile convulsion and tetanus.
Differences
— Agkistrodon is potent and toxic and is thus
used in small doses, administered as a
tincture, pill or powder.
— Zaocys has a weaker action and is not toxic
and is thus used in large doses, administered
as a decoction or tincture.

iminates
is thus
ninating
d is thus
Rhizoma Cyboti
ns due to
ats fever
ncy, and Rtaoma seu

Radix

ire effec- Nolopterygn

l is thus
;. It also
lling and

rodendri
struction
pressure.

Damp Bi Radix Angeteae

nbs and Rubescenlis

Fig. 5.1 Differentiation of herbs that eliminate Wind-Damp according to area of action.
22 Part 1: Actions and indications of some common Chinese herbs

■ RAMULUS LORANTHI, CORTEX

ACANTHOPANACIS RADIOS AND
RHIZOMA CIBOTII

• Sang Ji Sheng, Wu Jia Pi and Gou ]i

Similarities
— All eliminate Wind-Damp, tonify the Liver
and Kidney and strengthen the tendons and
bones, and are thus indicated for chronic Bi
syndromes, weakness of the tendons and
bones and lumbar pain with atrophic
debility of bones.

Differences
— Ramulus Loranthi tonifies the Kidney,
prevents miscarriage and lowers blood
pressure and is thus used for Restless Fetus
due to Kidney Deficiency and for hyperten
sion.
— Cortex Acanthopanacis Radicis promotes
diuresis and relieves swelling and is thus
indicated for oedema. Acanthopanax (Nan
Wu ]ia) is more effective in eliminating
Wind-Damp and strengthening the bones
and tendons while Periploca Sepium (Bai
Wu ]ia) is more effective in promoting
diuresis and relieving swelling.
— Rhizoma Cibotii is more effective in
tonifying the Kidneys and is thus indicated
for back pain (Fig. 5.1), frequent urination
and leucorrhoea due to Kidney Deficiency.

Questions
1. How do Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii
and Radix Angelicae Pubescentis differ in
their actions?
2. How do Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae and
Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae differ in their
actions?
3. How do Fructus Chaenomelis, Ramulus
Loranthi, Ramulus Mori and Agkistrodon
Acutus differ in their actions and indica
tions?
 23

Herbs that resolve and drain 6

Dampness

A. Herbs that resolve ■ HERBA AGASTACHIS AND HERBA

dampness EUPATORII

• Huo Xiang and Pei Lan

■ RHIZOMA ATRACTYLODIS AND Similarities

CORTEX MAGNOLIAE — Both are aromatic in nature and resolve
OFFICINALIS Dampness and eliminate Summer Heat.
• Cang Zhu and Hou Po They are indicated for retention of
Dampness in the Middle Burner and for

Similarities patterns of Summer Heat and Dampness.

— All are pungent, bitter, warm and dry in
nature and thus have a drying effect on Differences

Dampness. They are indicated for — Herba Agastachis also Releases the Exterior

patterns of Dampness invading the and stops vomiting, and is thus indicated for

Spleen and Stomach, giving rise to Exterior patterns of Summer Heat and

symptoms of distension and fullness in Dampness and for vomiting due to Turbid

the epigastrium and abdomen, diarrhoea Damp.

and a sticky tongue coating. Because — Herba Eupatorii is more effective in elimi

bitter and dry herbs consume Body nating Summer Heat, resolving Dampness

Fluids they are contraindicated in cases of and regulating the function of the Stomach.
Yin Deficiency and consumption of Body It is thus used for poor appetite with a sweet

Fluids. taste and stickiness in the mouth due to

Summer Heat and Dampness invading the

Differences Stomach.

— Rhizoma Atractylodis dries Dampness,

invigorates the Spleen and eliminates Wind-
Damp. It is indicated for diarrhoea and
■ FRUCTUS AMOMI AND SEMEN
loose stools due to impairment of the
AMOMI CARDAMOMI
Spleen's function of transportation and
transformation as a result of an invasion of • Sha Ren and Bai Dou Kou
Dampness. It is also used for Exterior
Dampness patterns and for Wind-Damp Bi Similarities
syndromes. — Both resolve Dampness, regulate Qi, warm
— Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis treats the Middle Burner and stop vomiting. They
Interior Dampness but also circulates Qi, are thus indicated for stagnation of Qi and
conducts Rebellious Qi downward and Dampness giving rise to distension and pain
soothes asthma. It is thus indicated for in the epigastrium and abdomen, vomiting
epigastric distress and abdominal distension and a sticky tongue coating.

due to stagnation of Qi and retention of

Dampness in the Middle Burner, as well Differences
as for cough and wheeze due to Phlegm- — Fructus Amomi is more effective in treating

Damp. stagnation of Qi and Dampness in the

24 Part 1: Actions and indications of some common Chinese herbs

Middle and Lower Burners. It also invigo for urinary disturbances due to Damp-Heat
rates the Spleen, regulates Qi and prevents in the Lower Burner.
miscarriage.
— Semen Amomi Cardamomi is more effective Differences
in treating stagnation of Qi and Dampness in — Semen Plantaginis clears Liver Heat and
the Middle and Upper Burners. improves vision, and clears Lung Heat and
resolves Phlegm. It is thus indicated for
redness, swelling and pain in the eyes due to
Heat and Fire in the Liver and for productive
B. Herbs that drain dampness cough due to Lung Heat. This herb tends to
float on the surface of a decoction and
■ PORIA, POLYPORUS UMBELLATUS, should therefore be wrapped before
RHIZOMA ALISMATIS AND SEMEN cooking.
COICIS — Talcum clears Summer Heat and is thus
indicated for patterns of Summer Heat and
• Fu Ling, Zhu Ling, Ze Xie and Yi Yi Ren
Dampness. It should be wrapped before
adding to a decoction to avoid making the
Similarities
decoction turbid.
— All are bland in nature and eliminate
— Caulis Clematidis Armandii clears Heart
Dampness by diuresis. They are thus
Fire, removes obstruction from the channels
indicated for oedema, dysuria, diarrhoea
and promotes the secretion of milk. It is thus
and retention of Phlegm and Fluid.
indicated for mouth and tongue ulcers due
to Heart Fire, as well as for Febrile Bi
Differences
syndromes and obstruction of milk secre
— Poria and Semen Coicis both invigorate the tion.
Spleen and are thus indicated for retention
— Caulis Aristolochiae Manshuriensis (Guan
of Dampness due to Spleen Deficiency.
Mu Tong) is toxic and it is therefore advisable
Poria also calms the Mind. Semen Coicis
not to administer it in large doses.
treats Bi syndromes by draining Dampness
and treats lung abscess and appendicitis
by clearing Heat and draining pus. Poria Warm herbs that DRY Damp
peel (Fu Ling Pi) is more effective in
promoting diuresis. Poria cum Ligno Rhizoma Atractylodis
Hospite (Fu Shen) is more effective in Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
calming the Mind.
— Polyporus Umbellatus and Rhizoma Aromatic herbs that RESOLVE Damp
Alismatis strongly promote diuresis (Fig.
6.1). This is the sole action of Polyporus Herba Agastachis
Herba Eupatorii
Umbellatus, while Rhizoma Alismatis also Fructus Amomi
clears Heat from the Kidneys and Bladder Semen Amomi Cardamomi
and is thus used to treat Damp-Heat in the Pericardium Citri Reticulatae
Lower Burner. It is also indicated for dizzi
ness and vertigo due to retention of Phlegm Bland herbs that DRAIN Damp
and Fluid.
Poria, especially the peel
Polyporus Umbellatus
Rhizoma Alismatis
■ SEMEN PLANTAGINIS, TALCUM and Semen Coicis
Semen Plantaginis
CAULIS CLEMATIDIS ARMANDII
Talcum

• Che Qian Zi, Hua Shi and Chuan Mu Tong Caulis Clematidis Armandii
Herba Lysimachiae
Spora lygodii
Similarities Folium Pyrrosiae
— All clear heat, drain Dampness and relieve
urinary disturbance and are thus indicated Fig. 6.1 Three ways that herbs eliminate Damp.
 Herbs that resolve and drain Dampness 25

mp-Heat 4. How do Semen Plantaginis, Caulis

■ HERBA LYSIMACHIAE, SPORA
Clematidis Armandii, Herba Lysimachiae,
LYGODII AND FOLIUM PYRROSIAE
Rhizoma Dioscoreae Septemlobae and
• Che Qian Zi, Hua Shi and Chuan Mu Tong Herba Artemisiae Capillaris differ in their
leat and actions and indications?
-feat and Similarities
:ated for — All clear heat, drain Dampness, dissolve
es due to stones and relieve urinary disturbance and
■oductive are thus indicated for urinary disturbance
tends to due to heat or complicated by stones. They
tion and are commonly used in the treatment of
before stones in the urinary tract.

. is thus Differences
rleat and — Herba Lysimachiae and Spora Lygodii are
d before major herbs for stones. Herba Lysimachiae
iking the and Caulis Lygodii (Hai Jin Sha Teng) also
clear heat, drain Dampness and relieve
rs Heart jaundice and are thus indicated for Damp-
channels Heat jaundice.
It is thus — Folium Pyrrosiae also clears Lung Heat,
leers due stops cough and wheeze, cools Blood
ebrile Bi and stops bleeding. It is thus indicated for
ilk secre- cough and wheeze due to Lung Heat, and
for Blood Heat giving rise to haemop
■is (Guan tysis, epistaxis, haematuria and uterine
advisable bleeding.

RHI2OMA DIOSCOREAE
SEPTEMLOBAE AND HERBA
ARTEMISIAE CAPILLARIS

Bi Xie and Yin Chen Hao

Herba Artemisiae Capillaris clears heat,

drains Dampness and relieves jaundice. It is
an important herb for jaundice.
Rhizoma Dioscoreae Septemlobae drains
Turbid Damp and is a major herb for turbid
urine. It also eliminates Wind-Damp and is
thus indicated for Wind-Damp Bi
syndromes.

Questions
1. Compare and contrast the actions and
indications of Rhizoma Atractylodis and
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis.
2. How do Herba Agastachis, Herba Eupatorii
and Fructus Amomi differ in their actions?
amp. 3. How do Poria, Polyporus Umbellatus,
Rhizoma Alismatis and Semen Coicis differ
in their actions?
 26

■7 Herbs that warm the Interior

and regulate Qi

A. Herbs that warm the recapturing Collapsed Yang. Radix Aconiti,

however, is toxic and should be adminis
interior
tered only with caution.
Cortex Cinnamomi and Ramulus
■ RADIX ACONITI PRAEPARATA, Cinnamomi come from the same plant. Both
RADIX ACONITI, CORTEX warm the Interior and disperse Cold, warm
CINNAMOMI AND RAMULUS the channels and relieve pain. Cortex
CINNAMOMI Cinnamomi enters the Interior and the
Lower Burner and is thus more effective in
• Fu Zi, Wu Tou, Rou Gui and Gui Zhi
warming Kidney Yang, while Ramulus
Cinnamomi goes to the Exterior and the four
Similarities
limbs, and is more effective in Releasing the
— All warm the Interior, disperse Cold and
Exterior and invigorating Yang (Fig. 7.1).
\ relieve pain. They are indicated for abdom
inal pain due to Interior Cold and for Cold Bi
syndromes.

DIFFERENTIATION OF CORTEX CINNAMOMI

\ < AND RAMULUS CINNAMOMI
Differences
— Radix Aconiti Praeparata and Cortex
Cinnamomi both warm Kidney Yang and are
thus indicated for patterns of Deficient RAMULUS CINNAMOMI
Kidney Yang. They also warm Heart Yang goes to the Exlenor.
to Release the Exterior
and Spleen Yang and are thus indicated for and warm the channels.
pain and a cold sensation in the cardiac and
abdominal regions.
— Radix Aconiti Praeparata recaptures
Collapsed Yang and is a main herb for
Collapse of Yang. It warms the Yang of the
entire body and thus treats various patterns
of Yang Deficiency. CORTEX CINNAMOMI
goes lo the Interior,
— Cortex Cinnamomi enters the Blood. It treats to warm Kidney Yang
abdominal pain, dysmenorrhoea and irreg
ular menstruation due to a Cold and
Deficient Lower Burner.
— Radix Aconiti Praeparata and Radix Aconiti
come from the same plant. Both warm the
Interior, disperse Cold and relieve pain, but
Radix Aconiti is more effective in dispersing
Cold, relieving pain and eliminating Wind-
Damp, while Radix Aconiti Praeparata is Fig. 7.1 Differentiation of Cortex Cinnamomi and
more effective in warming Yang and Ramulus Cinnamomi.
 Herbs that warm the Interior and regulate Qi 27

Differences
■ RHIZOMA ZINGIBERIS, BAKED
— Fructus Evodiae and Fructus Foeniculi both
GINGER, RHIZOMA ZINGIBERIS
warm the Liver and disperse Cold and are
RECENS AND RHIZOMA ALPINIAE
indicated for periumbilical colic due to
OFFICINALIS
invasion by Cold. Fructus Evodiae also
• Can Jiang, Pao Jiang, Sheng Jiang and Gao warms the Middle Burner and conducts
Liang Jiang Rebellious Qi downward and is thus
indicated for epigastric pain and vomiting
Similarities due to Cold in the stomach, and for epigas
— AH warm the Middle Burner and disperse tric pain and acid regurgitation due to
Cold and are thus indicated for Cold disharmony between the Liver and Stomach.
patterns of the Middle Burner. It is also used to treat Jue Yin headache with
< Aconiti,
vomiting of Phlegm due to upward perver
adminis-
Differences sion of Liver Qi with Turbid Phlegm. Fructus
— Rhizoma Zingiberis is a major herb to warm Foeniculi is indicated only for periumbilical
Ramulus
Spleen Yang. It also recaptures Collapsed colic due to invasion of Cold.
lant. Both
Yang, warms the Lungs and resolves — Flos Caryophylli and Pericarpium
ild, warm
retained Fluid. Zanthoxyli both warm the Middle Burner,
i. Cortex
— Baked ginger is more effective in warming relieve pain and stop vomiting and are thus
and the
the channels and stopping bleeding. It is indicated for epigastric pain and vomiting
Ifective in
indicated for haemorrhagic patterns due to due to Cold in the Stomach. Flos Caryophylli
Ramulus
failure of the Spleen to hold the Blood within is more effective in conducting Rebellious Qi
d the four
the vessels, with an underlying pattern of downward, and is an important herb for
casing the
Spleen Yang Deficiency. vomiting and hiccup. It also warms Kidney
5.7.1).
— Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens is more effective Yang and is indicated for impotence due to
in warming the Middle Burner, stopping Kidney Yang Deficiency (Fig. 7.2).
vomiting and Releasing the Exterior. Pericarpium Zanthoxyli also kills parasites
— Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinalis is more effec and is thus indicated for abdominal pain due
tive in warming the stomach and relieving to ascariasis.
pain and is thus indicated for epigastric pain
due to Cold in the stomach.
— Rhizoma Zingiberis and Radix Aconiti
Praeparata both recapture Collapsed Yang B. Herbs that regulate Qi
and warm Spleen Yang, but Radix Aconiti
Praeparata is more effective in warming
■ PERICARPIUM CITRI RETICULATAE
Kidney Yang and recapturing Collapsed
AND PERICARPIUM CITRI
Yang while Rhizoma Zingiberis is more
RETICULATAE VIRIDE
effective in wanning Spleen Yang. Rhizoma
Zingiberis has the additional actions of • Chen Pi and Qing Pi
warming the Lungs and resolving retained
Fluid, warming the channels and stopping Similarities
bleeding. — Both herbs come from the same plant. The
first is ripe tangerine peel while the second is
the unripe fruit or its green peel. Both
regulate Qi and resolve Phlegm.
■ FRUCTUS EVODIAE, FRUCTUS
FOENICULI, FLOS CARYOPHYLLI AND
Differences
PERICARPIUM ZANTHOXYLI — Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae has a mild
• Wu Zhu Yu, Xiao Hui Xiang, Ding Xiang action in dispersing stagnation of Qi in the
and Hua Jiao Spleen and Stomach but it also resolves
ami and Dampness and Phlegm. It is primarily used
Similarities for patterns of Damp Phlegm.
— All warm the Interior, disperse Cold and — Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride has a
relieve pain and are indicated for pain in the stronger action in promoting the smooth
epigastrium and abdomen due to Cold. circulation of Liver Qi and dispersing
28 Part 1: Actions and indications of some common Chinese herbs

Exterior and channels | Ramulus Cinnamomi

Baked ginger
Rhizoma Zingiberis

Upper burner Radix Aconiti Praeparata

Cortex Cinnamomi
Rhizoma Zingiberis

Middle burner (Spleen/Stomach) Radix Aconiti Praeparata

Cortex Cinnamomi
Rhizoma Zingiberis
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens
Baked ginger
Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinalis
Flos Caryophylli
Pericarpium Zanthoxyli
(Liver) Fructus Evodiae
Fructus Foeniculi

Lower Burner (Kidney Yang) Radix Aconiti Praeparata

Cortex Cinnamomi
Flos Caryophylli

Note that Radix Aconiti Praeparata and Cortex Cinnamomi go to all three Burners.

Fig. 7.2 Differentiation of warming herbs by area of action.

stagnation, and it is thus indicated for — Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Fructus

abdominal masses and Food Retention Aurantii and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
patterns. all relieve stagnation in the Spleen and
Stomach, but Fructus Aurantii Immaturus
and Fructus Aurantii are more effective in
■ FRUCTUS AURANTIIIMMATURUS regulating Qi than Pericarpium Citri
AND FRUCTUS AURANTII Reticulatae. Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae is
• Zhi Shi and Zhi Qiao warm in nature and acts primarily to dry
Dampness and resolve Phlegm while
Similarities Fructus Aurantii and Fructus Aurantii

— Both circulate Qi, resolve Phlegm and relieve Immaturus are Cold in nature and disperse
Food Retention.
stagnation and are thus indicated for stagna
tion of Qi and Phlegm and Retention of
Food. They activate the smooth muscles of
the stomach, intestines and uterus and are ■ FRUCTUS CITRI SARCODACTYLIS and
FRUCTUS CITRI
indicated for prolapse of the internal organs.
They are administered by injection in the • Fo Shou and Xiang Yuan
treatment of shock.

Similarities
Differences — Both disperse stagnation of Qi in the Liver
— Fructus Aurantii Immaturus is more effec and Stomach and resolve Phlegm and are
tive in relieving Qi stagnation in the Middle indicated for epigastric pain due to dishar
and Lower Burners and is thus indicated for mony between the Liver and Stomach.
distension and pain in the epigastrium and
abdomen. Differences
— Fructus Aurantii is more effective in — Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis acts gently to
relieving Qi stagnation in the Middle and harmonize the Stomach and stop vomiting.
Upper Burners and is thus indicated for — Fructus Citri has a stronger action and is
distension and fullness in the epigastrium similar to Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
and chest. Viride in promoting the smooth circulation
 Herbs that warm the Interior and regulate Qi 29

irata
Pencarpwm Olri ■ Pencarpium Ciln
Rebculatae Retculatae Vinde
Fructus AuranlH Fruclus Citn
Immaturus
arata Rhizoma Cypen
Fructus AuranUi
Fructus Meliae
Fructus Crtri Toosendan
Sarcodactylis
Recens FlosMume
Radix AucWandiae
Flos Rosae
Lignum Aquilanae Rugosae
ifficinalis
Resinalum
Rhizoma Ligustici
Cfiuanxong
xyli

arata

Fig. 7.3 Differentiation of herbs that regulate Qi according to areas of action.

Fructus
teticulatae of Liver Qi and dispersing stagnant Qi Spleen and Stomach. It is used raw to
jleen and (Fig. 7.3). regulate Qi and roasted to invigorate the
tnmaturus Spleen and stop diarrhoea.
ffective in — Radix Linderae warms the Lower Burner
urn Citri ■ RHIZOMA CYPERI, RADIX and is indicated for pain and a cold sensa
iculatae is AUCKLANDIAE, RADIX LINDERAE tion in the lower abdomen.
ily to dry AND LIGNUM AQUILARIAE — Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum warms the
;m while RESINATUM Interior, disperses Cold, regulates Qi and
Aurantii conducts Rebellious Qi downward. It
• Xiang Fu, Mu Xiang, Wu Yao and Chen
d disperse stops vomiting by warming the Stomach
Xiang
and conducting Rebellious Stomach Qi
downward, and treats asthma by conduc
Similarities
ting Rebellious Lung Qi downward and
— All are pungent and warm in nature, and
tfLIS and wanning the Kidneys so they receive
regulate Qi and relieve pain. They are
the Qi. It is added to a decoction at the
indicated for pain in the epigastrium
end of cooking or is administered as a
and abdomen due to stagnation of Qi and
powder.
Cold.

i the Liver Differences

■ FRUCTUS MELIAE TOOSENDAN and
ti and are — Rhizoma Cyperi promotes the smooth circu
RHIZOMA CORYDALIS
to dishar- lation of Liver Qi and regulates menstrua
lach. tion and is an important herb for patterns of • Chuan Lian Zi and Yan Hu Suo
Liver Qi Stagnation, irregular menstruation
and dysmenorrhoea. Similarities
gently to — Radix Aucklandiae regulates Spleen and — Both regulate Qi and relieve pain and are
vomiting, Stomach Qi, invigorates the Spleen and indicated for epigastric and abdominal pain
ion and is stops diarrhoea, and is thus indicated for due to stagnation of Qi in the Liver and
Reticulatae epigastric and abdominal pain, diarrhoea Stomach. They are often used in combina
circulation and dysentery due to stagnation of Qi in the tion.
 Purl I: Actions ami indications of some common Chinese herbs

Differences
indicated for irregular menstruation and
— Fructus Meliae Toosendan clears Liver Heat dysmenorrhoea due to Qi and Blood
and promotes the smooth circulation of Stagnation resulting from Stagnation of
Liver Qi and is indicated for pain and a Liver Qi.
sensation of heat. It also expels parasites.
— Rhizoma Corydalis is more effective in
relieving pain as it also invigorates the circu
lation of Blood. It is indicated for pain due to Questions
Qi and Blood Stagnation.
1. How do Radix Aconiti Praeparata and Radix
Aconiti differ in their actions and indica
tions?
■ BULBUSALLIIMACROSTEMIAND
FRUCTUS TRICHOSANTHIS 2. How do Radix Aconiti Praeparata, Rhizoma
Zingiberis and Cortex Cinnamomi differ in
• Xie Bai and Gua Lou
their actions and indications?
3. How do Rhizoma Zingiberis, Rhizoma
Similarities
Zingiberis Recens and Baked ginger differ in
— Both regulate Qi, open the chest and invigo
their actions and indications?
rate Yang and are thus indicated for Chest Bi 4. How do Cortex Cinnamomi and Ramulus
syndromes due to retention of Turbid
Cinnamomi differ in their actions and
Phlegm and hindrance of Heart Yang. indications?
5. Compare and contrast the actions of Fructus
Differences
Evodiae, Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinalis and
— Bulbus Allii Macrostemi is pungent and Flos Caryophylli.
warm in nature and is more effective in
6. Compare and contrast the actions and
invigorating Yang than Fructus
indications of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
Trichosanthis. It also circulates Qi and and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride.
disperses stagnation and is indicated for
7. Compare and contrast the actions and
dysentery with symptoms of abdominal
indications of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus
pain and tenesmus.
and Fructus Aurantii.
'C — Fructus Trichosanthis is more effective in Radix Aucklandiae, Rhizoma Cyperi, Radix
resolving Phlegm than Bulbus Allii
Linderae, Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum,
Macrostemi. It also moistens the lungs and
Fructus Meliae Toosendan and Rhizoma
stops cough and moistens the intestines and
Corydalis all regulate Qi and relieve pain.
relieves constipation.
How do they differ?

■ FLOS MUME and FLOS ROSAE

RUGOSAE

• Lu E Mei and Mei Gui Hua

Similarities
— Both promote the smooth circulation of
Liver Qi and are indicated for stuffiness of
the chest, hypochondriac pain and mental
depression due to Liver Qi Stagnation. They
regulate Qi without injuring Qi and Yin but
do not have a strong action.

Differences
— Flos Mume is more effective in relieving
depression and is thus indicated for depres
sive patterns.
— Flos Rosae Rugosae activates Blood circula
tion and regulates menstruation and is thus
 31

Herbs that regulate Blood 8

ion and
1 Blood
ation of

nd Radix
i indica-

A. Herbs that stop bleeding ■ FOLIUM CALLICARPAE, CACUMEN

Rhizoma BIOTAE AND RADIX BOEHMERIAE
differ in
■ HERBA SEU RADIX CIRSIIJAPONICI • Zi Zhu, Ce Bai Ye and Zhu Me Gen
Rhizoma AND HERBA CEPHALANOPLORIS
Similarities
r differ in
• Da Ji and Xiao Ji — All cool Blood and stop bleeding and are
indicated for various haemorrhagic patterns
Ramulus
Similarities
due to Heat.
ions and — Both cool Blood, stop bleeding and clear Fire
Poison. They are thus indicated for bleeding
)f Fructus Differences
due to Blood Heat and for ulcers and boils
— Folium Callicarpae is more effective in
nalis and due to Fire Poison. They also lower blood stopping bleeding in various haemorrhagic
pressure and are thus indicated for hyper
ions and patterns. It also clears Heat and Fire Poison
tension. and is thus indicated for carbuncles, boils,
eticulatae
/iride. ulcers and burns.
Differences
— Cacumen Biotae is more effective in
ions and — Herba seu Radix Cirsii Japonici is more
stopping bleeding in the digestive and respi
nmaturus
effective in treating haemoptysis and
ratory tracts. It also resolves Phlegm
haematemesis. It has a strong action in
and stops cough. It can be combined with
eri, Radix
clearing Fire Poison
esinatum,
herbs that warm the channels and stop
— Herba Cephalanoploris is more effective in
Rhizoma
bleeding to treat bleeding due to deficiency
treating haematuria.
ieve pain. and cold.
— Radix Boehmeriae stops bleeding and
prevents miscarriage and is thus indicated
■ RADIX SANGUISORBAE AND FLOS for uterine bleeding and threatened
SOPHORAE abortion.

• Di Yu and Huai Hua

■ RHIZOMA BLETILLAE, HERBA

Similarities AGRIMONIAE AND NODUS
— Both cool Blood and stop bleeding and are NELUMBINIS RHIZOMATIS
indicated for bloody stool or bleeding due to
haemorrhoids. • Bai ]i, Xian He Cao and Ou fie

Differences Similarities
— Radix Sanguisorbae cools Blood and stops — All stop bleeding by astringing and are
dysentery, and clears Fire Poison and acts on indicated for various haemorrhagic patterns.
the skin. It is thus indicated for bloody
dysentery, carbuncles, boils, ulcers and Differences

burns.
— Rhizoma Bletillae effectively stops bleeding
— Flos Sophorae is more effective in stopping in various haemorrhagic patterns. It also
bleeding due to haemorrhoids. It also clears relieves swelling and promotes healing
Liver Fire and is indicated for headache and and is thus indicated for haemoptysis due
redness of the eyes. to cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis and
32 Part 1: Actions a?id indications of some common Chinese herbs

for chronic festering abscesses, ulcers and Blood and pain due to trauma. It is also
boils. indicated for various patterns of Blood
— Herba Agrimoniae is indicated for Stagnation in internal medicine and gynae
pulmonary tuberculosis with cough and for cology.
Food Retention with diarrhoea, Blood — Radix Rubiae cools and moves Blood, stops
Deficiency due to overwork and stress, and bleeding and regulates menstruation. It is
cancer. thus indicated for haemorrhagic patterns
— Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis is used in its due to Blood Heat complicated with Stasis,
raw form to cool Blood, dispel Blood Stasis as well as amenorrhoea and dysmenorrhoea
and stop bleeding. It is charred to stop due to Blood Stasis, contusions and sprains
bleeding by astringing. and Wind-Damp Bi syndromes.
— Pollen Typhae resolves Blood Stasis and
promotes diuresis and is thus indicated for
■ PETIOLUS TRACHYCARPI urinary disorders with haematuria. In its
CARBONISATUS AND CRINIS raw form it is more effective in resolving
CARBONISATUS Blood Stasis and relieving pain, while its
stir-baked form is more effective in stopping
• Zong Lu Tan and Xue Yu Tan
bleeding.

Similarities
—- Both stop bleeding by astringing and are
indicated for haemorrhagic patterns. ■ FOLIUM ARTEMISIAE ARGYI, BAKED
YELLOW EARTH AND BAKED
Differences GINGER
— Petiolus Trachycarpi Carbonisatus is
• Ai Ye, Zao Xin Tu and Pao Jiang
strongly astringent and can thus aggravate
Blood Stasis. It is often used in the treatment
Similarities
of uterine bleeding.
— All warm the channels and stop bleeding
— Crinis Carbonisatus not only astringes to
and are thus indicated for Deficient and
stop bleeding but also treats Blood Stasis
Cold haemorrhagic patterns.
and is thus more widely used. It is often
used in the treatment of uterine bleeding,
Differences
haemoptysis, haematemesis, epistaxis and
— Folium Artemisiae Argyi warms the uterus
bloody stool.
and regulates menstruation and is thus
indicated for uterine bleeding and dysmen
orrhoea due to Deficiency and Cold. It
■ RADIX NOTOGINSENG, RADIX
treats infertility due to Cold in the Uterus
RUBIAE AND POLLEN TYPHAE
and prevents miscarriage. It also soothes
• San Qi, Qian Cao and Pu Huang asthma and is thus used in the treatment of
asthma due to Cold. It is also used for
Similarities moxibustion.
— All treat Blood Stasis and stop bleeding — Baked yellow earth warms the Middle
and are thus used for haemorrhagic Burner and stops bleeding and diarrhoea. It
patterns. They are most effective in the treat is thus indicated for bleeding due to a failure
ment of bleeding complicated with Blood of Spleen Yang to control the Blood and for
Stasis. vomiting and diarrhoea due to a cold and
Deficient Spleen and Stomach. Halloysitum
Differences Rubrum (Chi Shi Zhi) may be used as a
— Radix Notoginseng not only effectively substitute.
stops bleeding but also resolves Blood Stasis — Baked ginger warms the channels and stops
and stops pain. It thus stops bleeding bleeding and is a major herb in the treatment
without causing Stasis and treats Stasis of bleeding due to a failure of Spleen Yang to
without injuring Upright Qi. In addition control the Blood (Fig. 8.1). It also treats
to treating haemorrhagic patterns it is a abdominal pain and diarrhoea due to a Cold
major herb for the treatment of Stagnant and Deficient Middle Burner.
 Herbs that regulate Blood 33

t is also Cause of bleeding What to do

>f Blood
Heat
i gynae- Cool Blood:
Blood becomes reckless and escapes from vessels
Herba seu Radix Cirsii Japonici
)d, stops Herba Cephalanoploris
Radix Sanguisorbae
on. It is
Flos Sophorae
patterns
Flos Callicarpae
:h Stasis, Cacumen Biotae
lorrhoea Radix Boehmerae

1 sprains
Stasis
Blood cannot flow within vessels so flows outside them Activate circulation of Blood within the vessels:
asis and Crinus Carbonisatus
:ated for Radix Notoginseng

a. In its Radix Rubiae

Pollen Typhae
esolving
while its
Deficiency
stopping The Spleen fails to hold the Blood within the vessels Strengthen the Spleen's function of holding the
Blood; warm the channels:
Baked yellow earth
Halloysitum Rubrum
Baked ginger

AKED
Any cause
Astringents will stop bleeding, but treat only
the Biao:
Rhizoma Bletillae
Herba Agrimoniae
Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis
Petiolus Trachycarpi Carbonisatus
Crinus Carbonisatus

bleeding
ient and Fig. 8.1 Treatment of bleeding.

for headache. Because it relieves stagnation

B. Herbs that invigorate in the Middle, it is indicated for costal and
le uterus Blood circulation and resolve hypochondriac pain and abdominal pain
is thus
dysmen-
Blood Stasis due to Stagnation of Qi and Blood. Because it
removes obstruction from the channels and
Cold. It
collaterals of the four limbs, it treats Wind-
e Uterus ■ RHIZOMA LIGUSTICICHUANXIONG
Damp Bi syndromes.
soothes AND RADIX SALVIAE MILTIORRHIZAE
— Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae cools Blood and
tment of
• Chuan Xiong and Dan Shen calms the Mind and is thus indicated for
used for
restlessness and coma due to Heat at the
Similarities Nutritive (Ying) level, and restlessness and
Middle
— Both are important herbs to invigorate Blood insomnia following a long-term illness. It
Thoea. It
circulation and resolve Blood Stasis. They also treats carbuncles, boils and ulcers.
a failure
relieve pain and regulate menstruation and
1 and for
are thus indicated for various patterns of
cold and
Blood Stagnation including amenorrhoea,
loysitum ■ RADIX CURCUMAE, RHIZOMA
dysmenorrhoea, palpable masses and CURCUMAE LONGAE, RHIZOMA
;ed as a
cardiac and abdominal pain due to SPARGANII AND RHIZOMA
Stagnation of Blood. ZEDOARIAE
Lnd stops
reatment
Differences
• Yu Jin, Jiang Huang, San Leng and E Zhu
i Yang to
— Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong also
so treats
regulates Qi and eliminates Wind. It acts on Similarities
to a Cold — All primarily invigorate Blood circulation
the head and eyes and is an important herb
34 Part 1: Actions and indication* of some common Chinese herbs

and secondarily regulate Qi and are thus

■ RADIX ACHYRANTHIS BIDENTATAE,
indicated for patterns of Stagnant Blood and
RHIZOMA POLYGONI CUSPIDATI AND
Qi.
HERBA LEONURI

• Niu Xi, Hu Zhang and Yi Mu Cao

Differences
— Radix Curcumae soothes the Liver and
Similarities
Gall Bladder, cools Blood, relieves
— All invigorate Blood circulation, resolve
Stagnation and opens the orifices. It is
Blood Stasis and eliminate Dampness. They
thus indicated for Stagnation of Liver Qi,
are indicated for patterns of Blood
Damp-Heat in the Liver and Gall Bladder,
Stagnation, oedema due to Dampness in the
Phlegm and Stagnant Blood Misting the
Lower Burner and urinary disorders with
Heart and rising of Stagnant Qi and Fire
turbid urine.
with symptoms of haemoptysis and
epistaxis.
Differences
— Rhizoma Curcumae Longae removes
— Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae tonifies the
obstruction from the channels and
Liver and Kidneys, strengthens tendons and
relieves pain and is thus indicated
bones and conducts Fire and Blood
for pain in the chest, hypochondrium
downward. It is indicated for pain in the
and limbs and for Wind-Damp Bi
lower back and knees, headache, dizziness
syndromes.
and vertigo due to rising of Fire, and
— Rhizoma Sparganii and Rhizoma
haemoptysis and epistaxis.
Zedoariae both break Stagnant Qi and
— Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati eliminates
Blood and are thus indicated for palpable
Dampness, relieves jaundice and clears
abdominal masses. Rhizoma Sparganii is
Heat and Fire Poison. It is indicated for
more effective in breaking Stagnant
jaundice, cough due to Lung Heat, burns,
Blood. Rhizoma Zedoariae is more effective
urinary and biliary stones, abscess and
in moving Stagnant Qi and also treats
swelling due to Fire Poison, and Wind-
cancer.
Damp Bi syndromes.
— Herba Leonuri invigorates Blood circulation
and regulates menstruation and is thus
indicated for dysmenorrhoea, irregular
menstruation and postpartum abdominal
■ RESINA OLIBANI AND RESINA pain due to Blood Stagnation. It is
MYRRHAE commonly used in gynaecology.

• Ru Xiang and Mo Yao

Similarities ■ SEMEN PERSICAE, FLOS CARTHAMI

— Both invigorate Blood and Qi circulation, AND CAULIS SPATHOLOBI
relieve pain and swelling and promote
• Tao Ren, Hong Hua and }i Xue Teng
healing. They are thus indicated for pain
due to Stagnation of Qi and Blood, carbun
Similarities
cles, boils and ulcers, and contusions and
— All invigorate Blood circulation and resolve
sprains. They are important herbs in the
Blood Stasis and are thus indicated for
treatment of skin diseases and trauma and
patterns of Stagnant Blood.
are often used in combination. They should
not be prescribed in large doses, especially in
Differences
cases of weakness of the Spleen and
— Semen Persicae and Flos Carthami are
Stomach.
commonly used to invigorate Blood circula
tion and resolve Stasis. Semen Persicae also
Differences moistens the intestines to relieve constipa
— Resina Olibani is more effective in moving tion and resolves abscess, and is thus
Qi while Resina Myrrhae is more effective in indicated for both internal and external
resolving Blood Stasis. abscess and for constipation due to dry
 Herbs that regulate Blood 35

intestines. Flos Carthami invigorates Blood Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga promotes the
iTAE,
circulation and regulates menstruation, and healing of fractures and torn tendons and is
FIAND
is thus often used in gynaecology. thus an important herb in traumatology.
— Caulis Spatholobi moves both Qi and Blood, Hirudo strongly dispels Blood Stasis. It is
nourishes Blood and relaxes the mudcles and reported to be useful in the treatment of
tendons, and is thus indicated for Stagnation intracranial haematoma and thrombocytosis
and Deficiency of Blood, Wind-Damp Bi (Fig. 8.2).
resolve syndromes and numbness.
ss. They
Blood
ss in the ■ FAECES TROGOPTERORUM, SQUAMA Questions
?rs with MANITIS, EUPOLYPHAGA SEU 1. In what ways do Herba Cephalanoploris,
STELEOPHAGA AND HIRUDO Rhizoma Bletillae, Radix Notoginseng and
• Wu Ling Zhi, Chuan Shan Jia, Di Bie Chong Folium Artemisiae stop bleeding? What are
and Shui Zhi their other actions?
ifies the
2. Apart from stopping bleeding, what are the
Ions and
Similarities actions and indications of Radix Boehme-
Blood
— All act strongly to invigorate Blood circula riae, Cacumen Biotae and Herba Agrimo-
n in the
tion and resolve Stasis and are thus niae?
lizziness
indicated for severe Blood Stasis and 3. Compare and contrast the actions and
ire, and
palpable abdominal masses. indications of Rhizoma Ligustici
Chuanxiong, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae,
iminates
Differences Semen Persicae, Flos Carthami and Radix
i clears
— Faeces Trogopterorum is more effective in Achyranthis Bidentatae.
ated for
resolving Stasis and relieving pain. It also 4. How do Resina Olibani and Resina Myrrhae
t, burns,
stops bleeding. It is often combined with differ in their actions?
ess and
Pollen Typhae. 5. How do Radix Curcumae, Rhizoma
i Wind-
— Squama Manitis is effective in promoting the Sparganii and Rhizoma Zedoariae differ in
secretion of milk, draining pus and relieving their actions?
rculation
swelling.
is thus
irregular
idominal
Rhizoma Ligustei
l. It is Chuanxiong

Radix Curcumae

Rhizoma Curcumae ■ Rhizoma Liguslo

[AMI Chuanwong
Longae
Radix Curcumae
Rhizoma Ligustd - Rhizoma Curcumae
Chuanxiong
■ Longae
Radix Satoae
Mifiiorrhizae

Rhizoma Sparganii
i resolve
Rhizoma Zedoanae
ated for
Radix flchyranthis Bidenlala

Rhizoma Pdygoni Cuspdaii

Herba Leonun

Ftos Carthami
ami are Semen Persicae
1 circula- Faeces Trogopterorum

iicae also Pollen Typhae

constipa-
is thus
external
= to dry Fig. 8.2 Differentiation of herbs that invigorate Blood and resoive Stasis according to area of action.
36

9 Herbs that calm the Mind and

the Liver and extinguish Wind

A. Herbs that calm the amenorrhoea and for painful and difficult

mind urination.

■ CINNABARIS,MAGNETITUM, OS
■ SEMEN ZIZIPHI SPINOSAE AND
DRACONIS AND SUCCINUM
SEMEN BIOTAE
• Zhu Sha, Ci Shi, Long Gu and Hu Po
• Suan Zao Ren and Bai Zi Ren
Similarities
— All soothe the Heart and calm the Mind and Similarities
are thus indicated for Excess patterns giving — Both nourish the Heart and calm the Mind
rise to palpitations, insomnia and manic and and are thus indicated for Deficiency

depressive disorders. patterns giving rise to palpitations and

insomnia.
Differences
— Cinnabaris strongly calms the Mind. It also Differences
clears Heart and Liver Fire and Fire Poison. — Semen Ziziphi Spinosae also nourishes Yin
It is thus indicated for restlessness due to and astringes sweating and is thus indicated
Heart and Liver Fire and for carbuncles, for night sweats due to Yin Deficiency.
boils, ulcers and swelling and pain in the Semen Biotae also moistens the intestines to
mouth and throat due to Fire Poison. It is relieve constipation and is thus indicated for
used to coat and dye other herbs that dry constipation due to Yin and Blood
calm the Mind before they are decocted and Deficiency.
to coat pills to enhance their effect in
calming the Mind. It also prevents putrefac
tion.
■ RADIX POLYGALAE AND CORTEX
— Cinnabaris is, however, toxic and should be
ALBIZIAE
administered only in small doses and for a
short time. • Yuan Zhi and He Huan Pi
— Magnetitum calms the Liver and
suppresses hyperactive Yang, and assists Similarities
the reception of Qi and soothes asthma. It is — Both calm the Mind and resolve Phlegm and
thus indicated for headache, dizziness, are indicated for insomnia due to restless
vertigo and tinnitus due to hyperactive ness.

Liver Yang and for asthma due to Kidney

Deficiency. Differences
— Os Draconis calms the Liver and suppresses — Radix Polygalae is more effective in
hyperactive Yang, and astringes discharges. resolving Phlegm and is thus indicated for
It is thus indicated for Liver Yang Rising and cough with profuse sputum and for uncon
for spontaneous sweating, night sweating, sciousness due to Phlegm Misting the Heart.
spermatorrhoea and leucorrhoea. Succinum — Cortex Albiziae resolves Stagnation, invigo
is most effective in calming the Mind but rates Blood circulation and resolves abscess
also resolves Blood Stasis and relieves and is indicated for mental depression and
urinary disorders. It is thus indicated for lung abscess.
 Herbs that calm the Mind and the Liver 37

B. Herbs that calm the Liver ■ CORNU ANTELOPIS, RAMULUS

d and extinguish Wind UNCARIAE CUM UNCIS AND

RHIZOMA GASTRODIAE

d
■ CONCHA HALIOTIDIS, CONCHA1 • Ling Yang Jiao, Gou Teng and Tian Ma

OSTREAE, MARGARITA, CONCHA

MARGARITIFERA USTA AND Similarities

HAEMATITUM
— All calm the Liver and extinguish Wind
and are indicated for headache, dizziness
• Shi Jue Ming, Mu Li, Zhen Zhu, Zhen Zhu and vertigo due to Liver Yang Rising and
Mu and Dai Zhe Shi for dizziness and convulsion due to Liver
Wind.
difficult Similarities
— All calm the Liver and suppress hyperactive Differences
Yang and are thus indicated for headache, — Cornu Antelopis strongly clears Liver Fire,
dizziness and vertigo due to Liver Yang suppresses hyperactive Liver Yang and
Rising. extinguishes Liver Wind. It also clears Liver
Heat and improves vision, and clears Heat
Differences and Fire Poison.
— Concha Haliotidis is more effective in — Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis clears Liver
calming the Liver and suppressing hyperac Heat and extinguishes Liver Wind and is
tive Yang. It also clears Liver Heat and thus indicated for stirring of Liver Wind due
tie Mind
improves vision. It is thus indicated for to Heat or excessive Yang. It is added at the
jficiency
redness, swelling and pain of the eyes due to end of a decoction.
>ns and — Rhizoma Gastrodiae extinguishes Wind
flaring of Liver Fire and for blurring of
vision due to Deficiency of Liver Yin. and removes obstruction from the
— Concha Ostreae soothes the Heart, calms the channels and is thus indicated for Wind-
Mind, astringes discharges and softens hard Damp Bi syndromes, numbness and
shes Yin
masses. It is thus indicated for restlessness, tetanus.
ndicated
spontaneous sweating, night sweats,
:ficiency.
spermatorrhoea, leucorrhoea and tubercu
stines to
losis of lymph nodes.
rated for
— Margarita and Concha Margaritifera Usta
i Blood ■ FRUCTUS TRIBULI AND FOLIUM
both soothe the Heart, calm the Mind and
APOCYNIVENETI
improve vision. Margarita also stops convul
sion and astringes ulcers and is thus • Ci Ji Li and Luo Bu Ma
indicated for infantile convulsions, epilepsy
EX and chronic festering ulcers and boils. Similarities
Concha Margaritifera Usta is more effective — Both suppress hyperactive Liver Yang and
in soothing the Heart, calming the Mind, extinguish Liver Wind and are thus
calming the Liver and suppressing hyperac indicated for headache, dizziness and
tive Yang. vertigo due to Liver Yang Rising and
— Haematitum conducts Rebellious Qi upward stirring of Liver Wind.
egm and
downward, stops vomiting, relieves asthma,
restless-
soothes the Heart and calms the Mind. It also Differences
stops bleeding by sending Qi and Fire — Fructus Tribuli expels External Wind,
downward. Os Draconis and Concha improves vision and soothes the Liver. It is
Ostreae both calm the Liver and suppress thus indicated for eye disorders due to
:tive in
hyperactive Yang, soothe the Heart and calm Wind-Heat and hypochondriac pain due to
:ated for
the Mind. Os Draconis is more effective in Stagnation of Liver Qi.
r uncon-
soothing the Heart and calming the Mind, — Folium Apocyni Veneti promotes diuresis,
le Heart.
while Concha Ostreae is more effective in relieves swelling and stops cough and
i, invigo-
calming the Liver and suppressing hyperac wheeze. It is indicated for hypertension,
5 abscess
tive Yang. Concha Ostreae also astringes bronchitis, oedema and heart disease with
sion and
discharges and softens hard masses. palpitations.
 38 Part 1: Actions and indications of some common Chinese herbs

■ scorpio, scolopen6ra, bombyx Herbs that Suppress Liver Yang and/or

batryticatus and lumbricus Extinguish Liver Wind

• Quan Xie, Wu Gong, Jiang Can and Cinnabaris

DiLong Magnetitum
Os Draconis
Succinum
Similarities
Concha Haliotidis
— All extinguish Wind and stop convulsion Concha Ostreae
and are thus indicated for convulsions due Concha Margaritifera Usta
to Liver Wind, Wind-Stroke due to Heat Haematitum
Cornu Antelopis
stirring Liver Wind, infantile convulsions,
Ramulus Uncaria cum Uncis
epilepsy and tetanus. Rhizoma Gastrodiae
Fructus Tribuli
Differences Scorpio
— Scorpio and Scolopendra have a strong Scolopendra
Bombyx Batryticatus
action in extinguishing Liver Wind and
Lumbricus
stopping convulsion. They also remove
obstruction from the channels, relieve pain, Herbs that Nourish Heart Blood and Yin

clear Fire Poison and disperse masses. They

Semen Ziziphi Spinosae
are thus indicated for stubborn Wind-Damp Semen Biotae
Bi syndromes, chronic or unilateral
Herbs that Resolve Phlegm
headache, hemiplegia, tuberculosis of the
lymph nodes, carbuncles, boils, ulcers and Radix Polygalae
cancer. Scorpio is more effective in extin Cortex Albiziae
guishing Wind while Scolopendra is more Bombyx Batryticatus

effective in clearing Fire Poison. Herbs that Resolve Stagnation

— Bombyx Batryticatus eliminates Wind-Heat, Cortex Albiziae
resolves Phlegm and disperses masses. It Fructus Tribuli
Radix Polygalae
is thus indicated for Wind-Heat patterns
with symptoms of sore throat, rubella,
redness of the eyes or headache and for
subcutaneous nodules or tuberculosis of the Fig. 9.1 Herbs that calm the Mind: a comparable
l >
table of actions.
lymph nodes.
— Lumbricus clears Heat, soothes asthma,
4. Compare and contrast the actions and
removes obstruction from the channels and
indications of Rhizoma Gastrodiae and
promotes diuresis. It is thus indicated for
Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis.
asthma with sputum due to Lung Heat,
5. Compare and contrast the actions and
Febrile Bi syndromes and dysuria and
indications of Scorpio, Scolopendra, Bombyx
oedema due to retention of Heat in the
Batryticatus and Lumbricus.
Bladder.

Questions
1. Cinnabaris, Semen Biotae and Semen
Ziziphi Spinosae all calm the Mind. In what
different ways do they do this? What other
actions do each of them have?
2. Compare and contrast the actions and
indications of Os Draconis and Concha
Ostreae.
3. Compare and contrast the actions and
indications of Magnetitum and
Haematitum.
 39

Tonics 10

A. Qi Tonics Deficiency. Radix Pseudostellariae is less

effective in tonifying Qi than Radix
Codonopsis Pilosulae, but it is neutral in
■ RADIX GINSENG, RADIX PANACIS
nature and also produces Body Fluids and is
QUINQUEFOLII, RADIX CODONOPSIS
thus indicated for patterns of combined Qi
PILOSULAE, RADIX
and Yin Deficiency.
PSEUDOSTELLARIAE AND RADIX
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari is similar to
ASTRAGALI SEU HEDYSARI
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae in tonifying Qi.
• Ren Shen, Xi Yang Shen, Dang Shen, Tai Zi It also lifts Yang, promotes diuresis, consoli
Shen and Huang Qi dates the Exterior and promotes the
drainage of pus and tissue regeneration. It is
Similarities thus indicated for Sinking of Qi and oedema
— All tonify Spleen and Lung Qi and are thus due to Spleen Deficiency, spontaneous
indicated for Spleen Qi Deficiency, Lung Qi sweating in Deficiency-type Exterior
Deficiency and other patterns of Qi patterns, frequent invasion by External
Deficiency. By tonifying Qi they also pathogenic factors due to Qi Deficiency,
produce Blood and are thus indicated for chronic carbuncles due to Qi and Blood
Blood Deficiency. Deficiency, and Fire Poison at a deep level.
Its raw form goes to the surface and thus acts
Differences to consolidate the Exterior, promote diuresis
parable
— Radix Ginseng strongly tonifies Source and the draining of pus and speed tissue
(Yuan) Qi and is used to treat Collapse of Qi. regeneration. Its treated form goes to the
It is the strongest of the Qi tonics and is an Interior and thus acts to tonify the Middle
tions and
important herb for shock. It also produces Burner, benefit Qi and lift Yang (Fig. 10.1).
xliae and
Body Fluids, calms the Mind and improves
rtions and intelligence and is thus indicated for thirst
due to consumption of Body Fluids, Wasting ■ RHIZOMA ATRACTYLODIS
■a, Bombyx
and Thirsting syndromes, palpitations, poor MACROCEPHALAE, RHIZOMA
memory and insomnia. By tonifying Qi it DIOSCOREAE AND SEMEN
also controls Blood and is thus indicated for DOLICHORIS

haemorrhagic patterns.
• Bai Zhu, Shan Yao and Bian Dou
— Radix Ginseng Rubra (Hong Shen) is warm in
nature, while Radix Ginseng Alba (Bai Shen)
Similarities
is neutral. Radix Ginseng should be — All tonify Qi and invigorate the Spleen and
decocted separately from other ingredients
of a prescription by simmering.
— Radix Panacis Quinquefolii strongly
Raw Toasted
nourishes Yin. It also clears Fire and is thus
indicated for Empty Fire due to Lung and Consolidates the Tonifies the Middle
Stomach Yin Deficiency. Exterior Burner

— Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae and Radix Promotes tissue Lifts Yang

Pseudostellariae are similar to Radix regeneration

Ginseng in action but are weaker. They are

indicated for patterns of general Qi Fig. 10.1 Actions of Astragali seu Hedysari.
40 Part 1: Actions and indications of some common Chinese herbs

are thus indicated !for diarrhoea, loose harmonize the ingredients of a prescription.
stools and leucorrhoea due to Spleen Qi Radix Glycyrrhizae also tonifies Heart Qi
Deficiency. and stops cough. Its treated form (Zhi Gan
Cao) tonifies the Middle Burner and benefits
Differences Qi; its raw form (Sheng Gan Cao) clears
— Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae is dry Fire and Fire Poison. Fructus Ziziphi
in nature. It dries Dampness, promotes Jujubae tonifies the Spleen and nourishes
diuresis, stops sweating and prevents Blood.
miscarriage. It is indicated for retention of — Mel and Saccharum Granorum both moisten
fluid and Dampness due to Spleen the Lung and stop cough. Mel is more effec
Deficiency and for spontaneous sweating tive in providing moisture; it also moistens
and threatened abortion. Both Rhizoma the intestines to relieve constipation.
Atractylodis and Rhizoma Atractylodis Saccharum Granorum is more effective in
Macrocephalae dry Dampness and invigo tonifying the Middle Burner and relieving
rate the Spleen, but Rhizoma Atractylodis spasm and is thus often used in the treat
Macrocephalae is more effective in ment of abdominal pain due to deficiency of
tonifying Qi and invigorating the Spleen the Middle Burner.
while Rhizoma Atractylodis is more effec
tive in drying Dampness. The latter also
disperses External Dampness and Wind-
Damp.
— Rhizoma Dioscoreae is moist in nature and
nourishes Lung and Kidney Yin. It is thus 6. Blood tonics
indicated for patterns of Lung and Kidney
Yin Deficiency such as diabetes.
■ RADIX ANGELICAE SINENSIS AND
— Semen Dolichoris eliminates Summer Heat
RADIX PAEONIAE ALBA
and Dampness and is thus indicated for
diarrhoea due to Summer Heat and • Dang Gui and Bai Shao
Dampness. It is less effective in tonifying Qi
and invigorating the Spleen than Rhizoma Similarities
Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Rhizoma — Both tonify Blood and are thus indicated
Dioscoreae. for Deficient Blood patterns. They also tonify
Qi and relieve pain and are thus indicated
for abdominal pain due to deficiency of
the Middle Burner. In addition, they
■ RADIX GLYCYRRHIZAE, FRUCTUS
regulate Blood and stop dysentery and are
ZIZIPHIJUJUBAE, MEL AND
thus indicated for dysentery with bloody
SACCHARUM GRANORUM
stool.
• Gan Cao, Da Zao, Feng Mi and Yi Tang
Differences
Similarities — Radix Angelicae Sinensis activates Blood
— All tonify the Middle Burner and relieve circulation, regulates menstruation, relieves
spasm and are thus indicated for weakness pain and moistens the intestines. It is
of the Spleen and Stomach and abdominal indicated for various gynaecological
pain due to deficiency of the Middle patterns of Blood Deficiency; Blood Stasis,
Burner. Because they can cause fullness pain due to Qi and Blood Stagnation, and
and Dampness in the Middle Burner, they dry constipation.
are contraindicated in cases of stuffiness — Radix Paeoniae Alba nourishes and
of the chest and abdominal distension astringes Yin, stops sweating, nourishes and
due to Stagnation of Qi and excessive calms the Liver and relieves spasm. It is
Dampness. indicated for Liver Yin Deficiency, Liver
Yang Rising, spontaneous sweating, night
Differences sweats, spasmodic pain, hypochondriac
— Radix Glycyrrhizae and Fructus Ziziphi pain due to Liver Blood Deficiency and
Jujubae both regulate the Middle Burner and constraint of Liver Qi.
 Tonics 41

icriptkm. Lung and Stomach Yin, and consumption of

■ RADIX REHMANNIAE PRAEPARATA,
rieart Qi Body Fluids.
COLLA CORII ASINI AND RADIX
(Zhi Gan
POLYGONI MULTIFLORI
I benefits Differences
o) clears • Shu Di, E Jiao and He Shou Wu I — Radix Glehniae is more effective in
Ziziphi nourishing Yin while Radix Adenophorae
lourishes Similarities also resolves Phlegm.
— All tonify Blood and Liver and Kidney Yin — Radix Ophiopogonis nourishes Heart Yin
1 moisten and are thus indicated for patterns of Blood while Radix Asparagi nourishes Kidney Yin.
ore effec- Deficiency and Liver and Kidney Yin — Herba Dendrobii is more effective in
moistens Deficiency. nourishing Stomach Yin and promoting
stipation. Body Fluids. It also improves vision and
:ective in Differences strengthens tendons and bones and is thus
relieving — Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata is more effec indicated for eye disorders due to Liver
the treat- tive in tonifying Liver and Kidney Yin and is Deficiency and for muscular atrophy and
iciency of a major herb for tonifying Kidney Yin. motor impairment due to Kidney Deficiency.
— Radix Rehmanniae and Radix Rehmanniae — Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati and Rhizoma
Praeparata both tonify Yin. Radix Polygonati are similar in their action of
Rehmanniae Praeparata is slightly warm in nourishing Lung and Stomach Yin, but
nature and also tonifies Blood. Radix Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati is more effec
Rehmanniae is cold in nature and cools tive in nourishing Yin while Rhizoma
Blood, stops bleeding, clears heat and Polygonati also benefits Qi and invigorates
promotes Body Fluids. the Spleen. At present Rhizoma Polygonati
— Colla Corii Asini is an important herb for Odorati is used similarly to Radix
Blood tonification. It also nourishes Yin, Ophiogonis in the treatment of cardiac insuf
VND
moistens dryness and stops bleeding and is ficiency with symptoms of Heart Yin
thus indicated for dryness arising from Lung Deficiency.
and Kidney Yin Deficiency and for haemor-
rhagic patterns. It is either stir-baked to
pearls before adding to a decoction or is z
indicated melted and administered separately from
2
X
ilso tonify other ingredients of a prescription. z
>-
z

indicated — Radix Polygoni Multiflori in its treated form

>-
I— 3 >-
LU
o <r 5 cc

s
z LU
ciency of tonifies the Liver and Kidneys, while its raw o 9
_l X to Zi
on, they form moistens the intestines, relieves consti

1= 1 -
y and are pation, clears Fire Poison and treats malaria. Radix Glehniae

:h bloody Radix Adenophorae

Radix Ophiopogonis

C. Yin tonics (Fig. 10.2) Radix Asparagi

tes Blood
Herba Dendrobii
n, relieves
■ RADIX GLEHNIAE, RADIX
les. It is Rhizoma Polygonati OdoratJ
ADENOPHORAE, RADIX
ecological
OPHIOPOGONIS, RADIX ASPARAGI, Rhizoma Polygonati
>od Stasis,
HERBA DENDROBII, RHIZOMA Fructus Comi
ation, and
POLYGONATI ODORATI AND
Fructus Lyeii
RHIZOMA POLYGONATI
;hes and
Fructus Lkjustri Lucidi
rishes and • Bei Sha Shen, Nan Sha Shen, Mai Dong,
asm. It is Tiati Dong, Shi Hu, Yu Zhu and Huang Jing Herba Ecliptae
ncy, Liver
Plastrum Testudinis
ing, night Similarities
>chondriac — All are sweet and cold in nature and nourish Carapax Trionycis

iency and Lung and Stomach Yin and promote Body

Fluids. They are thus indicated for Deficient Fig. 10.2 Yin tonics.
42 Part 1: Actions and indications of some common Chinese herbs
■ FRUCTUS CORNI, FRUCTUS LYCII,
FRUCTUS LIGUSTRI LUCIDI AND
HERBA ECLIPTAE
• Shan Zhu Yu, Gou Qi Zi, Nu Zhen Zi and
Mo Han Liati
Similarities
— All nourish Liver and Kidney Yin and are
thus indicated for patterns of Deficient Liver
and Kidney Yin.
Differences
— Fructus Corni strongly nourishes Liver and
Kidney Yin, but especially Liver Yin. It is an
important astringent herb and is indicated
for spermatorrhoea, nocturnal enuresis,
spontaneous sweating, night sweats and
shock due to excessive sweating.
— Fructus Lycii nourishes the Liver and
improves vision. It is an important herb for
eye disorders due to Liver Blood and Yin
Deficiency.
— Fructus Ligustri Lucidi and Herba Ecliptae
both have a slow action in nourishing Liver
and Kidney Yin. Fructus Ligustri Lucidi is
more effective in nourishing the Liver and
Kidney while Herba Ecliptae also cools
Blood and stops bleeding.
■ FLASTRUMTESTUDINISAND
CARAPAX TRIONYCIS
• Gui Ban and Bie }ia
Similarities
— Both nourish Yin, clear Empty Heat and
suppress hyperactive Yang and are thus
indicated for tidal fever due to Liver and
Kidney Yin Deficiency, dizziness and
blurring of vision due to Yin Deficiency and
hyperactive Yang, tremor due to Liver Wind,
and a deep red tongue.
Differences
— Plastrum Testudinis strongly nourishes
Kidney Yin. It strengthens bones, consoli
dates the Chong and Ren channels and stops
bleeding and is thus indicated for atrophic
debility of bones due to Kidney Deficiency,
delayed closure of fontanelles, chondro-
pathy and uterine bleeding due to weakness
of the Chong and Ren channels.
— Carapax Trionycis is more effective than
Plastrum Testudinis in clearing Empty Heat.
It also softens hard masses and is thus
indicated for palpable abdominal masses,
and malaria with splenomegaly.
D. Yang tonics
■ CORNU CERVI PANTOTRICHUM,
CORNU CERVI AND COLLA CORNUS
CERVI
• Lu Rong, Lu Jiao and Lu Jiao Jiao
Similarities
— All tonify Kidney Yang, invigorate Yang,
benefit Essence CJing) and Blood and
strengthen tendons and bones. They are
indicated for Kidney Yang Deficiency,
impotence, infertility, sore and weak back
and knees, osteoporosis, muscular weakness
and atrophy and Deficiency of Kidney
Essence with resulting Blood Deficiency.
Differences
— Of the three, Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum has
the strongest action and is often adminis
tered in the form of pills or powder. Cornu
Cervi also has a strong action; it activates
Blood circulation and reduces swelling and
is indicated for Yin jaundice and swelling
due to Stagnation of Blood.
— Colla Cornus Cervi is similar to Cornu Cervi
and is more effective in nourishing Essence
and Blood. It also stops bleeding and is thus
indicated for haemorrhagic patterns due to
Deficiency and Cold.
■ RADIX MORINDAE OFFICINALIS,
HERBA CISTANCHIS AND HERBA
CYNOMORII
• Ba ]i Tian, Rou Cong Rong and Suo Yang
Similarities
— All tonify Kidney Yang and are indicated for
impotence and premature ejaculation due to
Kidney Yang Deficiency and for infertility
due to retention of Cold in the uterus.
Differences
— Radix Morindae Officinalis tonifies Yang,
strengthens tendons and bones and elimi-
 Tomes 43

pty Heat, nates Wind-Damp. It is thus indicated for thus indicated for chronic Wind-Damp Bi
is thus chronic Wind-Damp Bi syndromes, osteo syndromes, osteoporosis, muscular
masses, porosis and muscular weakness and weakness and atrophy, and lumbago due to
atrophy. . Kidney Deficiency.
— Herba Cistanchis and Herba Cynomorii also
moisten the intestines and are thus indicated Differences
for dry constipation complicated with — Cortex Eucommiae tonifies the Kidneys,
Kidney Yang Deficiency. prevents miscarriage and lowers blood
pressure. It is thus indicated for threatened
abortion or hypertension due to Kidney
■ RHIZOMA CURCULIGINIS AND Deficiency.
HERBA EPIMEDII — Radix Dipsaci is similar to Cortex
RNUS
Eucommiae but is more effective in treating
• Xian Mao and Yin Yang Huo
injury to the tendons and bones. It also stops
bleeding and is thus indicated for uterine
Similarities
bleeding or threatened abortion with
— Both warm the Kidneys, invigorate Yang,
bleeding.
eliminate Cold-Damp and strengthen
ate Yang, — Rhizoma Drynariae is similar to Radix
tendons and bones. They are indicated for
ood and Dipsaci in treating injury to the tendons and
impotence, infertility and urinary frequency
They are bones, and similar to Fructus Psoraleae in
)eficiency,
due to Kidney Yang Deficiency and for
tonifying the Kidneys and strengthening the
'eak back
chronic Cold-Damp Bi syndromes and weak
lumbar region.
weakness tendons and bones.

t Kidney
Differences
iency. ■ FRUCTUS PSORALEAE AND FRUCTUS
— Rhizoma Curculiginis is warm and dry in
ALPINIAE OXYPHYLLAE
nature and has a strong action in eliminating
Cold-Damp. • Bu Gu Zhi and Yi Zhi Ren
chum has
adminis-
— Herba Epimedii strongly tonifies Yang. It
also lowers blood pressure and treats Similarities
ler. Comu
Deficiency-type asthma. — Both tonify the Kidneys, invigorate Yang,
: activates
warm the Spleen and stop diarrhoea. They
elling and
are indicated for diarrhoea due to Spleen
I swelling
■ PENIET TESTES CALLORHINI AND and Kidney Yang Deficiency.
HIPPOCAMPUS
irnu Cervi
Differences
ig Essence • Hai Gou Shen and Hai Ma
— Fructus Psoraleae is more effective in
nd is thus
wanning the Kidneys. It also tonifies the
■ns due to Similarities
Kidneys and invigorates Yang, assists recep
— Both tonify the Kidneys and invigorate Yang
tion of Qi to relieve asthma and strengthens
and are indicated for impotence and lack of
the lumbar region.
libido.
— Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae is more effec
US,
tive in warming the Spleen and astringing
Differences
— Hippocampus also activates Blood circula
discharges and is thus indicated for
diarrhoea due to Spleen Deficiency and for
tion and resolves Blood Stasis and is thus
o Yang excessive salivation and nocturnal enuresis.
indicated for palpable abdominal masses.

iicated for ■ CORTEX EUCOMMIAE, RADIX DIPSACI ■ GECKO, CORDYCEPS AND SEMEN
ion due to JUGLANDIS
AND RHIZOMA DRYNARIAE
infertility
• Du Zhong, Xu Duan and Gu Sui Bu • Ge Jie, Dong Chong Xia Cao and Hu Tao
rus.
Rou

Similarities
— All tonify the Liver and Kidneys and Similarities
ifies Yang,
strengthen the tendons and bones. They are — All tonify the Kidneys and benefit the Lungs
and elimi
 44
P<i<! 1 ■ Action- .inJ indication* of some common Chinese herbs

Radix Ginseng
———*—-^

Radix Panads Quinquefol

~

Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae

— i—

Radix Pseudostellariae
™

Radix Astragali seu Hedysari

— —:——
Rhizoma Atractytodis Macrocephalaei
Rhizoma Dioscoreae
.I—

Semen Dolichoris

Radix GlycyrThizae

Fructus Ziziphi Jujubaa

Mel

Saccharum Granomm

Radix Angelicaa Sinensis

Radix Paeontae Alba

Radix Rahmanntae Praeparata

Colla Corii Asinj

Radix Polygoni MuWftori

I 'C Radix Glehniae

■■■ in

Radix Adenophorae

Radix Ophiopogonis

Radix Asparagi

Herba Dendrobii

Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati

■

Rhizoma Polygonati
■ ^-^^^-^

Fructus Comi

Fnjctus Lycii
i

Fructus Ligustri Luddi

Herba Ecl'iptae
■'

Plastrum Testudinis

Carapax Trionycis

Fig. 10.3 Tonic herbs: a comparable table of actions.

 Tonics 45

Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyliae

Semen Astragali Complanati

 46 Part 1: Actions and indications of some common Chinese herbs

and thus assist reception of Qi to relieve is more effective in nourishing the Liver and
asthma. They are indicated for Deficiency- improving vision.
type asthma and chronic cough due to Lung
and Kidney Deficiency.

Differences Questions
— Gecko is more effective in assisting reception
of Qi to relieve asthma. It also benefits 1. Compare and contrast the actions and
Essence and invigorates Yang and is thus indications of Radix Ginseng and Radix
Astragali seuHedysari.
indicated for impotence and spermator
2. How do the actions of Radix Ginseng and
rhoea.
— Cordyceps is more effective in tonifying the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii differ?
3. How do the actions of Radix Glehniae and
Lungs and is indicated for pulmonary tuber
culosis. It also invigorates Yang and benefits Radix Adenophorae differ?
Essence.
4. Compare and contrast the actions and
— Semen Juglandis also strengthens the indications of Rhizoma Atractylodis
lumbar region and moistens the intestines to Macrocephalae and Rhizoma Atractylodis.
relieve dry constipation. 5. Compare and contrast the actions and
indications of Rhizoma Atractylodis
Macrocephalae and Rhizoma Dioscoreae.
6. How do the actions of Radix Rehmanniae
■ PLACENTA HOMINIS AND UMBILICAL
CORD Praeparata and Radix Rehmanniae differ?
7. What are the differences in the actions of
• Zi He Che and Qi Dai Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Radix
Rehmanniae Praeparata?
Similarities 8. What are the differences in the actions of
tl
— Both tonify the Kidneys, benefit Essence and Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Radix
assist reception of Qi. Paeoniae Alba?
9. Compare and contrast the actions and
Differences indications of Radix Glycyrrhizae and
— Placenta Hominis is more effective in Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae.
nourishing Essence and Blood and 10. What are the differences in action of Radix
benefiting Qi, while umbilical cord is more Ophiopogonis, Radix Asparagi and Herba
effective in assisting reception of Qi to Dendrobii?
relieve asthma. 11. What are the differences in action of
Fructus Corni, Fructus Lycii, Plastrum
Testudinis and Carapax Trionycis?
■ SEMEN CUSCUTAE AND SEMEN 12. Compare and contrast the actions of Cornu
ASTRAGALI COMPLANATI Cervi Pantotrichum, Cornu Cervi, Herba
• Tu Si Zi and Tong Ji Li Cistanchis and Herba Epimedii.
13. Compare and contrast the actions of Cortex

Similarities Eucommiae and Radix Dipsaci, and

— Both tonify the Kidney, consolidate the Fructus Psoraleae and Fructus Alpiniae
Oxyphyllae.
Essence, nourish the Liver and improve
vision. They tonify both Yin and Yang and 14. Compare and contrast the actions of Gecko
are indicated for lumbago, tinnitus, spermat and Cordyceps, and of Semen Cuscutae
and Semen Astragali Complanati.
orrhoea and urinary frequency due to
Kidney Deficiency, and for impaired vision
and dizziness due to Liver and Kidney
Deficiency.

Differences
— Semen Cuscutae is more effective in
tonifying the Kidneys and consolidating the
Essence while Semen Astragali Complanati
 47

Astringent herbs 11
Aver and

ons and
id Radix

seng and

iniae and for spontaneous sweating and night

■ FRUCTUS SCHISANDRAE, FRUCTUS
sweats.
MUME AND GALLA CHINENSIS
ons and
actylodis • Wu Wei Zi, Wu Mei and Wu Bei Zi
Differences
ctylodis.
— Radix Ephedrae stops sweating only.
ons and Similarities
Fructus Tritici Levis also nourishes the Heart
actylodis — All astringe in various ways, e.g. they stop
and relieves restlessness. Normal wheat
jcoreae. sweating, stop coughing by astringing the
grain is similar to Fructus Tritici Levis in
imanniae lungs and stop diarrhoea by astringing the
action; the latter stops sweating more effec
s differ? intestines. They are thus indicated for
tively while the former is more effective in
ictions of spontaneous sweating, night sweats, chronic
nourishing the Heart and relieving restless-
i Radix cough and wheeze and chronic diarrhoea
and dysentery.

ictions of
i Radix Differences
— Fructus Schisandrae benefits Qi and
■ SEMEN MYRISTICAE, FRUCTUS
ions and promotes Body Fluids, consolidates
CHEBULAE AND HALLOYSITUM
.zae and Essence, soothes the Heart and calms the
RUBRUM
Mind. It is thus indicated for collapse due to
of Radix Qi and Yin Deficiency, thirst due to • Rom Dou Kou, He Zi and Chi Shi Zhi
:\d Herba consumption of Fluids, diabetes, spermator
rhoea, nocturnal enuresis, palpitation and Similarities
iction of insomnia. — All astringe the intestines and stop diarrhoea
Plastrum — Fructus Mume promotes Body Fluids, and are thus indicated for chronic diarrhoea
7 relieves thirst and sedates roundworm. It is and dysentery.

of Cornu indicated for thirst due to consumption of

A, Herba Fluids, diabetes and abdominal pain due to
Differences
ascariasis.
— Semen Myristicae warms the Middle
of Cortex — Galla Chinensis consolidates Essence,
Burner and regulates Qi and is thus
aci, and astringes Blood, clears Fire Poison and
indicated for Stagnation of Stomach and
Alpiniae promotes the healing of skin eruptions. It
Spleen Qi due to Deficiency and Cold. Both
is indicated for spermatorrhoea,
Semen Cardomomi Rotundi and Semen
of Gecko nocturnal enuresis, haemorrhagic patterns,
Myristicae warm the Middle Burner and
Cuscutae ulcerative gingivitis and carbuncles, boils
regulate Qi, but the former is more effec
and ulcers.
tive in resolving Dampness while the
latter is more effective in astringing the
intestines.
■ RADIX EPHEDRAE AND FRUCTUS
— Fructus Chebulae astringes the Lungs to
TRITICI LEVIS
stops cough and eases the throat and
• Ma Huang Gen and Fu Xiao Mai voice. It is indicated for chronic cough
due to Lung Qi Deficiency and for
Similarities sore throat and hoarseness due to Lung
— Both stop sweating and are thus indicated Fire.
 48 Part 1: Actions am! indications of some common Chinese herbs

■ CORTEX AILANTHI AND are indicated for spermatorrhoea and

PERICARPIUM GRANATI nocturnal enuresis due to Kidney Deficiency
and for chronic diarrhoea and leucorrhoea
• Chun Gen Pi and Shi Liu Pi
due to Spleen and Kidney Deficiency.

Similarities
Differences
— Both astringe the intestines to stop
— Semen Euryales is more effective in invigo
diarrhoea, and clear Damp-Heat and dysen
rating the Spleen to stop diarrhoea while
tery. They are indicated for chronic
Semen Nelumbinis is more effective in
diarrhoea and dysentery, Damp-Heat in the tonifying the Kidneys and nourishing the
intestines and prolapse of the anus due to Heart.
Spleen Deficiency.
— Fructus Rosae Laevigatae is more effective in
consolidating Essence and is thus indicated
Differences
for nocturnal emission and spermatorrhoea
— Pericarpium Granati is more effective in (Fig. 11.1).
killing intestinal parasites while Cortex
Ailanthi is more effective in astringing
bleeding and leucorrhoea and is thus also ■ OOTHECA MANTIDIS AND FRUCTUS
indicated for uterine bleeding and leucor RUBI
rhoea.
I < • Sang Piao Xiao and Fu Pen Zi

■ SEMEN EURYALES, SEMEN Similarities

NELUMBINIS AND FRUCTUS ROSAE — Both tonify and astringe the Kidneys and
LAEVIGATAE are thus indicated for spermatorrhoea
and nocturnal enuresis due to Kidney
• Qian Shi, Lian Zi and Jin Ying Zi Deficiency.

Similarities Differences
— All consolidate Essence, control urination — Ootheca Mantidis invigorates Yang and is
and stop diarrhoea and leucorrhoea. They thus indicated for impotence. Fructus Rubi

Fruclus Chebulae
Fruclus SchisarxKae
- Gate Cfiinenas

Semer Mynslicae
UTERINE BLEEDING,
Frue:us Che LEUCORRHOEA AND
SPERMATORRHOEA
Haiiovsiiur,
flubmii Cortex Aiianthi

(Cortex Ailanthr Semen Euryales

Percarpium Granali Semen Nelumhres
Semen Euryales
Fruclus Rosae Laevigaiae
:Sefnen Nelumbinis
Os Sepiae
Frucius Rosae Laevigaiae
Concha Oslreae
Gaila Chmensis Galia Chinensis

Oolneca ManMis

Fruclus Rubi

Fig. 11.1 DifT.-rentation or astringent herbs according to area of action.

 Astringent herbs 49

?a and improves vision and can be substituted for

■ficiency Fructus Corni and Fructus Lycii.
:orrhoea

■ OS SEPIAE AND CONCHA OSTRE'AE

• Wu Zei Gu and Mu Li
i mvigo-

:a while
Similarities
ctive in
— Both are astringent, and inhibit the secretion
ling the
of gastric add. They are thus indicated for
leucorrhoea and spermatorrhoea in
ective in
Deficient patterns and for epigastric pain
ndicated
due to gastritis.
torrhoea

Differences
— Concha Ostreae stops sweating, calms Liver
Yang and softens hard masses. Os Sepiae
CTUS
stops bleeding and promotes the healing of
skin diseases.

leys and Questions

torrhoea
1. How do Fructus Schisandrae, Fructus
Kidney
Mume, and Fructus Corni differ in their
actions?
2. Compare and contrast the actions and
indications of Radix Ephedrae, Os Draconis
g and is
and Concha Ostreae.
tus Rubi
3. How do Semen Myristicae, Semen Amomi
Cardamomi and Fructus Chebulae differ in
their actions?
4. Compare and contrast the actions of
Halloysitum Rubrum, Cortex Ailanthi and
iulae Pericarpium Granati.
andrae 5. How do Fructus Rosae Laevigatae, Ootheca
Mantidis and Os Sepiae differ in their
actions?
5LEEOTG,
HOEAAND
DRRHOEA
intfti

ryates

lumbinis

jsae Laevigatae

Istreae

lensis
 Part 2:
Combinations of
common Chinese herbs

The actions and indications of

individual herbs change according to
the way in which they are combined
within a formula. It is essential for a
practitioner of Chinese medicine to
have a good command of the
combination of herbs.
 53

Herbs that release the exterior

and stop cough and wheeze

When the dosage of Radix Paeoniae Alba is

HERBA EPHEDRAE AND RAMULUS
larger than that of Ramulus Cinnamomi, this
CINNAMOMI
combination warms the Middle Burner and
Ma Huang and Gui Zhi relieves pain. It is used to treat abdominal
pain due to deficiency of the Middle Burner
Both of these herbs Release the Exterior; they
(Fig. 12.1).
induce diaphoresis, disperse Cold and
relieve pain.
In combination, these actions are potenti
HERBA SCHIZONEPETAE AND RADIX
ated. They are thus indicated for severe
LEDEBOURIELLAE
Exterior Wind-Cold patterns of the Excess
type, i.e. marked by absence of sweating, Jing fie and Fang Feng
and for Cold Bi syndromes. In treating Bi
Both of these herbs disperse Wind-
syndromes, if there is severe pain due to
Cold, relieve pain and itching, and
Cold, Radix Aconiti may be added to further
express skin rashes, and these actions are
strengthen the action of dispersing Cold to
potentiated when they are used in combina
relieve pain.
tion.
The combination is indicated for invasion
of Wind-Cold with symptoms of the
■ RAMULUS CINNAMOMI AND RADIX
common cold. For Wind-Cold headache,
PAEONIAE ALBA
their action may be strengthened further
• Gui Zhi and Bai Shao by the addition of Radix Angelicae
Dahuricae.
— When combined in equal dosages, these
They are also used in combination to expel
herbs harmonize Nutrient (Ying) Qi and
Wind from the skin, in the treatment of
Defensive (Wei) Qi and regulate Yin and
pruritus, rubella and other skin rashes.
Yang. Ramulus Cinnamomi goes to the
Defensive level and disperses Excess while
Radix Paeoniae Alba goes to the Nutritive
level and astringes in order to tonify RHIZOMA SEU RADIX NOTOPTERYGII
Deficiency. This combination dispels AND RADIX ISATIDIS OR FOLIUM
pathogenic factors from the superficial ISATIDIS
muscles and reduces Heat. It is indicated for
Qiang Huo and Ban Lan Gen or Da Qing Ye
Exterior Wind-Cold patterns of the Deficient
type, i.e. marked by spontaneous sweating Together, these herbs Release the Exterior
which does not expel the pathogen. and clear Heat. Rhizoma seu Radix

Ramulus Cinnamomi = Radix Paeoniae Alba Ramulus Cinnamomi < Radix Paeoniae Alba
Harmonizes Nutritive and Defensive Qi Warms the Middle Burner and relieves pain

Indicated for Deficiency patterns of Wind-Cold Indicated for abdominal pain due to Deficiency
(see Fig. 1.1) of the Middle Burner

Fig. 12.1 Combined actions of Ramulus Cinnamomi and Radix Paeoniae Alba in different relative dosages.
1
54 Part 2: Combinations of common Chinese herbs

Notopterygii induces diaphoresis to Release they are calming and are used to treat night
the Exterior, expel Wind and relieve pain, crying in children.
while Radix Isatidis clears Heat and Fire
Poison. They are used in combination in the
treatment of influenza with headache and FOLIUM MORI AND SEMEN
fever. ARMENIACAE AMARUM

Sang Ye and Xing Ren

Both disperse Wind-Heat, moisten the Lung

HERBA MENTHAE AND HERBA and stop cough. In combination they stimu
SCHIZONEPETAE late the descending function of Lung Qi and
are thus indicated for cough due to Wind-
Bo He and )ing }ie
Heat, External Dryness or Lung Yin
Both Release the Exterior and express rashes. Deficiency.
Herba Menthae is pungent and cool in
nature while Herba Schizonepetae is
pungent and slightly warm. When used in HERBA EPHEDRAE AND SEMEN
combination, their actions are potentiated, ARMENIACAE AMARUM
and they are indicated for Exterior Wind-
Ma Huang and Xing Ren
Heat patterns and the early stages of measles
and rubella. Both stimulate the dispersing function of the
Lung to stop cough and wheeze. In combi
nation this action is potentiated and they are
thus indicated for cough due to invasion of
FOLIUM MORI AND FLOS Wind-Cold. They are used in combination
CHRYSANTHEMI with Herba Asari and Rhizoma Pinelliae for
cough due to retention of Cold-Phlegm, and
Sang Ye and fu Hua
in combination with Gypsum Fibrosum,
Both disperse Wind-Heat and clear Heat Rhizoma Anemarrhenae and Radix
from the head and eyes. Folium Mori is more Scutellariae for cough and wheeze due to
effective in clearing Wind-Heat from the Lung Heat.
Lung channel to stop cough while Flos
Chrysanthemi is more effective in clearing
Heat from the Liver and improving vision. RADIX BUPLEURI AND RADIX
When used in combination, their actions are PUERARIAE
potentiated and they are used to treat
Chai Hu and Ge Gen
Exterior Wind-Heat, especially with
headache and redness of the eyes, and Liver Both reduce Heat and dispel pathogenic
Yang Rising or Liver Heat with symptoms of factors from the muscles. Radix Bupleuri
headache, dizziness and vertigo, and enters the Shao Yang Channel and treats
redness of the eyes. alternating chills and fever. Radix Puerariae
enters the Yang Ming Channel and treats
fever, headache and neck rigidity due to
External Invasion.
HERBA MENTHAE AND In combination, their actions of reducing
PERIOSTRACUM CICADAE Heat and dispelling pathogenic factors
from the muscles are potentiated and
Bo He and Chan Tui
they are indicated for headache, fever,
Both disperse Wind-Heat, express rashes and neck rigidity due to invasion of Wind-
and ease the throat and voice. They are Heat, and for persistent fever after
indicated for redness of the eyes, sore throat sweating.
and hoarseness due to invasion of Wind- Both of these herbs also raise Yang Qi and
Heat and for the early stages of measles and they are used in combination to treat
rubella. diarrhoea and loose stools due to sinking of
Because they also clear Heart and Liver Heat Spleen Qi.
 Herbs that Release the Exterior 55

They are used in combination to treat

reat night RADIX BUPLEURI AND RADIX
cough.
SCUTELLARIAE

Chai Hu and Huang Qin

RADIX ASTERIS AND FLOS
Radix Bupleuri clears External Heat from
FARFARAE
Shao Yang and Radix ScuteJlariae clears
Internal Heat from Shao Yang. In combina Zi Wan and Kuan Dong Hua
tion they thus harmonize Shao Yang and are
the Lung Both are warm but not drying in nature and
indicated for alternating chills and fever, and
ey stimu- moisten the Lung, resolve Phlegm and stop
fullness and discomfort in the costal and
ng Qi and cough. Radix Asteris is more effective in
hypochondriac regions due to Shao Yang
to Wind- resolving Phlegm and benefiting Lung Qi
disharmony (Table 12.1).
ung Yin while Flos Farfarae is more effective in
stopping cough.
Combining these herbs reinforces their
HERBA ELSHOLTZIAE AND SEMEN
actions in the treatment of productive
DOLICHORIS
N cough.
XiangRu and Bian Dou

Herba Elsholtziae is pungent and warm in

nature and thus Releases the Exterior and SEMEN ARMENIACAE AMARUM AND
ion of the disperses Cold, but it is also aromatic and RADIX PEUCEDANI

In combi- thus dispels Summer Heat and resolves Xing Ren and Qian Hu
d they are Dampness. Semen Dolichoris dispels
ivasion of Summer Heat and eliminates Dampness. Both herbs stimulate the Lung's descending
nbination In combination they are indicated for the and dispersing functions to stop cough.
lelliae for common cold and diarrhoea due to invasion Semen Armeniacae Amarum is more effec
legm, and of Summer Heat, or of Dampness in the tive in sending Lung Qi downward while
Fibrosum, Summer and Autumn. Better therapeutic Radix Peucedani is more effective in stimu
Radix results may be obtained with the addition of lating the Lung's dispersing function. In
;e due to Herba Agastachis and Cortex Magnoliae combination their antitussive action is

Officinalis. potentiated and they are indicated for cough

and wheeze due to a failure of Lung Qi to
disperse and descend.
RADIX STEMONAE AND RADIX
PLATYCODI
SEMEN PERILLAE AND SEMEN
Bat Bu and Jie Geng
ARMENIACAE AMARUM
athogenic Radix Stemonae moistens the Lung and
Su Zi and Xing Ren
Bupleuri stops cough. Radix Platycodi resolves
nd treats Phlegm, stimulates the Lung's dispersing Semen Perillae stops cough and wheeze by
Puerariae function, stops cough and eases the throat. stimulating the Lung's descending function
md treats
y due to
Table 12.1 Actions and indications of Radix Bupleuri in combination with other herbs

reducing
Radix Bupleuri This combination has two actions:
c factors + Radix Puerariae a. it reduces Heat and dispels Indicated for headache, fever, and
ited and pathogenic factors from the neck rigidity due to invasion of
le, fever, muscles Wind-Heat

of Wind b. it raises Yang Qi Indicated for diarrhoea and loose

stool due to Sinking of Spleen Qi
ier after

Radix Bupleuri This combination harmonizes Indicated for alternating chills

ig Qi and
+ Radix Scutellariae Shao Yang and fever, and fullness and
to treat discomfort in the costal and
sinking of hypochondriac regions
 Pn>I 2: loml>nidtu>iif.of\<»iwion Chineeherlv

of Semen Armeniacae Amarum in combination with other herbs

Semen Armeniacae Amarum
I U'rba Ephedrae
This combination stimulates the Stops cough and wheeze due
dispersing function of the Lungs
to invasion of Wind-Cold
to stop cough and wheeze

Seme,, Armemacae Amarum Semen Armeniacae Amarum

Stops cough and wheeze due
T K<ldlx Peuc^!™' stimulates the descending function, to failure of Lung Qi to
while Radix Peucedani stimulates disperse and descend
the dispersing function

?£mcn Znur Am<irLim STen Armt'niCT/marUm Stimul'^eS

JSP"811* and descending; Semen
*°P* cough and wheeze due
to retention of Cold and
enllae stimulates the descending Phlegm in the LunKs
function and resolves Phlegm

and resolving Phlegm. Semen Armeniacae

Amarum stops cough and wheeze by stimu ! CORTEX MORI RADIOS AND SEMEN
lating the Lung's dispersing and descending LEPIDII SEU DESCURAINIAE
functions. The combination of the two is Sang Bai Pi and Ting Li Zi
indicated for cough and wheeze due to
retention of Cold and Phlegm in the Lungs These herbs combine to clear Lung Heat and
(Table 12.2). 5 soothe wheeze and are indicated for cough
I't and wheeze due to Phlegm Fire and
pulmonary oedema.
I SEMEN PERILLAE AND SEMEN LEPIDII
SEU DESCURAINIAE
Su Zi and Ting Li Zi
CORTEX MORI RADIOS AND RADIX
- These herbs combine to stimulate the
. 'C
SCUTELLARIAE
descending function of the Lung, clear Lung
Heat and soothe wheezing. They are Sang Bai Pi and Huang Qin
indicated for shortness of breath, cough
These herbs combine to clear Lung Heat and
and wheeze due to retention of Phlegm
Fluid. stop cough and are indicated for cough due
to Heat or Fire in the Lung.

Table 12.3 Actions and indications of Herba Ephedrae in combinat.on with other herbs
Herba Ephedrae This combination Releases the
+ Kamulus Cinnamomi Indicated for Wind-Cold
Exterior, induces diaphoresis,
invasion with absence
disperses Cold and relieves
of sweating, and for
pain
Cold Bi Syndrome
Herba Ephedrae This combination stimulates the
+ Semen Armeniacae Indicated for cough due
dispersing function of the Lungs
Amarum to invasion of Wind-Cold
to stop cough and wheeze
Herba Ephedrae Herba Ephedrae stimulates the dispersing
+ Semen Ginkgo Indicated for cough,
function of the Lungs while Semen Ginkgo wheeze and dyspnoea
astnnges the Lungs and resolves
Phlegm

Herba Ephedrae
Herba Ephedrae stimulates the dispersing Indicated for cough and
+ Lumbricus function of the Lungs while
wheeze due (o retention of
Lumbricus clears Heat and resolves
Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
Phlegm
 Herbs that Release the Exterior 57

HERBA EPHEDRAE AND RADIX

:edue SCUTELLARIAE
:oid
Ma Huang and Huang Qin

:edue Herba Ephedrae is pungent and warm in

to nature and stops cough and wheeze by
I stimulating the Lung's dispersing function.
Radix Scutellariae is bitter and cold in nature
:edue and stops cough by clearing Lung Heat.
nd When used together, Radix Scutellariae
modifies the warm nature of Herba
Ephedrae and the common action of both
herbs in stopping cough and wheeze is
potentiated. This combination is especially
appropriate for cough and wheeze when
there is Exterior Cold and Interior Heat.
■EMEN

■ HERBA EPHEDRAE AND LUMBRICUS

• Ma Huang and Di Long

Heat and
for cough — In combination, these substances stimulate
Fire and the Lung's dispersing function, clear Heat
and resolve Phlegm. This combination is
thus indicated for cough and wheeze due to
Retention of Phlegm Heat in the Lung.

LADIX
■ HERBA EPHEDRAE AND SEMEN
GINKGO

• Ma Huang and Bai Guo

Heat and
— Herba Ephedrae stimulates the Lung's
ough due
dispersing function, while Semen Ginkgo
astringes the Lung and resolves Phlegm. In
combination, they are indicated for cough,
wheeze and shortness of breath (Table 12.3).

Zold
leeze

ion of
.ungs
 58

13 Herbs that clear Heat

GYPSUM FIBROSUM AND RHIZOMA GYPSUM FIBROSUM AND RHIZOMA

ANEMARRHENAE CIMICIFUGAE

Shi Gao and Zhi Mu Shi Gao and Sheng Ma

- Both substances clear Full Heat from the Qi Gypsum Fibrosum clears Stomach Fire.
level. Gypsum Fibrosum is extremely cold in Rhizoma Cimicifugae clears Fire and Fire
nature. It clears Heat and Fire, particularly Poison. In combination they are indicated
from the Lung and Stomach, and relieves for painful and swollen gums or mouth
restlessness. Rhizoma Anemarrhenae not ulcers due to Stomach Fire.
only clears Heat and Fire but also nourishes
Yin and promotes Body Fluids. When
combined, their action of clearing Heat from
the Qi level is potentiated and they are
indicated for: RHIZOMA ANEMARRHENAE AND
1. pathogenic Heat at the Qi level with BULBUS FRITILLARIAE
symptoms of high fever, restlessness,
Zhi Mu and Bei Mu
. '\ thirst and profuse sweating
2. cough and wheeze due to Full Heat in the Both herbs clear Lung Heat; Bulbus
Lungs Fritillariae also moistens dryness, resolves
3. toothache, haematemesis and epistaxis Phlegm and stops cough. In combination
due to Stomach Heat or Fire they are indicated for cough due to
4. consumption of Body Fluids due to Lung Heat or Yin Deficiency with Empty
Full Heat in the Lung and Stomach Heat.
with symptoms of thirst, a desire to
drink large quantities and loss of body
weight.

RHIZOMA ANEMARRHENAE AND

CORTEX PHEIXODENDRI
GYPSUM FIBROSUM, HERBA ASARI
Zhi Mu and Huang Bai
AND RADIX ANGELICAE
DAHURICAE - Rhizoma Anemarrhenae nourishes Yin and
Shi Gao, Xi Xin and Bai Zhi clears Fire while Cortex Phellodendri clears
Empty Fire. In combination they are
■ Gypsum Fibrosum clears Stomach Heat indicated for spermatorrhoea and tidal fever
and Fire. Herba Asari and Radix due to Kidney Yin Deficiency with Empty
Angelicae Dahuricae are pungent and Fire.
scattering in nature and relieve pain. With the addition of Cortex Cinnamomi,
The three substances in combination this combination nourishes the Kidneys,
relieve pain due to Heat or Fire in the stimulates the transformation of Water
Stomach. They are indicated for tooth and promotes diuresis and is thus
ache and headache due to Stomach Heat indicated for urinary dysfunction and
and Fire. oedema.
 Herbs that clear Heat 59

epigastric pain and acid regurgitation

RHIZOMA COPTIDIS AND RADIX
due to disharmony between the Liver and
SCUTELLARIAE
Stomach.
Huang Lian and Huang Qin

Both herbs clear Heat, Fire, Fire Poison

RADIX SCUTELLARIAE AND RADIX
and Damp-Heat. Radix Scutellariae works
PAEONIAE ALBA
on the Upper Burner while Rhizoma
Coptidis works on the Middle Burner. They Huang Qin and Bai Shao
are often used in combination to treat
Radix Scutellariae clears Heat from the
retention of Heat and Fire in the Upper
intestines to stop diarrhoea and dysentery
and Middle Burners, Retention of Damp-
while Radix Paeoniae A3ba harmonizes the
Heat in the intestines and retention of Fire
:oma Blood and relaxes spasm. In combination
Poison.
they are indicated for abdominal pain
and dysentery, especially with blood in the
stool.
■ RHIZOMA COPTIDIS AND RADIX
ich Fire, AUCKLANDIA
and Fire
indicated • Huang Lian and Mu Xiang RADIX SCUTELLARIAE AND

>r mouth RHIZOMA ATRACTYLODIS

— Rhizoma Coptidis clears Heat, dries
MACROCEPHALAE
Dampness and stops dysentery while Radix
Aucklandia regulates Qi, relieves pain and Huang Qin and Bai Zhu
stops dysentery. In combination the action of
Radix Scutellariae clears Heat and prevents
clearing Heat from the intestines and
miscarriage while Rhizoma Atractylodis
stopping dysentery is potentiated and they
Macrocephalae tonifies Qi, invigorates the
ND are indicated for dysentery and abdominal
Spleen and prevents miscarriage. In combi
pain due to retention of Damp-Heat in the
nation their action of preventing miscarriage
intestines.
is potentiated and they are thus indicated for
threatened abortion.
Bulbus
resolves
RHIZOMA COPTIDIS AND CORTEX
nbination
CINNAMOMI CORTEX PHELLODENDRI AND
due to
FRUCTUS GARDENIAE
h Empty Huang Lian and Rou Gui

Rhizoma Coptidis clears Heart Fire while Huang Bai and Zhi Zi

Cortex Cinnamomi warms Kidney Yang and Both herbs clear Damp-Heat and relieve
conducts Ming Men Fire to its source. In jaundice. Cortex Phellodendri strongly
combination they harmonize the Heart and clears Heat and dries Dampness
while
Kidneys and are indicated for insomnia due Fructus Gardeniae drains Dampness and
ND
to disharmony between the Heart and relieves urinary disturbance. In combination
Kidneys. they are indicated for jaundice due to reten
tion of Damp-Heat and for urinary distur
bance with turbid urine due to Damp-Heat
i Yin and
RHIZOMA COPTIDIS AND FRUCTUS in the Lower Burner.
dri clears
they are EVODIAE
idal fever
Huang Lian and Wu Zhu Yu
RADIX GENTIANAE, FRUCTUS
;h Empty
Rhizoma Coptidis is bitter and cold in GARDENIAE AND RADIX
nature; it clears Stomach Heat and stops REHMANNIAE
inamomi,
Kidneys, vomiting. Fructus Evodiae is pungent and
Long Dan Cao, Zhi Zi and Sheng Di
rf Water hot in nature; it enters the Liver Channel and
conducts Rebellious Qi downward to stop Radix Gentianae and Fructus Gardeniae
is thus
vomiting. This combination is indicated for clear Liver Fire. Radix Rehmanniae not only
:ion and
vomiting due to Stomach Heat and for clears Heat but also nourishes Yin, thus
60 Part 2: Combinations of common Chinese herbs
preventing the first two herbs
damaging the Yin. This combination is
indicated for Liver Fire with symptoms
of headache, red eyes, hypochondriac pain
and jaundice and for Damp-Heat in the
Lower Burner with symptoms of leucor-
rhoea and urinary disturbance with turbid
urine.
CORTEX MOUTAN RADICIS AND
FRUCTUS GARDENIAE
Dan Pi and Zhi Zi
- Both of these herbs clear Liver Fire and
cool Blood. This combination is thus
indicated for Liver Qi Stagnation turning to
Fire, or retention of Heat in the Liver
Channel, with symptoms of hypochondriac
pain, a bitter taste in the mouth, red eyes
and headache, and for Heat in the Blood
with symptoms of haematemesis and
epistaxis.
SPICA PRUNELLAE AND FLOS
CHRYSANTHEMI
Xia Ku Cao and Ju Hua
■ Both herbs clear Liver Heat, pacify the Liver
and improve vision. This combination is
thus indicated for Liver Fire with symptoms
of headache and eye disease, or Liver Yang
Rising with symptoms of headache, dizzi
ness and vertigo.
I SPICA PRUNELLAE, RADIX
SCROPHULARIAE, BULBUS
FRITILLARIAE, SARGASSUM AND
THALLUS LAMINARIAE SEU
ECKLONIAE
Xia Ku Cao, Xuan Shen, Bei Mu, Hai Zao
and Kun Bu
■ Spica Prunellae clears Liver Fire and
disperses masses. Radix Scrophulariae
nourishes Yin and clears Fire and Poison.
Bulbus Fritiliariae, Sargassum and
Thallus Laminariae seu Eckloniae resolve
Phlegm and soften hard masses. The combi
nation of these herbs is indicated for tuber
culosis of the lymph nodes, goitre and
tumours.
from
FLOS LONICERAE AND FRUCTUS
FORSYTHIAE
Jin Yin Hua and Lian Qiao
Both herbs clear Heat and Fire Poison and
this action is potentiated when they are used
in combination. They are indicated for Heat
and Fire Poison at the Defensive (Wei) and
Qi levels and for carbuncles, boils and
ulcers.
■ FOLIUM ISATIDIS OR RADIX ISATIDIS
AND RADIX GENTIANAE
• Da Qing Ye or Ban Lan Gen and Long Dan
Cao
— Folium and Radix Isatidis clear Heat and
Fire Poison and are antiviral. Radix
Gentianae clears Heat and Fire and stops
convulsion. This combination is indicated
for febrile diseases with Fire Poison,
headache, convulsion and spasm due to
high fever.
HERBA VIOLAE AND HERBA
TARAXACI
Zi Hua Di Ding and Pu Gong Ying
Both clear Heat and Fire Poison and are thus
indicated for sores and ulcers due to Fire
Poison and for various infections.
CAULIS SARGENTODOXAE AND
HERBA PATRUBIAE, AND RADIX ET
RHIZOMA RHEI AND CORTEX
MOUTAN RADICIS
Hong Teng and Bat Jiang Cai, and Da
Huang and Dan Pi
These combinations clear Heat and Poison.
They are indicated for acute appendicitis
and pelvic inflammation.
■ RADIX PULSATILLAE, CORTEX
FRAXINI AND RHIZOMA COPTIDIS
• Bai Tou Weng, Qin Pi and Huang Lian
— This combination clears Heat and Fire
Poison from the intestines, cools Blood and
stops dysentery. It is indicated for dysentery
 Herbs that clear Heat 61

Table 13.1 Actions and indications of Rhizoma Coptidis, in combination with other herbs
JS
Rhizoma Coptidis Rhizoma Coptidis clears Heat from Indicated for Heat in the Upper
+ Radix Scutellariae the Middle Burner; Radix Scutellariae and Middle Burners, Damp-Heat in
clears Heat from the Upper Burner the intestines and Fire Poison

ison and
Rhizoma Coptidis Rhizoma Coptidis clears Heat and Damp; Indicated for dysentery or abdominal
are used Radix Aucklandiae regulates Qi and pain due to Damp-Heat in the
+ Radix Aucklandiae
for Heat relieves pain; both treat dysentery intestines
tVei) and
Rhizoma Coptidis Rhizoma Coptidis clears Heart Fire; Cortex Indicated for insomnia due to
oils and
+ Cortex Cinnamomi Cinnamomi warms Kidney Yang and disharmony between the Heart
conducts Ming Men Fire back to its source and Kidneys

Rhizoma Coptidis Rhizoma Coptidis clears Stomach Heat Indicated for vomiting due to Stomach
ATIDIS + Fructus Evodiae and stops vomiting; Fructus Evodiae enters Heat, epigastric pain and acid reflux
the Liver and regulates Rebellious Qi due to disharmony between the
Liver and Stomach

tgDan
Rhizoma Coptidis All three herbs cool Blood, and clear Indicated for dysentery with bloody
+ Radix Pulsatillae Heat and Fire Poison from the intestines stool due to Fire Poison
+ Cortex Fraxini
teat and
. Radix
Rhizoma Coptidis Both herbs clear Heat and Damp Indicated for epigastric and abdominal
nd stops + Cortex Magnoliae distension and pain due to
ndicated Officinalis Damp-Heat and for Damp-Heat
Poison, febrile disease

due to

with blood in the stool due to Fire Poison

RADIX REHMANNIAE AND RADIX
{Table 13.1).
SCROPHULARIAE

Sheng Di and Xuan Shen

INDIGO NATURALIS AND POWDER This combination clears Heat, cools Blood,
OF CONCHA MERETRICIS SEU
nourishes Yin and promotes Body Fluids. It
i are thus CYLINAE
is thus indicated for febrile disease at the
e to Fire
Qing Dai and Ge Fen Nutritive (Ying) and Blood levels and for
constipation due to Liver and Kidney Yin
Indigo Naturalis clears Liver Fire and
Deficiency.
cools Blood. Powder of Concha Meretricis
D seu Cylinae clears Phlegm Heat. In combina
XET tion they clear Lung Heat and Liver Fire
and cool Blood to stop bleeding. This combi HERBA ARTEMISIAE CHINGHAO AND
nation is indicated for cough and haemopt CARAPAX TRIONYCIS
hi
ysis due to invasion of the Lung by Liver
Qing Hao and Bie Jia
Fire.
This combination nourishes Yin and clears
i Poison.
Heat and is thus indicated for tidal fever and
>endicitis ■ CORNU RHINOCERIASIATICI AND night sweats due to Yin Deficiency with
RADIX REHMANNIAE Empty Heat.

• Xi Jiao and Sheng Di

— This combination clears Heat and cobls

[DIS Blood and is thus indicated for febrile HERBA ARTEMISIAE CHINGHAO AND
disease at the Blood level and for RADIX SCUTELLARIAE
haematemesis and epistaxis due to Heat in
Qing Hao and Huang Qin
md Fire the Blood. Its action is further strengthened
lood and by the addition of Cortex Moutan Radicis This combination clears Heat and harmo
[ysentery and Radix Paeoniae Rubra. nizes Shao Yang and is indicated for alter-
 62 Part 2: Combination* of common Chinese herb:

nating fever and chills, severe fever and mild

chills, or fever without chills.

RADIX STELLARIAE AND CORTEX

LYCII RADIOS

Yin Chai Hu and Di Gu Pi

This combination clears Empty Heat and is

thus indicated for Yin Deficiency with
Empty Heat and tidal fever.

RADIX GENTIANAE MACROPHYLLAE

AND CARAPAX TRIONYCIS

Qin ]iao and Bie jia

Both herbs clear Empty Heat and this action

is potentiated when the two are used in
combination. In addition, Radix Gentianae
Macrophyllae eliminates Wind-Damp, and
Carapax Trionycis nourishes Yin. This
combination is indicated for Yin or Blood
Deficiency with Empty Heat, tidal fever and
painful joints due to Wind and Dampness.

■ -c
 63

Purgative and digestive herbs

the two changes the action of Rhei from

■ RADIX ET RHIZOMA RHEI AND
purging by Cold to purging by Warmth. The
NATRII SULFAS
combination is thus indicated for constipa
• Da Huang and Mang Xiao tion due to stagnation of Cold.

— Radix et Rhizoma Rhei clears Heat and Fire

and purges accumulation. Natrii Sulfas RADIX ET RHIZOMA RHEI, SEMEN
softens hardness and promotes the PERSICAE AND CORTEX MOUTAN
discharge of dry faeces. Their mutual action RADIOS
of clearing Heat and relieving constipation is
potentiated when they are used in combina Da Huang, Tao Ren and Dan Pi

tion. These herbs combine to invigorate Blood

— This combination is indicated for febrile
disease with high fever and constipation due
to retention of Heat in the intestines. These
two herbs are also applied externally in the
form of a powder to treat appendicitis,
carbuncles, boils and ulcers.
circulation and resolve Blood Stasis. This
combination is thus indicated for various
patterns of Blood Stagnation, including
appendicitis, pain due to trauma and
abdominal pain due to stagnation of Qi and
Blood.

RADIX ET RHIZOMA RHEI AND RADIX RADIX ET RHIZOMA RHEI AND

ACONITI PRAEPARATA EUPOLYPHAGA SEU STELEOPHAGA

Da Huang and Fu Zi Da Huang and Di Bie Chong

Rhei purges stagnation while Aconiti warms Both substances invigorate Blood circulation
the Interior and disperses Cold. Combining and resolve Blood Stasis in the collaterals.

Table 14.1 Actions and indications of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei in combination with other herbs

Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Radix et Rhizoma Rhei clears Heat Indicated for febrile disease with
+ Natrii Sulfas and purges accumulation; Natrii constipation due to retention of
Sulfas softens hardness and Heat in the intestines
promotes discharge of faeces

Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Radix et Rhizoma Rhei purges Indicated for constipation due to
+ Radix Aconiti Praeparata stagnation; Radix Aconiti Praeparata stagnation of Cold
warms the Interior and disperses Cold

Radix et Rhizoma Rhei All three herbs invigorate Indicated for various patterns of
+ Semen Persicae Blood and resolve Stasis Blood Stagnation, especially in the
+ Cortex Moutan Radicis Lower Burner

Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
+ Eupolyphaga seu
Steleophaga
Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga
resolves Blood Stasis and promotes
the healing of sprains and
fractures; Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
invigorates Blood and resolves Stasis
Indicated for amenorrhoea and
palpable abdominal masses and for
traumatic injury
 64 Part 2: Combinations of common Chinese herbs

Eupolyphaga seu Stelelophaga also promotes harmonizes the Stomach, stops diarrhoea
the healing of sprains and fractures and and clears Heat.
disperses palpable masses due to Blood — This combination promotes digestion and
Stasis. harmonizes the Middle Burner and is
This combination is indicated for amenor- indicated for Retention of Food with
rhoea and palpable abdominal masses symptoms of diarrhoea, dysentery, epigas
due to Blood Stasis and for swelling and tric distension, abdominal pain, foul
pain due to stagnation of Blood following belching and fever.
traumatic injury (Table 14.1).

■ RADIX AUCKLANDIAE, SEMEN

I FRUCTUS CANNABIS, SEMEN PRUNI, ARECAE AND FRUCTUS AURANTII
RADIX ANGELICAE SINENSIS AND IMMATURUS
RADIX REHMANNIAE
• Mu Xiang, Bing Long and Zhi Shi
Huo Ma Ren, Yu Li Ren, Dang Gui and
ShengDi — Radix Aucklandiae regulates Qi while
Semen Arecae and Fructus Aurantii
- Fructus Cannabis, Semen Pruni and Radix Immaturus promote digestion and resolve
Angelicae Sinensis moisten the intestines Stagnation. This combination is indicated for
and relieve constipation; Radix Angelicae Retention of Food and Stagnation of Qi
Sinensis and Radix Rehmanniae nourish marked by abdominal distention and pain,
Blood and Yin and moisten dryness. Their and dysentery.
action of moistening the intestines to relieve
constipation is potentiated when they are
used in combination.
■ This combination is indicated for dry consti
pation due to old age, weak constitution and
h\ deficiency of Blood and Body Fluids. If
constipation is caused by weakness in trans
mission due to Spleen Qi Deficiency, add
large doses of Rhizoma Atractylodis
Macrocephalae.

FRUCTUS ORYZAE GERMINATUS

AND FRUCTUS HORDEI
GERMINATUS

Gu Ya and Mai Ya

These herbs combine to promote digestion

and harmonize the Stomach and are thus
indicated for poor appetite, Retention of
Food and dyspepsia.

FRUCTUS CRATAEGI, MASSA

FERMENTATA AND FRUCTUS HORDEI
GERMINATUS

Shan Zha, Shen Qu and Mai Ya

Fructus Crataegi promotes the digestion of

meat, invigorates the Stomach and stops
dysentery- Massa Fermentata and Fructus
Hordei Ccrminatus promote the digestion of
rice and wheat. Massa Fermentata also
 65

iarrhoea

ion and
Herbs that relieve Bi syndromes
and is
d with
epigas-
i, foul

Til
RHIZOMA SEU RADIX NOTOPTERYGII ■ RAMULUS CINNAMOMI, RADIX

AND RADIX ANGELICAE PAEONIAE ALBA AND RHIZOMA

PUBESCENTIS ANEMARRHENAE

i while Qiang Huo and Du Huo • Gui Zhi, Bai Shao and Zhi Mu
Aurantii
Both herbs Release the Exterior, expel Wind — This combination clears Heat, removes
resolve
and disperse Cold and Dampness. Rhizoma obstruction from the channels and relieves
:ated for
seu Radix Notopterygii is more effective in pain. It is thus indicated for Febrile Bi. If
i of Qi
treating Bi syndromes of the upper body Heat is severe, add Gypsum Fibrosum and
id pain,
while Radix Angelicae Pubescentis is more Cortex Phellodendri. If both Heat and Cold
effective in treating Bi syndromes of the are combined, add Radix Aconiti
lower body. When used in combination their Kusnezoffii (Oman Cao Wu) and Herba
effectiveness in treating Bi syndromes is Ephedrae.
enhanced.
This combination is indicated for Cold-
Damp Bi. It is also combined with herbs that FRUCTUS CHAENOMELIS AND RADIX
Release the Exterior to treat Exterior patterns ACHYRANTHIS BIDENTATAE
complicated with Dampness, and headache
Mu Gua and Niu Xi
due to invasion of Wind, Cold and
Dampness. This combination relaxes the tendons,
activates Qi and Blood circulation and elimi
nates Dampness. It is indicated for Bi
RADIX GENTIANAE MACROPHYLLAE syndrome affecting the lower limbs.
AND RADIX CLEMATIDIS

Qin Jiao and Wei Ling Xian

RADIX LEDEBOURIELLAE AND RADIX
This combination removes obstruction in the STEPHANIAE TETRANDRAE
collaterals and stops pain and is indicated
Fang Feng and Fang Ji
for Wandering Bi syndromes.
Radix Ledebouriellae expels Wind and
relieves pain while Stephandrae Tetrandrae
■ RADIX GENTIANAE MACROPHYLLAE, expels Dampness and relieves joint pain.
RADIX STEPHANIAE TETRANDRAE, This combination is indicated for Wind-
RADIX REHMANNIAE AND RAMULUS Damp Bi syndromes.

LORANTHI

• Qin Jiao, Fang Ji, Sheng Di and Sang Ji
Sheng
— This combination treats Bi syndrome and
clears Heat and is thus indicated for Febrile
Bi. A stronger therapeutic effect will be
obtained with the addition of Lumbricus
and Rhizoma Anemarrhenae.
HERBA SIEGESBECKIAE AND FOLIUM
CLERODENDRI TRICHOTOMI
Xi Xian Cao and Chou Wu Tong
This combination treats Bi syndrome and
lowers blood pressure. It is indicated for
Damp Bi syndrome and for hypertension,
66 Part 2. Combination* of common Chim^c herbs

headache, dizziness and vertigo, numbness of the limbs and particularly the upper
of the limbs and hemipilegia. limbs.

ZAOCYS AND SCOLOPENDRA

Wu Shao She and Wu Gong

■ This combination expels Wind and removes

obstruction from the channels. It is indicated
for chronic and stubborn Bi syndromes. A
stronger action will be obtained if Bungarus
Parvus (Bui Hua She) is substituted for
Zaocys. Scorpio, Eupolyphaga seu
Stcieophaga and Lumbricus may be substi
tuted for Scolopendra.

I RADIX ANGELICAE PUBESCENTIS

AND RAMULUS LORANTHI

Du Huo and Sang Ji Sheng

- This combination treats lower back pain and

chronic Bi syndrome complicated with
deficiency of Defensive (Wei) Qi. The thera
peutic action is strengthened by the addition
of Radix Dipsaci, Rhizoma Cibotii and
Cortex Acanthopanacis Radicis. For concur
rent Qi and Blood Deficiency, add Radix
Astragali seu Hedysari and Radix Angelicae
Sinensis.

I RADIX ANGELICAE PUBESCENTIS,

RAMULUS LORANTHI, ZAOCYS AND
SCOLOPENDRA

Du Huo, Sang }i Sheng, Wu Shao She and

Wu Gong

- This combination tonifies the Liver and

Kidneys, strengthens tendons and bones,
removes obstruction from the channels and
eases the joints. It is indicated for chronic Bi
syndromes with deficiency of Defensive
(Wei1) Qi and for rheumatoid arthritis with
deformity of the joints.

RADIX GENTIANAE MACROPHYLLAE,

RAMULUS CINNAMOMI AND
RAMULUS MORI

Qin Jiao, Gui Zhi and Sang Zhi

This combination goes to the tour limbs,

removes obstruction from the channels and
relieves pain. It is indicated for Bi syndromes
 67

Herbs that resolve and drain

upper

Dampness

Cortex Phellodendri dries Dampness and

HERBA AGASTACHIS AND HERBA
clears Heat, especially from the Lower
EUPATORII
Burner. This combination is indicated for all
Huo Xiang and Pei Lati Damp-Heat patterns of the Lower Burner,
including flaccidity and motor impairment
This combination fragrantly resolves
of the lower limbs, Damp-Heat Bi syndrome,
Summer Heat and Dampness, and is thus
Damp-Heat leucorrhoea, suppurating skin
indicated for Summer Heat, Dampness and
infections and eczema on the lower body.
Damp-Heat patterns.

RHIZOMA ATRACTYLODIS, GYPSUM

RHIZOMA ATRACTYLODIS AND
FIBROSUM AND RHIZOMA
CORTEX MAGNOUAE OFFICINALIS
ANEMARRHENAE
Cang Zhu and Hou Po
Cang Zhu, Shi Gao andZhiMu
The bitter, warm and dry nature of this
Rhizoma Atractylodis dries Dampness and
combination dries Dampness, invigorates
treats Bi syndrome; Gypsum Fibrosum and
the Spleen and relieves distension and
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae clear Heat and Fire.
fullness. It is indicated for fullness and
This combination is indicated for Damp-
distending pain in the epigastrium and
Heat febrile diseases and Damp-Heat Bi
abdomen and for diarrhoea due to invasion
syndromes (Table 16.1).
of the Middle Burner by External Dampness.

RHIZOMA ATRACTYLODIS AND ■ CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS

CORTEX PHELLODENDRI AND RHIZOMA COPTIDIS

Cang Zhu and Huang Bai • Hou Po and Huang Lian

Rhizoma Actractylodis dries Dampness; — This combination clears Heat and dries

Table 16.1 Actions and indications of Rhizoma Atractylodis in combination with other herbs

Rhizoma Atractylodis Both herbs dry Damp, invigorate Indicated for epigastric and
+ Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis the Spleen and relieve fullness abdominal fullness, and diarrhoea
and distension due to External Damp invading
the Middle Burner

Rhizoma Atractylodis Rhizoma Atractylodis works Indicated for Damp-Heat patterns

+ Cortex Phellodendri on the Middle Burner and dries of the Lower Burner
Damp; Cortex Phellodendri works
on the Lower Burner and clears
Heat and Damp

Rhizoma Atractylodis Rhizoma Atractylodis dries Damp; Indicated for febrile disease
+ Gypsum Fibrosum Gypsum Fibrosum and Rhizoma or Bi Syndromes due to
+ Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Anemarrhenae clear Heat Damp-Heat
 Part 2: Combination* of common Chinese hrrb*
dampness. It is indicated for distension and
discomfort in the epigastrium and abdomen,
epigastric pain due to Damp-Heat and
Damp-Heat febrile disease.
SEMEN BENINCASAE AND SEMEN
COICIS
Deng Gua Ren and Yi Yi Ren
- This combination drains Dampness and Fire
Poison. It is indicated for carbuncles, lung
abscess and appendicitis.
SEMEN PLANTAGINIS AND RADIX
ACHYRANTHIS BIDENTATAE
Che Qian Zi and Niu Xi
This combination promotes diuresis and
relieves swelling. It is indicated for oedema
and dysuria.
■ POLYPORUS UMBELLATUS, PORIA
AND RHIZOMA ATRACTYLODIS
MACROCEPHALAE
• Zhu Ling, Fu Ling and Bai Zhu
— This combination promotes diuresis and
relieves swelling. It is indicated for oedema
and dysuria.
I PORIA, RHIZOMA ATRACTYLODIS
MACROCEPHALAE AND RAMULUS
CINNAMOMI
Fu Ling, Bai Zhu and Gui Zhi
- Poria promotes diuresis and drains retained
Water; Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
promotes diuresis and invigorates
Spleen; and Ramulus Cinnamomi promotes
diuresis, drains retained Water and warms
the Yang. This combination is indicated
for oedema and retention of Water and
Phlegm.
GYPSUM FIBROSUM AND RADIX
GLYCYRRHIZAE
Hua Shi and Gan Cao
This combination clears Summer Heat
and drains Dampness. It is indicated for
patterns of Heat, Dampness and Summer
Heat with a sensation of heat and deep
yellow urine.
I CAULIS AKEBIAE, RADIX
REHMANNIAE AND HERBA
LOPHATHERI
1 MuTong, ShengDi and Zhu Ye
- Caulis Akebiae clears Heat and Fire,
promotes diuresis and opens the urinary
passages; Herba Lophatheri clears Heat
and promotes diuresis; and Radix
Rehmanniae nourishes the Yin, thus
preventing Caulis Akebiae from
damaging Body Fluids. This combination
is indicated for painful urination with
scanty deep yellow urine and restlessness,
and for mouth and tongue ulcers due to
Heat in the Heart, Small Intestine and
Bladder.
HERBA LYSIMACHIAE,
SPORA LYGODII AND
ENDOTHELIUM CORNEUM GIGERIAE
GALLI
Jin Qian Cao, Hai fin Sha and Ji Net Jin
This combination resolves stones and
open the urinary passages. It is indicated
for stones in the urinary and biliary
tracts.
I HERBA ARTEMISIAE SCOPARIAE
FRUCTUS GARDENIAE, RADIX
BUPLEURI AND RHIZOMA POLYGONI
CUSPIDATI
the
1 Yin Che Hao, Zhi Zi, Chat Hu and
Hu Zhang
- Herba Artemisiae Scopariae clears Damp-
Heat, soothes the Gall Bladder and relieves
jaundice; Fructus Gardeniae clears Heat and
Dampness and relieves jaundice; Radix
Bupleuri enters the Liver and Gall Bladder
and soothes the Liver; and Rhizoma
Poiygoni Cuspidati clears Heat and Fire
Poison, drains Dampness and relieves
jaundice.
This combination is indicated for Damp-
Heat jaundice.
 Herb* thai resolve and drain Dampness 69

Summer ■ RHIZOMA DIOSCOREAE

nd deep SEPTEMLOBAE, PORIA, FRUCTUS
ALPINIAE OXYPHYLLAE AND RADIX
LINDERAE
I
• Bi Xie, Fu Ling, Yi Zhi Ren and Wu Yao

— Rhizoma Dioscoreae Septemlobae drains

Turbid Dampness and separates the clear
from the turbid; Fructus Alpiniae
Oxyphyllae warms Kidney Yang; Radix

id Fire, Linderae strengthens the Bladder's function

urinary of controlling urine.

irs Heat — This combination is indicated for turbid

Radix urine due to Yang Deficiency, as in chyluria.

n, thus If turbid urine is due to Damp-Heat, replace

from Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae with Cortex

ibination Phellodendri, Semen Plantaginis and

on with Gypsum Fibrosum.

lessness,
; due to
ine and

;eriae

i fin

les and
ndicated
biliary

E,

; Damp-
relieves
leat and
; Radix
Bladder
^hizoma
ind Fire
relieves

Damp-
 70

'\rJ Herbs that resolve Phlegm

Succus Bambusac or Caulis Bambusae in

RHIZOMA PINELLIAE AND
Taeniam it is indicated for patterns of Damp
FERICARPIUM CITRI RETICULATAE
Phlegm and Cold Phlegm.
Ban Xia and Chen Pi

Rhizoma Pinelliae dries Dampness, resolves

Phlegm and conducts Rebellious Qi RHIZOMA PINELLIAE, RHIZOMA

downward to stop vomiting; Pericarpum GASTRODIAE AND RHIZOMA

Citri Reticuiatae dries Dampness, resolves ATRACTYLODIS MACROCEPHALAE

Phlegm, regulates Qi and harmonizes the Ban Xia, Tian Ma and Bai Zhu
Stomach.
This combination is indicated for all Damp Rhizoma Pinelliae dries Dampness and
Phlegm patterns and for epigastric pain, resolves Phlegm; Rhizoma Gastrodiae calms
vomiting and belching due to retention of Liver Wind; Rhizoma Atractylodis
Dampness and Stagnation of Qi. Macrocephalae invigorates the Spleen. This
combination is indicated for dizziness and
vertigo due to Damp Phlegm.
RHIZOMA PINELLIAE AND RHIZOMA
ARISAEMATIS
RHIZOMA PINELLIAE AND BULBUS
Ban Xia and Tian Nan Xing
FRITILLARIAE
This combination dries Dampness and
Ban Xia and Bei Mu
resolves Phlegm. It is indicated for Closed
Wind-Stroke due to Wind Phlegm. When Rhizoma Pinelliae dries Dampness and
combined with Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, resolves Phlegm; Bulbus Fritillariae

Table 17.1 Actions and indications of Rhizoma Pinelliae in combination with other herbs

Rhizoma Pinelliae
+ Pericarpium Citri Reticuiatae
Both herbs dry Damp and resolve
Phlegm; Rhizoma Pinelliae regulates
Rebellious Qi, while Pericarpium
Citri Reticuiatae moves Qi and
harmonizes the Stomach
Indicated for all Damp-Phlegm
patterns and for epigastric pain,
vomiting and belching due to
retention of Damp and
stagnation of Qi

Rhizoma Pinelliae Both herbs dry Damp and resolve Indicated for Wind-Stroke due to
+ Rhizoma Arisaematis Phlegm Wind-Phlegm

Rhizoma PinelJiae
+ Rhizoma Gastrodiae
+ Rhizoma Atractylodis
Macrocephalae
Rhizoma Pinelliae dries Damp and Indicated for dizziness and vertigo
resolves Phlegm; Rhizoma Gastrodiae due to Damp-Phlegm
calms Liver Wind; Rhizoma
Atractylodis Macrocephalae
invigorates the Spleen

Rhizoma Pinelliae Rhizoma Pinelliae dries Damp and Indicated for cough with profuse
+ Bulbus Fritillariae resolves Phlegm; Bulbus Fritillariae sputum
moistens the Lungs, resolves Phlegm
and stops cough

rE COLLEGE-LIBRARY — —
3S Barclay CAro'te
.rietta, GA 3D060
 Herbs that resolve Phlegm

moistens the Lungs, resolves Phlegm and

■ SEMEN SINAPIS ALBAE, FRUCTUS
stops cough. Combining these herbs treats PERILLAE AND SEMEN RAPHANI
the Lungs and Spleen concurrently and
potentiates the action of both herbs in • Bai Jie Zi, Su Zi and Lai Fu Zi
resolving Phlegm to stop cough. I — This combination resolves Phlegm and
This combination is thus indicated for cough conducts Rebellious Qi downward. It is
with profuse sputum (Table 17.1).
indicated for cough and dyspnoea due to
Cold Phlegm.

RHIZOMA ARISAEMATIS AND

RHI2OMA TYPHONII
SEMEN SINAPIS ALBAE, RADIX
ibusae in Tian Nan Xing and Bai Fu Zi EUPHORBIAE KANSUI AND RADIX
. of Damp EUPHORBIAE PEKINENSIS
This combination resolves Wind-Phlegm
and stops convulsion. It is indicated for Bai fie Zi, Gan Sui and Da fi
tetanus and for deviation of the mouth and
Semen Sinapis Albae resolves Phlegm
eye due to invasion by Wind-Phlegm. A
between the skin and the muscles; Radix
stronger therapeutic action will be obtained
Euphorbiae Kansui and Radix Euphorbiae
with the addition of Radix Ledebouriellae
ALAE Pekinensis resolve retained Water. This
and Scorpio.
combination is indicated for retained Water
in the hypochondrium (pleural effusion). It

ness and is administered in the form of powder or

BULBUS FRITIIXARIAE AND FRUCTUS
[iae calms pills.
TRICHOSANTHIS
ractylodis
leen. This Bei Mu and Gua Lou
iness and SEMEN SINAPIS ALBAE AND
Both herbs clear Heat Phlegm, moisten the
RAMULUS CINNAMOMI
Lungs and stop cough, and these actions are
potentiated when the herbs are combined. Bai fie Zi and Gui Zhi
This combination is indicated for patterns of
This combination resolves Phlegm, warms
LBUS Heat Phlegm and Dry Phlegm, including
the channels and removes obstruction from
cough with thick yellow sputum, chronic
the collaterals. It is indicated for painful
dry cough and tuberculosis of the lymph joints and numbness of the limbs and body
nodes.
due to stagnation of Cold Phlegm.
ness and
~ritillariae

■ SARGASSUM AND THALLUS

LAMINARIAE SEU ECKLONIAE

'hlegm • HaiZao and KunBu

stric pain,
; due to — This combination resolves Phlegm and
1 softens hard masses. It is indicated for goitre,
soft masses and tuberculosis of the lymph
nodes.
:edue to

nd vertigo ALUMEN AND RADIX CURCURMAE

Bai Fan and Yu fin

Alumen resolves Phlegm while Radix

Curcumae resolves Stagnation and opens
. profuse the orifices. This combination is indicated
for manic-depressive disorders due to
Turbid Phlegm Misting the Mind. It also
soothes the Gall Bladder and resolves stones.

./*!
 72
18 Herbs that subdue Wind and
calm the Mind
CONCHA HALIOTIDIS AND CONCHA
OSTREAE
Shi Jue Ming and Mu Li
- Both substances are shells that subdue
hyperactive Liver Yang and this action is
potentiated when they are used in combina
tion. They are indicated for Liver Yang
Rising giving rise to headache, dizziness and
vertigo, or Liver Wind.
I CORNU ANTELOPIS AND RAMULUS
UNCARIAE CUM UNCIS
Ling Yang Jiao and Gou Teng
-Cornu Antelopis clears Heat, calms and
cools the Liver and subdues Wind; these
actions are potentiated when it is combined
I <(
with Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis.
■ This combination is indicated for convul
sion, dizziness and vertigo, headache and
red eyes due to Liver Fire, Liver Yang Rising
and Liver Wind.
RHIZOMA GASTRODIAE AND
RAMULUS UNCARIAE CUM UNCIS
Tian Ma and Gou Teng
■ This combination calms the Liver and
subdues Wind. It is indicated for headache,
dizziness and vertigo due to Liver Yang
Rising and for convulsion, dizziness and
vertigo due to Liver Wind.
■ SCORPIO, SCOLOPENDRA AND
BOMBYX BATRYTICATUS
• QuanXie,Wu Gong and Jiang Can
— All of these substances are insects that
subdue Wind, and their actions of stopping
convulsion, removing obstruction from the
collaterals and relieving pain are potentiated
when they are used in combination.
— This combination is indicated for Excess-
type Liver Wind, giving rise to convulsions,
as in tetanus, Wind-Stroke and infantile
convulsion.
— For Deficiency-type Liver Wind, decrease
the dosage and add tonics to the prescrip
tion. If Liver Wind is due to Yin Deficiency,
add herbs that nourish the Yin. For chronic
convulsion in children due to Spleen
Deficiency, add herbs that tonify and invigo
rate the Spleen.
I FRUCTUS LYCII AND FLOS
CHRYSANTHEMI
Gou QiZi andJuHua
- Fructus Lycii nourishes Liver and Kidney
Yin and improves vision. Flos Chrysanthemi
clears Wind-Heat and Liver Heat, calms the
Liver and improves vision.
■ This combination is indicated for eye disor
ders due to Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency
and for headache, dizziness and vertigo due
to Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency leading
to Liver Yang Rising and Liver Wind.
■ CONCHA OSTREAE, PLASTRUM
TESTUDINIS, CARAPAX TRIONYCIS,
RADIX REHMANNIAE AND RADIX
PAEONIAE ALBA
• Mu Li, Gni Ban, Bie }ia, Sheng Di and Bai
Shao
— Ostreae, Plastrum Testudinis and Carapax
Trionycis are three shells that subdue hyper
active Yang. Plastrum Testudinis and
Carapax Trionycis are salty and cold in
nature and nourish (he Yin; this action is
 Herbs thai subdue Wind and calm the Mind 73

potentiated when they are combined with Fire and improves vision. It is indicated

i Radix
Alba.
Rehmanniae and Radix Paeoniae for red eyes and headache due to Liver
Fire.
This combination is indicated for consump
tion of Body Fluids at the late stage oi! febrile
disease and for tremor of the hands and
feet due to Yin Deficiency leading to Liver
CORNU ANTELOPIS, FRUCTUS LYCII
Wind.
AND HERBA DENDROBII

Ling Yang Jiao, Gou Qi Zi and Shi Hu

RHIZOMA GASTRODIAE, CORTEX
This combination nourishes Yin, clears Liver
EUCOMMIAE AND RAMULUS
from the Heat and improves vision. It is indicated for
LORANTHI
itentiated blurred vision and other eye disorders due
Tian Ma, Dm Zhong and Sang Ji Sheng to Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency with
r Excess- Empty Heat.
Rhizoma Gastrodiae not only calms the
vulsions,
Liver and subdues Wind but also removes
infantile
obstruction from the collaterals and treats Bi
syndromes. Cortex Eucommiae and
decrease ■ HAEMATITUM, CONCHA OSTREAE
Ramulus Loranthi tonify the Liver and
prescrip- AND RADIX ACHYRANTHIS
Kidneys, strengthen the lower back and
eficiency,
knees and lower blood pressure. BIDENTATAE
r chronic
This combination is indicated for sore and
> Spleen • Zhe Shi, Mu Li and Niu Xi
weak lower back and knees, Bi syndromes,
d invigo- — Haematitum and Concha Ostreae calm the
and hypertension due to Kidney Deficiency
with symptoms of lumbar soreness, dizzi Liver and subdue hyperactive Liver Yang
ness and vertigo, and numbness of the limbs and Liver Wind. Radix Achyranthis
and body (Table 18.1). Bidentatae assists Haematitum to conduct
Fire downward.
— This combination is indicated for headache,
CORNU ANTELOPIS, RADIX dizziness and vertigo, burning pain in the
GENTIANAE AND CONCHA head, tinnitus, redness of the face and
1 Kidney HALIOTIDIS restlessness due to Yin Deficiency, Liver
santhemi Yang and Liver Wind. A stronger thera
Ling Yang Jiao, Long Dan Cao and Shi Jue
:alms the peutic action will be obtained with the
Ming
addition of Magnetitum and Radix Paeoniae
■ye disor- This combination clears Liver Heat and Alba.
>eficiency
rtigo due
y leading Table 18.1 Actions and indications of Rhizoma Gastnxliae in combination with other herbs
d.
Rhizoma Gastrodiae Rhizoma Pinelliae dries Damp Indicated for dizziness and
+ Rhizoma Pinelliae and resolves Phlegm; Rhizoma vertigo due to Damp-Phlegm
+ Rhizoma Atractylodis Gastrodiae calms Liver Wind.

\ Macrocephalae Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae

invigorates the Spleen
YCIS,
DIX Rhizoma Gastrodiae Both herbs calm the Liver and Indicated for headache, dizziness
+ Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis subdue Liver Wind and vertigo due to Liver Yang
Rising; and for convulsion,
nd Bai dizziness and vertigo due to
Liver Wind

Carapax Rhizoma Gastrodiae Rhizoma Gastrodiae calms the Indicated for sore and weak lower
ae hyper- + Cortex Eucommiae Liver and subdues Wind, and back and knees, Bi syndromes and
+ Ramulus Loranthi removes obstruction from the hypertension due to Kidney
nis and
collaterals; Cortex Eucommiae Deficiency
cold in
tonihes the Liver and Kidneys
action is
74 Part 2: Combinations of common Chinese herbs

OS DRACONIS AND CONCHA

OSTREAE

Long Gu and Mu Li

This combination astringes discharges,

calms the Liver and subdues hyperactive
Yang. It is indicated for spontaneous
sweating, night sweats and thin leucorrhoea,
and for headache, dizziness and vertigo,
palpitations and insomnia due to Liver Yang
Rising.

CINNABARIS AND MAGNETITUM

Zhu Sha and Ci Shi

This combination soothes the Heart and

calms the Mind. It is indicated for insomnia,
dream-disturbed sleep, absent-mindedness,
manic-depressive disorders and red eyes
and tinnitus due to Liver Fire.

SEMEN ZIZIPHI SPINOSAE AND

SEMEN BIOTAE

Suan Zao Ren and Bai Zi Ren

This combination nourishes the Heart and

calms the Mind. It is indicated for palpita
tions and insomnia. A stronger therapeutic
action will be obtained with the addition of
Poria cum Ligno Hospite (Fu Shen) and Os
Draconis.

RADIX GLYCYRRHIZAE, WHEAT AND

FRUCTUS ZIZIPHI

Gan Cao, Fu Xiao Mai and Da Zao

All three are sweet herbs that relax the Liver;

wheat also nourishes the Heart and relieves
restlessness. This combination is indicated
for hysteria, neurosis and schizophrenia. Its
actions of nourishing Heart Yin, clearing
Heart Fire, resolving Stagnation and calming
the Mind can be strengthened by the
addition of Radix Ophiopogonis and Cortex
Albiziae.
 75

Tonics and astringents 19

indicated for Collapse of Yin. In small doses

RADIX GINSENG AND RADIX
it treats deficiency of Qi and Yin with
ASTRAGALI SEU HEDYARI
symptoms of thirst, profuse sweating, lassi
Ren Shen and Huang Qi tude, chronic cough, shortness of breath, a
red tongue and a thready and weak
This combination strongly tonifies Source
pulse due to consumption of Qi and Yin by
(Yuan) Qi; it also tonifies Qi generally
Heat.
and thus stimulates the production of
Blood. Both herbs are important Qi tonics
and their action of tonifying Qi is
potentiated when they are used in com RADIX GINSENG AND RADIX
bination. REHMANNIAE PRAEPARATA
This combination is indicated for
Ren Shen and Shu Di
Deficiency of Defensive (Wei) Qi, weakness
of Source Qi and Deficiency of both Qi and Radix Ginseng tonifies Source Qi; it also
Blood. tonifies Qi generally and stimulates the
production of Blood. Radix Rehmanniae
Praeparata nourishes Blood and Yin.
■ RADIX GINSENG AND RADIX This combination strongly tonifies Qi and
ACONITI PRAEPARATA Blood and is indicated for severe weakness
of Essential (Jing) Qi and Deficiency of Qi
• Ren Shen and Fu Zi
and Blood.
— Radix Ginseng strongly tonifies Source Qi
and also tonifies Qi generally and treats
Collapse of Qi. Radix Aconiti Praeparata RADIX GINSENG AND RADIX
restores devastated Yang and treats Collapse POLYGONIMULTIFLORI
of Yang.
Ren Shen and Shou Wu
— This combination tonifies Qi and recaptures
Yang and is indicated for Collapse of Yang. Radix Ginseng tonifies Qi; Radix Polygoni
In small doses it also treats general patterns Multiflori tonifies the Liver and Kidneys and
of Qi and Yang Deficiency. nourishes Yin and Blood.
This combination tonifies Qi, Blood and
Yin and is indicated for patterns of
RADIX GINSENG, RADIX concurrent Qi and Yin Deficiency, Qi and
OPHIOPOGONIS AND FRUCTUS Blood Deficiency, senility and chronic
SCHISANDRAE malaria marked by deficiency of Defensive
Qi.
Ren Shen, Mai Dong and Wu Wei Zi

Radix Ginseng tonifies Qi and treats

Collapse of Qi, Radix Ophiopogonis RADIX GINSENG AND GECKO OR

nourishes Yin and Fructus Schisandrae SEMEN JUGLANDIS

astringes and treats patterns of Collapse.
Ren Shen and Ge fie or Hu Tao Rou
This combination tonifies Qi, nourishes Yin
and treats patterns of Collapse. It is This combination tonifies the Lungs and
76 Part 2: Combinations of common Chinese herbs

Kidneys and stimulates the reception of Qi. people with deficiency of Yang and Qi
It is indicated for chronic cough and (Table 19.1).
dyspnoea due to deficiency of both the
Lungs and Kidneys marked by failure of the
Kidneys to grasp the Qi. ■ RADIX CODONOPSIS PILOSULAE AND
RHIZOMA ATRACTYLODIS
MACROCEPHALAE
RADIX GINSENG AND CORNU CERVI
• Dang Shen and Bai Zhu
PANTOTRICHUM
— This combination tonifies Qi and invigorates
Ren Shen and Lu Rong
the Spleen. It is indicated for Spleen Qi
Radix Ginseng strongly tonifies Source Qi; Deficiency.
Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum warms and
tonifies Kidney Yang and benefits Essence ■ RHIZOMA ATRACTYLODIS
and Blood. MACROCEPHALAE AND PORIA
This combination tonifies Source Qi and
• Bai Zhu and Fu Ling
benefits Essence and Blood and is
indicated for Deficiency patterns of Kidney — This combination tonifies Qi, invigorates the
Yang, Essence, Blood and Qi and Blood Spleen and resolves Dampness. It is
concurrently. It can be taken during the indicated for Spleen Qi Deficiency with or
winter as a general tonic by elderly without oedema and diarrhoea.

Table 19.1 Actions and indications of Radix Ginseng, in combination with other herbs

Radix Ginseng This combination tonifies Source Indicated for deficiency of Source Qi,
+ Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Qi, and Qi generally Defensive Qi or Qi and Blood.

Radix Ginseng
+ Radix Aconiti Praeparata
Radix Ginseng tonifies Qi and treats Indicated for Collapse of Yang
Collapse of Qi; Radix Aconiti
Praeparata treats Collapse of
Yang

Radix Ginseng
+ Fructus Schisandrae
+ Radix Ophiopogonis
Radix Ginseng treats Collapse Indicated for Collapse of Yin
of Qi; Fructus Schisandrae
astringes and treats patterns
of Collapse; Radix Ophiopogonis
nourishes Yin

Radix Ginseng Radix Ginseng tonifies Qi Indicated for deficiency of Essential

+ Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata and stimulates the production Qiorof Qi and Blood
of Blood. Radix Rehmanniae
Praeparata nourishes Blood
and Yin

Radix Ginseng Radix Ginseng tonifies Qi; Indicated for deficiency of Qi and
+ Polygoni Multiflori Polygoni Multiflori nourishes Blood or of Qi and Yin
Yin and Blood

Radix Ginseng Radix Ginseng tonifies Qi; Indicated for chronic cough and
+ Gecko or Semen juglandis Gecko and Semen Judlandis dyspnoea due to Lung and Kidney
stimulate reception of Qi Qi Deficiency

Radix Ginseng Radix Ginseng tonifies Source Qi; Indicated for Deficiency patterns
+ Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum warms of Kidney Yang, Essence, Qi and
and tonifies Kidney Yang Blood
 Tonics and Astringents 77

and Qi to tonify Qi and consolidate the Exterior.

RHIZOMA ATRACTYLODIS
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari assists Radix
MACROCEPHALAE AND RHIZOMA
Ledebouriellae to tonify Qi, Release the
DIOSCOREAE
Exterior and expel Wind.
VEAND Bat Zhu and Shan Yao In combination they tonify Qi, consolidate
the Exterior and stop sweating. With a
This combination tonifies Qi and invigorates
relatively large dose of Radix Astragali seu
the Spleen. It is indicated for diarrhoea and
Hedysari the combination is indicated for
leucorrhoea due to Spleen Deficiency.
spontaneous sweating due to Qi Deficiency.
vigorates With a relatively large dosage of Radix
pleen Qi Ledebouriellae the combination is indicated
RHIZOMA ATRACTYLODIS
for Qi Deficiency complicated with External
MACROCEPHALAE AND FRUCTUS
Invasion (Fig 19.1).
AURANTIIIMMATURUS

Bai Zhu and Zhi Shi

This combination tonifies Qi, invigorates the RADIX ASTRAGALI SEU HEDYSARI
AND RADIX ACONITI PRAEPARATA
Spleen, regulates Qi and relieves fullness. It
)rates the is indicated for poor appetite and for disten Huang Qi and Fu Zi
s. It is sion and pain in the epigastrium and
' with or Radix Astragali seu Hedysari tonifies Qi and
abdomen due to deficiency of the Middle
stops sweating; Radix Aconiti Praeparata
Burner with stagnation of Qi.
warms the Yang.
This combination tonifies Qi and Yang and
RADIX ASTRAGALI SEU HEDYSARI, stops sweating. It is indicated for sponta
RHIZOMA CIMICIFUGAE AND RADIX neous sweating and lassitude due to Qi and
BUPLEURI Yang Deficiency.

Huang Qi, Sheng Ma and Choi Hu

lource Qi, Radix Astragali seu Hedysari tonifies Qi and RADIX ASTRAGALI SEU HEDYSARI
lood. lifts Yang; Rhizoma Cimicifugae and Radix AND CONCHA OSTREAE
Bupleuri lift the Qi of the Middle Burner.
Huang Qi and Mu Li
This combination tonifies Qi and lifts Yang.
It is indicated for prolapse of the internal Radix Astragali tonifies Qi, consolidates the
organs or anus and for chronic diarrhoea Exterior and stops sweating. Concha Ostreae
due to Sinking of Spleen Qi. The therapeutic stops sweating by astringing.
action is strengthened by the addition of This combination tonifies Qi and stops

Fructus Aurantii Immaturus. sweating. It is indicated for spontaneous

sweating due to Qi Deficiency.

RADIX ASTRAGALI SEU HEDYSARI

AND RADIX LEDEBOURIELLAE RADIX ASTRAGALI SEU HEDYSARI
essential
AND RADIX ANGELICAE SINENSIS
Huang Qi and Fang Feng
Huang Qi and Dang Gui
Radix Ledebouriellae assists Radix Astragali
seu Hedysari to go to the surface of the body Radix Angelicae Sinensis tonifies Blood;

3i and

Radix Astragalus Seu Hedysari > Radix Radix Ledebouriellae > Radix Astragalus seu
Ledebouriellae Hedysari
i and Primary function of this combination is Primary function of this combination is elimination
id Kidney Qi tonification of External Wind

It is indicated for spontaneous sweating due It is indicated for external invasion due to
tterns to Qi Deficiency Qi Deficiency
Qi and

Fig. 19.1 Dose-related differences in the actions of Radix Astragali seu Hedysari and Radix Ledebouriellae.
78 Part 2: Combiiuilioiif of common Chinese herbs

Radix Astragali seu Hddysari tonifies Qi and treats abdominal pain due to deficiency of
thus indirectly stimulates the production the Middle Burner.
and control of Blood.
- This combination tonifies Qi and Blood. It is
indicated for Blood Deficiency, Qi and Blood RADIX PAEONIAE ALBA AND RADIX
Deficiency and haemorrhagic patterns due GLYCYRRHI2AE
to failure of the Qi to control Blood
Bai Shao and Gan Cao
(Table 19.2).
For numbness of the limbs and body and Radix Paeoniae Alba is sour in nature; it
systemic painful joints due to failure of the astringes, nourishes Yin, eases the Liver and
Blood to nourish the tendons, add Ramulus relieves pain. Radix Glycyrrhizae is sweet in
Cinnamomi and Caulis Spatholobi. nature; it relaxes spasm and relieves pain.
For haemorrhagic patterns due to failure of This combination produces Fluids by its
the Qi to control Blood, add Rhizoma combination of the sweet and sour tastes; it
Zingiberis {baked), Arillus Longan and also harmonizes the Blood, relaxes spasm
Radix Ginseng. and relieves pain. It is indicated for
cramping abdominal pain, hypochondriac
pain due to Liver Deficiency, spasm of
RADIX ANGELICAE SINENSIS AND musculus gastrocnemius and spontaneous
RADIX PAEONIAE ALBA and night sweats due to Yin Deficiency.

Dang Giti and Bai Shao

Radix Angelicae Sinensis tonifies and moves RADIX REHMANNIAE PRAEPARATA

Blood; Radix Paeoniae Alba tonifies Blood AND FRUCTUS CORNI
and nourishes Yin.
Shu Di and Shan Yu Rou
This combination tonifies Blood and is
indicated for patterns of Blood Deficiency This combination tonifies Liver and Kidney
and disorders of menstruation and labour. Yin and is thus indicated for Liver and
With the addition of Ramuius Cinnamomi, it Kidney Yin Deficiency.

Table 19.2 Actions and indications of Radix Astragali seu Hedysarj in combination with other herbs

Radix Astragali sen Hedysari Both herbs tonify Qi Indicated for Qi Deficiency or Qi and
+ Radix Ginseng Blood Deficiency

Radix Astragali seu Hedysari
+ Rhizoma Cimicifugae
+ Radix Bupleuri
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Indicated for Spleen Qi Sinking
tonifies Qi and lifts Yang;
Rhtzoma Cimicifugae and Radix
Bupleuri lift the Qi of the
Middle Burner

Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Indicated for deficiency of
+ Radix Ledebouriellae consolidates the Exterior; Radix Defensive Qi
Ledebouriellae expels Wind

Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Radix Astragali seu Hedysari tonifies Indicated for spontaneous sweating
+ Radix Aconiti Praeparata Qi and stops sweating; Radix Aconiti and lassitude due to Qi and Yang
Praeparata warms the Yang Deficiency

Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Radix Astragali seu Hedysari stops Indicated for spontaneous sweating
+ Concha Ostrcae sweating by tonifying Qi; Concha due to Qi Deficiency
Ostreae stops sweating by astringing

Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Radix Astragali seu Hedysari tonifies Indicated for bleeding due to Qi and
+ Radix Angelicas Sinensis Qi and stimulates the production Blood Deficiency
and control of Blood. Radix Angelicae
Sinensis tonifies Blood
 Tonics and Astringents 79

iency of restlessness, insomnia and palpitations due

RADIX REHMANNIAE PRAEPARATA
Yin Deficiency with Empty Fire.
AND FRUCTUS AMOMI

Shu Di and Sha Ren

— Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata nourishes Yin
and Blood but is sticky in nature and can
impair the function of the Stomach. Fructus
Amomi regulates Qi and invigorates the
lature; it Spleen and Stomach to modify the sticky
,iver and nature of Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata.
sweet in — This combination thus nourishes Yin and
pain. Blood without impairing the function of the
s by its Stomach and is indicated for Yin and Blood
tastes; it Deficiency complicated with poor appetite.
s spasm
■ RADIX OPHIOPOGONIS, RADIX
REHMANNIAE AND RHIZOMA
COPTIDIS
• Mai Dong, Sheng Di and Huang Lian
— This combination nourishes Heart Yin and
clears Heart Fire. It is indicated for febrile
disease with high fever, irritability and coma
and for Flaring of Heart Fire with mouth and
tongue ulcers.

ited for HERBA DENDROBII AND RADIX

hondriac ■ RADIX GLEHNIAE AND RADIX OPHIOPOGONIS
Dasm of OPHIOPOGONIS
itaneous
Shi Hu and Mai Dong
• Bet Sha Shen and Mai Dong
icy. This combination nourishes the Stomach
-— Both herbs nourish Yin and produce Body and stimulates the production of Body
Fluids and this action is potentiated when Fluids. It is indicated for consumption of
;ata they are used together. This combination is Stomach Yin due to febrile disease, with
indicated for: symptoms of low grade fever, thirst and
1. Cough due to Lung Yin Deficiency dryness of the tongue, and for Stomach Yin
2. Stomach Yin Deficiency giving rise to Deficiency with symptoms of retching, dull
I Kidney thirst, an empty and uncomfortable burning stomach pain and an empty uncom
ver and sensation in the Stomach and dull fortable feeling of the stomach.
burning pain in the epigastrium
3. Lung and Stomach Heat with consump
tion of Body Fluids (diabetes), with ■ HERBA DENDROBII, FRUCTUS LYCII
symptoms of a desire to drink large AND FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI
quantities and loss of weight.
• Shi Hu, Gou Qi Zi and Ju Hua

jt Qi and — This combination nourishes the Liver and

■ RADIX OPHIOPOGONIS AND RADIX improves vision. It is indicated for blurred
ing ASPARAGI vision due to Liver and Kidney Yin
Deficiency and for chronic eye disorders due
• Mai Dong and Tian Dong
to Yin Deficiency.
— Both herbs nourish Yin, moisten the Lungs
and stop cough, and these actions are poten
tiated when they are used together. ■ FRUCTUS LIGUSTRI LUCIDI AND
HERBA ECLIPTAE
— This combination is indicated for chronic
non-productive cough due to Lung Yin • Nu Zhen Zi and Han Lian Cao
Deficiency or Lung and Kidney Yin
weating
— Both herbs tonify Liver and Kidney Yin, but
id Yang Deficiency.
Fructus Ligustri Lucidi is more effective in
tonifying Kidney Yin while Herba Ecliptae
weating
RADIX OPHIOPOGONIS, RADIX is more effective in tonifying Liver Yin.
REHMANNIAE AND SEMEN ZIZIPHI Herba Ecliptae also cools Blood and stops
SPINOSAE bleeding.
oQi and — This combination is indicated for patterns of
Mai Dong, Sheng Di and Suan Zao Ren
Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency and for
This combination nourishes Heart Yin haemorrhagic patterns due to Yin
and calms the Mind. It is indicated for Deficiency.
Part 2: Combinations of common Chinese herbs
RHIZOMA CURCULIGINrS AND
HERBAEPIMEDII
Xian Mao and Yin Yang Huo
This combination warms and tonifies
Kidney Yang, disperses Cold Damp and
relieves Bi syndromes. It is indicated for:
1. Kidney Yang Deficiency with symptoms
of impotence and infertility
2. chronic Cold Damp Bi syndrome with a
cold sensation and pain in the lumbar
region and knees
3. menopausal hypertension.
With the addition of Rhizoma
Anemarrhenae, Cortex Phellodendri and
Radix Angelicae Sinensis, these herbs lower
blood pressure by regulating Yin and Yang.
I HERBA EPIMEDII AND RAMULUS
LORANTHI
Yin Yang Huo and Sang Ji Sheng
- Herba Epimedii warms Kidney Yang,
disperses Cold and Dampness and removes
obstruction from the channels. Ramulus
Loranthi tonifies the Liver and Kidneys,
strengthens the tendons and bones and
relieves Bi syndrome.
■ This combination tonifies the Liver and
Kidneys, strengthens tendons and bones and
relieves paralysis and Bi syndrome. It is
indicated for chronic Bi syndrome, Wei
syndrome and infantile paralysis.
CORTEX EUCOMMIAE AND RADIX
DIPSACI
Du Zhong and Xu Duan
- This combination tonifies the Liver and
Kidneys, strengthens the lower back and
knees, promotes the healing of sprains and
fractures and prevents miscarriage. It is
indicated for lower back pain due to Kidney
Deficiency, chronic Bi syndrome, osteo
porosis, contusions and sprains and threat
ened abortion.
PLASTRUM TESTUDINIS AND CORNU
CERVI
Gui Ban ami Lit fiao
Plastrum Testudinis is saltv, sweet and cold
in nature; it strongly tonifies Kidney Yin,
nourishes Yin generally and reinforces the
Ren channel. Cornu Cervi is sweet, salty and
warm in nature; it warms the Kidney,
tonifies Yang, benefits Essence and Blood
and reinforces the Du channel.
- This combination thus tonifies both Yin and
Yang and reinforces the Ren and Du
channels as well as the other Extraordinary
channels. It is indicated for deficiency of
both Yin and Yang, and of Essence and
Blood, and for severe Deficiency patterns
due to Emptiness of the eight Extraordinary
channels. It is often administered in the form
of a liquid extract.
■ FRUCTUS ALPINIAE OXYPHYLLAE
AND RADIX LINDERAE
• Yi Zhi Ren and Wu Yao
— Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae warms and
astringes the Kidneys while Radix Linderae
warms the Lower Burner and eliminates
Cold from the Bladder.
— This combination thus warms the Kidneys,
eliminates Cold and astringes urine. It is
indicated for urinary frequency or inconti
nence, or enuresis due to Kidney Deficiency,
and for weakness of the Bladder with
stagnation of Cold.
■ FRUCTUS PSORALEAE AND SEMEN
MYRISTICAE
• Bu Gu Zhi and Rou Dou Kou
— Fructus Psoraleae warms Kidney Yang and
tonifies Ming Men Fire, while Semen
Myristicae warms the Spleen, regulates Qi
and astringes the intestines to stop
diarrhoea.
— This combination warms both the Spleen
and Kidneys and astringes the intestines to
stop diarrhoea. It is indicated for chronic
diarrhoea and dysentery due to Spleen and
Kidney Yang Deficiency.
FRUCTUS ROSAE LAEVIGATAE AND
SEMEN EURYALES
Jin Ying 7A and Qian Shi
Rosae Laevigatae is sour and astringent in
nature; it consolidates Essence and stops
 Tonics and Astringents 81

ney Yin, diarrhoea and leucorrhoea. Euryales is

irces the sweet, neutral and astringent in nature; it
ialty and primarily invigorates the Spleen and tonifies
Kidney, the Kidneys, but also consolidates Essence to
d Blood stop diarrhoea and leucorrhoea.
When they are used together, their mutual
Yin and action of astringing the Essence is strength
md Du ened and this combination is thus indicated
ardinary for spermatorrhoea, enuresis, leucorrhoea
tency of and diarrhoea.
nee and
patterns
ordinary RADIX EPHEDRAE AND FRUCTUS
the form TRITICI LEVIS

Ma Huang Gen and Fu Xiao Mai

■ This combination stops sweating and is thus

\E indicated for spontaneous sweating and
night sweats. For Yin Deficiency, add Yin
tonics such as Radix Ophiopogonis and
Radix Paeoniae Alba. For Qi Deficiency, add
ms and Qi tonics such as Radix Astragali seu
jnderae Hedysari and Rhizoma Atractylodis
minates Macrocephalae.

Cidneys,
le. It is
inconti-
ficiency,
sr with

[EN

ing and
Semen
lates Qi
d stop

Spleen
tines to
chronic
?en and

lND

igent in
i stops
 82
20 Herbs that warm the Interior
and regulate Qi
■ RADIX ACONITI PRAEPARATA AND
RHIZOMA ZINGIBERIS
• Fu Zi and Gan Jiang
— Rhizoma Zingiberis strengthens the action of
Radix Aconiti Praeparata in restoring
Collapsed Yang and moderates its toxicity.
— This combination restores Collapsed Yang,
warms the Interior and disperses Cold. It is
indicated for Collapse of Yang, and Yang
Deficiency with Internal Cold.
— For abdominal pain and diarrhoea due to
Spleen Yang Deficiency, add Radix
Codonopsis Pilosulae and Rhizoma
Atractylodis Macrocephalae.
1 RADIX ACONITI PRAEPARATA AND
\'t CORTEX CINNAMOMI
Fu Zi and Rou Gui
- This combination warms Kidney Yang. It is
indicated for soreness of the lower back and
knees, cold limbs due to Kidney Yang
Deficiency, and decline of Ming Men Fire.
The action of tonifying Yang is strengthened
by the addition of herbs that tonify Kidney
Yin. To tonify both Yin and Yang, add
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata and Fructus
Corni.
RHIZOMA ATRACTYLODIS MACRO
CEPHALAE AND RADIX ACONITI
PRAEPARATA
BaiZhu andFu Zi
■ Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae invig
orates the Spleen and dries Dampness.
Radix Aconiti Praeparata warms Yang,
disperses Cold and relieves pain.
This combination warms Yang, disperses
Cold, invigorates the Spleen and eliminates
Dampness. It is indicated for abdomina
distension and loose stools due to Spleen
Yang Deficiency with retention of Cold
Damp and for general aching due to
invasion by Cold Damp.
■ FRUCTUS EVODIAE AND RHIZOMA
ZINGIBERIS RECENS
• Wu Zhu Yu and Sheng Jiang
— This combination warms the Middle Burner,
relieves pain and conducts Rebellious Qi
downward to stop vomiting. It is indicated
for pain, retching and spitting of saliva due
to retention of Cold in the Stomach and for
hiccup.
■ FLOS CARYOPHYLLI AND CORTEX
CINNAMOMI
• Ding Xiang and Rou Gui
— Both herbs are pungent, aromatic and warm
in nature and combine to warm the Middle
Burner and relieve pain.
— This combination is indicated for a cold
sensation and pain in the heart and
abdomen. It is administered by mouth or
ground to a powder and applied to the
umbilicus as a medicinal plaster.
■ CORTEX CINNAMOMI AND RADIX ET
RHIZOMA RHEI
Rou Gui and Da Huang
■ Cortex Cinnamomi warms the Interior and
disperses Cold. Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
activates Blood circulation, clears Poison
and stops dysentery
This combination disperses Cold and
stops dysentery. It is indicated for chronic
 Herbs that warm the Interior and regulate Qi 83

Table 20.1 Actions and indications of Cortex Cinnamomi in combination with other herbs

Cortex Cinnamomi Both herbs warm Kidney Yang Indicated for Kidney Yang
+ Radix Aconiti Praeparata Deficiency

Cortex Connamomi Both herbs warm the Middle Indicated for a cold sensation and
+ Flos Caryophylli Burner and move Qi to relieve pain pain in the heart and abdomen

Cortex Cinnamomi Cortex Cinnamomi warms the Interior Indicated for chronic dysentery due
+ Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and disperses Cold; Radix et to Spleen Yang Deficiency
Rhizoma Rhei purges the intestines

dysentery due to Spleen Yang Deficiency

iminal RHIZOMA ZINGIBERIS (BAKED) AND
(Table 20.1).
Spleen FOLIUM ARTEMISIAE ARGYI

Cold Pao Jiang and Ai Ye

ue to RHIZOMA ALPINIAE OFFICINALIS
Both herbs stop bleeding. In addition, Baked
AND RHIZOMA CYPERI
Rhizoma Zingiberis warms the Spleen
Gao Liang Jiang and Xiang Fu while Folium Artemisiae Argyi warms the
uterus.
IA Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinalis warms the
This combination warms the channels and
Stomach and disperses Cold. Rhizoma
stops bleeding. It is indicated for bloody
Cyperi regulates Qi and relieves pain
stools and uterine bleeding due to
This combination warms the Stomach and
Deficiency with stagnation of Cold.
urner, regulates Qi. It is indicated for epigastric
If bleeding is caused by a failure of Qi to
us Qi pain due to stagnation of Qi and Cold.
control Blood, add herbs that tonify Qi and
icated
control Blood, such as Radix Astragali seu
'a due
Hedysari.
nd for FLOS CARYOPHYLLI AND CALYX KAKI

Ding Xiang and Shi Di

Both herbs warm the Middle Burner, RHIZOMA CYPERI AND FOLIUM
conduct Rebellious Qi downward and ARTEMISIAE ARGYI

stop vomiting and hiccup, and these Xiang Fu and Ai Ye

actions are potentiated when they are used
together. Rhizoma Cyperi regulates Qi and menstrua
This combination is indicated for hiccup and tion while Folium Artemisiae Argyi
warm

vomiting due to stagnation of Cold in the disperses Cold and warms the channels and
liddle
Stomach. uterus.
This combination warms the uterus and
i cold
regulates Qi and menstruation. It is
and
RHIZOMA ZINGIBERIS, HERBA ASARI indicated for dysmenorrhoea due to stagna
ith or
o the AND FRUCTUS SCHISANDRA tion of Qi and Cold and for irregular
menstruation and infertility due to retention
Gan Jiang, Xi Xin and W« Wei Zi
of Cold in the uterus.
Rhizoma Zingiberis and Herba Asari are
pungent and hot in nature; they warm the
KET
Lungs to resolve retained Water. Fructus PER1CARPIUM CITRI RETICULATAE
Schisandrae is sour in nature and astringes VIRIDE AND PERICARPIUM CITRI
the Lungs to stop cough. RETICULATAE
This combination warms the Lungs, resolves
>r and Qing Pi and Chen Pi
retained Water and stimulates the Lungs'
Rhei
function of governing respiration. It is thus Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride harmo
'oison
indicated for chronic cough and dyspnoea nizes the Liver, breaks Qi stagnation and
due to retention of Cold and Water in the resolves masses. Pericarpium Citri
and
Lungs. Reticulatae regulates Qi and harmonizes the
ironic
84 Port 2: Combinations of common Chinese herbs

Stomach. Their action of regulating Qi and RADIX AUCKLANDIAE AND FRUCTUS

relieving pain is potentiated when they are
AMOMI
used together.
— This combination harmonizes the Liver and Mu Xiang and Sha Ren
the Stomach and regulates Qi. It is indicated Radix Aucklandiae regulates Qi, invigorates
for distension and pain in the epigastrium the Spleen, warms the Middle Burner,
and hypochondrium due to stagnation of Qi relieves pain and stops diarrhoea. Fructus
in the Liver and Stomach. Amomi promotes the circulation of Qi,
resolves Dampness and conducts Rebellious
Qi downward to stop vomiting.
FRUCTUS MELIAE TOOSENDAN AND This combination regulates Qi and harmo
RHIZOMA CORYDALIS nizes the Stomach. It is indicated for patterns

Chuan Li an Zi and Yati Hu Suo of stagnation of Stomach and Spleen Qi.

Fructus Meliae Toosendan harmonizes the

Liver and clears Heat while Rhizoma FRUCTUS AURANTII AND RADIX
Corydalis activates Qi and Blood circulation PLATYCODI
and relieves pain.
Their actions of harmonizing the Liver, Zhi Qiao and Jie Geng
regulating Qi and relieving pain are potenti Fructus Aurantii regulates Qi and conducts
ated when they are used together and this Rebellious Qi downward while Radix
combination is thus indicated for pain due to Platycodi stimulates the Lungs' dispersing
Qi Stagnation or Liver Qi Stagnation turning function and lifts Sinking Qi.
to Heat. This combination is indicated for discomfort
and stuffiness in the chest and epigastrium
due to stagnation of Lung and Stomach Qi.
FRUCTUS TRICHOSANTHIS AND
BULBUS ALL1I MACROSTEMI

Gua Lou and Xie Bai

Both herbs open the chest. In addition,

Fructus Trichosanthis resolves Phlegm
while Bulbus Allii Macrostemi regulates
Qi, invigorates Yang and disperses
masses.

This combination invigorates Yang,

resolves Phlegm, regulates Qi and relieves
pain. It is indicated for obstruction of Qi in
the chest marked by chest pain due to
deficiency of Yang and retention of Turbid
Phlegm.

■ RHIZOMA CYPERI AND FLOS

INULAE

• XiangFu and Xuan Fit Hua

— Rhizoma Cyperi regulates Qi and relieves

stagnation while Flos Inulae resolves
Phlegm, disperses masses and harmonizes
the collaterals.
— This combination regulates Qi, harmonizes
the collaterals and relieves pain. It is
indicated for costal and hypochondriac pain
and stuffiness in the chest.
 85

CTUS
Herbs that activate Blood 21
j»orates
Burner,
circulation and stop bleeding
:ructus
of Qi,
lellious

harmo-
atterns for pain and palpable abdominal masses due
RADIX ANGELICAE SINENSIS AND
to stagnation of Qi and Blood.
RHIZOMA LIGUSTICI CHUANXIONG

Dang Gui and Chuang Xioitg

SEMEN PERSICAE AND FLOS
Both herbs activates Blood circulation. In
CARTHAMI
addition, Radix Angelicae Sinensis tonifies
Blood, while Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong Tao Ren and Hong Hua
activates Qi circulation.
inducts Semen Persicae breaks Blood Stasis while
This combination tonifies Blood, activates
Radix Flos Carthami activates Blood circulation
Blood circulation, regulates menstruation
versing and regulates menstruation.
and relieves pain. It is indicated for disor
This combination breaks Blood Stasis
ders of menstruation and labour due to
omfort and activates Blood circulation. It is
Blood Deficiency and Blood Stagnation and
istrium indicated for patterns of Blood Stagnation
for patterns of Stagnant Qi and Blood.
:hQi. such as dysmenorrhoea, amenorrhoea,
postpartum abdominal pain, Bi syndrome,
abscess, swelling and pain due to trauma,
RHIZOMA LIGUSTICI CHUANXIONG
and abdominal pain due to stagnation of
AND RADIX ANGELICAE DAHURICAE
Blood.
Chuan Xiong and Bai Zhi

Both herbs eliminate Wind and relieve pain;

in addition, Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong HERBA LEONURI AND HERBA LYCOPI

activates Blood circulation. Yi Mu Cao and Ze Lan

This combination eliminates Wind and
relieves pain and is indicated for chronic Both herbs activate Blood circulation,

intermittent headache due to Wind in the regulate menstruation, promote diuresis

head. and relieve swelling, and these actions

are strengthened when they are used
together.

■ RHIZOMA SPARGANII AND RHIZOMA This combination is indicated for amenor

rhoea due to stagnation of Blood and for
ZEDOARIAE
oedema due to retention of Water and
• San Leng and E Zhu stagnant Blood.

— Both herbs break stagnation of Qi and Blood,

but Rhizoma Sparganii is more effective in
breaking Blood Stagnation while Rhizoma RESINA OLIBANI AND RESINA
Zedoariae is more effective in breaking Qi MYRRHAE
Stagnation. Their action of breaking Stasis
Ru Xiang and Mo Yao
and resolving Stagnation is strengthened
when they are used together. Both herbs resolve Blood Stasis and relieve
— This combination breaks Qi and Blood pain, but Resina Olibani is more effective in
Stagnation, relieves pain and disperses circulating Qi while Resina Myrrhae is more
palpable abdominal masses. It is indicated effective in dispersing stagnant Blood.
 86 Part 2: Combinations of common Chinese herbs
'I
This combination is indicated for pain due to
stagnation of Qi and Blood and for non-
healing carbuncles, boils and ulcers.
I RADIX SALVIAE MILTIORRHIZAE,
LIGNUM SANTALI AND RHIZOMA
LIGUSTICI CHUANXIONG
Dan Shen, Tan Xiang and Chuan Xiong
- Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae activates Blood
circulation; Lignum Santali circulates Qi and
opens the chest; Rhizoma Ligustici
Chuanxiong activates the circulation of both
Qi and Blood.
- This combination activates Qi and Blood
circulation and relieves pain. It is indicated
for stabbing pain and a feeling of suffocation
in the heart and chest due to stagnant Qi
and Blood obstructing the vessels of the
heart.
I POLLEN TYPHAE AND FAECES
TROGOPTERORUM
Pu Huang and Wu Ling Zhi
- Both substances resolve Blood Stasis, stop
bleeding and relieve pain, but Pollen Typhae
is more effective stopping bleeding while
Faeces Trogopterorum is more effective in
relieving pain.
- Their actions of resolving Blood Stasis,
stopping bleeding and relieving pain are
potentiated when they are used together.
This combination is indicated for patterns of
pain due to stagnation of Blood, such as
dysmenorrhoea, postpartum abdominal
pain, cardiac pain and abdominal pain, and
for haemorrhagic patterns due to stagnation
of Blood.
I COLLA CORII ASINI AND POLLEN
TYPHAE
A Jiao and Pu Huang
- Co!la Corii Asini nourishes and astringes
Blood to stop bleeding while Pollen Typhae
enters the Lower Burner, cools Blood and
resolves Blood Stasis.
Together, these substances nourish Blood
and stop bleeding, and this combination is
thus indicated for uterine bleeding, menor-
rhagia and haematuria.
■ COLLA CORII ASINI AND POWDER
OF CONCHA MERETRICIS SEU
CYCLINAE
• A }iao and Ge Fen Colla Corii
— Colla Corii Asini nourishes Yin and stops
bleeding while Concha Meretricis seu
Cyclinae clears Lung Heat and resolves
Phlegm.
— This combination nourishes Yin, clears
Empty Fire and Lung Heat and stops
bleeding. It is indicated for haemoptysis
due to Lung Yin Deficiency with Empty
Fire.
RADIX SANGUISORBAE AND FLOS
SOPHORAE
Di Yu and Huai Hua
This combination cools Blood, stops
bleeding and clears heat from the intestines.
It is indicated for bloody stool and for
bleeding due to haemorrhoids.
RADIX SANGUISORBAE AND
CACUMEN BIOTAE
Di Yu and Ce Bat Ye
This combination cools Blood and stops
bleeding. It is indicated for bleeding from
the digestive tract due to Heat.
CACUMEN BIOTAE AND RHIZOMA
ZINGIBERIS (BAKED)
Ce Bai Ye and Pao Jiang
This combination warms the channels
and stops bleeding. It is indicated for
Deficient and Cold patterns with bloody
stools due to failure of the Spleen to control
Blood.
HERBA CEPHALANOPLORIS AND
RHIZOMA IMPERATAE
Xiao Ji and Bai Mao Gen
This combination cools Blood and stops
bleeding and is indicated for haematuria
and epistaxis.
 Herb* that activate Blood circulation and flop bleeding 87

Table 21.1 Types of blood disorder and combinations of herbs that treat them
R
Menstrual disorders due to Blood Deficiency and Stagnation Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Rhizoma Ligusrici Chuanxiong

Uterine bleeding or haematuria due to Blood deficiency and Stagnation Colla Corii Asini
Pollen Typhae
stops
5 seu
Bloody stool due to Spleen not controlling Blood Cacumen Biotae
Baked ginger
■solves

Menstrua] disorders, postpartum pain, Bi syndrome, abdominal pain or Semen Persicae

clears traumatic injury involving Blood Stasis Flos Carthami
stops
Amennorhoea and oedema due to Stagnant Blood Herba Leonuri
iptysis
Herba Lycopi
Empty
Cardiac or abdominal pain due to stagnation of Blood Pollen Typhae
Faeces Trogopterorum

Haematemesis or haemoptysis due to Stasis Rhizoma Bletilla

Radix Notoginseng

Palpable abdominal masses due to Qi and Blood Stagnation Rhizoma Sparganii

Rhizoma Zedoariae

stops Non-healing carbuncles, boils and ulcers due to stagnation of Qi and Blood Resina Olibani
stines. Resina Myrrhae
id for
Stabbing pain and feeling of suffocation in the chest due to stagnation of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae
Qi and Blood Lignum Santali
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong

Haemoptysis due to Lung Empty Fire Colla Corii Asini

Concha Meretricis seu Cyclinae

Haemorrhoids or bloody stool due to Heat Radix Sanguisorbae

Flos Sophorae

stops
Bleeding from gastrointestinal tract due to Heat Radix Sanguisorbae
from Cacumen Biotae

Haematuria or epistaxis due to Heat Herba Cephalanoploris

Rhizoma Imperatae

RHIZOMA BLET1LLAE AND RADIX

NOTOGINSENG
annels
Bat Ji and San Qi
■d for
)loody Rhizoma Bletillae stops bleeding by
ontrol astringing the Blood and promotes healing.
Radix Notoginseng stops bleeding by
resolving Blood Stasis and relieves pain.
When used together, the haemostatic action
of these herbs is potentiated, but without
producing Blood Stagnation. This combina
tion is indicated for haemoptysis and
haematemesis.

stops
 Part 3:
Application of herbs on
the basis of the
differentiation of
patterns of the
Zang Fu

The differentiation of Zang Fu patterns

is the most important method of dealing
with disorders arising from internal
imbalance. It is necessary for the
practitioner to have a good command of
the selection of the appropriate herbs
when a diagnosis based on Zang Fu
patterns has been made.
This section is focussed on the
classification of herbs in terms of Zang
Fu patterns, explaining their actions,
characteristics and indications. It also
covers the interaction and therapeutic
combination of herbs acting on the same
organs.
 91

The Lungs 22

A. Actions, characteristics Herbs which are effective in moistening the

and indications of common Lungs and stopping cough include:

herbs Bulbus Fritillariae Bet Mu

Fructus Trichosanthis Gua Lou
Mel Feng Mi
1. HERBS THAT STIMULATE THE
DISPERSING FUNCTION OF THE Other herbs not only moisten the Lungs but

LUNGS also nourish Yin and promote Body Fluids,

and are thus more suitable for dryness of the
— Most of these herbs are pungent and either Lungs complicated with consumption of
warm or cool in nature. They are indicated Body Fluids. These include:
for retention of pathogenic factors in the
Lungs with symptoms of cough and wheeze. Colla Corii Asini A Jiao
Radix Glehniae Bei Sha Shen
Representative herbs include:
Radix Adenophorae Nan Sha Shen
Herb a Ephedrae Ma Huang Radix Ophiopogonis Mai Dong
Radix Platycodi Jie Geng Radix Asparagi Tian Dong
Radix Peucedani Qian Hu
Semen Armeniacae Amarum Xing Ren

4. HERBS THAT PURGE THE LUNGS

— These herbs are usually bitter and cold in

2. HERBS THAT CLEAR LUNG HEAT
nature and have a strong therapeutic action.
— These herbs are often cold and either bitter They are indicated for Lung Fire and reten
or sweet in nature. They are indicated for tion of Water in the Lungs. Representative
retention of Heat in the Lungs with herbs include:
symptoms of cough, dyspnoea, fever, a
Radix Scutellanae Huang Qin
yellow tongue coating and a rapid pulse.
Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae Ting Li Zi
Commonly used herbs include:
Cortex Mori Radicis Sang Bai Pi
Radix Scutellanae Huang Qtn Cortex Lycii Radicis Di Gu Pi
Gypsum Fibrosum Shi Gao
— Radix Scutellariae is more effective in
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Zhi Mu
purging Lung Fire while Semen Lepidii is
Cortex Mori Radicis Sang Bai Pi

Cortex Lycii Radicis Di Gu Pi

more effective in purging Water from the
Herba Houttuyniae Yu XingCao Lungs. Cortex Mori Radicis and Cortex Lycii
Flos Lonicerae Jin Yin Hua Radicis are applicable in both conditions but
Fmctus Forsythiae Lian Qiao have a milder action.
Rhizoma Phragmitis huGen

5. HERBS THAT STIMULATE THE

3. HERBS THAT MOISTEN THE LUNGS DESCENDING FUNCTION OF THE
LUNGS
— Most of these herbs are sweet, cold and
moistening in nature. They are indicated for — These herbs are descending in nature and
dry ness of the Lungs and damage to Body conduct Rebellious Lung Qi downward.
Fluids generally. They are indicated for cough and dyspnoea
92 Part 3: Application of herbs on the basis of patterns of the Zang Fu

due to upward perversion of Lung Qi, Rhizoma Cynanchi Bai Qian

Representative herbs include: Stauntonii
Radix Peucedani Qian Hu
Cortex Magnoliae Hou Po
Radix Polygalae Yuan Zhi
Officinalis
Lignum Aquilariae Chen Xiang — Herbs that stop cough and wheeze include:
Resinatum
Semen Armeniacae Amarum Xing Ren Semen Armeniacae Amarum Xing Ren
Radix Stemonae Bai Bu
Flos Inulae Xuan Fu Hua
Herba Ephedrae Ma Huang
Rhizoma Cynanchi Bai Qian
Stauntonii Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae Ting Li Zi
Semen Cinkgo Bei Guo
Fructus Perillae Su Zi

6. HERBS THAT WARM THE LUNGS 8. HERBS THAT TONIFY LUNG QI

— These herbs are pungent, and warm or hot in
nature. They are indicated for retention of
Cold in the Lungs and for retention of Cold
Damp in the Lungs with symptoms of
cough, watery white sputum and a pale
— These herbs are sweet and warm in nature
and are indicated for deficiency of Lung Qi
with symptoms of dyspnoea, lassitude and a
low and feeble voice. Commonly used herbs
include:

tongue with a white coating. Commonly Radix Ginseng Ren Shen

used herbs include: Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae Dang Shen
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Huang Qi
Rhizoma Zingiberis Gan Jiang
Rhizoma Polygonati Huang )ing
Herba Asari Xi Xin
Radix Panacis Quinquefolii Xi Yang Shen
Ramulus Cinnamomi GuiZhi
Bulbus Lilii Bai He

7. HERBS THAT RESOLVE PHLEGM AND

9. HERBS THAT TONIFY LUNG YIN
STOP COUGH AND WHEEZE
— These herbs are sweet and cold in nature and
— These herbs are either pungent and warm or
are indicated for deficiency of Lung Yin with
cool and moist in nature.
symptoms of malar flush, tidal fever, night
— Herbs that resolve Phlegm and are pungent,
sweats, cough and haemoptysis. Commonly
warm and dry in nature are indicated
used herbs include:
for retention of Cold and Phlegm in the
Lungs, characterized by profuse white Radix Panacis Quinquefolii Xi Yang Shen
sputum. Commonly used herbs of this type Radix Glehniae Bei Sha Shen
include: Radix Adenophorae Nan Sha Shen
Radix Ophiopogonis Mai Dong
Rhizoma Pinelliae Ban Xia Radix Asparagi Tian Dong
Rhizoma Arisaematis Tian Nan Xing Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati YuZhu
Semen Sinapis Albae Bai Jie Zi Rhizoma Polygonati Huang Jing
Pericarpium Citri Chen Pi Bulbus Lilii Bai He

- Herbs that are cold or cool and moist in

nature are indicated for Phlegm Heat charac
terized by thick yellow sputum. Repre 10. HERBS THAT ASTRINGE THE LUNGS
sentative herbs of this type include: — These herbs are sour and astringent in
Bulbus Fritillariae Bet Mu nature. They are indicated when Lung Qi
Fructus Trichosanthis Gua Lou is scattered and attenuated by chronic
Succus Batnbusae Zhu Li cough and wheeze. Representative herbs
include:
Herbs that primarily stop cough and relieve
dyspnoea and secondarily resolve Phlegm Fructus Schisandrae Wu Wei Zi

include: Fructus Mume Wu Mei

Fructus Chebulae HeZi
Radix Asteris Zi Wan Galla Chinensis Wu Bei Zi
Flos Farfarae Kuan Dong Hua Pericarpium Papaveris Ying Su Ke
 The Lungs 93

herbs do not tonify, and thus treat the Biao

B. Interactions and
without treating the Ben.
combinations of herbs — To treat both Biao and Ben, herbs that
astringe the Lungs are combined with herbs

iclude: 1. HERBS THAT CLEAR LUNG HE^T, that tonify Lung Qi, e.g. Radix Ginseng and
MOISTEN THE LUNGS AND NOURISH Radix Astragali seu Hedysari are combined
ing Ren with Fructus Schisandrae, Fructus Mume
LUNG YIN
aiBu
and Semen Ginkgo.
fa Huang —- Herbs that clear Lung Heat are indicated for
— Clinically, patterns of Lung Qi Deficiency
ng Li Zi retention of Heat or Fire in the Lung,
often appear concurrently with patterns of
ei Guo presenting with a Full Heat pattern. Herbs
Lung Yin Deficiency and thus Lung Qi tonics
that moisten the Lungs and nourish Lung
are often combined with Lung Yin tonics,
Yin are indicated for dryness and /or
e.g. Radix Ginseng and Rhizoma Polygonati
deficiency of the Lungs, presenting with
are combined with Radix Adenophorae,
Deficiency patterns. Since pathogenic
n nature Radix Ophiopogonis and Radix Glehniae.
dryness and Heat tend to consume Body
Lung Qi — Lung Qi Deficiency may lead to Lung Yang
Fluids and damage Yin, these patterns often
de and a Deficiency, resulting in retention of Phlegm
ed herbs
exist concurrently Fluid in the Lungs. For this pattern, herbs
— Where Lung Dryness due to invasion by
that tonify Lung Qi are combined with herbs
pathogenic dryness and Heat is complicated
that warm the Lungs and resolve retained
ihen with symptoms of consumption of Body
Water, e.g. Radix Astragali seu Hedysari and
■Shen Fluids and Yin Deficiency, herbs that clear
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae are combined
'gQ' Lung Heat are combined with herbs that
with Ramulus Cinnamomi, Rhizoma
tgjing moisten the Lungs and tonify Lung Yin. For
ngShen Zingiberis, Herba Asari, Poria, Radix Asteris
example, Folium Mori, Cortex Mori Radicis
le and Flos Farfarae (Fig. 22.2).
and Rhizoma Anemarrhenae are combined
with Bulbus Fritillariae, Radix Glehniae,
Radix Adenophorae and Radix 3. HERBS THAT RESOLVE PHLEGM AND
Ophiopogonis. STOP COUGH AND WHEEZE, AND
ture and ■— Where the Yin has been damaged by febrile OTHER TYPES OF HERBS
Yin with disease, or in cases of Yin Deficiency with
a. Herbs that stimulate the dispersing
er, night Empty Fire, with symptoms of tidal fever,
function of the Lungs and herbs that
mmonly night sweats, cough, malar flush and
resolve Phlegm
haemoptysis, herbs that nourish Yin are
combined with herbs that clear Lung Heat — This combination is indicated when Phlegm
ng Shen
(Fig. 22.1). blocks the Lungs' dispersing function.
ha Shen
Sha Shen
Herba Ephedrae, Semen Armeniacae

Oong Amarum and Radix Platycodi are often

2. HERBS THAT TONIFY LUNG QI, combined with Radix Peucedani, Rhizoma
Dong
ASTRINGE THE LUNGS, WARM THE Pinelliae and Radix Stemonae.
LUNGS AND NOURISH LUNG YIN
le b. Herbs that clear Lung Heat and herbs that
— Herbs that astringe the Lungs are indicated
resolve Phlegm
for chronic cough and wheeze due to exces
sive scattering of Lung Qi. However, these — This combination is indicated for retention
JNGS

igent in
.ung Qi
chronic Pathological (Full) Heat in Lungs Damage to Lung Yin
e herbs
Lung Yin Deficiency — Lung Empty Heat

Zi
In either case, combine:
herbs that clear Lung Heat + herbs that nourish Lung Yin, and moisten the Lungs

U
Ke Fig. 22.1 Patterns of combined Lung Heat and Lung Yin Deficiency.
 94
Part .3; Application of herb* on the basis of patterns of the Zang Fu

Lung Yin Deficiency:

combine with Lung Yin tonics
i ;
til!

Lung Yang Deficiency Retention of

lljjli
i Phlegm-Fluid:
combine with herbs that
warm the Lungs and
resolve Fluid

CHRONIC COUGH : use herbs that astringe the Lungs

LUNG QI DEFICIENCY • use herbs that tonify Lung Qi

Iff

ii
Fig. 22.2 Complications of chronic cough.

of Phlegm Heat in the Lungs. Radix

Scutellariae, Cortex Mori Radicis and
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae are often combined
with Bulbus Fritillariae and Fructus
Trichosanthis.
c. Herbs that warm the Lung and herbs that
resolve Phlegm
— This combination is indicated for retention
of Phlegm Fluid, Cold Phlegm or Phlegm
Damp in the Lungs. Herba Ephedrae, Herba
Asari and Rhizoma Zingiberis are often
combined with Rhizoma Pinelliae, Fructus
Periliae and Semen Sinapis Albae.
all resolve wheeze. How do they differ in
their actions and indications?
2. Herba Ephedrae, Radix Scutellariae, Radix
Glehniae and Radix Adenophorae all stop
cough. How do they differ in their natures,
actions and indications?
3. What is the relationship between herbs that
clear Lung Heat, herbs that nourish Lung
Yin and herbs that resolve Phlegm? How are
they combined clinically?
4. What are the differences and similarities
between herbs that tonify Lung Qi, herbs
that warm the Lung and herbs that resolve
Phlegm?

d. Herbs that stimulate the descending

function of the Lung and herbs that resolve
Phlegm

— This combination is indicated for Turbid

Phlegm blocking the Lungs with a resulting
failure of Lung Qi to descend.
— For Cold Phlegm, Fructus Perillae, Semen
Armenicae Amarum and Cortex Magnoliae
are combined with Rhizoma Pinelliae,
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae and Rhizoma
Cynanchi Stauntonii.
— For Phlegm Heat, Semen Lepidii seu
Descurainiae, Cortex Mori Radicis and
Folium Eriobotryae are combined with
Bulbus Fritillariae and Fructus
Trichosanthis.

Questions
1. Herba Ephedrae, Fructus Perillae, Semen
Lepidii seu Descurainiae and Semen Ginkgo
 95

The Heart 23
>s that
nd

A. Actions, characteristics Radix Rehmanniae ShengDi

Colla Corii Asini A Jiao
and indications of common Arillus Longan Long Yan Ron
herbs

4. HERBS THAT TONIFY HEART YIN

1. HERBS THAT TON1FY HEART Ql
lifter in
— Most of these herbs are sweet and cold in
— Most of these herbs are sweet and warm in
nature. They are indicated for Heart Yin
, Radix nature and are indicated for Heart Qi
Deficiency with symptoms of palpitations, a
all stop Deficiency with symptoms of palpitations
red tongue and a thready and rapid pulse.
latures, and shortness of breath. Commonly used
Commonly used herbs include:
herbs include:
rbs that Radix Rehmanniae Sheng Di
Radix Ginseng Ren Shen
h Lung Radix Ophiopogonis Mai Dong
Radix Codonopsis Filosulae Dang Shen
low are Colla Corii Asini A ]iao
Radix Pseudostellariae Tai Zi Shen
Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati Yu Zhu
Radix Astragali seii Hedysari Huang Qi
ilarities Radix Glycyrrhizae Zhi Gan Cao
, herbs
5. HERBS THAT CLEAR HEART FIRE
resolve
2. HERBS THAT WARM HEART YANG — These herbs are primarily bitter and cold
— These herbs are pungent and warm or hot in and secondarily sweet in nature. They are

nature. They are indicated for Heart Yang indicated for Heart Fire Blazing with
Deficiency, with symptoms of palpitations, symptoms of restlessness, mouth and
cold limbs, sweating with a cold sensation of tongue ulcers, coma and a red tongue tip.

the body, cyanosis and a pulse that is feeble, Representative herbs include:

thready and fading, deep and hidden, or Radix Coptidis Huang Ltan
knotted. Commonly used herbs include: Fructus Forsythiae Lian Qiao
Fructus Gardeniae ZhiZi
Radix Aconiti Praeparata Fu Zi
Calculus Bovis Niu Huang
Rhizoma Zingiberis Gan Jiang
Radix Rehmanniae ShengDi
Ramulus Cinnamomi Gut Zhi
Herb a Lophatheri Zhu Ye
Caulis Akebiae Mm Tong
Plumula Nelumbinis Lian Xin
3. HERBS THAT TONIFY HEART BLOOD Cortex Moutan Radicis Dan Pi

— These herbs are sweet, nourishing and sticky

in nature; they may be warm, neutral or
6. SUBSTANCES THAT SOOTHE THE
cold. They are indicated for deficiency of
HEART AND CALM THE MIND
Heart Blood with symptoms of dizziness
and vertigo, palpitations, a pale tongue and — Substances which strongly settle and calm
a thready pulse. Commonly used herbs the Mind are mostly minerals or fossils,
include: while those which calm the Mind by
Radix Angelicae Sinensis Dang Gui nourishing the Heart are mostly seeds. Both
Radix Rehmanniae Shu Di types of medicinal are indicated for restless
Praeparata ness, insomnia, palpitations, irritability,
 96 Part 3: Application of herbs on the basis of patterns of the Zang Fu

depression and mania. Commonly used and are indicated for stagnation of Heart
substances which settle and calm the Mind Blood with symptoms of cardiac pain, palpi
include: tations and oppression of the chest.
Cinnabaris Zhu Sha Commonly used herbs include:
Os Draconis Long Gu
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Dan Shen
Magnetitum Ci Shi
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuan Xiong
Hi! Margarita Zhen Zhu
Chuanxiong
Concha Margaritifera Usta Zhen Zhu Mu
Ramulus Cinnamomi Gui Zhi
Succinum HuPo
Semen Persicae Tao Ren
Haematitum ZheShi Flos Carthami Hong Hua
Concha Ostreae Mu I i
Radix Paeoniae Rubra ChiShao
Herbs that calm the Mind by nourishing the Eupolyphaga seu DiBieChong
Heart include: Steleeophaga
Hirudo Shui 7hi
Semen Biotae Bai Zi Ren
Semen Ziziphi Spinosae Suan Zao Ren
Caulis Polygoni Multiflori Ye Jiao Teng
Radix Polygalae Yuan Zhi
B. Interactions and
Cortex Albiziae He Huan Pi combinations of herbs
Poria cum Ligno Hospite Fu Shen

1. HERBS THAT TONIFY HEART QI AND

HERBS THAT WARM HEART YANG
7. SUBSTANCES THAT OPEN THE
ORIFICES — Heart Yang Deficiency is often complicated
with Heart Qi Deficiency, and herbs that
— These substances are aromatic, pungent and
warm Heart Yang are thus often used in
penetrating in nature. They are indicated for
combination with herbs that tonify Heart Qi.
delirium or coma due to high fever, or
For example, Radix Ginseng is combined
sudden collapse and syncope in Wind
with Radix Aconiti Praeparata, and Ramulus
Stroke, convulsion or epilepsy. Commonly
Cinnamomi is combined with treated Radix
used substances include:
Glycyrrhizae.
Moschus She Xiang
Bomeolum Syntheticum Btng Pian
Calculus Bovis Niu Huang 2. HERBS THAT TONIFY HEART BLOOD
Rhizoma Acori Graminei Shi Chang Pu
AND HERBS THAT NOURISH HEART
Styrax Liquidus Sm He Xiang
YIN
Benzoinum An Xi Xiang
Radix Curcumae Yu Jin — With the exception of Radix Angelicae
Radix Polygalae YuanZhi Sinensis and Arillus Longan, the herbs that
Venenum Bufonis Chan Sm
tonify Heart Blood also nourish Heart Yin.
Some of the herbs that nourish Heart Yin -
With the exception of Rhizoma Acori
such as Radix Rehmanniae, Radix
Graminei, Radix Curcumae and Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata and Colla Corii
Polygalae, all of these substances are admin Asini - also tonify Heart Blood.
istered in the form of pills or powders for
— Since deficiency of Heart Blood and Heart
first aid, e.g.:
Yin often appear concurrently, these
Bolus of Calculus Bovis Niu Huang Wan categories of herbs are often used in combi
Bolus of Precious Drugs Zhi Bao Dan nation.
Bolus of Styrax Su He Xiang
Wan

3. HERBS THAT TONIFY HEART QI AND

HERBS THAT NOURISH HEART BLOOD
HERBS THAT ACTIVATE BLOOD AND HEART YIN
CIRCULATION AND RESOLVE BLOOD
STASIS IN THE VESSELS — In patterns of Heart pathology, it is quite
common that both Qi and Blood, or both Qi
These herbs are pungent or bitter in nature and Yin, are deficient.
 The Heart 97

: Heart
Heart Yin Deficiency Heart Empty Heat
, palpi-
chest. Febrile disease — damage to Heart Yin

In either case, combine: I

herbs that clear Heart Fire + herbs that nourish Heart Yin
aong

Fig. 23.1 Patterns of combined Heart Heat and Heart Yin Deficiency.

9 — Herbs that tonify Heart Qi are thus often Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Ophiopogonis
hong used in combination with herbs that nourish and Colla Corii Asini.
Heart Blood or Heart Yin.
c. Herbs that clear Heart Fire, resolve Phlegm
and open the orifices
4. COMBINATIONS OF HERBS FOR
— Mental disturbance due to obstruction of the
MIXED CONDITIONS OF EXCESS AND
Heart orifices can arise either from Turbid
DEFICIENCY
Phlegm or from exterior Heat invading the
a. Herbs that nourish Heart Yin and clear Pericardium. Since these two conditions
Heart Fire may coexist, herbs that clear Heart Heat are
often combined with herbs that open the
— Heart Yin Deficiency is likely to lead to
orifices (Fig. 23.2).
Heated Empty Heat in the Heart; on the other hand,
— For example, Rhizoma Coptidis, Fructus
)s that febrile disease at the Nutritive (Ying) level Forsythiae, Cornu Rhinoceri Asiatici and
sed in may damage Heart Yin.
Calculus Bovis are combined with
art Qi. — Herbs that nourish Heart Yin are thus
Moschus, Borneolum Syntheticum,
nbined often combined with herbs that clear Heart
Rhizoma Acori Graminei and Radix
imulus Fire. For example, Colla Corii Asini and
Curcumae.
Radix Radix Ophiopogonis are combined with
— Similarly, herbs that resolve Phlegm are
Rhizoma Coptidis and Fructus Forsythiae
combined with herbs that open the orifices.
(Fig. 23.1). For example, Radix Polygalae, Succus
Bambusae and Bulbus Fritillariae are
OD b. Herbs that tonify Heart Blood and Yin and
combined with Rhizoma Acori Graminei,
RT herbs that calm the Mind Radix Curcumae and Borneolum
— When Heart Blood and Yin are deficient, the Syntheticum.

jjelicae Heart is not nourished; this leads to restless — For restlessness with insomnia due to Heart
os that ness from Deficiency. In this case, herbs that Fire Blazing with Phlegm-Fire harassing the
rt Yin. calm the Mind are combined with herbs that Heart, herbs that clear Heart Fire are used in
: Yin- tonify Heart Blood and Yin. For example, combination with herbs that clear Phlegm
Radix Semen Biotae, Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, Os and herbs that calm the Mind. For example,
Corii Draconis and Cinnabaris-coated Poria cum Rhizoma Coptidis and Caulis Bambusae in
Ligno Hospite are combined with Radix Taeniam are combined with Cinnabaris-
Heart
these
rombi-

Turbid Phlegm
Obstruction of the
orifices of the Heart
ND Heat invading
.OOD the Pericardium

Use herbs that resolve Phlegm herbs that open

or clear Heart Heat the orifices
quite
othQi
Fig. 23.2 Patterns of obstruction of the orifices of the Heart.
98
Part 3; Application of herbs on the basis of patterns of the Zang Fu

coated Poria cum Ligno Hospite, Semen

Biotae and Os Draconis.

Questions
1. Compare and contrast herbs that tonify
Heart Qi and herbs that warm Heart Yang
How do they interrelate?
2. Compare and contrast herbs that nourish
Heart Yin, herbs that clear Heart Fire and
herbs that calm the Mind. How do they
interrelate?
 99

The Spleen, Stomach and Large 24

Intestines

A. Actions, characteristics Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Huang Qi

Rhizoma Cimicifugae Sheng Ma
and indications of common
Radix Bupleuri Chat Hu
herbs Radix Puerariae Ge Gen

1. HERBS THAT TONIFY SPLEEN AND

STOMACH QI
4. HERBS THAT RESOLVE DAMPNESS
— These herbs are sweet and warm in nature
and are indicated for Spleen and Stomach Qi — These herbs are pungent, bitter, warm, dry
Deficiency with symptoms of poor appetite, and aromatic in nature. They are indicated
loose stools and lassitude. Commonly used for retention of Dampness in the Middle
herbs include: Burner with symptoms of epigastric and
abdominal distension and fullness and a
Radix Ginseng Ren Shen
sticky tongue coating. Commonly used
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae Dang Shen
herbs include:
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari HuangQi
Rhizoma Atractylodis Bai Zhu Rhizoma Atractylodis Cang Zhu
Macrocephalae Cortex Magnoliae Hou Po
Rhizoma Dioscoreae Shan Vao Officinalis
Radix Glycyrrhizae Zhi Gan Cao Herba Agastachis Huo Xiang
Herba Eupatorii Pei Lan
Fructus Amomi Sha Ren

2. HERBS THAT WARM SPLEEN YANG Fructus Amomi Cardamomi Bai Dou Kou
Herba Elsholtziae Xiang Ru
— These herbs are pungent and warm or hot. Rhizoma Acori Graminei Shi Chang Pu
They are indicated for Spleen Yang
Deficiency with symptoms of poor appetite,
loose stools, cold limbs and a cold sensation
and pain in the epigastrium and abdomen.
5. HERBS THAT REGULATE SPLEEN AND
Commonly used herbs include:
STOMACH QI
Rhizoma Zingiberis Gan Jiang
— These herbs are pungent, warm and
Radix Aconiti Praeparata Fu Zi
aromatic in nature. They are indicated for
Cortex Cinnamomi Rou Gui
stagnation of Spleen and Stomach Qi with
Ramulus Cinnamomi Gui Zhi
Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Yi Zhi Ren symptoms of distension and pain in the
epigastrium and abdomen. Commonly used
herbs include:

3. HERBS THAT RAISE CENTRAL QI Radix Aucklandiae Mu Xiang

Fericarpium Citri Reticulatae Chen Pi
— These herbs are ascending in nature and
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus Zhi Shi
are indicated for patterns of Spleen Qi Fructus Aurantii Zhi Ke
Sinking with symptoms of chronic Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis HouPo
diarrhoea, or prolapse of the anus or Caulis Perillae Su Geng
internal organs. Commonly used herbs Fructus Amomi Sha Ren

include: Pericarpium Arecae Da Fu Pi

100 Part 3: Application of herbs on the basis of patterns of the Zang Fu

6. HERBS THAT CLEAR STOMACH FIRE 9. HERBS THAT CONDUCT REBELLIOUS

STOMACH QI DOWNWARD
— These herbs are cold and either bitter or
sweet in nature. They are indicated for — These herbs are descending, pungent and
Stomach Heat or Fire with symptoms of warm, or bitter and cold, or sweet and cold
thirst, vomiting, burning epigastric pain, in nature. They are indicated for upward
haematemesis and swelling and pain of the disturbance of Stomach Qi with symptoms
gums. Commonly used herbs include: of vomiting and hiccup. Commonly used
herbs that warm the Stomach and conduct
Rhizoma Coptidis Huang Lian
Gypsum Fibrosum
Rebellious Qi downward include:
Shi Gao
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Zhi Mu Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens Sheng Jiang
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Da Huang Flos Caryophylli Ding Xiang
Rhizoma Phragmitis Lu Gen Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum Chen Xiang
Rhizoma Pinelliae BanXia
For high fever and thirst due to Full
Fructus Evodiae Wu Zhu Yu
Heat in the Stomach, Gypsum Fibrosum
and Rhizoma Anemarrhenae are most effec — Herbs that clear Stomach Heat and conduct
tive. Rebellious Qi downward include:
For vomiting and haematemesis due to
Rhizoma Coptidis Huang Lian
Stomach Fire, Rhizoma Coptidis and Radix Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam Zhu Ru
et Rhizoma Rhei should be used. Rhizoma Phragmitis Lu Gen

— Herbs that conduct Rebellious Qi downward

7. HERBS THAT NOURISH STOMACH and stop vomiting include:
YIN Haematitum ZheShi
FlosInulae Xuan Fu Hua
These herbs are sweet and cold in nature and
are indicated for Stomach Yin Deficiency
with symptoms of retching, an uncomfort
able and empty sensation in the Stomach 10. HERBS THAT ASSIST DIGESTION

and a red tongue with scanty coating. AND INVIGORATE THE STOMACH
Commonly used herbs include: — These herbs relieve Food Retention, assist
Herba Dendrobii Shi Hu digestion and invigorate the Stomach. They
Radix Ophiopogonis Mai Dong are indicated for Retention of Food with
Radix GlehniaeBei Sha Shen symptoms of distending epigastric and
Radix Adenophorae Nan Sha Shen abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, poor
Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati Yu Zhu appetite and indigestion. Commonly used
Rhizoma Dioscoreae Shan Yao
herbs include:

Fructus Cralaegi Shan Zha

HERBS THAT DISPERSE COLD FROM Fructus Oryzae Germinatus Gu Ya

THE SPLEEN AND STOMACH Fructus Hordei Germinatus Mai Ya

Massa Fermentata Medicinalis Shen Qu
These herbs are pungent and hot or warm in Endolhelium Comeum JiNeiJin
nature. They are indicated for retention of Gigeriae Galli

Cold in the Middle Burner with symptoms Semen Raphani Lai Fu Zi

of a cold sensation and pain in the epigas

trium and abdomen. Commonly used herbs
include: 11. SUBSTANCES THAT MODERATE ACID
SECRETION
Rhizoma Alpiniae Gao Liang Jiang
Officinalis — These herbs neutralize or stop acid secretion
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens Sheng Jiang and are thus indicated for hyperacidity with
Rhizoma Zingiberis Gan Jiang
symptoms of epigastric pain and acid regur-
Ramulus Cinnamomi Gui Zhi
gitation. Commonly used substances
Flos Caryophylli Ding Xiang
include:
Peri carpi um Zanthoxyli Huang Jiao
Fructus Evodiae Wu Zhu Yu Os Sepiellae seu Sepiae Wu Zei Gu
 The Spleen, Stomach and Large Intestines 101

Concha Arcae XVa heng Zi haemorrhoids due to retention of Damp-

tous Concha Ostreae MuLi Heat in the Large Intestine. Commonly used
herbs include:
:nt and Rhizoma Coptidis Huang ttan
nd cold 12. PURGATIVE HERBS |
Radix Scutellariae Huang Qin
lpward — These herbs resolve obstruction in the Cortex Phellodendri Huang Bai
nptoms Cortex Fraxini Qin Pi
intestines and promote the discharge of
y used Radix Pulsatillae Bai Tou Weng
faeces. They are divided into three types:
:onduct Herba Portulacae Ma Chi Xian
1. herbs that purge by eliminating Fructus Bruceae Ya Dan Zi

pathogenic factors Radix Sophorae Flavescentis Ku Shen

g Jiang
2. herbs that purge by moistening
• Xiang For bleeding haemorrhoids due to Heat in
3. harsh cathartics that dispel retained
i Xiang the Large Intestine, use Radix Sanguisorbae
Water.
Xia and Flos Sophorae.
ZhuYu — Herbs that purge by eliminating pathogenic
factors are bitter and cold in nature. They are
onduct
indicated for stagnation in the intestinal 14. HERBS THAT ASTRINGE THE

tract, high fever, constipation with abdom INTESTINES TO STOP DIARRHOEA

ng Liart
inal distension and fullness, and acute — These herbs are sour and astringent in
Ru
abdomen. Commoniy used herbs include: nature and are indicated for chronic
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Da Huang diarrhoea and dysentery due to deficiency of
mward MangXiao Large Intestine Qi. Commonly used herbs
Natrii Sulfas
Folium Cassiae Fan Xie Ye include:

Herbs that purge by moistening are sweet Fructus Mume Wu Mei

and neutral, moist and oily in nature. They Fructus Schisandrae Wu Wei Zi
Semen Myristicae Rou Dou Kou
are indicated for constipation due to
Semen Euryales Qian Shi
deficiency of Body Fluids and Blood.
Semen Nelumbinis Lian Zi
Commonly used herbs include:
Fructus Chebulae HeZi
:h
Fruchis Cannabis Huo Ma Ren Pericarpium Granati Shi Liu Pi
, assist Semen Pruni Yu Li Ren Cortex Ailanthi Chun Gen Pi

i. They Fructus Trichosanthis Gua Lou Ren Halloysitum Rubrum Chi Shi Zhi

i with Semen Armeniacae Xing Ren Limonitum Yu Yu Liang

c and Amarum
Radix Angelicae Sinensis Dang Gui
i, poor
Herba Cistanchis Ron Cong Rong
y used
Harsh cathartics that dispel retained Water B. Mutual interaction and
are toxic and purge very strongly; they
■ha combinations of herbs
should therefore be used with extreme
caution. They are indicated for patterns of
>u Retention of Water in the chest and abdomen 1. HERBS THAT TONIFY SPLEEN QI,
Hn characterized by excessive pathogenic HERBS THAT WARM SPLEEN YANG
factors and strong Zheng Qi. Commonly AND HERBS THAT LIFT CENTRAL QI
Zi used herbs include:
— Spleen Yang Deficiency is often complicated
Radix Euphorbiae Kansui Gan Sui with a general deficiency of Qi. Herbs that
Radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis Da }i warm Spleen Yang are thus often combined
ACID Flos Genkwa Yuan Hua with herbs that tonify Spleen Qi. For
Semen Pharbitidis Qian Niu Zi
example, Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae and
cretion Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae are
y with combined with Rhizoma Zingiberis and
13. HERBS THAT CLEAR DAMP-HEAT
regur- Radix Aconiti Praeparata in the treatment of
FROM THE LARGE INTESTINE
;tances deficiency of the Middle Burner with stagna
— These herbs are bitter and cold in nature and tion of Cold.
are indicated for diarrhoea, dysentery and — Sinking of Central Qi is essentially a
 102
\i1 Part 3: Application of herbs on the basis of patterns of the Zang Fu

Deficient transportation
ana transformation of fluids resulls in
stagnation of flucfe and leads Jo
the tormatfon of

DAMPNESS

QI
DEFICIENCY DAMPNESS

Pathogenic Dampness is viscous;

blocks the circulation of Qi and
hinders transportation and
Iransformalion

Use herbs that regulate Q, + herbs that resolve Dampness

Fig. 24.1 The relationship between Qi circulation and Dampness.

ill'
manifestation of Spleen Qi Deficiency. Thus
in the treatment of Sinking of Central Qi,
herbs that lift the Qi such as Rhizoma
Cimicifugae and Radix Bupleuri are
combined with herbs that tonify Spleen Qi
such as Radix Astragali seu Hedysari and
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae.
Dampness and Qi Stagnation are closely
related pathological patterns (Fig. 24.1).
— Herbs that resolve Dampness and herbs that
regulate Qi are similar in nature, being
pungent, warm and aromatic. Some herbs
that resolve Dampness also regulate Qi, such
as Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis and Fructus
Amomi.

2. HERBS THAT RESOLVE DAMPNESS

AND HERBS THAT REGULATE QI
— Pathogenic Dampness is characterized by
viscosity and stagnation and thus tends to
obstruct the circulation of Qi. Stagnation of
Spleen and Stomach Qi with weakness of
transportation and transformation (YunHtta)
results in the stagnation of Internal
Dampness. Retention of Dampness leads to
further Qi Stagnation; conversely, free circu
lation of Qi resolves Dampness. Hence
3. HERBS THAT REGULATE QI AND
HERBS THAT TONIFY QI
— Herbs that regulate Qi are indicated for
stagnation of Spleen and Stomach Qi, which
is an Excess pattern. Herbs that tonify Qi are
indicated for Spleen and Stomach Qi
Deficiency, which is a Deficiency pattern.
These patterns often appear concurrently, as
stagnation results from a weakness of the
circulatory function of Qi (Fig. 24.2).

toniltcairon of 6 therefore
necessary to regulate
0 may add to the
Qi whiter tonrtying
Stagnation

Fig. 24.2 The relationship between Qi tonification and Qi regulation.

 The Spleen, Stomach and Large Intestines 103

However, herbs that tonify Qi are like to Damp-Heat in the Large Intestine and reten
aggravate Qi Stagnation in patients with tion of Dampness in the Spleen and
weakness of the Middle Burner. To provide Stomach. In the treatment of chronic
tonification without worsening stagnation, diarrhoea and dysentery due to deficiency of
Qi tonics are combined with a small|dose of the Large Intestine, herbs that stop diarrhoea
herbs that regulate Qi. For example, Radix by astringing the Large Intestine are
Codonopsis Pilosulae, Radix Astragali, combined with herbs that invigorate the
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Spleen and warm Spleen Yang. For example,
treated Radix Glycyrrhizae may be Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae, Rhizoma
combined with Radix Aucklandiae, Fructus Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Rhizoma
Amomi and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae. Dioscoreae, Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae
and Rhizoma Zingiberis are often used
together.
4. HERBS THAT NOURISH STOMACH YIN
AND CLEAR STOMACH FIRE

— Herbs that nourish Stomach Yin are

indicated for Stomach Yin Deficiency. Herbs Questions
that clear Stomach Fire are indicated for
1. Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae,
Stomach Heat or Fire. These patterns often
closely Rhizoma Coptidis, Rhizoma Zingiberis and
occur concurrently as Heat and Fire tend to
-1). Fructus Mume are all indicated for
damage Body Fluids, while Yin Deficiency
trbs that diarrhoea. How do they differ in nature,
can lead to Empty Heat. These two types of
', being actions and indications?
herb are thus often used together.
ie herbs 2. What is the clinical relationship between
Qi, such herbs that tonify Spleen Qi, herbs that warm
Fructus Spleen Yang, herbs that resolve Dampness in
5. DIFFERENTIATION OF HERBS FOR THE
the Spleen and Stomach and herbs that
SPLEEN AND HERBS FOR THE
regulate Spleen and Stomach Qi?
STOMACH
3. Compare and contrast herbs for disorders of
— Qi Deficiency, Yang Deficiency and Qi the Spleen and those for disorders of the
Stagnation often affect both the Spleen and Stomach.
Stomach. However, the Spleen is a Yin
ited for organ; it likes Dryness and dislikes
i, which Dampness. Conversely, the Stomach is a
y Qiare
Yang organ; it like moisture and dislikes
ach Qi Dryness. When the Spleen functions
pattern, properly, Spleen Qi ascends; when the
^ntly, as Stomach functions properly, Stomach Qi
i of the descends.
— Disorders of the Spleen are treated by the
methods of tonifying Qi, lifting Qi, warming
Yang and resolving Dampness with bitter
and dry herbs. Disorders of the Stomach are
treated by the methods of nourishing Yin,

^
moistening dryness and promoting Body
Fluids with sweet and cold herbs, and of
conducting Rebellious Qi downward and
relieving constipation.

6. HERBS THAT CLEAR DAMP-HEAT

FROM THE LARGE INTESTINE AND
HERBS THAT RESOLVE DAMPNESS IN
THE SPLEEN AND STOMACH

— Similar herbs are used for retention of

 104

25 The Liver and Gall Bladder

A. Actions, characteristics Haematitum Zhe Shi

and indications of common Magnetitum d Shi

herbs
Herbs
Ramulus Uncariae cum Gou Teng
1. HERBS THAT CLEAR LIVER HEAT Uncis
Rhizoma Gastrodiae Tian Ma
— These herbs are bitter and cold in nature and Folium Apocyni Veneti Luo Bu Ma
are indicated for Liver Heat and Liver Fire
with symptoms of headache, red eyes,
irritability or mania and a red tongue with a
yellow coating. Commonly used herbs 3. HERBS THAT CALM LIVER WIND

include: — These herbs are indicated for Stirring of

Radix Gentianae Long Dan Cao Liver Wind with symptoms of spasm,
Spica Pranellae Xia Ku Cao convulsions, dizziness, numbness of the
Rhizoma Coptidis Huang Lion limbs and hemiplegia. Commonly used
Fructus Gardeniae ZhiZi herbs include:
Radix Scutellariae Huang Qin
Cornu Antelopis Ling Yang Jiao
Cortex Moutan Radicis Dan Pi
Rhizoma Gastrodiae Tian Ma
Indigo Naturalis QingDai
Ramulus Uncariae cum Gou Teng
Flos Chrysanthemi JuHua
Uncis
Semen Cassiae JueMingZi
Fructus Tribuli CiJiLi
Scorpio Quan Xie
Scolopendra Wu Gong
Lumbricus DiLong
2. SUBSTANCES THAT SUPPRESS Bombyx Batryticatus Jiang Can
HYPERACTIVE LIVER YANG

— These substances are shells, minerals, or

herbs which are cold and descending in 4. HERBS THAT NOURISH LIVER YIN
nature. They are indicated for Liver Yang
Rising with symptoms of headache, dizzi — These herbs are sweet, cold or slightly
] 1
ness and vertigo, flushed face, irritability warm, nourishing and sticky in nature.

and dream-disturbed sleep. Commonly used They are indicated for Liver Yin
substances include: Deficiency with symptoms of dizziness,
blurred vision and a dry red tongue with
Shells scanty coating. Commonly used herbs
Concha Haliotidis Shi Jue Ming include:
Concha Ostreae MuLi
Radix Rehmanniae ShengDi
Concha Margaritifera Zhen Zhu Mu Radix Rehmanniae ShuDi
Usta
Praeparata
Plastrum Testudinis Gui Ban Fructus Lycii Gou Qi Zi
Carapax Trionycis Bie Jia
Radix Paeoniae Alba BaiShao
Fructus Comi Shan Zhu Yu
Minerals Radix Polygoni Multiflori He Shou Wu
Os Draconis Lnnv Gu Carapax Trionycis Bie )ia
 The Liver and Gall Bladder 105

5. HERBS THAT TONIFY LIVER BLOOD 8. HERBS THAT ACTIVATE BLOOD

CIRCULATION AND RESOLVE BLOOD
— These herbs are sweet and slightly warm,
STASIS
and nourishing and sticky in nature. They
are indicated for Liver Blood Deficiency — These herbs are bitter, pungent and
with symptoms of dizziness, blurred vision, dispersing in nature. They are indicated for
pale complexion, irregular menstruation stagnation of Liver Blood with symptoms of
with a scanty flow of pale blood, or palpable abdominal masses, stabbing pain,
amenorrhoea. Commonly used herbs amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea and a purple
include: tongue. Commonly used herbs include:

Radix Angelicae Sinensis Dang Gui Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Dan Shen
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata Shu Di Rhizoma Ligustici Chuan Xiong
Radix Paeoniae Alba Bat Shao Chuanxiong
Colla Corii Asini A Jiao Radix Angelicae Sinensis Dang Gui
Radix Polygoni Multiflori He Shou Wu Flos Carthami Hong Hua
Fructus Corni Gou Qi Zi Semen Fersicae Tao Ren
Rhizoma Sparganii San Leng
Rhizoma Zedoariae EZhu
Herba Leonuri YiMu Cao
6. HERBS THAT HARMONIZE THE
Radix Paeoniae Rubra Chi Shao
LIVER
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Da Huang

These herbs are pungent and dispersing in Cortex Moutan Radicis Dan Pi

nature and are indicated for stagnation of Resina Olibani Ru Xiang

Resina Myrrhae Mo Yao
ring of Liver Qi with symptoms of distending
Eupolyphaga seu Di Bie Chong
spasm, hypochondriac pain, mental depression or
Steleophaga
of the irritability and irregular menstruation.
Hirudo ShuiZhi
y used Commonly used herbs include:

Radix Bupleuri Chai Hu

Uao Rhizoma Cyperi Xiang Fu 9. HERBS THAT CLEAR HEAT FROM THE
Pericaipium Citri QingPi
GALL BLADDER
Reticulatae Viride
Fructus Meliae Toosendan Chuan Liatt Zi — These herbs are bitter and cold in nature.
Radix Curcumae Yu Jin They are indicated for retention of Heat in
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuan Xiong the Gall Bladder channel with symptoms of
Chuanxiong
hypochondriac pain, alternating chills and
Fructus Citri Xiang Yuan
fever, and jaundice. Commonly used herbs
Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis Fu Shou
include:
Flos Mume Albus Lu E Mei
Flos Rosae Rugosae Mei GuiHua Radix Gentianae Long Dan
Cao
:n Radix Scutellariae Huang Qin

7. HERBS THAT WARM THE LIVER Fructus Gardeniae ZhiZi

slightly
Herba Artemisiae Chinghao QingHao
nature, — These herbs are pungent and hot or Herba Artemisiae Scopariae Yin Chen Hao
•r Yin warm in nature. They are indicated for reten Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati Hu Zhang
zziness, tion of Cold in the Liver channel with Herba Taraxaci Pu Gong Ying
le with abdominal pain. Commonly used herbs
herbs include:
10. HERBS THAT BENEFIT THE GALL
Fructus Evodiae Wu Zhu Yu
Fructus Foeniculi Xiao Hui Xiang BLADDER

Semen Litchi LiZhiHe

— These herbs are bitter and cold in nature and
Fructus Litseae Bi Cheng Qie
are indicated for patterns of Gall Bladder
Zi Lignum Aquilariae Chen Xiang
Damp-Heat with symptoms of jaundice,
o Resinatum
m Yu Radix Linderae WuYao
hypochondriac pain, cholecystitis and
Cortex Cinnamomi Rou Gui cholelithiasis. Commonly used herbs
Herba Asari XiXin include:
106 Part 3: Application of herbs on th$ basis of patterns of the Zang Fu

Liver Fire

Liver Yin Deficiency - Liver Yang Rising - Liver Wind

Use herbs that nourish herbs that clear

Liver Yin Liver Fire or herbs that calm Liver
subdue Liver Yang Wind

Fig. 25.1 Complications of Liver Yin Deficiency.

Herba Artemisiae Scopariae Yin Chen Hao For Liver Heat without Fire, less powerful
Fructus Gardeniae ZhiZi herbs such as Flos Chrysanthemi,
Radix Curcumae Yu Jin Folium Mori and Concha Haliotidis are
Radix Scutellariae Huang Qin
indicated.
Herba Lysimachiae Jin Qian Cao
Spora Lygodii Hai Jin Sha
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Da Huang
3. HERBS THAT NOURISH LIVER YIN,
Natrii Sulfas Mang Xiao
Endothelium Comeum Ji Nei Jin
CLEAR LIVER HEAT, SUPPRESS LIVER
Gigeriae Galli YANG AND CALM LIVER WIND

— Liver Yin Deficiency can lead to Liver Yang

Rising, Liver Fire and the development of
Liver Wind. Herbs that nourish Liver Yin are
B. Interactions and thus often combined with herbs that clear
combinations of herbs Liver Fire, suppress Liver Yang and calm
Liver Wind (Fig. 25.1).

1. HERBS THAT CLEAR HEAT FROM THE

LIVER AND GALL BLADDER
4. HERBS THAT HARMONIZE THE LIVER
— The Gall Bladder is closely associated with AND HERBS THAT COOL OR WARM
the Liver. Herbs that clear Liver Heat also THE LIVER
clear Gall Bladder Heat. The therapeutic
— When Stagnant Liver Qi turns to Heat and
effect of these herbs may be enhanced by
Fire, herbs that harmonize the Liver are
combining them with herbs that harmonize
combined with herbs that clear Liver Heat
the Liver and herbs that benefit the Gall
and Fire (Fig. 25.2).
Bladder.
— If retention of Cold in the Liver channel
produces stagnation of Qi, herbs that warm
the Liver are combined with herbs that
2. HERBS THAT CLEAR LIVER HEAT AND
harmonize the Liver and regulate Qi
LIVER FIRE
(Fig. 25.3).
— Clearing Liver Heat is essentially the same
as purging Liver Fire, and both categories of
herbs are applicable in the treatment of
patterns of Fire or Heat in the Liver channel.
Questions
— Herbs which strongly clear Liver Heat —
such as Radix Gentianae and Fructus 1. What are the indications for herbs that
Gardeniae — will also purge Liver Fire. nourish Liver Yin, herbs that suppress Liver

Stagnant Liver Qi Liver Fire

Use herbs that harmonize herbs that clear Liver Fire

the Liver

Fig. 25.2 Combination of herbs to treat Liver Fire.

 The Liver and Gall Bladder 107

owerful LIVER CHANNEL

nthemi,
dis are
Use herbs that harmonize herbs that warm
the Liver and regulate Qi the Liver

Fig. 25.3 Combination of herbs to treat Stagnation of Cold in the Liver Channel.
IN,
IVER
Yang and herbs that calm Liver Wind? How
do these categories of herbs interrelate?
er Yang 2. Compare and contrast herbs that harmonize
merit of the Liver, herbs that benefit the Gall Bladder
■ Yin are and herbs that clear Heat from the Liver and
at clear Gall Bladder.
id calm

LIVER
RM

eat and
ver are

er Heat

channel
it warm

bs that
ate Qi

bs that
3S Liver
108

26 The Kidneys and Bladder

A. Actions, characteristics c. Herbs that tonify the Kidneys and

and indications of common stimulate the reception of Qi

herbs — These herbs are indicated for a weakness of

the Kidneys' function of receiving the Qi,
with symptoms of chronic cough or asthma.
1. HERBS THAT TONIFY KIDNEY YANG
Commonly used herbs include:
— These herbs are pungent and hot, or
Gecko Ge ]ic
sweet, salty and warm in nature. They Semen Juglandis Hu Tao Rou
consist of; Umbilical cord Qi Dai
Fructus Schisandrae Wu Wei Zi
Fructus Psoraleae Eu Gu Zhi
a. Herbs thai warm the Kidneys and
Cordyceps Dong Cliong Xia Cao
strengthen Yang
Lignum Aquilariae Chen Xiang
Resinatum
— These herbs are indicated for Kidney Yang
Deficiency with symptoms of cold limbs,
lower back pain, impotence, spermatorrhoea
and lack of libido. Commonly used herbs 2. HERBS THAT TONIFY KIDNEY YIN
include:
— These herbs are sweet, cold or slightly
Radix Aconiti Praeparata FuZi
warm, nourishing and sticky in nature.
Cortex Cinnamomi Rou Gui
They are indicated for Kidney Yin Deficiency
Cornu Cervi Pantolrichum Lu Rong
Comu Cervi
with symptoms of soreness and weakness
Lu ]iao
Rhizoma Curculiginis Xian Mao
of the lumbar region and knees, tinnitus
Herba Epimedii Yin Yang Huo and tidal fever. Commonly used herbs
Herba Cistanchis Rou CongRong include:
Radix Morindae Officinalis Ba Ji It an
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata Shu Di
Peni et Testes Callorhini Hai Gou Shcrt
Radix Rehmanniae Shetig Di
Hippocampus Hai Ma
Radix Polygoni Multiflori He Shou Wu
Fructus Corni Shan Zhu

b. Herbs that tonify the Kidneys and Yu

Fructus Ligustri Lucidi N;< Zhcn Zi
strengthen tendons and bones
Plastrum Testudinis Gui Ban
— These herbs arc indicated for soreness Radix Scrophulariae Xutin Shen
and weakness of the lumbar region and
knees due to Kidney Yang Deficiency and
for osteoporosis, chronic Bi syndromes
3. HERBS THAT STOP ENURESIS AND
and hemiplegia. Commonly used herbs
SPERMATORRHOEA
include:
— These herbs are sour and astringent in
Cortex Eucommiae Du Zhong
nature and are indicated for patterns of
Radix Dipsaci Xtt Duaii
Rhizoma Cibotii Gou ]i Kidney Qi Not Finn, with symptoms of
Ramuius Loranlhi Sang)i SUeng spermatorrhoea, diuresis and clear
Cortex Aeanthopancis Radicis Wu }ia Pi watery leucorrhoea. Commonly used herbs
Os Tigris Hit Git include:
 The Kidneys and Bladder 109

Os Draconis Long Gu Herba Lysimachiae Jin Qian Cao

Concha Ostreae MuLi Spora Lygodii Haijin Sha
Fnictus Rosae Laevi fin Ying Zi Folium PyiThosiae Shi Wei

Semen Euryales Qian Shi Herba Dianthi QuMat

Semen Nelumbinis Lian Zi i
Ootheca Mantidis Sang Piao Xiao
Fnictus Schisandrae Wu Wei Zi
Fructus Comi Shan Zhu Yu B. Interactions and
combinations of herbs
4. HERBS THAT CLEAR EMPTY KIDNEY
1. HERBS THAT CLEAR KIDNEY FIRE
FIRE
AND HERBS THAT TONIFY KIDNEY
— These herbs are bitter and cold in nature and YIN
are indicated for Empty Kidney Fire with
kness of — Herbs that clear Kidney Fire are indicated
sexual hyperfunction. Commonly used
the Qi, for Empty Heat due to Kidney Yin
herbs include:
asthma. Deficiency. Herbs that clear Kidney Fire,
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae ZhiMu such as Rhizoma Anemarrhenae and Cortex
Cortex Phellodendri Huang Bat
Phellodendri, are thus often combined with
Cortex Moutan Radicis Dan Pi
herbs that tonify Kidney Yin, such as Radix
Rhizoma Alismatis Ze Xie
Rehmanniae and Fructus Corni.

5. DIURETIC HERBS
ia Cao 2. HERBS THAT TONIFY KIDNEY YANG
— These herbs are sweet and bland in nature AND HERBS THAT TONIFY KIDNEY
and are indicated for dysuria and oedema. YIN
Commonly used herbs include:
— Because Yin and Yang have the same root,
Poria Fu Ling Kidney Yang cannot flourish without the
IN Polyporus Umbellatus Zhu Ling support of Kidney Yin. In the treatment of
Rhizoma Alismatis Ze Xie
Kidney Yang Deficiency, herbs that tonify
slightly Semen Plantaginis Che Qian Zi
Kidney Yang are often combined with herbs
nature,
that tonify Kidney Yin.
ificiency
eakness 6. HERBS THAT OPEN THE WATER
tinnitus PASSAGES
3. HERBS THAT STRENGTHEN TENDONS
i herbs
— These herbs are cold in nature and are AND BONES, HERBS THAT STIMULATE
indicated for urinary disturbance due to THE RECEPTION OF QI AND HERBS
Di retention of Heat and for haematuria, THAT TONIFY KIDNEY YIN AND
ngDi KIDNEY YANG
urolithiasis or turbid urine. Commonly used
ihou Wu
herbs include:
nZ.hu — Weakness of the tendons and bones due to
u Caulis Akebiae Mu Tong Liver and Kidney Deficiency is rooted in
Zhen Zi
Ban
n Shen
Kidney Yang Deficiency

Kidney Yin Deficiency or

^^ Empty Kidney Fire

Use herbs that tonify + herbs that clear

gent in Kidney Fire
Kidney Yin
erns of or

oms of herbs that tonify

Kidney Yang
clear
d herbs
Fig. 26.1 Complications of Kidney Yin Deficiency.
110 Part 3: Application of herbs on the basis of patterns of the Zang Fu

deficiency of Kidney Yin and Kidney Yang.

Questions
Dysfunction of the Kidneys' reception of Qi
is also rooted in deficiency of Kidney Yin 1. What is the clinical relationship between
and Yang. herbs that tonify Kidney Yin and Kidney
Herbs that strengthen the tendons and Yang, herbs that promote diuresis and open
bones, and herbs that stimulate the Kidney's the water passages and herbs that stop
reception of Qi, are therefore often combined spermatorrhoea and enuresis?
with herbs that tonify Kidney Yin and 2. What is the clinical relationship between
Kidney Yang (Fig. 26.1) herbs that tonify Kidney Yin and herbs that
clear Empty Kidney Fire?

4. HERBS THAT STOP

SPERMATORRHOEA AND ENURESIS
AND HERBS THAT TONIFY KIDNEY
YIN AND KIDNEY YANG

— Nocturnal emission and spermatorrhoea

are signs of a weakness of the Gate of
Essence; enuresis is caused by failure of
the Bladder to control urine; and clear
watery leucorrhoea is due to weakness of
the Dai channel in controlling vaginal
discharge.
— All of these patterns are rooted in Kidney
Deficiency. Herbs that stop spermatorrhoea,
enuresis and leucorrhoea are therefore often
combined with herbs that tonify the
Kidneys.

5. HERBS THAT OPEN THE WATER

PASSAGES AND PROMOTE DIURESIS
AND HERBS THAT TONIFY KIDNEY
YIN AND KIDNEY YANG

— When Kidney Yang is deficient, Qi does not

transform Water, and this leads to retention
of Water and Dampness with symptoms of
oedema and dysuria. The treatment
principle in such cases is to warm Yang and
promote diuresis with herbs that open the
water passages and warm Kidney Yang at
the same time. For example, Polyporus
Umbellatus, Poria and Rhizoma Alismatis
are combined with Radix Aconiti Praeparata
and Cortex Cinnamomi.
— On the other hand, when urinary distur
bance is due to retention of Damp-Heat in
the Bladder, the Heat will eventually
damage Kidney Yin. Even if symptoms of
Kidney Yin Deficiency are not apparent,
diuretic herbs are themselves likely to
deplete Fluids. Herbs that clear Heat and
open the water passages are therefore
combined with herbs that tonify Kidney
Yin.
2tween

<idney
Part 4:
d open

Combinations and
it stop

stween
bs that

comparisons of
commonly used
formulae
 113

Formulae for Releasing the 27

Exterior

symptoms of mild aversion to cold, mild

A. GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR
fever, nasal obstruction and runny nose, are
FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS TO
treated with Bulbus Allii Fistulosi and
RELEASE THE EXTERIOR
Semen Sojae Praeparatum, which gently
1. Formulae for Releasing the Exterior are disperse pathogenic factors from the
indicated for invasion of the surface of the Defensive level.
body (i.e. the skin, hair, muscles and Severe exterior patterns of the Excess type,
channels) by any of the Six Pathogenic with symptoms of fever, aversion to cold,
Factors. Symptoms of such a pattern include absence of sweating, dyspnoea and a tense
aversion to cold, fever, headache, nasal superficial pulse, are treated with Herba
obstruction, a superficial pulse and a white Ephedrae and Ramulus Cinnamomi, which
tongue coating. eliminate Wind-Cold more vigorously.
2. Formulae for Releasing the Exterior are If Wind-Cold is complicated with
prescribed when the treatment method Dampness, with symptoms of fever,
consists of inducing diaphoresis to Release aversion to coid, headache, lethargy and
the Exterior and eliminate pathogenic general aching, herbs are chosen which not
factors. only Release the Exterior but also eliminate
3. The main ingredients of these formulae are Dampness and relieve pain. Representative
herbs which are pungent in nature. The herbs include Rhizoma seu Radix
selection of formulae and herbs is based on Notopterygii, Radix Ledebouriellae and
the type of Exterior pattern, the method of Radix Angelicae Dahuricae.
treatment and the particular characteristics Once the principal herbs have been selected
of individual herbs. according to these principles, combinations
of secondary herbs are then prescribed
according to the signs and symptoms of the
particular case. For example:
B. FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS FOR
RELEASING THE EXTERIOR - for cough and dyspnoea add Semen
Armeniacae Amarum and Fructus
1. Formulae for Releasing the Exterior with
Perillae
pungent and warm herbs
- for stagnation of Qi with fullness of the
— Formulae for Releasing the Exterior with chest, add Rhizoma Cyperi and
pungent and warm herbs disperse Wind- Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
Cold and are thus indicated for patterns of - for Interior Heat with irritability, add
Exterior Cold. Gypsum Fibrosum, Radix Rehmanniae
— Excess-type external patterns vary in and Radix Scutellariae
severity They may consist exclusively of - for Food Retention with abdominal
Wind-Cold, or of Wind-Cold complicated distension, add Fructus Crataegi and
with External Dampness, or the retention of Massa Fermentata Medicinalis
Phlegm, or stagnation of Qi. - for retention of Phlegm-Fluid, add
— Deficiency-type external patterns may be Rhizoma Pinelliae, Rhizoma Zingiberis
complicated with Yang Deficiency or Qi and Herba Asari
Deficiency. - to prevent warm and dry herbs from
— Mild patterns of the Excess type, with damaging Yin and consuming Lung Qi,
114 Part 4: Combinations ami comparisons of commonly used formulae

add Radix Paeoniae Alba and Fructus — Representative formulae include:

Schisandrae.
- Gui Zhi Tang
- Commonly used formulae include: Cinnamon Twig Decoction
- Gui Zhi jia Ge Gen Tang
- Cong Chi Tang
Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Kudzu
Spring Onion and Prepared Soybean
- Gui Zhi Jia Hou Po Xing Zi Tang
Decoction
- Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Mag
- Cong Chi jie Ccng Tang
nolia Bark and Apricot Kernel
Spring Onion and Prepared Soybean
- Gui Zhi Fit Zi Tang
Decoction with Platycodon
- Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Prepa
- Ma Huang Tang
red Aconite
Ephedra Decoction
- Gui Zhi Jia Ren Shen Tang
- Jiu Wei Qiang Hu Tang
- Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus
- Nine-Herb Decoction with Notoptery-
Ginseng
gium
- Xiao Qing Long Tang
- Small Green Dragon Decoction 2. Formulating prescriptions for
- Da Qing Long Tang Releasing the Exterior with pungent and
Major Blue-Green Dragon Decoction cool herbs
- Xiang Su San
— Formulae for Releasing the Exterior with
Cyperus and Perilla Leaf Powder
pungent and cool herbs disperse Wind-Heat
- Deficient-type Exterior patterns manifest and are indicated for Exterior Heat patterns.
when there is a weak defensive response to This type of pattern can present in several
pathogenic factors. Invasion of the Defen different ways and these require different
sive level leads to disharmony between methods of treatment.
the Defensive (Wei) Qi and Nutritive (Ying) — If the pattern is one of Wind-Heat at the
Qi with symptoms of aversion to Wind, Defensive level with pronounced signs of
spontaneous sweating and a superficial and Heat, the method of treatment is to disperse
slow or weak pulse. The method of treat Wind-Heat with pungent and cool herbs
ment is to regulate Defensive Qi and such as Flos Lonicerae and Fructus
Nutritive Qi with Ramulus Cinnamomi Forsythiae, assisted by herbs such as Semen
paired with Radix Paeoniae Alba, and Sojae Praeparata, Herba Menthae and
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens paired with Fructus Arctii.
Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae, to disperse the — If the Heat enters the Lung channel and
pathogenic factors and at the same time produces severe coughing, herbs are
astringe the Nutrient Qi. employed which not only disperse Wind-
■ Deficient-type Exterior patterns may be Heat but also promote the Lungs' functions
complicated with disorders of the Tai Yang of descending and dispersing, such as
channel, with symptoms of rigidity and stiff Folium Mori and Flos Chrysanthemi,
ness of the neck and back. There may be assisted by Semen Armeniacae Amarum,
impairment of the Lung functions of Radix Platycodi and Radix Glycyrrhizae.
dispersing and descending, with symptoms — Pathogenic Wind-Heat is Yang in nature
of cough and wheeze. There may also be and tends to consume Body Fluids and
Yang Deficiency with cold limbs, or Qi Yin; it can easily affect the throat and
Deficiency with a feeble pulse. the Nutritive level. In this case, herbs such
For these complications, additional herbs are as Radix Adenophorae, Radix Ophio-
chosen such as: pogonis, Rhizoma Phragmitis, Radix
Trichosanthis, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae and
- Radix Puerariae, to promote the smooth
Gypsum Fibrosum should be added to the
circulation of Qi in the muscles
formula.
- Coriex Magnoliae Officinalis and Semen
— Representative formulae are:
Armeniacae Amarum to conduct
Rebellious Lung Qi downward - Yin Qiao San
- Radix Aconiti Praeparata to assist Yang Honeysuckle and Forsylhia Powder
- Radix Ginseng to tonify Qi. - Sang jit Yin
 Formulae for Releasing the Exterior 115

Mulberry Leaf and Chrysanthemum — Measles is caused by Yang toxins which

Decoction rapidly turn to Heat. The onset of measles
presents as an Exterior Heat pattern with
Wind-Cold may turn to Heat, thus trans
symptoms of a mild rash, fever, aversion to
forming an Exterior Cold pattern into an
cold, cough, runny nose and a superficial
udzu Exterior Heat pattern. Once this transforma and rapid pulse. The correct method of treat
tion takes place, the pathogenic factor will be ment is Releasing the Exterior with pungent
Mag- transmitted inward to the Shao Yang and and cool herbs, with attention to promoting
Yang Ming channels. The result will be that
the expression of the rash and clearing
all three Yang channels will be affected, but
toxins. Thus the prescription should consist
Prepa- primarily the Yang Ming channel. Signs and primarily of herbs such as Rhizoma
symptoms will then include high fever, mild
Cimicifugae, Radix Puerariae, Periostracum
aversion to cold, a bitter taste and dry
Cicadae, Fructus Arctii and Herba Menthae,
plus mouth, headache, eye pain, dry nose, a
plus one or two pungent and slightly warm
yellow dry tongue coating and a slightly
herbs such as Herba Schizonepeta and
surging pulse. Ramulus Tamarix Chinensis (Cheng Liu)
■ Alternatively, the heat produced may block
which promote the expression of the rash.
the Lung channel, producing symptoms of
— The toxic Qi of measles often invades the
and
cough and dyspnoea and a rapid pulse.
Spleen and Lung, damaging Yin and Blood
- To treat this pattern, a prescription must be
and producing symptoms of fever, thirst,
r with formulated which addresses the mixed
yellow urine, irritability, restlessness, cough,
i-Heat nature of the pathological pattern. Attention
dyspnoea, poor appetite and a dark-red
tterns. should be given to the relative proportion of
rash. In this event, combinations of herbs
ieveral pungent/warm and cold or cool herbs
should be added to the formula such as:
fferent according to the presenting symptoms and
signs. - Semen Armeniacae Amarum, Radix
- For example, when the three Yang channels Platycodi and Radix Peucedani
at the
are involved, the method of treatment is - Gypsum Fibrosum and Rhizoma Anem-
5ns of
primarily to Release the Exterior with arrhenae
sperse
pungent and cool herbs and secondarily to - Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Radix Salviae
herbs
clear internal Heat, using herbs such as Miltiorrhizae
ructus
Radix Bupleuri, Radix Puerariae, Rhizoma - Flos Lonicerae, Fructus Forsythiae and
Semen
seu Radix Notopterygii, Radix Angelicae Herba Lophatheri.
and
Dahuricae, Radix Scutellariae and Gypsum
— Representative formulae are:
:1 and Fibrosum.
- In the treatment of Heat blocking the - Sheng Ma Ge Gen Tang
) are
Lungs, the treatment method is to promote Cimicifuga and Kudzu Decoction
Wind-
ctions the function of the Lungs with pungent - Zhu Ye Liu Bang Tang
and cool herbs and to clear Lung Heat, Lophatheri-Tamarix-Arctii Decoction
ch as
:hemi, using herbs such as Herba Ephedrae,
Gypsum Fibrosum and Semen Armeniacae 3. Formulation of prescriptions to Release the
arum,

Amarum. Exterior and strengthen resistance to

le.

- If the Heat has consumed Yin, add Radix disease

lature
i and Paeoniae Alba and Radix Rehmanniae to
— Formulae which both Release the Exterior
t and nourish the Yin. and promote resistance to disease are indi
; such - Attention should be given to the relative cated for Exterior patterns with Wei Qi
)phio- proportions of pungent/warm herbs and
Deficiency. External pathogens can be either
Radix cold or cool herbs. Wind-Cold or Wind-Heat, and internal
e and - Representative formulae are:
Deficiency may involve Qi, Blood, Yin or
to the Yang, and these factors determine the selec
- Chai Ge Jie }i Tang
Bupleurum and Kudzu Decoction to tion of herbs.
Release the Muscle Layer — In most cases, Wind-Cold or Wind-Cold
- Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang complicated with Dampness are likely to
Ephedra-Prun us-Gyp sum-Glycyrrhiza invade where there is Qi Deficiency or Yang
Decoction Deficiency. The pattern thus produced is
 116
Part 4: Combinations and comparisons of commonly used formulae
II cold in nature and the prescription will
consist of:
a. pungent and warm herbs that Release the
Exterior such as Herba Ephedrae, Ramu-
lus Cinnamomi, Rhizoma seu Radix
Notopterygii, Radix Ledebouriellae and
Herba Asari
and
b. herbs that tonify Qi such as Radix Gin
seng and Radix Astragali seu Hedysari
or
- herbs that tonify Yang such as Radix Aco-
niti Praeparata and Cortex Cinnamomi.
— The dosage of each herb depends upon the
relative severity of symptoms.
— Commonly used formulae include:
- Ma Huang Fu Zi Xi Xin Tang
Ephedra, Asarum and Prepared Aconite
Decoction
- Ren Shen Bai Du San
Ginseng Powder to Overcome Patho
genic Influences
- Zai Zao San
Renewal Powder
— When there is an underlying pattern of Yin
and Blood Deficiency, Wind-Heat is more
likely to invade than Wind-Cold. In this case,
the prescription consists of
a. pungent and coo] herbs that Release the
Exterior such as Radix Puerariae, Herba
Menthae and Folium Mori
or
- pungent and slightly warm herbs that
gently Release the Exterior such as
Bulbus Allii Fistulosi and Semen Sojae
Praeparata
and
b. herbs that nourish Yin such as Rhizoma
Polygonati Odorati, Radix Ophiopogonis,
Radix Adenophorae and Radix Glehniae
or
- herbs that tonify Blood such as Radix
Angelicae Sinensis and Radix Rehman-
niae Praeparata.
— Yin and Blood Deficiency can produce
internal Heat which combines with External
Wind-Heat to impair the Lungs' descending
function. Symptoms may then include
restlessness, five-palm heat, thirst, dry throat
and cough. If this occurs, herbs such as
Radix Ampelopsis, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae,
Radix Trichosanthis, Gypsum Fibrosum,
Radix Platycodi, Radix Glycyrrhizae and
Fructus Arctii should be added.
Representative formulae include:
- ]ia]ian Wei Rui Tang
Modified Polygonatum Odoratum
Decoction
- Cong Bai Qi Wei Yin
Spring Onion Decoction with Seven
Ingredients
C. POINTS TO REMEMBER IN
FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS FOR
RELEASING THE EXTERIOR
1. The actions of herbs that Release the Exterior
are modified by dosage. For example, Radix
Bupleuri in large doses Releases the Exterior
and lowers fever; in moderate doses it
harmonizes the Liver and relieves stagna
tion; and in small doses it raises the Yang.
— Folium Mori does not work in small doses,
but only in large doses.
— Herba Asari in small doses stops cough but
in large doses it may cause respiratory paral
ysis.
— Dosage will also be dictated by individual
variations in sensitivity to herbs due to
constitutional differences, and by the
severity of the Exterior pattern itself.
2. Herbs that Release the Exterior are pungent
and scattering in nature, and their active
ingredients are volatile. It is therefore not
advisable to decoct them for a long time over
low heat, but rather to cook them quickly
using strong heat.
— Such a decoction is taken warm, twice daily.
To increase its diaphoretic action, the patient
should eat hot porridge and be covered with
thick bedclothes after taking the decoction.
— However, while absence of sweating does
not allow the elimination of pathogenic
factors, excessive sweating consumes Body
Fluids and can lead to Collapse of Yang. It is
best to induce moderate sweating only.
3 . It is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis
of the Exterior pattern before selecting a
prescription. The book Insight into Medicine
says:
To conclude, in case of deficiency of Yang,
the treatment method of invigorating the
Middle Burner and promoting diaphoresis is
adopted. If signs of Heat are present, the
method of clearing Heat and promoting
diaphoresis is adopted. If signs of Cold are
 Formulae for Releasing the Exterior 117

present, the method of warming the and Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae. Its diaphoretic
ae and
channels and promoting diaphoresis is action is therefore weak, but it regulates
adopted. In case of Retention of Food, the Defensive and Nutritive Qi. This formula is
method of promoting digestion and indicated for Wind-Cold patterns of the
promoting diaphoresis is adopted. If Deficiency type with symptoms of sweating,
oratum and a superficial and weak pulse in addition
symptoms and signs are severe and the
patient's constitution is strong, the method to other symptoms of invasion of Wind-
of producing vigorous sweating is adopted. Cold.
Seven If symptoms and signs are mild and the
2. - Da Qing Long Tang
patient's constitution is weak, the method of
Major Blue-Green Dragon Decoction
causing mild sweating is adopted.
- Xiao Qing Long Tang
- Small Green Dragon Decoction

FOR D. A COMPARISON OF COMMONLY USED — Both formulae contain Herba Ephedrae,

FORMULAE FOR RELEASING THE Ramulus Cinnamomi and Radix Glycyrrhi
EXTERIOR (TABLE 27.1) zae and are indicated for Exterior Cold pat
ixterior
terns of the Excess type.
, Radix
1. - Ma Huang Tang
— Major Blue-Green Dragon Decoction also
ixterior Ephedra Decoction
contains Semen Armeniacae Amarum,
oses it
- Gut Zhi Tang
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens and Fructus
stagna- Cinnamon Twig Decoction
Ziziphi Jujubae to strengthen the effect of
ang.
— Both formulae contain Ramulus Cinnamomi Releasing the Exterior, and Gypsum
doses,
and treated Radix Glycyrrhizae. Fibrosum to clear Internal Heat. It is thus
— Ephedra Decoction also contains Herba indicated for Exterior Cold complicated with
igh but
Ephedrae and Semen Armeniacae Amarum Interior Heat, with symptoms of thirst,
' paral-
and thus strongly promotes diaphoresis and restlessness and irritability.
controls wheeze. This formula is indicated — Small Green Dragon Decoction also con
ividual
for Exterior patterns of the Excess type with tains Radix Paeoniae Alba, Herba Asari,
iue to
symptoms of aversion to cold, fever, Rhizoma Zingiberis, Rhizoma Pinelliae and
y the
headache and general aching, with an Fructus Schisandrae, to warm the Lungs
absence of sweating and a superficial tense and resolve Phlegm-Fluid. It is indicated
ungent
pulse. for Exterior Cold patterns complicated
active
— In Cinnamon Twig Decoction, Ramulus with Interior Phlegm-Fluid, with symptoms
>re not
Cinnamomi and Radix Paeoniae Alba are of cough, dyspnoea and profuse clear
ie over

|uickly combined with Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens sputum.

? daily. Table 27.1 Comparison oi formulae for Releasing the Exterior

Datient
Formula Actions Indications
d with
:tion. Ephedra Decoction Strongly promotes diaphoresis Wind-Cold patterns of the Excess
5 does Controls wheeze type

ogenic
Cinnamon Twig Decoction Regulates Defensive and Wind-Cold patterns of the Deficiency
; Body
Nutritive Qi type
ig. It is
/.
Major Blue-Green Dragon Releases the Exterior Wind-Cold complicated with Interior
gnosis Decoction Clears Internal Heat Heat

ting a
Small Green Dragon Decoction Warms the Lungs Wind-Cold complicated with Interior
edicine Resolves Phlegm-Fluid Phlegm-Fluid

Yang, Mulberry Leaf and Disperses Wind-Heat Mild patterns of Wind-Heat

ig the Chrysanthemum Decoction Promotes the dispersing function

of the Lungs
resis is
it, the More strongly Releases the More severe patterns of Wind-Heat
Honeysuckle and Forsythia
noting Powder Exterior and clears Heal
>ld are
118 Par! 4: Combination* mid comparisons ot commonly used formulae

3. - Sangju Yin
Mulberry Leaf and Chrysanthemum
Decoction
- Yin Qiao San
Honeysuckle and Forsythia Powder

— Both formulae are pungent and cool in

nature, and are indicated for the initial
stages of Warm Disease. Both contain:

- Herba Menthae to eliminate Wind and

clear Heat
- Frucrus Forsythiae to clear Heat and Fire
Poison
- Radix Platycodi and Radix Glycyrrhizae
to ease the throat and resolve Phlegm
and
- Rhizoma Phragmitis to clear Heat and
promote Body Fluids.

— Mulberry Leaf and Chrysanthemum Dec

oction also contains Folium Mori, Flos
Chrysanthemi and Armeniacae Amarum
and is thus more effective in promoting the
dispersing function of the Lungs to stop
cough.

— Honeysuckle and Forsythia Powder also

contains Herba Schizonepeta, Semen Sojae
Praeparata, Fructus Arctii, Flos Lonicerae
and Herba Lophatheri and is thus more
effective in Releasing the Exterior and
clearing Heat.
— The former is a mild formula and is
indicated for mild Wind-Heat patterns,
while the latter is a moderately strong
formula and is indicated for more severe
Wind-Heat patterns with symptoms of a
sensation of heat, thirst and sore throat.

Questions
1. What principles should be observed in
formulating prescriptions to Release the
Exterior?
2. How would you formulate a prescription for
the treatment of Deficient-type patterns of
invasion by external pathogenic factors?
 119

Purgative formulae 28

Blood. The pattern may be complicated with

A. GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR
accumulation of Water or stagnation of
FORMULATING PURGATIVE
Blood. The disorder is most often located in
PRESCRIPTIONS
the Middle and Lower Burners but occasion
1. Purgative formulae are prescribed when ally in the Middle and Upper Burners. If the
there is substantial accumulation due to accumulation of Heat blocks the circulation
pathogenic factors in the gastrointestinal of Qi or Blood, herbs that regulate Qi or
tract with symptoms of abdominal pain, Blood and resolve Blood Stasis are added to
constipation and a forceful and full pulse. promote bowel movement and relieve
2. These formulae arc prescribed when the abdominal pain. Examples are Fructus
treatment method of choice is that of Aurantii Immaturus and Cortex Magnoliae
purging to remove obstruction in the Officinalis in formulae such as Da Cheng Qi
Interior. Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) and
3. The formulae consist of purgative Xiao Cheng Qi Tang (Minor Order the Qi
substances that relieve constipation and Decoction).
dispel substantial accumulation from the — Semen Persicae, Radix Paeoniae Rubra and
Interior. The selection of formulae depends Semen Raphani are similarly deployed in
upon the type of Excess pattern and the formulae such as Fu Fang Cheng Qi Tang
actions of individual herbs. (Revised Major Order the Qi Decoction).
— If Full Heat and stagnant Blood combine to
block the intestinal tract and produce appen
B. FORMULATING PURGATIVE dicitis with localized masses, herbs that
PRESCRIPTIONS activate the Blood, resolve Blood Stasis,
relieve pain, disperse masses and relieve
1. Formulating cold purgative formulae
swelling are added.
— Cold purgative formulae consist primarily of — For Fire Poison with severe pain, herbs that
cold and cool purgatives. They remove activate the Blood, relieve pain and clear
obstruction from the Fu organs, clear Heat Heat and Fire Poison are even more impor
and dispel accumulation of Heat. They are tant. Herbs such as Semen Persicae, Cortex
thus indicated for patterns of accumulation Moutan Radicis and Semen Benincasae are
of Heat in the Interior. used for this purpose in formulae such as Da
— The pathogenesis of such patterns is the Huang Mu Dan Tang (Rhubarb and Moutan
retention of dry faeces in the intestinal tract Decoction), to which Flos Lonicerae and
due to Heat, which blocks the Qi of the Large Herba Taraxaci can be added.
Intestine. Clinical manifestations include — If Water and Heat combine and are retained
constipation, distension, abdominal fullness in the chest and abdomen with symptoms of
and pain, tidal fever, a yellow tongue constipation, dryness of the mouth and
coating and a forceful full pulse. tongue, and epigastric and abdominal
— The main ingredients of such formulae are hardness, fullness and pain, strong purga
cold and bitter or salty substances such as tives that dispel retained Water should be
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Natrii Sulfas. added. An example of this type of combina
— The accumulation of Full Heat tends to tion is that of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and
cause stagnation of Qi, or of both Qi and Natrii Sulfas with Radix Euphorbiae Kansui
120 Part 4: Combinations and comparisons of commonly used formulae
in Da Xian Xiong Tang (Major Sinking into
the Chest Decoction).
2. Formulating warm purgative prescriptions
— These formulae are indicated for constipa
tion with abdominal pain due to retention of
Full Cold.
— The two factors of this pattern are
accumulation of faeces and pathogenic Cold.
Pathogenic Cold is resolved by warming
and the accumulation of faeces is relieved by
purging. Warm purgative formulae therefore
consist of herbs that warm the Interior and
dispel Cold, and purgative herbs. Warm
purgative herbs may be used, or a combina
tion of warm and hot herbs with cold purga
tives.
— For sudden distending and boring pain in
the heart and abdomen, lockjaw and sudden
syncope, powerful hot purgatives
combined with herbs that warm the Interior
and dispel Cold, or with cold purgatives. An
example is the combination of Fructus
Crotonis (Ba Dou) with Radix et Rhizoma
Rhei and dried Rhizoma Zingiberis in San
Wu Bet Ji Wan (Three-Substance Pill for
Emergencies).
— If the onset of the disorder is gradual, and
pathological changes are not severe but
consist of constipation, abdominal pain, a
thick white tongue coating and a deep tense
pulse, the correct method of treatment is
warming the Interior, dispelling Cold and
gently relieving constipation. In this case,
herbs that warm the Interior are combined
with cold purgatives, and Qi tonic herbs are
added to the formula. Examples are the
combination of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei with
Radix Aconiti Praeparata and Herba Asari in
Da Huang Fu Zi Tang (Rhubarb
Prepared Aconite Decoction) and the
combination of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei with
Radix Aconiti Praeparata, dried Rhizoma
Zingiberis, Radix Ginseng and treated Radix
Glycyrrhizae in Wen Pi Tang (Warm Ihe
Spleen Decoction).
3. Formulating moist purgative prescriplions
— Moist purgative formulae consist of moist
and oily mild purgatives which relieve
constipation by moistening the intestines.
They are thus indicated for constipation due
to intestinal drvness.
— The two factors in this pattern are the
accumulation of dry faeces and the
consumption of Body Fluids due to Full
Heat, Empty Heat or damage to Essence and
Blood following a prolonged illness or child
birth.
— In cases where Full Heat has consumed
Body Fluids, resulting in dry constipation,
the nature of the pattern is Excess com
the
plicated with Deficiency. Here, the method
of moistening the intestines is combined
with the method of purging by combining
moist purgatives with herbs that nourish
the Yin and harmonize the Interior and
with herbs that clear Heat, regulate Qi and
relieve constipation. An example is the
combination of Fructus Cannabis, Semen
Armeniacae Amarum, Radix Paeoniae Alba
and Mel with Fructus Aurantii Immaturus,
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis and Radix et
are
Rhizoma Rhei in Ma Zi Ren Wan (Hemp
Seed Pill).
— If dry constipation is caused by a deficiency
of Essence and Blood, the correct treatment
method is to relieve constipation gently with
warm and moist herbs, using herbs that
warm the Kidneys, moisten the intestines
and tonify Essence and Blood. However,
moist herbs can produce stagnation, and
purgatives may cause sinking of Qi in a
weak person. Therefore, herbs that regulate
Qi and herbs that raise Yang should be
added.
— An example of such a formula is Ji Chuan
fiart (Benefit the River Decoction) in which
Herba Cistanchis tonifies Kidney Essence,
moistens the intestines and relieves consti
pation; Radix Angelicae Sinensis tonifies
Blood and moistens the intestines; Radix
Achyran this Bidentatae tonifies the Kidneys
and and strengthens the lumbar region; Fructus
Aurantii relaxes the intestines and sends Qi
downward; and Rhizoma Cimicifugae raises
the clear Yang and conducts the turbid Yin
downward
4. Formulae that drive out excess waler
— Formulae for driving out water consist
primarily of herbs that dispel water and
relieve swelling. They are indicated for
accumulated water in (he chest and
abdomen and for oedema with symptoms of
distension and fullness.
— Herbs commonly used for this purpose
include Radix Euphorbiae Kansui, Flos
 Purgative formulae 121

nd the Genkwa, Radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis, constipation, the correct formula is Zeng Ye
to Full Semen Pharbitidis and Radix Phytolaccae, Cheng Qi Tang (Increase the Fluids and
■nee and all of which dispel water via urine and Order the Qi Decoction). In this formula,
jrchild- stool. herbs such as Radix Scophulariae, Radix
— However, such herbs are powerful and Rehmanniae and Radix Ophiopogonis,
nsumed somewhat toxic cathartics, and Fructus which nourish the Yin and promote Body
:ipation, Ziziphi Jujubae or other Spleen tonics are Fluids, are combined with cold purgatives
ss com- generally added to these formulae to protect such as Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Natrii
method the Middle Burner, as in Shi Zcta Tang (Ten- Sulfas.
imbined Jujube Decoction}. If constipation is due to accumulation of
mbining — If the pathological pattern includes Cold with Spleen Yang Deficiency, purgative
nourish oedema which blocks Qi circulation, as well herbs are combined with herbs that warm
ior and as Full Heat with thirst, coarse breathing, a the Interior and tonify Qi. An example is
Qi and hard abdomen and constipation, herbs Wen Pi Tang (Warm the Spleen Decoction),
is the that regulate Qi should be added. An in which Radix et Rhizoma Rhei is combined
Semen example of such a formula is Zhou Che with Radix Aconiti Praeparata, Rhizoma
lae Alba Wan (Vessel and Vehicle Pill), in which Zingiberis, Radix Ginseng and treated Radix
na turns, Radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis, Radix Glycyrrhizae.
ladix et Euphorbiae Kansui, Flos Genkwa and
(Hemp Semen Pharbitidis are combined with
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride,
C. POINTS TO REMEMBER IN
■ficiency Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Radix
eatment
FORMULATING PURGATIVE
Aucklandiae, Semen Arecae and Radix et
PRESCRIPTIONS
itly with Rhizoma Rhei.
rbs that 1. Purgative formulae work in different ways,
ites tines depending upon the dosage and the method
5. Formulating prescriptions to purge and
owever,
of decoction and administration. For
tonify simultaneously
on, and example, Major Order the Qi Decoction and
Qi in a — These formulae consist of purgative herbs Minor Order the Qi Decoction have different
regulate and tonic herbs in combination. They are actions and indications despite having
ould be indicated for an accumulation of pathogenic similar ingredients. If Fructus Aurantii
factors in the gastrointestinal tract compli Immaturus and Cortex Magnoliae
i Chuan cated with a deficiency of the Upright Offidnalis are prescribed in large dosages
n which (Zheng) Qi of the body. In such cases, purga and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei is added toward
Essence, tive herbs alone will further damage the the end of the cooking time, the purgative
i consti- Upright Qi, while tonic herbs alone will effect will be strong. If Fructus Aurantii
tonifies strengthen the pathogenic factors. Immaturus and Cortex Magnoliae
;; Radix — Interior patterns of Excess can consist either Officinalis are used in small dosages and the
Kidneys of accumulation of Heat or accumulation three herbs are cooked together, the purga
Fructus of Cold. Internal deficiency may involve tive effect will be weaker.
ends Qi Yin, Yang, Qi or Blood. The selection of — Fructus Crotonis, an ingredient of Three-
ae raises formulae thus depends upon the individual Substance PHI for Emergencies, is a
rbid Yin case. powerful cathartic and should be adminis
— If accumulation of Heat is severe, and Qi and tered in small doses, in the form of pills or
Blood are deficient, the method of clearing powder with the oil removed in order to
Heat with powerful purgatives is combined reduce its irritant effect on the stomach and
with the method of tonifying Qi and intestines.
consist Blood. An example of such a formula is — Similarly, if Radix Euphorbiae Kansui is
ter and Huang Long Tang (Yellow Dragon taken in large doses it will effectively drive
ited for Decoction), in which Major Order the Qi out excess water but is likely to damage
■st and Decoction is combined with Qi and Blood Stomach Qi. This side-effect is largely
)toms of tonics such as Radix Ginseng and Radix avoided if it is taken in small doses and
Angelicae Sinensis. combined with jujube, as in Ten-Jujube
purpose — If there is an accumulation of Heat in Yang Decoction, in order to minimize its
ji, Flos Ming which consumes Yin, producing dry toxicitv.
 122 Part 4: Combinations and comparisons of commonly used formulae

2. Purgative formulae dispel accumulated - Xiao Cheng Qi Tang

pathogenic factors, but tend to damage
Upright Qi. They are therefore contraindi-
cated in cases of:
- extreme deficiency of Qi and Blood with a
hesitant and feeble pulse
- Kidney Yang Deficiency with cold limbs
- Exterior patterns in which the pathogenic
factors have not entered the Interior
- internal deficiency and Rebellious Qi
with nausea, vomiting and hiccup
- dryness of the stool followed by loose
stools.
— In his book A Medical Text for Confudanists to
Serve Family Members and Relatives, Zhang
Zihe says, 'Purgatives are prohibited in case
of diarrhoea due to Cold, in case of Cold
invasion with a superficial pulse, in case of
deficiency of both the Exterior and the
Interior and in case of cyanosis of the lips
and cold limbs.'
— In his book Insight into Medicine, Cheng
Minor Order the Qi Decoction
- Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang
Regulate the Stomach and Order the Qi
Decoction
- These are known as Three Purgative
Decoctions. All of them use Radix et
Rhizoma Rhei to dispel accumulated Heat in
the gastrointestinal tract and all are thus
indicated for Yang Ming Fu patterns of Full
Heat.
- In preparing Major Order the Qi Decoction,
the herbs are cooked for a short time and
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Natrii Sulfas are
added toward the end of the cooking time.
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Cortex
Magnoliae Officinalis are used in large
doses. These factors make this formula a
powerful purgative and it is often prescribed
in the treatment of severe Yang Ming Heat,
characterized by distress, fullness and
dryness.

Zhongling points out, 'Constipation can be
the result of dryness of Blood in old age,
exhaustion of Blood following childbirth,
consumption of Body Fluids and Blood due
\i
to prolonged illness.... Pathological condi
tions will deteriorate if purgatives are taken
carelessly.'
- Minor Order the Qi Decoction does not
contain Natrii Sulfas, and Radix et Rhizoma
Rhei is cooked together with smaller doses
of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Cortex
Magnoliae Officinalis. The formula is thus
milder in its action and is used in the treat
ment of less severe Yang Ming Heat, charac
terized by distress and fullness without
dryness.

D. A COMPARISON OF COMMONLY USED Regulate the Stomach and Order the Qi

PURGATIVE FORMULAE (TABLE 28.1) Decoction does not contain Fructus Aurantii
Immaturus and Cortex Magnoliae
1. - Da Cheng Qi Tang Officinalis. Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and
Major Order the Qi Decoction Radix Glycyrrhizae are cooked together and

Table 28.1 Comparison of purgative formulae

Formula Actions Indications

Major Order the Qi Decoction Purges strongly Yang Ming Heat (severe) with distress,
fullness, dryness

Minor Order the Qi Decoction Purges less strongly Yang Ming Heat (less severe) with
distress and fullness onlv

Regulate the Stomach and Order Purges mildly Yang Ming Heat (mild) with no

B
theQi Decoction
Qi stagnation

Yellow Dragon Decoction Clears Heal Interior Full Heat complicated with
Dispels accumulation Qi and Blood Deficiency
Tonifies Qi and Blood

Increase the Fluids and Order the Qi Clears Heat Acute febrile disease or Yang Ming
Decoction Nourishes Yin and Fluids Heat with Yin deficiency
Relieves constipation
 Purgative formulae 123

Natrii Sulfas is added later. These factors

make this formula even gentler in its action
and it is often used in the treatment of mild
theQi cases of Yang Ming Heat with no signs of Qi
Stagnation. I
rgative 2. - Huang Long Tang
dix et Yellow Dragon Decoction
Heat in - Zeng Ye Cheng Qi Tang
■e thus Increase the Fluids and Order the Qi
of Full Decoction

oction, — Both of these formulae combine purgation

ne and with tonification and contain Radix et

Rhizoma Rhei and Natrii Sulfas. They are
Ifas are
g time. indicated for the accumulation of pathogenic
factors in the Interior complicated with
Cortex
i large
deficiency of Upright Qi.
— Yellow Dragon Decoction combines Natrii
nula a
Sulfas and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei with
scribed
y Heat,
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Cortex

s and Magnoliae Officinalis in order to clear Heat,

relieve constipation and dispel accumulation
from the gastrointestinal tract. The formula
>es not
also contains Radix Ginseng, Radix
lizoma
r doses
Glvcyrrhizae and Radix Angelicae Sinensis
to tonify Qi and Blood. It is thus indicated
Cortex
for Interior Full Heat patterns complicated
is thus
with deficiency of Qi and Blood, with
e treat-
charac-
symptoms of constipation, abdominal

vithout
distension, fullness and pain, a feverish
sensation of the body, thirst, lassitude, a
burnt yellow or dark tongue coating and a
the Qi
.urantii
deficient pulse.
— Increase the Fluids and Order the Qi
gnoliae
Decoction combines Natrii Sulfas and Radix
ei and
et Rhizoma Rhei with Radix Scrophulariae,
\er and
Radix Ophiopogonis and Radix Rehmanniae
to nourish Yin, clear Heat, increase Body
Fluids and relieve constipation. This formula
is thus indicated for acute febrile diseases
and Yang Ming Heat with Yin Deficiency,
listress, with symptoms of constipation, thirst, dry
lips, a dry and burnt yellow tongue coating
and a thready and rapid pulse.
ith

Questions
with 1. What are the indications for purgative
formulae?
2. How are cold purgative prescriptions
ling formulated?
 124

29 Formulae for clearing Heat

A. GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR - Bai Hu Tang

FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS TO White Tiger Decoction

CLEAR HEAT - Zhi Zi Don Chi Tang
Gardenia and Prepared Soybean
(i* 1. Formulae for clearing Heat are indicated for Decoction
Interior Heat patterns caused either by-
invasion of pathogenic Heat into the Interior
- Since Full Heat consumes Body Fluids, and
or by Empty Heat in the Zang Fu. Symptoms
residua] Heat is often accompanied by
include fever, restlessness, thirst with a
deficiency of both Qi and Yin, herbs
preference for cold drinks, flushed face, a
that tonify Qi and nourish Yin should be
red tongue with yellow coating and a
added. Examples are Radix Ginseng in Bai
surging rapid pulse.
Hu ]ia Ren Shen Tang (White Tiger plus
2. These formulae are prescribed when the
Ginseng Decoction), and Radix Ginseng
treatment method consists of clearing
Interior Heat.
and Radix Ophiopogonis in Zhu Ye Shi
Gao Tang (Lophatherus and Gypsum
3. The mam ingredients of these formulae are
Decoction).
herbs that clear Interior Heat.
- If Qi level Heat is not resolved it may
enter the Blood level, in which case herbs
that clear Heat and cool Blood should
B. FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS FOR be added. An example of such a formula is
CLEARING HEAT Hua Ban Tang (Decoction for Relieving
Feverish Rash), which contains Cornu
1. Formulating prescriptions for clearing Qi
Rhinoceri Asiatici and Radix Scrophulariae.
level Heat
The Heat may stir up Liver Wind, in
— Qi level Heat is caused by the invasion of which case herbs should be added that calm
pathogenic factors into the Interior, where the Wind and stop convulsion, as in Ling
they then transform to Heat, or by the reten Ma Bai Hu Tang (White Tiger Decoction
tion of residual Heat after an illness. The with Antelopis and Gastrodia), which
Heat tends So involve the Lungs and contains Cornu Antelopis and Rhizoma
Stomach. Gastrodiae.
— If the pattern is caused by the invasion of Qi level Heat may also be complicated with
pathogenic factors, symptoms will include pathogenic Dampness, in which case herbs
high fever, restlessness, profuse sweating that clear Heal and resolve Dampness
and a surging and forceful pulse. should be added, as in Bui Hu Jin Cnng Zhu
— If the pattern is caused by the retention of Tang (White Tiger Decoction with
residua] Heat after an illness, symptoms will Atractylodis), which contains Rhizoma
include restlessness, dry mouth and lips, a Atractylodis. If Qi level Heat is complicated
red tongue with scanty coating and a with Yang Ming Fu syndrome, herbs that
deficient pulse. purge Heat and relieve constipation should
— Commonly used herbs include Gypsum be added, as in Bai Hu Cheng Qi Tang (White
Fibrosum, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Fructus Tiger Decoction for Ordering the Qi},
Gardeniae and Herba Lophatheri. which contains Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and
Commonly used formulae include: Natrii Sulfas.
 Formulae for clearing Heat 125

2. Formulating prescriptions for clearing Rhizoma Acori Graminei and Radix

Nutritive level Heat and cooling Blood Curcumae

— These formulae consist primarily of herbs

Cornu Antelopis and Ramulus Uncariae
that clear Nutritive level Heat and cool
cum Uncis
Blood. They are indicated for invasion of the
or
Nutritive and Blood levels by pathogenic
Purple Snow Special Pill (Zi Xue
Heat.
Dan) and Calm the Palace Pill with
— Heat at the Nutritive level is a further devel
Cattle Gallstone (An Gong Niu Huang
opment of Heat at the Qi level and is the
Wan).
beginning of the pattern of Heat at the Blood
level. Nutritive Qi communicates with the
3. Formulating prescriptions for clearing
Heart and pathological changes at the
Heat and Fire Poison
Nutritive level are characterized by
consumption of Yin and disturbance of the — Formulae for clearing Heat and Fire Poison
Heart and Mind. The symptoms of Heat at consist primarily of herbs that clear Heat
the Nutritive level include a feverish sensa and Fire Poison. They clear Heat and Fire
tion which is worse at night, delirium, indis Poison, purge Fire and treat skin ulcers and
tinct skin eruptions, a deep-red dry tongue are thus indicated for severe deep-rooted
ds, and
and a thready and rapid pulse. Once the Fire Poison such as infectious epidemic
ted by
pathogen has entered the Nutritive level, it diseases, acute febrile diseases, and ulcers,
herbs
may return to the Qi level or travel deeper to boils and furuncles.
iuld be
invade the Pericardium or stir up Liver — Their main ingredients include Radix
in Bai
Wind. Formulae for clearing Nutritive level Scutellariae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Cortex
:r plus
Heat consist of: Phellodendri, Fructus Gardeniae, Flos
jinseng
Lonicerae, Fructus Forsythiae, Radix Isatidis
Ye Shi - salty and cold herbs that clear Nutritive and Herba Andrographitis (Chuan Xin Lian).
ypsum
level Heat and cool Blood, such as Cornu — Other herbs should be added according to
Rhinoceri Asiatici, Radix Scrophulariae the areas affected by Fire Poison and other
it may
and Radix Rehmanniae clinical manifestations.
2 herbs
and — If the Fire Poison invades the Triple Burner,
should
- bitter and cold herbs that clear Heat, such with symptoms of a feverish sensation of the
mula is
as Radix Scutellariae, Rhizoma Coptidis body, restlessness, irritability, haemoptysis,
lieving
and Fructus Gardeniae epistaxis or skin eruptions, the method of
Cornu
and clearing Heat and purging Fire should be
ulariae.
- sweet and cold herbs lhat nourish Yin, followed by combining bitter and cold herbs
ind, in
such as Radix Ophiopogonis and Herba such as Radix Scutellariae, Rhizoma
at calm
Dendrobii Coptidis and Cortex Phellodendri with
in Ling
or
Fructus Gardeniae and Radix et Rhizoma
coction
- herbs that clear Nutritive level Heat Rhei. The representative formula is Huang
which
through the Qi level, such as Flos Lian fie Du Tang (Coptis Decoction to
hizoma
Lonicerae, Fructus Forsythiae and Herba Relieve Toxicity).
Lophatheri — If Fire Poison is retained in the head and
?d with
or face, presenting with redness, swelling and a
e herbs
- herbs that cool and activate Blood such as hot sensation of the head and face, red eyes,
mpness
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae and Radix mouth ulcers and a painful swollen throat,
ng Zhu
PaeoniaeRubra. the method of clearing is combined with the
with
method of dispersing. This is done by
hizoma — The representative formula for this pattern is
prescribing:
plicated Qing Ying Tang (Clear the Nutritive Level
■bs that Decoction). - herbs that purge Fire and clear Fire
should — If pathogenic Heat at the Nutritive level goes Poison in the Upper Burner, such as
(White deeper and results in delirium, or if it Radix Scutellariae, Rhizoma Coptidis,
ie Qi), damages the Yin and stirs up Liver Wind, Radix Scrophulariae, Lasiosphaera seu
hei and causing convulsions, the formula should be Calvatia {Ma Bo), Fructus Forsythiae and
augmented with: Radix Isatidis
 126
Part 4: Combinations and comparisons of commonly used formulae
and
- pungent and cool herbs that clear and
disperse Heat, such as Fructus Arctii,
Bombyx Batryticatus and Herba
Menthae.
— The representative formula is Pu Ji Xiao Du
Yin (Universal Benefit Decoction to
Eliminate Toxin).
— If the Fire Poison moves to the pubic region
or if Blood Stasis and Heat combine in the
lower limbs, presenting with large carbun
cles in the pubic region and gangrene of the
toes, herbs that clear Heat are combined
with:
- herbs that drain Dampness through the
urine, such as Semen Plantaginis, Caulis
Akebiae and Rhizoma Alismatis
and/or
- herbs that nourish and activate Blood
such as Radix Angelicae Sinensis and
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae.
— The representative formulae are Long Dan
Xie Gan Tang (Gentiana Draining the Liver
Decoction) for scrotal abscess and swelling
of lymph nodes in the groin due to venereal
disease and Si Miao Yong An Tang (Four-
Valiant Decoction for Well-being) for
gangrene of the toes.
— If Fire Poison is retained in the vessels and
muscles, forming boils, ulcers and furuncles,
herbs that clear Fire Poison and treat suppu
rating skin conditions, such as
Lonicerae, Fructus Forsythiae, Herba
Taraxaci, Herba Violae and Flos
Chrysanrhemi are used. These are combined
with herbs that activate Blood, relieve
swelling and soften hard masses, such as the
Mil tail of Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Resina
Olibani, Resina Myrrhae, Squama Manitis,
Spina Gleditsiae and Bulbus Fritillariae.
— The representative formulae are Wu Wei Xiao
Du Yin (Five-Ingredient Decoction to
Eliminate Toxin) and Xian Fang Huo Ming
Yin (Sublime Formula for Sustaining Life).
4. Formulating prescriptions for clearing
Heat in the organs
— Each of the Zang Fu has its own physiolog
ical functions, channel and location and its
own symptoms and signs of disease-
Patterns of disease may involve a singie
organ or two or more organs simultaneously.
Formulae for clearing Heat in the organs are
prescribed according to the functions of the
affected organs, their related channels,
related organs and the actions of individual
herbs.
— For example, before formulae for clearing
Heat in the Heart are prescribed it must be
known that the Heart houses the Mind,
dominates the blood vessels, opens into the
tongue, is externally - internally related to
the Small Intestine and has a Fire-Water
relationship to the Kidneys. It must also be
known that Heart Fire can disturb the Mind,
damage the Blood, cause Blood Stasis and
move upward to affect the tongue or
downward to affect the Small Intestine.
Symptoms of Heart Fire can thus include a
heat sensation in the heart and chest,
restlessness, tongue ulcers, scanty deep-
yellow urine, insomnia, haemorrhage and
suppurating skin conditions.
- The herbs used to treat such a pattern
include:
- bitter and cold herbs that enter the Heart
channel and clear Heat, such as Rhizoma
Coptidis and Fructus Gardeniae
- herbs that nourish Yin and Blood, such as
Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Scrophulariae
and Colla Corii Asini
- herbs that clear Heat through the urine,
such as Herba Lophatheri, Caulis
Akebiae and Semen Plantaginis
- herbs that clear Heat in the Heart and
Flos
calm the Mind such as Cinnabaris and
Succinum
- herbs that cool Blood and stop bleeding
such as Rhizoma Imperatae and Herba
Cephalanoploris.
- The representative formulae are Dao Chi San
(Eliminating Redness Powder) and Xie Xin
Tang (Drain the Epigastrium Decoction).
- Before prescribing formulae for clearing
Liver Heat it must be understood that the
Liver stores Blood, promotes the free flow of
Qi, opens into the eyes, is externally - inter
nally related to the Gall Bladder, has a Wood
- Earth relationship with the Spleen and has
a common origin with the Kidney; and thai
the Liver channel encircles the pubic region,
passes through the hypochondrium, links
with the eye system and reaches the vertex.
It must also be understood that excessive
Heat in the Liver channel can damage Liver
Blood, impair the function of promoting the
free flow of Qi, affect the Gall Bladder,
 Formulae for clearing Heat 127

disturb the head and eyes, invade the Spleen the secondary treatment method is clearing
i of the
and Stomach and consume Kidney Yin, Heat with cold and cool herbs.
annels,
producing hypochondriac pain, acid regur- — Patterns of Interior Heat may involve the Qi,
ividual
gitation, a bitter taste in the mouth, poor Blood, Zang and/or Fu; clinical manifesta
appetite, headache, red eyes and! turbid tions will vary according to the location of
learing
vaginal discharge. the disease and the method of treatment
lust be
■ To clear Liver Heat, the primary herbs used must be adapted accordingly.
Mind,
are those which clear Heat in the Liver — The severity of the pattern also determines
nto the
channel, such as Radix Gentianae, Radix which herbs are selected. Severe Interior
ated to
Scutellariae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Indigo Heat will not improve if only mild herbs are
-Water
Naturalis, and Aloe. These are combined used. Conversely, if strong herbs are used to
also be
with:
treat mild Interior Heat patterns, patterns of
: Mind,
Cold will be created.
sis and - herbs that nourish Liver Blood such as — The constitution of the patient is another
pie or
Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Paeoniae relevant factor in the selection of herbs.
testine.
Alba and Radix Rehmanniae Strong herbs should be used if the patient
:lude a
or has a strong constitution and Interior Full
chest,
- herbs that clear Damp-Heat such as Heat; even if the action of the herbs is too
deep- Caulis Akebiae, Rhizoma Alismatis and strong, it will not cause serious problems.
ge and
Semen Plantaginis However, if the patient has a weak constitu
or tion (e.g. women in the postpartum period),
pattern
- herbs that harmonize the Liver and cold and cool herbs should not be prescribed
disperse Fire such as Radix Bupleuri and in large doses even if there is high fever. In
b Heart Radix Ledebouriellae. these cases, the Heat should be cleared
nizoma - The representative formulae are Long Dan gradually to avoid the situation wherein
Xie Gan Tang (Gentiana Draining the Liver 'Heat is not cleared, but internal Cold is
such as Decoction), Zuo )in Wan (Left Metal Pill), produced'.
ulariae
and Dang Gui Long Hui Wan {Dang Gui, 2. Therapeutic results are also related to
Gentian and Aloe Pill). dosage and the method of decoction and
• urine, administration. For example, Gypsum
Caulis Fibrosum is a mineral and its active ingredi
ents are not easily extracted by cooking. It is
irt and C. POINTS TO REMEMBER IN therefore often prescribed in large doses and
ris and FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS FOR decocted for a long time before adding other
CLEARING HEAT herbs.
leeding
1. Interior Heat patterns may be patterns of — Flos Lonicerae and Herba Houttuyniae
Herba Excess or Deficiency.
should not be decocted for a long time as this
— Patterns of Excess are characterized by disperses their active ingredients.
abrupt onset, short duration, severe — Extremely bitter and cold herbs such as
Zhi San
symptoms and rapid pathological changes. Radix Scutellariae, Rhizoma Coptidis,
Xie Xin
They tend to consume Qi and Body Fluids Cortex Phellodendri and Radix Gentianae
on),
and can cause the Blood to move recklessly. can easily damage the Stomach and Spleen.
learing
The main clinical manifestations include They should therefore not be prescribed in
hat the
high fever, restlessness, flushed face, yellow large doses, nor taken for a long time.
flow of
urine, dry stool, a rapid and forceful — Radix Rehmanniae is cold, nourishing and
- inter-
pulse and a red tongue with yellow coating sticky in nature and when taken in large
i Wood.
or thorns. In severe cases, there may be doses for a long time may impair the
md has
convulsions, mania and haemorrhage. function of the Spleen and Stomach.
nd that
The correct treatment method is clearing 3. Formulae for clearing Heat are contraindi-
region,
cated in cases of persisting Exterior patterns,
i, links Heat.
— Patterns of Deficiency are characterized by deficiency of the Spleen and Stomach with
vertex,
slow onset, long duration, slow pathological stagnation of Cold, Yang Deficiency with
cessive
changes, Yin Deficiency and excess of Yang. fever, and patterns of True Cold and False
e Liver
The primary treatment method is that of Heat.
ing the
nourishing Yin with sweet and cold herbs; — Patterns of Deficient Fire are treated by
ladder,
128 Par! 4: Combinations and comparisons of commonly used formulae

tonification rather than clearing. For patterns of Qi level Full Heat. Typical
example, Empty Fire due to Kidney Yin symptoms include high fever, profuse
Deficiency is treated by strengthening Water sweating, restlessness, severe thirst and a
to control Fire. Floating Yang due to Kidney large and surging pulse.
Yang Deficiency is treated by returning the — Lophatherus and Gypsum Decoction clears
Fire to its origin. Heat more gently, but also nourishes Qi and
— In these cases, the method of clearing Heat Yin, harmonizes the Stomach and stops
would aggravate the pathological condition. vomiting. It is thus indicated for the late
stage of febrile disease marked by damage to
Qi and Body Fluids and retention of residual
D. A COMPARISON OF FORMULAE FOR
Heat. Typical symptoms include a feverish
CLEARING HEAT (TABLE 29.3)
sensation, profuse sweating, restlessness,
1. - BaiHu Tang thirst with desire to drink, a red tongue with
White Tiger Decoction scanty coating and a thready and rapid
- Zhu Ye Shi Gao Tang pulse.
Lophatherus and Gypsum Decoction — White Tiger Decoction is an extremely cold
formula used in the treatment of severe Full
— Lophatherus and Gypsum Decoction is
Heat patterns. Lophatherus and Gypsum
White Tiger Decoction with Rhizoma
Decoction clears Heat but tonifies at the
Anemarrhenae removed and Radix Ginseng,
same time and is used in the aftermath of
Rhizoma Pinelliae, Radix Ophiopogonis and
febrile disease to clear Heat from Deficiency.
Herba Lophatherus added. Both formulae
clear Heat and promote Body Fluids and are 2. - Qing Ying Tang
indicated forQi level Heat. Clear the Nutritive level Decoction
— White Tiger Decoction is more powerful in - Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang
clearing Heat and promoting Body Fluids Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia
and is thus indicated for Yang Ming Heat or Decoction

Table 29.1 Comparison of Formulae for clearing heat

Formula Actions Indications

While Tiger Decoction Strongly clears Heat Yang Ming Heat

Promotes Body Fluids Qi level Full Heat

Lophatherus and Gypsum Clears Heat more gently Late stage febrile disease with
Decoction Nourishes Qi and Yin residua] Heat and damage to Fluids
Harmonizes the Stomach

Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Clears Heat from Nutritive Blood level Heat
Decoction and Blood levels
Stops bleeding
Resolves Stasis

Clear the Nutritive Level Decoction Clears Heat from Nutritive Nutritive level Heat
and Blood levels
ClearsQi level Heat
Nourishes Yin

Clearing the Stomach Powder Clears Stomach Fire Stomach Fire

Cools Blood

Jade Woman Decoction Clears Stomach Heat Stomach Heat complicated with Yin
Nourishes Yin Deficiency

Expelling Whiteness Powder Clears Lung Heat 1 ung Heat which has damaged Yin,
Nourishes the Stomach but Fire not severe

Reed Decoction Clears Lung Heat l.unp abscess due to retention ot

Dispels Blood Stasis and pus stagnant P1n"d and Heat
 Formulae for clearing Heat 129

— These are the representative formulae for ingredients, both clear Stomach Heat.
Typical
clearing Nutritive level Heat and cooling Clearing the Stomach Powder clears
irofuse
Blood. Both contain Cornu Rhinoceri and Stomach Fire and cools Blood and is thus
and a
Radix Rehmanniae to clear Heat from the indicated for toothache due to Stomach Fire
Heart, clear Fire Poison, cool Blood and and bleeding gums due to Heat damaging
i clears
nourish Yin. Both are indicated for Heat at the blood vessels. Jade Woman Decoction
3i and
the Nutritive and Blood levels, with clears Stomach Heat and nourishes Yin and
'S
symptoms of fever which is more is thus indicated for toothache, epistaxis,
le late
pronounced at night, mild thirst, restless restlessness and thirst due to Stomach Heat
rage to
ness, insomnia, delirium, a deep-red tongue complicated with Yin Deficiency.
;sidual
;verish and a rapid pulse.
4. - Xie Bai San
— Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia
ssness, Expelling Whiteness Powder
e with Decoction consists of herbs that act only on
- Wei ]ing Tang
rapid the Blood level such as Cornu Rhinoceri,
Reed Decoction
Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Paeoniae and
Cortex Moutan Radicis. It is thus more effec — Expelling Whiteness Powder consists of
y cold
tive in cooling Blood and stopping bleeding; Cortex Lycii Radicis, Cortex Mori Radicis,
re Full
it also resolves Blood Stasis. It is indicated Radix Glycyrrhizae and non-glutinous rice.
/psum

for Blood level Heat with symptoms of Reed Decoction consists of Rhizoma
at the
haemoptysis, haematemesis, epistaxis, Phragmitis, Semen Coicis,
Semen
ath of
haematuria, bloody stools, dark-purple Benincasae and Semen Persicae. Both
:iency.
ecchymoses and petechiae and a deep-red or formulae clear Lung Heat and stop cough
purple tongue. and are thus indicated for cough and
— In addition to Cornu Rhinoceri and Radix dyspnoea due to Lung Heat.
Rehmanniae, Clear the Nutritive Level — Expelling Whiteness Powder clears Heat as
Decoction also contains Radix Salviae its primary function and nourishes the
Miltiorrhizae, Radix Scrophulariae, Radix Stomach as a secondary function, in accor
Ophiopogonis, Rhizoma Coptidis, Herba dance with the concept of nourishing the
Lophatheri, Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Earth to strengthen Metal. It is indicated
Forsythiae. Because it contains herbs that when Lung Heat has damaged the Yin, and
clear Qi level Heat as well as herbs that clear when Qi fails to descend properly, but
Heat from the Nutritive and Blood levels, Upright Qi is not severely damaged and Fire
this formula is more effective in clearing is not severe.
Heat from the Nutritive level via the Qi — Reed Decoction not only clears Lung Heat
level, and nourishing Yin. It is thus indicated but also dispels Blood Stasis and pus and is
-luids for Heat at the Nutritive level, with thus indicated for lung abscess formed by
symptoms of fever which is more retention of stagnant Blood and Heat in the
pronounced at night, restlessness, insomnia, Lung, with symptoms of chest pain, foul
possible delirium and an indistinct skin sputum or spitting of purulent blood.
rash, a deep-red dry tongue and a thready — Both formulae treat patterns involving
and rapid pulse. pathogenic Heat, but Expelling Whiteness
Powder is prescribed where there is a
3. - Qing Wei San deficiency of Upright Qi, while Reed
Clearing the Stomach Powder Decoction is prescribed when the patient's
- Yu Nu Jian constitution is strong.
Jade Woman Decoction

— Clearing the Stomach Powder consists of

Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Rhizoma Cop
Yin tidis, Radix Rehmanniae, Cortex Moutan Questions
Radicis and Rhizoma Cimicifugae. Jade
1. Compare and contrast formulae for clearing
Women Decoction consists of Gypsum Heat at the Qi level and formulae for
fin,
Fibrosum, Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata,
clearing Heat at the Blood level.
Radix Ophiopogonis, Rhizoma Anemar-
2. What are the guidelines for prescribing
rhenae and Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae.
formulae for clearing Heat?
— Although the two formulae have different
130
30 Formulae for warming the
Interior
A. GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR
FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS TO
WARM THE INTERIOR
1. Warming formulae are used to treat patterns
of Interior Cold. Clinical manifestations of
such patterns include absence of thirst or a
preference for hot drinks, cold limbs,
copious clear urine, loose stools, a deep and
slow pulse and a pale tongue with a moist
coating.
2. The treatment method is warming the
Interior and dispersing Cold.
3. These formulae consist primarily of herbs
that warm the Kidneys and Spleen and
disperse internal Cold.
B. FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS TO
WARM THE INTERIOR
1. Formulating prescriptions to warm the
Middle Burner and disperse Cold
— These formulae warm and tonify the Spleen
and Stomach and disperse Cold from the
Middle Burner. They are indicated for
deficiency of the Middle Burner with stagna
tion of Cold.
— If the Spleen and Stomach are constitution
ally deficient and cold, or they are invaded
by External Cold, or if the'Yang of the
Middle Burner is damaged by cold and raw
food or incorrect herbal treatment, the
Spleen's functions of transformation and
transportation will be impaired and stagna
tion of Cold will occur. Clinical manifesta
tions will include pain and a cold sensation
in the epigastrium and abdomen, vomiting,
diarrhoea, gustatory impairment, absence of
thirst, cold limbs and a pale tongue with a
moist white coating.
— To treat such patterns, the primary herbs are
those that warm and invigorate the Middle
Burner, such as Rhizoma Zingiberis, Rhi-
zoma Alpiniae Officinalis, Fructus Evodiae,
Pericarpium Zanthoxyli and Fructus Piperis
Longi.
— However, Cold tends to damage Yang Qi,
and deficiency of the Spleen and Stomach
with stagnation of Cold may lead to Kidney
Yang Deficiency, Blood Deficiency, Qi
Stagnation and the production of internal
Cold-Damp, and these complications must
also be addressed.
— For Spleen and Stomach Qi Deficiency with
symptoms of shortness of breath, lassitude,
weak voice and a soft and weak pulse, Radix
Ginseng, Radix Astragali seu Hedysari,
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae, Rhizoma
Atractylodis Macrocephalae and treated
Radix Glycyrrhizae are added to provide
both warmth and tonification. Representa
tive formulae include Li Zhong Wan (Regu
lating the Middle Decoction), Wu Zhu Yu
Tang (Evodia Decoction) and Da Jian Zhong
Tang (Major Strengthening the Middle
Decoction)
— For Kidney Yang Deficiency with symptoms
of aversion to cold, cold limbs and more
severe diarrhoea, add Radix Aconiti
Praeparata and Cortex Cinnamomi to invig
orate the Spleen and Stomach. The represen
tative formula is Fu Zi Li Zhong Wan
(Prepared Aconite Pill to Regulate the
Middle).
— For Blood Deficiency with symptoms of
lingering abdominal pain, pale complexion,
palpitations, restlessness and a thready and
wiry pulse, add Saccharum Granorum,
Radix AngeJicae Sinensis, Radix Paeoniae
Alba and Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata to
warm the Middle Burner, harmonize
Nutritive Qi and moderate acute pain. The
representative formulae include Xiao Jian
Zhong Tang (Minor Strengthening the
Middle Decoction) and Dang Gin jian Zhong
 Formulae for warming the Ulterior 131

Tang (Angelica Strengthening the Middle and

Decoction). - inability of the Kidneys to receive Qi,
— For obstruction of the Middle Burner by with symptoms of dyspnoea and stuffi
Cold Damp with symptoms of distension, ness of the chest.
fullness, epigastric and abdominal pain,
The core formula of Radix Aconiti
loose stools or constipation and a white
Praeparata and Rhizoma Zingiberis must
sticky tongue coating, add Cortex Magnoliae
therefore be augmented with other herbs
Officinalis, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae,
which address the actual combination of
Semen Alpiniae Katsumadai, Fructus Tsaoko
pathologies in the individual patient.
and Rhizoma Cyperi to warm the Middle
For example, to restore Yang and at the same
Burner, disperse Cold, circulate Qi and
time benefit Qi, herbs such as Radix
resolve Dampness. The representative
Ginseng, Radix Astragali seu Hedysari,
is, Rhi- formula is Hou Po Wen Zhong Tang
Rhizoma Atractylodis and treated Radix
/vodiae, (Magnolia Bark Decoction for Warming the
Glycyrrhizae should be added. Represen
Piperis Middle).
tative formulae include Si Ni Tang (Four-
2. Formulating prescriptions for restoring Rebellious Decoction), Si Ni Jia Ren Shen
ang Qi,
Collapsed Yang Tang (Four-Rebellious Decoction with Gin
■tomach
seng) and Shen Fu Tang (Panax-Aconitum
Kidney — These formulae warm and tonify Heart,
.cy, Qi
Decoction).
Spleen and Kidney Yang. They treat
For severe Internal Cold with exhaustion of
internal Collapse of Yang and thus deal with the
Yang Qi, manifesting as Yin walling off
is must decline of Yang Qi, retention of Cold in the
Yang, or True Cold and False Heat, the three
Interior and patterns of False Heat above
basic warming herbs should be prescribed in
cy with
and True Cold below.
large doses and combined with Radix
ssitude, — Critical symptoms include cold limbs,
Ginseng, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macroce-
?, Radix aversion to cold, lying with the body curled
phalae, treated Radix Glycyrrhizae, Fructus
:dysari, up, diarrhoea with undigested food, feeble
Schisandrae and Moschus to restore Col
hizoma breathing, a pale tongue with white coating
lapsed Yang, tonify Qi and restore the pulse.
treated and a deep, feeble and fading pulse.
Representative formulae include Tong Yang
provide — This pattern may appear as the result of
Si Ni Tang (Unblock the Yang Four-
■esenta- incorrect treatment, prolonged illness, or
Rebellious Decoction) and Si Ni ]iu Ji Tang
(Regu- acute illness which damages Heart and
(Four-Rebellious Restore Collapsed Yang
Zhu Yu Kidney Yang, producing Interior Cold. It is
Decoction).
Zhong treated with strong pungent and hot herbs
For Collapse of Yang with profuse sweating,
Vliddle
such as Radix Aconiti Praeparata, Rhizoma
add calcined Os Draconis, calcined Concha
Zingiberis and Cortex Cinnamomi, to restore
Ostreae, Fructus Corni, Radix Rehmanniae
iptoms
Collapsed Yang.
Praeparata and Radix Paeoniae Alba to stop
i more — However, Yang Deficiency rarely appears
the sweating, restore the Yang and benefit
Aconiti without complications and these must be
Yin. The representative formula is Shen Fu
) invig-
addressed as well. Long Mu Tang (Panax-Aconitum Decoction
presen-
— Yang and Qi are closely related and
with Long Mu and Mu Li).
^ Wan deficiency of Yang inevitably involves Qi
For stagnation of Blood, add Semen Persicae
te the Deficiency. Severe Yang Deficiency also
and Flos Carthami to warm the Yang and
produces Internal Cold, or a pattern of True
activate the Blood. The representative
>ms of Cold and False Heat. Severe deficiency of
formula is Hui Yang }iu Ji Tang (Restore
•lexion, Heart and Kidney Yang gives rise to related
Collapsed Yang Decoction).
dy and
pathological patterns such as:
For retention of Internal Water and
riorum,
- leakage of Heart fluid, which causes Dampness with symptoms of dysuria and
leoniae
profuse sweating oedema of the body and limbs, add Poria
rata to
- stagnation of Blood with symptoms of and Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae to
nonize
painful limbs and cyanosis warm the Yang and drain Water.
in. The
- cold Water in the Interior with symptoms Representative formulae include Zhen W»
w Jian
of oedema, palpitations, dizziness and Tang (True Warrior Decoction) and Restore
g the
vertigo Collapsed Yang Decoction.
Zhong
 132 Part 4. i ombinations and comparisons of commonly used formulae
3. Formulating prescriptions for warming the
channels and dispersing Cold
— These formulae warm the channels, remove
obstruction from the collaterals, disperse
Cold and relieve stagnation. They are
indicated for Yang Deficiency and invasion
of the channels and collaterals by Cold.
— When Yang and Blood are deficient, Blood
may stagnate and the channels and collat
erals are vulnerable to invasion by
pathogenic Cold. If this occurs, the Blood
cannot circulate freely and Yang Qi cannot
reach the four limbs. This produces
symptoms such as cold limbs, painful joints
and a purplish-blue skin tone.
— Retention of Cold-Phlegm in the muscles,
tendons and bones produces generalized
swelling with more soreness than pain and
absence of discoloration.
— In cither case, the treatment method is to
warm the channels, disperse Cold, nourish
the Blood and remove obstruction from the
vessels with two main groups of herbs:
- Ramulus Cinnamomi, Herba Asari, and
Herba Ephedrae
! and
- Radix Angehcae Sinensis, Radix Paeoniae
Alba, Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata and
Colla Cornus Cervi.
— Other herbs must then be added according
to the pattern of the individual patient.
— For example, for severe blockage of channels
and collaterals with symptoms of cold limbs,
localized purplish-blue discoloration and
numbness and pain in the lower back, hips
and feet, add Medulla Tetrapanacis and
Caulis Spatholobi to assist in removing
obstruction from the vessels. The representa
tive formula is Dang Gui Si Ni Tang
(Angelica Four-Rebellious Decoction).
— For chronic Internal Cold complicated with
upward Rebellion of Qi, add Fructus
Evodiae and Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens to
assist in warming the Middle Burner,
dispersing Cold and conducting Rebellious
Qi downward to stop vomiting. The repre
sentative formula is Dang Gui Si Ni Jin IV//
Zhu Yu Slwng Jiang Tano (Angelica Four-
Rebellious Decoction with Evodia and
Ginger).
— For Cold-Phlegm in the muscles, tendons,
bones and joints, add large doses of Radi\
Rehmanniae Praeparata and Colla Cornus
Cervj, plus smaller doses of baked Rhizoma
Zingiberis, Cortex Cinnamomi, Herba
Ephedrae and Semen Sinapsis Albae to
warm the Yang, tonify Blood, disperse Cold
and relieve stagnation. The representative
formula is Yang He Tang (Yang-Heartening
Decoction).
C. POINTS TO REMEMBER IN
FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS FOR
WARMING THE INTERIOR
1. Herbs for warming the Interior are all
pungent, sweet and warm or extremely hot
in nature. They warm the Interior and
disperse pathogenic Cold but they also
consume Yin and damage Body Fluids.
Incorrect application of these formulae may
cause side-effects and a correct diagnosis is
vital.
— The book insight into Medicine says:
For Cold invasion of the body surface in
Winter, the method of providing warmth
and dispersing Cold is adopted. For
Wind invasion of the body in Winter, the
method of providing warmth and
dispersing Wind is adopted. For retention
of Cold Phlegm, the method of providing
warmth and resolving Phlegm is
adopted. For injury to the Spleen and
Stomach by cold food, the method of
providing warmth and assisting diges
tion is adopted. For a weak constitution
complicated with stagnation of Cold, the
method of providing warmth and tonifi-
cation is adopted.
— The method of providing warmth and
dispersing is not adopted in cases of Yin
Deficiency with hyperactive Yang or in Heat
patterns with false Cold, as it may stir up
Fire and damage Yin, thus aggravating the
original condition.
2. Dosage and the method of decoction and
administration can modify the therapeutic
effects of formulae for warming the Interior.
For example, Radix Aconiti Praeparata is
toxic and correct dosage is important. To
reduce its toxicitv it must be decocted for a
long time, often before other herbs are
added. Overdose or improper preparation
may cause poisoning or even death.
— On the other hand. Cortex Cinnamomi, Flos
Caryophylli, Fructus Foenieuii and Fructus
 Formulae for warming the Interior 133

Piperis Longi all contain volatile oils and — The main ingredient of Regulating the
hizoma
their effects will be reduced if they are Middle Pill is Rhizoma Zingiberis, which is
Herba
decocted at high temperatures or for a long combined with Radix Ginseng, Rhizoma
bae to
time. Atractylodis Macrocephalae and treated
se Cold
Radix Glycyrrhizae. This formula warms
■ntative
and invigorates Spleen Yang and dries
rtening
D. COMPARISON OF COMMON Dampness, which makes it effective in
FORMULAE FOR WARMING THE warming the Spleen and stopping diarrhoea.
INTERIOR (TABLE 30.1) It is indicated for deficiency of the Middle
Burner with stagnation of Cold marked by
1. - LiZhong Wan
abdominal pain, diarrhoea and poor
FOR Regulating the Middle Pill
appetite.
- WuZhu Yu Tang
— The main ingredient of Evodia Decoction is
Evodia Decoction
Fructus Evodiae, which is combined with
are all - Xiao Jian Zhong Tang
Radix Ginseng, Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae and
ely hot Minor Strengthening the Middle
a large dose of Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens.
nr and Decoction
This formula disperses Cold, warms the
•y also
— All three of these formulae consist of herbs Stomach and conducts Rebellious Qi
Fluids,
that warm the Interior and tonify Qi. They downward to stop vomiting. It is indicated
ae may
warm the Middle Burner, eliminate Cold, for deficiency of the Middle Burner with
nosis is
tonify Qi and invigorate the Spleen and are stagnation of Cold marked by vomiting,
thus indicated for deficiency of the Middle epigastric pain, acid regurgitation and an
Burner with stagnation of Cold. Symptoms empty uncomfortable sensation in the
■face in include abdominal pain, cold limbs, poor stomach. It is also used to treat Jue Yin
varmth appetite, gustatory impairment, absence of headache, retching and spitting of saliva,
d. For thirst, a pale tongue with white coating and and for Shao Yin syndrome with vomiting,
ter, the a deep and slow pulse. diarrhoea and cold limbs.
i and
tention Table 30.1 Comparison of formulae for warming the interior
>viding
Formula Actions Indications
;m is
;n and Regulating the Middle Pill Warms and invigorates Spleen Yang Deficiency of Middle Burner with
hod of Dries Damp Stagnation of Cold (abdominal
diges- pain and diarrhoea)

itution Deficiency of Middle Burner with

Evodia Decoction Disperses Cold
)ld, the Warms the Stomach Stagnation of Cold (vomiting,
tonifi- Regulates Rebellious Qi epigastric pain)
Jue Yin headache
Shao Yin syndrome
h and
Minor Strengthening the Harmonizes Yin and Yang Deficiency of Middle Burner with
of Yin
Middle Decoction Relieves abdominal pain Stagnation of Cold (intermittent
nHeat abdominal pain)
stir up Fever due to disharmony of Yin and
ing the Yang
Palpitations and restlessness due to
Qi and Biood Deficiency
)n and
ipeutic True Warrior Decoction Warms the Interior to eliminate Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency
nterior. Water and Damp with retention of Water and Damp

rata is
Prepared Aconite Decoction Strongly warms and tonifies to Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency
wit. To with retention of Cold Damp
eliminate Cold Damp
d for a
bs are Four-Rebellious Decoction Restores Devastated Yang Yang Deficiency (cold limbs)

a ration
Angelica Four-Rebellious Warms the channels Blood Deficiency and stagnation of
Decoction Disperses Cold Cold in channels and collaterals
li, Flos Nourishes and invigorates Blood (cold extremities)
;ructus
134 Part 4: Combinations and comparisons of commonly used formulae

— The main ingredient of Minor in which the four limbs are not warmed and
Strenglhening the Middle Decoction is nourished due to the decline of Yang Qi. It
Saccharum, which is combined with uses powerful pungent and hot herbs to
Ramulus Cinnamomi, Radix Paeoniae Alba restore Collapsed Yang. It is indicated for
and treated Radix Glycyrrhizae. The combi coldness of the entire limb accompanied by
nation of Ramulus Cinnamomi and Radix systemic signs of deficiency and Cold.
Paeoniae treats disharmony of Yin and Yang — Angelica Four-Rebellious Decoction treats
while the combination of Radix Paeoniae a pattern in which the limbs are not warmed
and Radix Glycyrrhizae relieves abdominal and nourished due to a deficiency of Yang Qi
pain- This formula is thus indicated for and deficiency and stagnation of Blood. It
deficiency of the Middle Burner with stagna uses the method of warming the channels,
tion of Cold marked by intermittent abdom dispersing Cold, nourishing Blood and
inal pain. It is also used to treat palpitations removing obstruction from the vessels. This
and restlessness due to deficiency of both Qi formula is indicated for patterns of Blood
and Blood and for fever due to disharmony Deficiency and stagnation of Cold in the
of Yin and Yang. channels and collaterals; the coldness of the
limbs is relatively mild and is limited to the
2. - Zhen Wu Tang
areas below the knees and elbows, with
True Warrior Decoction
possible localized purplish-blue discol
- Fu Zi Tang
oration and a deep thready pulse.
Prepared Aconite Decoction

— Both of these formulae consist of Radix

Aconiti Praeparata, Rhizoma Atractylodis
Macrocephalae, Poria and Radix Paeoniae Questions
Alba. They are effective in warming the
1. Why do formulae for warming the Middle
Interior, relieving pain and eliminating
Burner and eliminating Cold contain Qi
Dampness and are indicated for Spleen and
tonics such as Radix Ginseng and treated
Kidney Yang Deficiency with retention of
Radix Glycyrrhizae in addition to herbs that
Water and Dampness in the Interior.
eliminate Cold? Give examples.
— True Warrior Decoction contains Rhizoma
2. Explain the main principles for formulating
Zingiberis Recens but not Radix Ginseng. It
prescriptions to restore Collapsed Yang.
is thus more effective in warming and
dispersing to eliminate Water and
Dampness and is indicated for Spleen and
Kidney Yang Deficiency with retention of
Water and Dampness marked by sluggish
ness and oedema.
— Prepared Aconite Decoction contains Radix
Ginseng, but not Rhizoma Zingiberis
Recens, and double the dosage of Radix
Aconiti Praeparata and Rhizoma
Atractylodis Macrocephalae. It is thus more
effective in warming and tonifying to elimi
nate Cold Damp and is indicated for Spleen
and Kidney Yang Deficiency with retention
of Cold Damp marked by body and joint
pain.

3. - Si Ni Tang
Four-Rebellious decoction
- Dang Gui Si Ni Tang
Angelica Four-Rebellious Decoction

— Both of these formulae treat cold limbs, but

from different causes.
— Four-Rebellious Decoction treats a pattern
 135

ned and
ig Qi. It
lerbs to
ited for
Formulae that tonify 31
nied by
i.
n treats
warmed
YangQi
ilood. It
nannels,
?d and
Shen Ling Bai Zhu San (Panax-Poria-Atrac-
2ls. This A. GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR
tylodis Powder).
■f Blood FORMULATING TONIC
— For Damp-Phlegm, add herbs that dry
in the PRESCRIPTIONS
Dampness and resolve Phlegm, such as
is of the
1. Tonic formulae are used for Deficiency Rhizoma Pinelliae in Liu Jun Zi Tang (Six
d to the
patterns with symptoms of lassitude, palpi Gentlemen Decoction). For Sinking of
'S, with
tations, shortness of breath, dizziness, Central Qi, add herbs that lift the Qi such
discol-
blurred vision, a sallow or pale complexion, as Rhizoma Cimicifugae and Radix Bupleuri
malar flush, deficiency-type obesity or in Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Tonifying the
emaciation, cold limbs, five-palm heat, Middle and Benefiting Qi Decoction).
spontaneous sweating, night sweats, a — Because Spleen Deficiency includes a
swollen and delicate or pale tongue and a weakness of transportation and transforma
thready and weak pulse. tion, herbs that regulate Qi are added to
Middle 2. The treatment method is tonification. counter the tendency of tonic herbs to
tain Qi 3. These formulae consist primarily of herbs produce stagnation. Examples include
treated that are sweet and warm, neutral or cold in Fructus Amomi in Panax-Poria-Atrac-
■rbs that nature. tylodis Powder and Pericarpium Citri
Reticulatae in Tonifying the Middle and
lulating Benefiting Qi Decoction.
B. FORMULATING TONIC — Herbs that regulate Qi are also added where
PRESCRIPTIONS Qi Stagnation is already evident. An
example is the use of Radix Aucklandiae,
1. Formulating prescriptions to tonify Qi
Fructus Amomi and Pericarpium Citri
— Formulae to tonify Qi consist mainly of Reticulatae in Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang (Six
sweet and warm herbs which tonify Qi and Gentlemen Decoction with Aucklandia
strengthen resistance to disease. They are and Amomum).
indicated for Spleen and Lung Qi Deficiency. — If Lung Deficiency is complicated with Yin
— Qi Deficiency usually refers to Spleen and Deficiency, herbs that nourish Yin and
Lung Qi Deficiency. astringe the Lungs are added, such as Radix
— Spleen Qi Deficiency refers to a dysfunction Ginseng combined with Radix
of transportation and transformation which Ophiopogonis and Fructus Schisandrae in
exhausts the source of Qi and Blood, Sheng Mai San (Generating the Pulse
produces Internal Dampness and causes a Powder), which clears and astringes while
sinking of Central Qi. tonifying.
— The Lungs dominate Qi. Lung Qi Deficiency — For cough or dyspnoea, or in cases of dishar
refers to a dysfunction of dispersing and mony between the Lungs and Kidneys, it is
descending and a weak resistance to external necessary to add herbs that tonify the
pathogenic factors. Kidneys, stimulate the reception of Qi and
— In treating Dampness due to Spleen stop cough and wheeze. Examples are
Deficiency, herbs that resolve or drain Semen Armeniacae Amarum, Gecko, Bulbus
Dampness are included in the formula. Fritillariae and Cortex Mori Radicis in Ren
Examples are Poria in Si ]un Zi Tang (Four Shen Ge ]ie San (Ginseng and Gecko
Gentlemen Decoction) and Semen Coicis in Powder).
136 Part 4: C oinhiiintioiis and companions of commonly used formulae
2. Formulating prescripfions to tonify Blood
— Blood tonic formulae consist primarily of
herbs that tonify and nourish Blood but
musi be adapted according to the actual
condition of the patient.
— When there is a deficiency of Heart Blood,
the Heart and Mind are deprived
nourishment, producing symptoms of palpi
tations, insomnia, poor memory and
thready and weak pulse. Herbs that nourish
the Heart and calm the Mind must be
included in the formula. An example is Gui
Pi Tang (Tonifying the Spleen Decoction),
which contains Radix Angelicae Sinensis
and Arillus Longan to tonify Blood and
nourish the Heart and Semen Ziziphi
Spinosae, Poria cum Ligno Hospite and
Radix Polygalae to soothe the Heart and
calm the Mind.
— For deficiency of Heart Qi with symptoms of
an intermittent pulse and palpitations, the
method of treatment is primarily to tonify
Blood and nourish the Heart and secon
darily to tonify Qi and restore the pulse. The
representative formula is Zhi Gan Cao Tang
(Glycyrrhiza Decoction), which combines
Radix Rehmanniae, Colla Corii Asini, Radix
Ophiopogonis, treated Radix Glycyrrhizae,
Radix Ginseng and Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae
to tonify both Qi and Blood.
— When there is a deficiency of Liver Blood,
the Liver's function of promoting the free
flow of Qi and Blood is impaired and the
eyes are deprived of nourishment.
produces symptoms of hypochondriac pain,
blurred vision, dry eyes and a scanty and
pale menstrual flow. Because the circulation
of Blood is impaired, formulae to tonify
Blood often include herbs that regulate
Blood. The representative formula is Si Wit
Tang (Four-Substance Decoction), which
contains Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix
Rehmanniae Praeparata and Radix Paeoniae
Alba to tonify Blood and nourish the Liver,
and Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong
activate the Blood and resolve stagnation.
Because this formula tonifies without
causing stagnation, it is much used
tonifying Blood and regulating menstrua
tion.
— If the Spleen is deficient, the source of Qi and
Blood will be exhausted. Formulae for
tonifying Blood therefore often include
herbs thai (onify Qi and these are ?omi>times
used in large doses, as in Dang Gui Bu Xue
Tang (Angelica Decoction to Tonify the
Blood), which contains five times as much
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari as Radix
Angelicae Sinensis. When Qi flourishes, it
produces sufficient Blood.
of
3. Formulating prescriptions to tonify Yin
a — Yin Deficiency can refer either to deficiency
of Liver and Kidney Yin or deficiency of
Lung and Stomach Yin.
— Deficiency of Lung and Stomach Yin implies
a deficiency of Body Fluids, manifesting as
thirst and shortness of breath. Deficiency of
Liver and Kidney Yin implies a deficiency of
Blood, manifesting as dizziness, blurred
vision and tinnitus.
— Lung Yin Deficiency can also produce dry
cough and a dry sore throat. Stomach Yin
Deficiency can manifest as spitting of white
sticky foam. Liver Yin Deficiency often
produces hypochondriac discomfort,
restlessness and irritability. Kidney Yin
Deficiency often results in sore and weak
lower back and knees, nocturnal emissions
and cloudy urine.
— All Yin tonics tonify Yin, but some are more
effective in tonifying the Yin of the Lung and
Stomach while others are more effective in
tonifying the Yin of the Liver and Kidneys.
— Herbs that are more effective in tonifying
Lung and Stomach Yin include Radix
Adenophorae, Radix Glehniae, Radix
This Ophiopogonis, Bulbus Lilii, Herba
Dendrobii and Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati.
These are combined with other herbs
according to the actual condition of the
patient.
— For example, deficiency of Lung Yin may
produce Empty Heat, which damages blood
vessels and gives rise to cough, wheeze,
blood-tinged sputum, a thready and rapid
pulse and a red tongue with scanty coating.
In this case, herbs that clear Lung Heat, stop
to bleeding, resolve Phlegm and stop cough are
added to the formula, such as Colla Corii
Asini combined with Fructus Aristolochiae,
for Fructus Arctii and Semen Armeniacae
Amarum in Bit Fei F. jiao Tang (Tonifying the
Lung Decoction with Ass-Hide Gelatin).
— In treating Kidney Yin Deficiency with
symptoms of dry sore throat and tidal fever,
it is necessary to tonify the Yin of both the
Lungs and Kidneys. An example is Bai He
 Formulae thai tonifu 137

iu Xue Gu }in Tang (Lily Bulb Decoction to Rising, with symptoms of pain in the chest,
fy the Preserve the Metal), which contains: epigastrium and hypochondrium, acid
much regurgitation, a bitter taste in the mouth and
Radix - Bulbus Lilii, Radix Ophiopogonis, Radix
a deficient wiry pulse, herbs that harmonize
Rehmanniae, Radix Rehmanniae Prae-
hes, it the Liver and regulate Qi should be added.
parata and Radix Scrophulariae to tonify
An example is Yi Guan Yin (Linking
Lung and Kidney Yin
Decoction), in which a large dose of Radix
- Radix Angelicae and Radix Paeoniae
Rehmanniae is combined with Radix
in Alba to nourish Blood
Glehniae, Radix Ophiopogonis, Radix
and
ciency Angelicae Sinensis, Fructus Lycii and
ncy of - Radix Platycodi and Bulbus Fritillariae
Fructus Meliae Toosendan.
Thunbergii to clear Lung Heat, resolve
- For Yin Deficiency with hyperactive Yang,
mplies Phlegm and stop cough.
producing symptoms of dizziness and
:ing as - If Lung and Kidney Yin Deficiency is blurred vision, the method of nourishing Yin
■ncy of complicated with Fire Poison, giving is combined with the method of suppressing
•ncy of symptoms of a red, swollen sore throat or a Yang. An example is Zhen Can Xi Feng Tang
-lurred white coating on the throat, herbs that clear (Pacifying the Liver and Subduing Wind
Heat and Fire Poison are added. An example Decoction), which employs Plastrum
ce dry is Yang Yin Qing Fei Tang (Nourish the Yin Testudinis, Radix Scrophulariae, Radix
:h Yin and Clear the Lungs Decoction), which Asparagi and Radix Paeoniae Alba to
white combines Radix Rehmanniae, Radix nourish Yin and clear Heat, and Radix
often Scrophulariae and Radix Ophiopogonis with Achyranthis Bidentatae, Haematitum, Os
•mfort, Herba Menthae, Cortex Moutan Radicis and Draconis and Concha Ostreae to conduct
y Yin Radix Glycyrrhizae. In severe cases, Radix Blood downward, suppress Yang and calm
weak Scutellariae and Fructus Forsythiae may be Liver Wind.
issions added. ■ Kidney Yin Deficiency is often complicated
■ Simple deficiency of Stomach Yin may be with Empty Fire, and herbs that tonify Yin
treated either with Yi Wei Tang (Benefiting are therefore often combined with herbs that
igand the Stomach Decoction), which consists of clear Heat and Fire. For simple deficiency of
tive in Radix Adenophorae, Radix Ophiopogonis, Kidney Yin with symptoms of dizziness and
leys, Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati, Radix blurred vision, sore and weak lumbar region
lifying Rehmanniae and crystalized brown sugar and knees, nocturnal emissions, night
Radix (Bing Tang), or with Wu Zhi Yin (Five-juice sweats, a red tongue with scanty coating and
Radix Decoction), which consists of pear juice, a thready pulse, sweet herbs that nourish
Herba lotus root, Radix Ophiopogonis, water- Yin are used to embrace the Yang, as in Zuo
dorati. chestnut and Rhizoma Phragmitis. Gui Yin (Restoring the Left Decoction) and
herbs If deficiency of Stomach Yin is complicated Zuo Gui Wan (Restoring the Left Pill).
3f the with Qi Deficiency and Heat, herbs that If Yin Deficiency is complicated with Raring
tonify Qi and clear Heat are added. An of Empty Fire with symptoms of five-palm
i may example is the combination of Herba heat, loose teeth, sore throat, a dry red
blood Dendrobii and Radix Ophiopogonis with tongue with scanty coating and a thready
heeze, Radix Panacis Qinquefolii, Rhizoma rapid pulse, herbs that clear Heat and Fire
rapid Coptidis, Herba Lophatheri, Rhizoma should be added. An example is Liu Wei Di
>ating. Anemarrhenae and watermelon peel in Qing Huang Wan (Six-Fiavour Rehmannia Pill),
t, stop Slut Yi Qi Tang (Clear Summer Heat and in which Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata,
gh are Augment the Qi Decoction). Rhizoma Discoreae and Fructus Corni are
Corii Herbs that are more effective in tonifying combined with Cortex Moutan Radicis,
ichiae, Liver and Kidney Yin include Radix Rhizoma Alismatis and Poria.
niacac Rehmanniae, Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata, If Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency is
ng the Plastrum Testudinis, Carapax Tnonycis, complicated with more severe signs of Fire
in). Fructus Ligustri Lucidi and Fructus Corni. such as tidal fever, haemoptysis, irritability,
with These are combined with other herbs restlessness and burning pain in the feet and
fever, according to the condition of the patient. knees, the dosage of herbs that clear Heat
th the For Liver or Kidney Yin Deficiency compli and Fire should be increased, as in Da Bit Yin
Sai He cated with Liver Qi Stagnation or Liver Yang Wan (Great Tonify the Yin Pill), in which
138 Part 4: Cowhtniiticns and comparisons of commonly used formulae

Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata and Plastrum is accomplished primarily via the Heart and
Testudinis are combined with Rhizoma Liver and secondarily via the Spleen and
Anemarrhenaeand Cortex Phellodendri. Stomach. The Spleen and Kidneys are
involved in Yang Deficiency, which is treated
4. Formulating prescriptions to tonify Yang by warming and tonifying these organs to
benefit the source of Fire. The Liver,
— Deficiency of Kidney Yang implies a lack of
Kidneys, Lungs and Stomach are all
warmth. Symptoms may include soreness of
the lumbar region and knees, aversion to
involved in Yin Deficiency, which is treated
with sweet and cold Yin tonics to benefit the
cold, impotence, premature senility and
Stomach, moisten the Lung, nourish the
copious clear urine. If the 'holding in'
Kidneys and strengthen the Liver.
function of the Kidneys is impaired, there
— For conditions of extreme deficiency,
may be nocturnal emissions and enuresis; if
powerful tonics should be used in large
the transformational function of the Kidneys
doses and first aid should be administered
is impaired, there may be dysuria and
for Collapse.
oedema.
— For chronic conditions of deficiency, tonifica-
— Yin and Yang share a common root and Yin
tion should be achieved gradually, using
tonics are often added to Yang tonic
mild herbs.
formulae both to support the Yang and to
— For Yang Deficiency with Internal Cold,
counter the warmth and dryness of Yang
sweet and warm tonic herbs are used and
tonic herbs. Examples include Shen Qi Wan
herbs that clear Heat or moisten are
(Kidney Qi Pill) and You Gui Wan
contraindicated.
(Restoring the Right Pill), in which a large
— For Yin Deficiency with Empty Heat, sweet
dose of Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata is
and cool tonic herbs are used and pungent
combined with Rhizoma Dioscoreae and
and dry herbs are contraindicated.
Fructus Corni.
— If Kidney Yang Deficiency leads to oedema,
2. Qi, Blood, Yin and Yang are the four essen
herbs that drain Dampness and open the
tial factors sustaining the vital activities of
Waterways are added, such as Poria and
the human body.
Rhizoma Alismatisis in Kidney Qi Pill and
Semen Plantaginis in // Sheng Shen Qi Wan
— These factors are interrelated. For example,
(Invigorate the Kidney Qi Pill).
Qi and Blood share a common origin; Yin
and Yang share a common root. Vigorous Qi
— For nocturnal or spontaneous emissions due
produces Blood and abundant Yang
to Kidney Deficiency and weakness of the
produces Yin.
seminal gate, astringent herbs that consoli
■— When one of these factors is diseased, the
date the Essence should be added, such as
others are affected. This produces compli
Semen Astragali Complanati, Semen
cated conditions, such as Qi Deficiency
Euryales, calcined Os Draconis and calcined
Concha Ostreae in Jin Suo Gu ]ing Wan
leading to Blood Deficiency, loss of Blood
leading to Qi Deficiency, Yin Deficiency
(Metal Lock Pill to Stabilize the Essence).
leading to hyperactivity of Yang and Yang
Deficiency leading to weakness of Qi.
— Spleen Deficiency affects the Lungs, as Earth
C. POINTS TO REMEMBER IN
fails to produce Metal. Kidney Yang
FORMULATING TONIC
Deficiency causes Spleen Qi Deficiency, as
PRESCRIPTIONS
Fire fails to warm Earth. Kidney Yin
1. Patterns of deficiency involve Qi, Blood, Yin Deficiency produces Liver Fire, as Water
or Yang and their related Zang Fu. For fails to nourish Wood.
example, the Spleen and Lungs arc involved — These relationships are significant in the for
in Qi Deficiency and it is treated with sweet mulation of tonic prescriptions. For example,
and warm Qi tonic herbs which tonilv the Yin tonics are added to Yang tonic formulae
Spleen and Lungs. to support transformation; herbs that clear
— The Heart and Liver are involved in Blood Heat are added to Yin tonic formulae to
Deficiency, which is treated either bv strengthen the Root and clear Empty Heat;
tonifving Blood directly or, indirectly, by Qi tonics are added to Blood tonic formulae
tonifving Qi in order (d produce Blood. This to stimulate Qi to produce Blood.
 Formulae that tonify 139

art and — For Lung Deficiency with Spleen weakness, pathogenic factors and both conditions
en and Earth should be strengthened to produce should be treated at the same time.
ys are Metal. For Yang Deficiency with stagnation
treated of Cold in the Spleen, Fire should be tonified 4. The Spleen and Kidneys play an important
gans to to warm Earth. For Deficiency of Waier with role in the treatment of deficiency patterns,
Liver, hyperactivity of Fire, Water should be but medical scholars of all ages have held
ire all nourished to produce Wood. different views as to which should be
treated tonified.
lefit the 3. The Spleen and Stomach are the source of Qi — Sun Simiao of the Tang Dynasty held, 'It is
ish the and Blood. Tonic herbs tend to cause stagna less effective to tonify the Kidneys than to
tion of Spleen and Stomach Qi, thus tonify the Spleen', because the Spleen is the
idency, impairing the functions of transportation source of Qi and Blood and sufficient Spleen
n large and transformation. Qi makes it possible to transmit Essence to
listered — If the Spleen and Stomach are weak, they the various parts of the body.
cannot easily digest tonic herbs, and atten — Xu Shuwei of the Song Dynasty held, 'It is
onifica- tion should therefore be given to invigora- less effective to tonify the Spleen than to
, using tion of the Spleen in tonic formulae, using tonify the Kidneys', because the Kidneys are
herbs that regulate Qi. the origin of the congenital constitution, the
1 Cold, — It is also necessary to determine whether Yin and Yang of the Zang Fu all rely on the
ed and residual pathogens are present. When a Kidneys and sufficiency of Kidney Qi
en are weakness of Upright Qi is complicated with ensures normal functioning of all the other
residual pathogens, tonification should be organs.

:, sweet combined with the method of elimination of — However, it is incorrect to overemphasize

mngent

Table 31.1 Comparison of tonic formulae

Formula Actions Indications

r essen-

'ities of
Four Gentlemen Decoction Tonifies Qi Spleen Qi Deficiency
Invigorates the Spleen
cample,
Regulating the Middle Pill Tonifies Qi Deficiency of the Middle Burner
;in; Yin
Invigorates the Spleen with Stagnation of Cold
rous Qi
Warms the Middle Burner and
Yang eliminates Cold

;ed, the Panax-Poria-Atractylodis Powder Tonifies Spleen and Lung Qi Spleen Deficiency complicated with
Eliminates Damp Damp
compli-
Harmonizes the Stomach
ficiency
f Blood Generating the Pulse Powder Benefits Qi Prostration due to Qi and Yin
ficiency Promotes Body Fluids Deficiency (Yin Collapse)

d Yang
Frigid Extremities Powder Rescues Devastated Yang Prostration due to Yang Deficiency
(Yang Collapse)
is Earth
Yang Tonifying the Middle and Benefiting Tonifies Qi Spleen Deficiency

■ncy, as
Qi Decoction Raises sinking Qi Fever due to Deficiency
Restores function of conducting Sinking of Central Qi
ey Yin
the clear up and the turbid
Water down
Tonifying the Tonifies the Heart and Spleen Heart and Spleen Qi Deficiency
the for- Spleen Decoction Restores the function of Weakness of Spleen function of
producing and controlling controlling Blood
<ample,
Blood
irmulae
at clear Six-Flavour Tonifies Kidney, Spleen and Kidney Yin Deficiency
ulae to Rehmannia Pill Liver Yin

y Heat;
Kidney Qi Pill Tonifies Kidney Yin and Yang, Kidney Yang Deficiency
»rmulae
but mainly Yang
140 Part 4: Lombinations and comparisons of commonly used formulae

the importance of any one organ, insight into sallow complexion, lassitude, weak voice,
Medicine says, 'It must be understood that if poor digestion, loose stools, a pale tongue
the Spleen is weak but the Kidneys are not and a deficient pulse.
deficient, the Spleen should be tonified; if — Four Gentlemen Decoction is a basic
the Kidneys arc weak but the Spleen is not formula for Spleen and Stomach Qi
deficient, the Kidneys should be tonified; Deficiency with impairment of the functions
and if both the Spleen and Kidneys are of transportation and transformation.
deficient, thev should both be tonified.' Panax-Poria-Atractylodis Powder has a
stronger and more comprehensive action. It
tonifies not only Spleen Qi but also Lung Qi;
D. A COMPARISON OF COMMON TONIC it also eliminates Dampness and harmonizes
FORMULAE <TABLE 31.]) the Stomach. It is thus indicated for Spleen
1. ~ Si jun Zi Tang and Stomach Qi Deficiency complicated
with Dampness.
Four Gentlemen Decoction
- Li Zhang Wan 3. - Shcng Mai San
Regulating the Middle Pill Generating the Pulse Powder
- 5/ Ni Tang
— Four Gentlemen Decoction is a basic Qi
Frigid Extremities Decoction
tonic formula and only one ingredient differ
entiates it from Regulating the Middle Pill. — Both formulae are often used as first aid for
— Both formulae tonjfy Qi and invigorate the prostration but from different causes.
Spleen with Radix Ginseng, Rhizoma — Generating the Pulse Powder is indicated
Atractylodis Macroeephalae and treated for Yin Collapse, with symptoms of a hot
Radix Glycyrrhizae. sensation and profuse oily perspiration
— Because Four Gentlemen Decoction uses which is salty and sticky. The body and
Radix Ginseng as its Emperor (Jim) herb and limbs are warm, or the body is warm but the
combines it with Poria, it is more effective in limbs cold; the face is flushed and the tongue
tonifying Qi and invigorating the Spleen. It red and dry.
is thus indicated for Spleen and Stomach Qi — Frigid Extremities Decoction is indicated
Deficiency with impairment of transporta for Yang Collapse, with symptoms of a cold
tion and transformation, manifesting as sensation and profuse watery perspiration
sallow complexion, reduced appetite, a pale which is not salty or sticky. The body and
tongue with white coating and a weak pulse. limbs are cold, the complexion pale and the
— Regulating the Middle Pifl uses Rhizoma tongue pale and moist.
Zingiberis as its Emperor herb. It is thus — Generating the Pulse Powder benefits Qi
more effective in warming the Middle and promotes Body Fluids and is thus also
Burner and eliminating Cold and is indicated for deticiency of both Qi and Yin
indicated for deficiency of the Middle with symptoms of lassitude, shortness of
Burner with stagnation of Cold marked by breath, thirst, profuse sweating, dry mouth
aversion to cold, cold limbs, abdominal pain, and throat and a rapid deficient pulse.
loose stools, a pale tongue with white — Frigid Extremities Decoction rescues
coating and a deep thready pulse. Devastated Yang and is thus indicated for
2. - Shot Ling Bai Zhu San extreme Yang Deficiency with cold limbs,
abdominal pain, lassitude, somnolence,
Panax-Poria-Atractylodis Powder
aversion to cold, lying with the body curled
- Si inn Zi Tang
Four Gentlemen Decoction up, absence of thirst and a deep, thready and
feeble pulse.
— Panax-Poria-Atractylodis Powder is made
4. - Bu yiiougYi Q.ltino
up o) Four Gentlemen Decoction plus
Tonifying the Middle and Benefiting Qi
Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Semen Doltchnris
Decoction
Album, Semen Nelumbinis, Semen Coieis,
- Ctii Pi Tew;:
Fructus Amomi and Radix Platycodi.
— Both formulae tonify Qi and invigorate the Tonifying the Spleen Decoction

Spleen and are indicated for Spleen and — Both formulae km: Radix Ginseng, Radix
Stomach Qi Deficiency with symptoms ot Astragali sen I ledvsari, Rhizoma
 Formulae thai touify 141

; voice, Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Radix Deficiency with symptoms of lumbago,

tongue Glycyrrhizae to benefit Qi and invigorate the weak legs, a cold sensation in the lower half
Spleen and Radix Angelicae Sinensis to of the body, dysuria or copious urination, a
i basic nourish Blood. '. pale and swollen tongue and a weak pulse.
ich Qi — Tonifying the Middle and Benefiting Qi It also treats beriberi and oedema.
motions Decoction is composed of herbs that tonify
mation. Qi and raise Yang, such as Rhizoma
has a Cimicifugae and Radix Bupleuri, and is thus
ction. It intended to tonify Qi, raise sinking Qi and Questions
,ung Qi; restore the function of conducting the clear
1. Why do formulae for tonifying Spleen Qi
nonizes upward and the turbid downward.
often include herbs that eliminate Dampness
1 Spleen — Tonifying the Spleen Decoction is
and regulate Qi? Give examples.
plicated composed of herbs that tonify Qi, plus herbs
2. Why are Qi tonic herbs often added to
such as Arillus Longan, Semen Ziziphi
formulae for tonifying Blood? Give
Spinosae, Radix Polygalae and Poria cum
examples.
Ligno Hospite, which nourish the Heart and
3. Why are herbs that clear Heat sometimes
calm the Mind. It is intended to tonify the
added to Yin tonic formulae? Give an illus
Heart and Spleen and restore the function of
trative example.
producing and controlling Blood.
: aid for — The former is indicated for Spleen and
Stomach Qi Deficiency with symptoms of
idicated lack of energy, dislike of speaking and fever
if a hot from deficiency, or for Sinking of Central Qi
piration with symptoms of prolapse or chronic
dy and diarrhoea.
but the — The latter is indicated for deficiency of Heart
■ tongue and Spleen Qi and Blood with symptoms of
palpitations, poor memory and insomnia or
idicated for weakness of the Spleen's function of
tf a cold controlling Blood with symptoms of bloody
piration stool or uterine bleeding.
>dy and
5. - Liu Wei Di Huang Wan
and the
Six-Flavour Rehmannia Pill
- Shen Qi Wan
efits Qi
Kidney Qi Pill
ms also
and Yin — Both formulae consist of Radix Rehmanniae,
ness of Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Fructus Corni, Cortex
■ mouth Moutan Radicis, Rhizoma Alismatis and
Poria. Six-Flavour Rehmannia Pill is
rescues Kidney Qi Pill minus Ramulus Cinnamomi
ited for (or Cortex Cinnamomi) and Radix Aconiti
I limbs, Praeparata. It tonifies Liver, Spleen and
tolence, especially Kidney Yin and is thus indicated
/ curled for Kidnev Yin Deficiency with symptoms of
adyand sore and weak lower back and knees, dizzi
ness, blurred vision, tinnitus, deafness, night
sweats, nocturnal emissions, emaciation-
-thirst syndrome, a red tongue with scanty
iting Qi
coating and a deep, thready and rapid pulse.
It is also used to treat slow closure of
fontanelles in infants.
— Kidney Qi Pill tonifies both Yin and Yang,
, Radix but mainly warms and tonifies Kidney Yang.
Ihizoma It is thus indicated for Kidney Yang
142

32 Formulae that regulate Qi

— Stagnation of Spleen and Stomach Qi is

A. GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR
marked by distension and fullness of the
FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS TO
REGULATE QI
epigastrium and abdomen, belching, acid
regurgitation, nausea, vomiting and reduced
— Formulae that regulate Qi treat patterns of appetite. Herbs which treat this pattern
Qi Stagnation or Rebellious Qi. These include Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Radix
patterns may affect the upper or lower body, Aucklandiae, Fructus Aurantii, Cortex
they may involve the Liver, Stomach or Magnoliae Officinalis, Fructus Amomi and
Lungs and they may be complicated with Semen Amomi Cardamomi.
Cold, Heat, Phlegm-Dampness, Food — Qi is the commander of Blood. Circulation
Retention or Blood Stagnation. of Qi leads to circulation of Blood and
— It is necessary at the outset to determine: 1) stagnation of Qi leads to stagnation of
whether pathological changes are due to Blood. Prolonged stagnation of Qi is thus
stagnation or rebellion of Qi; 2) where the often complicated with stagnation of
disease is located; and 3) the nature and Blood, and in this event herbs that invigorate
severity of any complications. Blood and resolve Blood Stasis should be
added (o formulae which invigorate circula
tion of Qi. An example is Chat Hu Shu Gan
B. FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS TO San {Bupleurum Soothing the Liver
REGULATE QI Decoction), which uses Radix Bupleuri,
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Rhizoma
1. Formulating prescriptions to invigorate the
Cyperi and Fructus Aurantii to harmonize
circulation of Qi
the Liver, relieve stagnation, invigorate Qi
— Formulae that invigorate Qi circulation and relieve pain, and Rhizoma Ligustici
consist primarily of herbs that invigorate Qi Chuanxiong and Radix Paeoniae to invigo
circulation, relieve stagnation, harmonize rate Blood and resolve Blood Stasis. This
the Liver and relieve depression. These formula is commonly used in the treatment
formulae regulate Qi, relieve stagnation and of stagnation of Liver Qi and Blood with
remove obstruction from the channels and symptoms of alternating chills and fever and
collaterals. pain in the costal and hypochondriac
— Such formulae treat Qi Stagnation, which regions.
can be differentiated as either Liver Qi — Yuc In \\!iw (Gardenia-Ligusticum Pill) is a
Stagnation or stagnation ot Spleen and representative formula for activating Qi
Stomach Qi. circulation and relieving stagnation, ft treats
— Liver Qi Stagnation manifests as distending Qi Stagnation which is complicated with
pain in the costal and hypochondriac Phlegm, Fire, Dampness, Food Retention
regions, irritability, restlessness, hernia and and Blood Stasis. This formula uses
irregular menstruation or dysinenorrhoe.i. Rhizoma Cyperi as the Emperor herb and
Herbs which treat this pattern include Radix combiner it with RhUoma Ligustici
Bupleuri, Fructus Meliae Toosendan, Radix Chuanxiong to activate Blood circulation
Linderae, Rhizoma Cypen, Radix and promote the smooth circulation ot Qi.
Curcumae, Pencarpium Citri Reticulatae — Another such formula is }in Lni£ Zi San
Wide and Semen Citri Reticulatae. (Melia Toosendan Powder), which consists
 Formulae thai regulate Qi 143

of equal doses of Fructus Meliae Toosendan dry in nature and use of these herbs over a
and Rhizoma Corydalis. Fructus Meliae long time or in large doses will also damage
Toosendan is the Emperor herb, acting to Yin and Blood. Herbs that nourish Yin and
harmonize the Liver, clear Heat, activate Qi Blood should therefore be added to formulae
and relieve pain. Rhizoma Corydalis for harmonizing the Liver and regulating Qi.
activates Blood circulation and promotes Examples include the use of Radix Angelicae
smooth circulation of Qi to reinforce the Sinensis and Radix Paeoniae Alba in Xiao
analgesic effect of the formula, which Yao San (Free and Relaxed Powder) and
promotes the smooth circulation of both Qi Radix Rehmanniae or Radix Rehmanniae
and Blood. Praeparata in Hei Xiao Yao San (Black Free
■ When Qi circulates smoothly, Dampness is and Relaxed Powder).
resolved. Retardation of Qi circulation — Both Liver Qi Stagnation and stagnation of
Qi is Spleen and Stomach Qi may impair the
produces Dampness, which accumulates to
di the functions of transportation and transforma
form Phlegm. For patterns of Qi Stagnation
, acid tion, producing a deficiency of Spleen Qi. In
complicated with Dampness and Phlegm,
duced this case, herbs that tonify Qi and invigorate
herbs that resolve Dampness and Phlegm
attern the Spleen should be added to the formula.
should be added. An example is Ban Xia Hou
Radix Examples include the use of Rhizoma
Po Tang (Pinellia and Magnolia Bark
Cortex Atractylodis Macrocephalae and treated
Decoction), which is the main formula for
ti and Radix Glycyrrhizae in Free and Relaxed
treating Plum-stone Qi. This formula utilizes
the combinations of Cortex Magnoliae Powder and the use of Radix Ginseng,
lation Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and
Officinalis and Folium Perillae to activate Qi
1 and treated Radix Glycyrrhizae in Six
and relieve stagnation, and Rhizoma
on of Gentlemen Decoction with Aucklandia
Pinelliae, Poria and Rhizoma Zingiberis
i thus and Amomum.
Recens to resolve Phlegm and disperse
n of
masses. The entire formula relieves Plum-
^orate
stone Qi by regulating Qi, relieving stagna 2. Formulating prescriptions to conduct
[Id be
tion and resolving Phlegm. Rebellious Qi downward
rcula- ■ Another example is Gardenia-Ligusticum
u Gan — Formulae that conduct Rebellious Qi
Pill, which uses Rhizoma Cyperi to activate
Liver downward consist primarily of herbs that
Qi and relieve stagnation and Rhizoma
jleuri, conduct Qi downward and either soothe
Atractylodis (which is bitter and warm in
izoma asthma or stop vomiting. Such formulae
nature) to resolve Dampness.
ionize stop cough and wheeze, harmonize the
■ Cold is characterized by contraction. When
ite Qi Stomach and stop vomiting in patterns of
stagnation of Qi is complicated with Cold, it
justici Rebellious Qi of the Lung or Stomach, either
produces disorders such as hernia and cold
ivigo- of which may involve underlying Cold or
epigastric pain. For this pattern, herbs that
, This Heat, Deficiency or Excess.
disperse Cold and warm the Interior should
tment
be added. An example is Liang Gu Wan
with (Galangal and Cyperus Pill), which treats a. Formulae that conduct Rebellious Qi downward
?r and epigastric pain, using one ingredient to and soothe asthma
idriac — Formulae that conduct Rebellious Qi
activate Qi and the other to disperse Cold.
■ Another example is Nuan Gan jian (Warm downward and soothe asthma treat
1) is a Rebellious Lung Qi. The Lungs' function of
the Liver Decoction), which treats hernia
'g Qi presenting as a cold sensation and pain in dispersing can be impaired either by
treats invasion of the Lung by external pathogenic
the lower abdomen. This formula combines
with factors or by dysfunction of the Kidneys'
Radix Linderae and Lignum Aquilariae
»ntion reception of Qi, giving rise to symptoms of
Resinatum with Cortex Cinnamomi and
uses
Fructus Foeniculi. cough, dyspnoea, stuffiness of the chest and
b and coarse breathing.
- The Liver is a Yin organ and stores a Yin
justici — These formulae often consist of herbs such
substance (Blood), but Liver Yang tends to
lation as Fructus Perillae, Semen Armeniacae
rise. Severe stagnation of Liver Qi or trans
Qi. Amarum, Radix Asteris, Flos Farfarae,
formation of stagnant Qi into Fire may
i San Cortex Mori Radicis and Lignum Aquilariae
damage Blood. In addition, herbs that
■nsists Resinatum, with the addition of other herbs
activate Qi circulation are often aromatic and
144 Part 4: Cc ns mid comparisons of commonly used formulae

according to (he condition of the individual

patient.
— For retention of Turbid Phlegm in the Lungs
with impairment of dispersing and
descending, herbs that dry Dampness and
resolve Phlegm should be added. An
example is Sit Zi Jiang Qi Tang (Perilla Seed
Lowering Qi Decoction), in which Fructus
Perillae is the Emperor herb. This formula
uses Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis to
promote the Lungs' function of dispersing
and descending in order to stop cough and
wheeze, and Rhizoma Pinelliae and Radix
Peucedani to dry Dampness and resolve
Phlegm.
— For retention of Phlegm-Heat in the Interior
which impairs the Lungs' descending
function, herbs that clear Lung Heat and
resolve Phlegm should be added. An
example is Ding Oman Tang (Arrest
Wheezing Decoction), which uses Herba
Ephedrae and Semen Ginkgo to soothe
wheeze, Radix Scutellariae and Cortex Mori
Radicis to clear Lung Heat and soothe
wheeze and Rhizoma Pinelliae to resolve
Phlegm.
— The Kidneys are responsible for reception of
Qi. If retention of Turbid Phlegm in the
Lungs is complicated with deficiency of the
Kidneys' reception of Qi, there will be
dyspnoea on exertion with more difficulty
on inhalation than exhalation. In this case,
herbs that warm the Kidneys and assist
reception of Qi should be added, such as
Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum, Cortex
Cinnamomi and Gecko. An example is the
use of Cortex Cinnamomi and Lignum
Aquilariae Resinatum in Perilla Seed
Lowering Qi Decoction, which is indicated
for patterns in which the excess in the upper
body (i.e. retention of Turbid Phlegm and
Rebellious Qi) is more pronounced than the
deficiency in the lower body (Kidney Yang
Deficiency with failure to receive Qi).
— If asthma is caused simply by deficiency of
the Lungs and Kidneys, the treatment
method should be primarily
tonification.Representative formulae include
Ren Slwn Hit Tno Tang (Ginseng and Walnut
Decoction) and Rni Shcn Gc Jic Sim (Ginseng
and Gecko Powder).
b. Formulae the', conduct ReMIiou* Qi do\cinnm1
and star ^»ui:in<>
— Formulae which conduct Rebellions Qi
downward and stop vomiting treat
Rebellious Stomach Qi. When the Stomach
functions properly, Stomach Qi descends.
Improper diet or retention of pathogenic
factors impair the descending function of the
Stomach and gives rise to symptoms of
vomiting, hiccup, belching and retching.
— These formulae consist primarily of herbs
such as Flos Inulae, Haematitum, Rhizoma
Pinelliae, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, Caulis
Bambusae in Taeniam and Calyx Kaki.
Because the causes of Rebellious Stomach Qi
differ, other herbs are added according to the
condition of the individual patient.
— In cases of pathogenic Cold, the correct treat
ment method is to warm the Middle Burner
and conduct Rebellious Qi downward. An
example is Ding Xiang Shi Di Tang (Clove
and Persimmon Calyx Decoction), which
uses Flos Caryophylli to warm the Stomach,
disperse Cold and conduct Rebellious Qi
downward and Calyx Kaki to conduct
Rebellious Qi downward and stop hiccup.
— If Rebellious Qi is due to retention of Empty
Heat in the Stomach, herbs that clear Heat
should be added, such as Pericarpium Citri
Reticulatae, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens and
Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam in Ju Pi Zhu Ru
Tang (Tangerine Peel and Bamboo Shaving
Decoction).
— If Rebellious Qi is due to Stomach Qi
Deficiency and is complicated with retention
of Turbid Phlegm, herbs that resolve Phlegm
should be added. An example is Xuan Fit
Dai Zhc Tang (Inula and Haematite
Decoction), in which Flos Inulae and
Haematitum are combined with Rhizoma
PIneliiae and Rhizoma Zingiberis to conduct
Rebellious Qi downward, resolve Phlegm
and stop vomiting.
— Failure of Stomach Qi to descend is closely
related to deficiency of Stomach Qi. The
foregoing formulae therefore often include
herbs (hat tonify Qi, invigorate the Spleen,
harmonize the Stomach and produce Body
Fluids, such as Radix Ginseng, treated Radix
Glycyrrhizae or Fructus Ziziphi jujubae.
C. POINTS TO REMEMBER IN
FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS TO
REGULATE QI
1. Disorders of Qi can arise from either
deficiency or excess. Formulae tor regulating
 Formulae that regulate Qi 145

Qi are indicated for Qi disorders of the resolves Dampness and assists digestion as
g treat
excess type. If tonification is used to treat Qi secondary actions. It is thus indicated for Six
Stomach
Stagnation of the excess type, the condition Stagnations (i.e. stagnation of Qi, Blood,
lescends.
will be aggravated. On the other hand, if Phlegm, Fire, Dampness and Food), with
thogenic •JO |

distension and fullness due to deficiency are symptoms of distress and stuffiness in the
on of the
treated by invigorating the circulation of Qi chest and diaphragm, epigastric and abdom
>toms of
rather than tonifying, Qi will be further inal pain, acid regurgitation, vomiting and
ling,
damaged and deficiency will be aggravated. poor digestion. It is necessary to determine
of herbs
— In the treatment of patterns of combined which of the six stagnations is the most
Rhizoma
excess and deficiency, a small dose of Qi pronounced before additional ingredients of
is, Caulis
tonic herbs is added to formulae that the formula can be selected.
'x Kaki.
activate the circulation of Qi in order to treat — Bupleurum Soothing the Liver Decoction
imach Qi
both Ben and Biao. consists of Radix Bupleuri, Rhizoma Cyperi,
ng to the
2. Formulae to regulate Qi consist primarily of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Fructus
herbs that are pungent, warm, aromatic and Aurantii, Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong,
ect treat-
dry in nature. These herbs tend to consume Radix Paeoniae and treated Radix
e Burner
Qi and Yin and must be prescribed in the Glycyrrhizae. It is indicated for Liver Qi
rard. An
correct dosage.
Stagnation and stagnation of Blood with
? (Clove
— Such herbs are contraindicated in cases of Qi symptoms of alternating chills and fever,
), which
Deficiency and Empty Fire due to Yin hypochondriac pain, a pale purplish tongue
itomach,
Deficiency. They should be used with with white coating and a wiry pulse.
lious Qi
conduct caution in the treatment of Qi Stagnation
2. - Tian Tai Wu Yao San
iccup. complicated with Yin Deficiency, and in Top-Quality Lindera Powder
>f Empty
pregnant women, and should be balanced
- Nuan Gan }ian
;ar Heat by herbs that are sweet and cold in nature Warm the Liver Decoction
urn Citri and promote Body Fluids or nourish Blood.
3. Because most herbs that regulate Qi are — Both formulae contain Radix Linderae and
:ens and
aromatic and pungent in nature, their active Fructus Foeniculi, and both formulae
: Zhu Ru
ingredients will evaporate and be lost if they activate Qi circulation and disperse Cold.
Shaving
are decocted for a long time or if the lid of They are otherwise quite different.
the cooking pot is removed from time to — In Top-Quality Lindera Powder, Radix
tach Qi
time during cooking. Aromatic herbs such as Linderae is combined with herbs that
etention
Radix Aucklandiae and Lignum Aquilariae strongly relieve Qi Stagnation, such as Radix
Phlegm
Resinatum should be added in the last 4 or 5 Aucklandiae, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
iuan Fu
minutes of cooking. Viride and Semen Arecae, and the action of
tematite
invigorating Qi circulation is therefore more
ae and
pronounced. Fructus Meliae Toosendan,
ihizoma
D. A COMPARISON OF COMMONLY USED though bitter and cold in nature, is prepared
conduct
FORMULAE TO REGULATE QI with Fructus Crotonis (which is removed
Phlegm
(TABLE 32.1)
from the formula after preparation), thus
intensifying its action of warming and
; closely 1. - Yue }u Wan dispersing; Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinalis
Qi. The Gardenia-Ligusticum Pill and Fructus Foenicuii combine to treat long
include - ChaiHu Shu Gan San standing accumulated Cold.
Spleen, Bupleurum Soothing the Liver
— This formula is commonly used in the treat
:e Body Decoction ment of Cold-type hernia with symptoms of
d Radix
— Both formulae activate Qi circulation, relieve hardness and swelling of the scrotum and
stagnation and stop pain. violent pain radiating to the lower abdomen.
— Gardenia-Ligusticum Pill consists of Because all the ingredients of this formula
Rhizoma Cyperi, Rhizoma Ligustici eliminate pathogenic factors, this formula
Chuanxiong, Rhizoma Atractylodis, Fructus treats excess-type patterns only.
iTO Gardeniae and Massa Fermentata — In addition to Radix Linderae and Fructus

Medicinalis. It activates Qi circulation and Foeniculi, Warm the Liver Decoction

relieves stagnation as its primary action and contains Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum,
either
activates Blood circulation, clears Heat, Cortex Cinnamomi, Radix Angelicae
;ulating
146 Part 4: Combinations and companions of commonly used formulae

Table 32.1 Comparison of formulae that regulate Qi

Formula Actions Indications

Gardenia-Ligusticum Pill Activates Qi circulation and Six Stagnations

relieves stagnation
Activates Blood circulation
Clears Heat
Resolves Damp
Assists digestion

Bupleurum Soothing the Liver Activates Qi circulation and Liver Qi Stagnation

Decoction relieves stagnation Blood Stagnation

Top-Quality Lindera Powder Activates Qi Circulation Excess-type patterns of Cold

Strongly warms and disperses accumulation (especially hernia)
pathogenic Cold

Warm the Liver Decoction Activates Qi circulation Liver and Kidney Deficiency
Disperses Cold complicated with invasion of Cold
Tonifies Liver and Kidneys

Perilla Seed Lowering Qi Conducts Rebellious Qi downward 'Excess above and Deficiency below',
Decoction Warms and resolves Cold Phlegm i.e. cough and wheeze due to
Assists Kidney reception of Qi Kidney Deficiency and Phlegm

Arrest Wheezing Decoction Stimulates Lung functions of Recurrent asthma, due to Wind-Cold
descending and dispersing with underlying Internal Phlegm-
Resolves Phlegm Heat

Inula and Haematite Decoction Conducts Stomach Qi downward Rebellious Stomach Qi due to Stomach
Tonifies Qi Qi Deficiency and retention of
Resolves Phlegm Turbid Phlegm

Tangerine Peel and Bamboo Clears Heat Rebellious Stomach Qi due to Empty
Shaving Decoction Conducts Stomach Qi downward Stomach Heat
Tonifies Qi
Nourishes the Stomach

Clove and Persimmon Calyx Warms the Stomach Hiccup or vomiting due to Stomach
Decoction Conducts Stomach Qi downward Deficiency with Stagnation of Cold
Activates Qi circulation

Sinensis, Fructus Lycii, Poria and Rhizoma — Perilla
Zingiberis Recens. This formula is indicated
for Liver and Kidney Deficiency and BJood
Deficiency complicated with invasion of
Cold, as seen in Cold-type hernia marked by
deficiency complicated with excess.
Symptoms include a cold sensation and pain
in the scrotum, inability to attain an erection,
pale complexion, cold feet, a white tongue
coating and a deep pulse.
3. - Su Zi }ian$ Qi Tang
Perilla Seed Lowering Qi Decoction
Seed Lowering Qi Decoction
consists of Fructus Perillae, Rhizoma
Pinelliae, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis,
Radix Peucedani, Cortex Cinnamomi, Radix
Angelicae Sinensis and Radix Glycyrrhizae.
It conducts Rebellious Qi downward,
soothes wheeze and warms and resolves
Cold Phlegm as its primary actions and
warms the Kidneys to assist reception of Qi
as its secondary action. It is indicated for
cough and wheeze due to retention of
profuse Phlegm marked by excess in the

- Ding Chunn Tang upper body (i.e. the Lungs) and deficiency of
Arresl Wheezing Decoction the lower body (i.e. the Kidneys).
— Arrest Wheezing Decoction consists of
— Both formulae are indicated for asthma but Semen Ginkgo, Herba Ephedrae, Fructus
their use requires a differentiation of the Perillae, Rhizoma Pinelliae, Fios Farfarae,
underlying pattern. Semen Armeniacae Amarum, Cortex Mori
 Formulae that regulate Qi 147

Radicis, Radix Scutellariae and Radix tonifies Qi and nourishes the Stomach. It is
Glycyrrhizae. This formula is a collection of indicated for Rebellious Stomach Qi due to
many different types of herbs that treat Empty Heat in the Stomach, with symptoms
wheeze, including cold herbs, warm herbs, of hiccup, vomiting, a tender red tongue and
herbs which stimulate the dispersing a rapid deficient pulse.
function of the Lungs and herbs which Clove and Persimmon Calyx Decoction
astringe the Lungs. It stimulates the consists of Flos Caryophylli, Calyx Kaki,
functions of dispersing and descending, Radix Ginseng and Rhizoma Zingiberis
soothes wheeze and resolves Phlegm and is Recens. Using Flos Caryophylli and Calyx
thus indicated for recurrent asthma due to Kaki as the Emperor herbs, this formula
exposure to external Wind-Cold with warms the Stomach and conduct Rebellious
Internal Phlegm-Heat. Symptoms include Qi downward. It is effective in warming the
profuse sticky yellow sputum, a sticky Middle Burner, activating Qi circulation and
lia)
yellow tongue coating and a rolling and stopping hiccup.
rapid pulse. There may also be fever and This formula is indicated for hiccup due to
aversion to cold. Stomach Deficiency with stagnation of Cold
Cold
and Rebellious Stomach Qi. It also treats
4. - Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang
vomiting due to stagnation of Cold in the
Inula and Haematite Decoction
Stomach. In either case, symptoms include
- ]u Pi Zhu Ru Tang
hiccup, vomiting, clear and dilute sputum,
Tangerine Peel and Bamboo Shaving
epigastric distress, a pale tongue with white
Decoction
Cold
coating and a slow pulse.
- Ding Xiang Shi Di Tang
:gm-
Clove and Persimmon Calyx Decoction

— All three formulae conduct Stomach Qi

omach
f downward, stop belching and hiccup, tonify Questions
Qi and harmonize the Stomach. All are
1. Why are herbs that activate Blood circulation
indicated for Stomach Deficiency with
added to formulae that activate Qi circula
npty
symptoms of hiccup and belching but have
tion? Illustrate this with a prescription.
important differences.
2. For which pattern are herbs that warm the
— Inula and Haematite Decoction consists of
Kidneys and assist reception of Qi added to
Flos Inulae, Haematitum, Rhizoma Pinelliae,
formulae for conducting Rebellious Qi
ach Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, Radix Ginseng,
downward and soothing wheeze?
Cold
Radix Glycyrrhizae and Fructus Ziziphi
Jujubae. Using Flos Inulae and Haematitum
as the Emperor herbs, this formula elimi
nates Phlegm and conducts Rebellious Qi
oction downward.
izoma — This formula is indicated for Rebellious
inalis, Stomach Qi due to Stomach Qi Deficiency
Radix and retention of Turbid Phlegm with
■hizae. symptoms of epigastric distress, frequent
iward, belching, vomiting, a white slippery and
solves sticky tongue coating and a deficient wiry
s and pulse. It is very effective in relieving epigas
of Qi tric distress and nausea.
?d for — Tangerine Peel and Bamboo Shaving
on of Decoction consists of Pericarpium Citri
m the Reticulatae, Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam,

ncy of Rhizoma Zingibens Recens, Radix Ginseng,

Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae and Radix
its of Glycyrrhizae. Using Pericarpium Citri
ructus Reticulatae and Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam
■farae, as the Emperor herbs, this formula clears
Mori Heat, conducts Rebellious Qi downward,
148

33 Formulae that regulate Blood

A. GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR — To assist in resolving Blood Stasis, herbs

FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS THAT that activate Qi are often added to formulae
REGULATE BLOOD that activate Blood and resolve Blood
Stasis. One example is the use of Radix
— Formulae that regulate Blood treat Blood
Stagnation and haemorrhage.
Bupleuri and Fructus Aurantii in Xue Fu
Zhu Yu Tang (Blood Mansion Eliminating
— The formulation of prescriptions that
Stasis Decoction). Another is Dan Shen Yin
regulate Blood is based on the constitution of
(Salvia Decoction), in which Radix Salviae
the patient, the location of the disease, the
Miltiorrhizae is the Emperor herb and
duration and severity of pathological condi
Lignum Santalum and Fructus Amomi are
tions and the actions and characteristics of
included to activate Qi and relieve pain.
the herbs. The primary treatment method is
This formula is indicated for pain in the
activating Blood circulation and resolvine
Stasis. b heart and stomach due to stagnation of
Blood and Qi.
— When the aetiology, pathogenesis and
— If Blood Stagnation is caused by Cold, herbs
complications have been determined,
that warm the channels and disperse Cold
secondary treatment methods such as'
should be added. An example is Wen {ing
clearing Heat, warming, tonifying
purging may be selected.
Tang (Warm the Menses Decoction), in
which Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix
— Haemorrhage is treated primarily by the
Paeoniae and Rhizoma Ligustici Chuan-
method of stopping bleeding, but haemor-
xiong are the Emperor herbs, acting to acti
rhagic patterns vary in nature, location and
vate Blood circulation and resolve Stasis,
severity. Herbs that stop bleeding should
while Fructus Evodiae and Ramulus Cinna-
therefore be combined with herbs that clear
momi assist by warming the channels and
Fire, invigorate the Spleen, warm (he Yang
dispersing Cold. This formula is indicated
or resolve Stasis, as appropriate to the
patient's condition.
for stagnation of Blood with deficiency and
coldness of the Chong and Ren channels;
symptoms include irregular menstruation,
dysmenorrhoea, uterine bleeding and infer
B. TYPES OF FORMULA THAT REGULATE tility.
BLOOD
— Chronic Blood Stagnation prevents the pro
1. Formulae that activate Blood circulation duction of new Blood, thus leading to defici
and resolve Blood Stasis ency of Qi and Blood. Conversely, Qi and
Blood Deficiency can lead to stagnation of
— Formulae that activate the Blood and resolve
Blood. When stagnation is complicated with
Stasis smooth the circulation of Qi and Blood
deficiency,, herbs that nourish Blood and
in the channels and collaterals and disperse
stagnant Blood.
tonily Qi should be added as appropriate.
For example, Blood Mansion Eliminating
— Qi and Blood are intimately related.
Stasis Decoction includes Radix Rehmanni-
Circulation of Qi leads to circulation of
ae and Radix Angelicae Sinensis to nourish
Blood, stagnation of Qi leads to slagnation of
Blood; Bu YtJ,,g Hum: W,/ Tnng (Tonify (he
Blood and stagnation of Blood can retard the
circulation of Qi.
Vang to Restore Five-Tenths Decoction),
which is indicated for hemipiegia due to Qi
 Formulae that regulate Blood 149

Deficiency and Blood Stasis, includes a large ■ For fresh blood in the stool, the correct treat
dose of Radix Astragali sen Hedysari. ment method is to clear Heat from the
— If Blood Stagnation is complicated with intestines and stop bleeding with Huai Hun
pathogenic Heat which gives rise to disor San (Sophora Japonica Flower Powder).
ders in the lower body, bitter and| cold This formula uses Flos Sophorae to clear
purgative herbs should be added, such as Damp-Heat from the intestines and stop
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Natrii Sulfas. Tao bleeding and includes Cacumen Biotae and
Ren Cheng Qi Tang (Peach Pit Decoction to charred Herba Schizonepetae to enhance its
Order the Qi), which is indicated for a haemostatic effect.
combination of Blood Stagnation and Heat - For urinary disturbance with haematuria,
in the Lower Burner, is made up of Tiao Wei the method of treatment is to cool Blood,
Cheng Qi Tang (Regulate the Stomach and stop bleeding, promote urination and open
. herbs Order the Qi Decoction) plus Semen the Waterways. The representative formula
rmulae Persicae and Ramulus Cinnamomi. is Xiao )i Yin Zi (Cephalanoplos Decoction),
Blood — If stagnant Blood forms paipable abdominal in which Herba Cephalanoploris and Radix
Radix masses, herbs that activate the Blood gener Rehmanniae are combined with Nodus
(ue Fu ally will not be effective and substances that Nelumbinis Rhizomatis and Pollen Typhae
nating break stagnation and resolve masses will be to cool Blood, stop bleeding and resolve
mn Yin needed. Such substances include Hirudo, Blood Stasis.
Salviae Tabanus, Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga, - In Cold deficient patterns, haemorrhage is
b and Rhizoma Sparganii and Rhizoma Zedoariae. caused by Spleen deficiency with impair
mi are The representative formula is Bie jia jian Wan ment of the Spleen's function of controlling
; pain, (Turtle Shell Pill). Blood, and deficiency of the Chong and Ren
in the channels. The treatment method is to warm
ion of and tonify to stop bleeding. Huang Tu Tang
2. Formulae that stop bleeding
(Yellow Earth Decoction) is a formula
, herbs — Formulae that stop bleeding treat both commonly used in the treatment of bloody
e Cold internal and external bleeding. stool, haemoptysis and epistaxis due to
m jing Haemorrhagic patterns can arise from excess deficiency of the Middle Burner with stagna
tn), in or deficiency and may involve different tion of Cold. This formula contains Terra
Radix Zang Fu, and these factors will determine Flava Usta or Halloysitum Rubrum which
-huan- the selection of herbs. warm the Yang to stop bleeding, and
:o acti- — The most common cause of haemorrhagic Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Radix
Stasis, patterns is Fire, which damages blood Aconiti Praeparata and Radix Glycyrrhizae
Cinna- vessels and causes the Blood to leave the which warm the Yang and invigorate the
1s and vessels. Symptoms include haemoptysis, Spleen to restore the Spleen's function of
licated epistaxis, haematemesis, uterine bleeding controlling Blood.
:y and and bloody stool. The treatment method is to Jiao Ai Tang (Ass-Hide Gelatin and
innels; clear Heat, cool Blood and stop bleeding. Mugwort Decoction) is indicated for uterine
lation, — Shi Hui San (Ten Partially-Charred bleeding. It contains Colla Corii Asini and
infer- Substance Powder) is a commonly used Folium Artemisiae Argyi to stop bleeding
formula which cools Blood and stops and nourish Blood, and Radix Rehmanniae
ie pro- bleeding with Herba seu Radix Cirsii Praeparata, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix
defici- Japonici, Herba Ccphalanoploris, Folium Angelicae Sinensis and Rhizoma Ligustici
|)i and Nelumbinis, Cacumen Biotae, Radix Rubiae, Chuanxiong to nourish Blood and regulate
ion of Rhizoma Imperatae and Cortex Trachycarpi. menstruation. It treats both the Biao and the
i with It also includes Frucfus Gardeniae, Cortex Ben of bleeding due to deficiency of the
i and Moutan Radicis and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Chong and Ren channels.
priate. to clear Heat and Fire and conduct Heat Blood coagulates on exposure to Cold;
nating downward. The haemostatic effect of the warmth causes it to circulate. Large doses of
nanni- formula is enhanced by charring the ingredi herbs that cool Blood and stop bleeding tend
ourish ents to ash. It is indicated for haemoptysis, to cause stagnation of Blood and herbs that
fy the haematemesis, bloody stool and haematuria activate the Blood and resolve Stasis should
ction), caused by reckless movement of Blood due be added to formulae that stop bleeding
■ to Qi to Heat. to counter this effect. An example is the
150 Part 4: Combinations ami com patron-. o< commonly used formulae

inclusion of Radix Rubiac and Cortex

D. A COMPARISON OF COMMONLY USED
Moutan Radicis in Ten Partially-Charred
FORMULAE THAT REGULATE BLOOD
Substance Powder.
(TABLE 33.1)

i. - Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang

C. POINTS TO REMEMBER IN Blood Mansion Eliminating Stasis
FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS TO Decoction
REGULATE BLOOD - Fu Yuan Huo Xue Tang
Revive Health by Invigorating the
1. In using formulae to regulate Blood, it is
Blood Decoction
necessary to identify the cause, location and
duration of the disease. In an acute case, the — In both formulae, herbs that activate the
Biao is treated; in a chronic case, both the Blood and resolve Stasis are combined with
Biao and Ben are treated. Simply treating the herbs that harmonize the Liver and activate
symptoms of Stasis or bleeding is not thera- Qi, such as Semen Persicae, Flos Carthami,
peutically effective. Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Bupleuri
2. Formulae that activate Blood circulation and Radix Glycyrrhizae.
or resolve Stasis tend to consume Blood and — Blood Mansion Eliminating Stasis
Qi; formulae that stop bleeding may Decoction also contains Rhizoma Ligustici
produce stagnation of Blood. Herbs that Chuanxiong, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Radix
benefit Qi and nourish Blood are therefore Achyranthis Bidentatae, Radix Rehmanniae,
often added to formulae that activate Blood Radix Platycodi and Fructus Aurantii to
and resolve Stasis in order to avoid damage enhance the effect of activating Qi and Blood
to the Upright Qi, and herbs that activate and resolving Stasis.
Blood and resolve Stasis are often added — Revive Health by Invigorating the Blood
to formulae that stop bleeding in order to Decoction also contains Squama Manitis,
avoid producing Stasis. Formulae that Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Radix
activate Blood and resolve Stasis should Trichosanthis, making it even more effective
be used with caution on pregnant women in activating Blood and resolving Stasis.
and patients with profuse menstrual — Although both formulae are indicated for
bleeding. stagnation of Blood, the former is more effec-

Table 33.1 Comparison of formulae (hat regulate Blood

Formula Actions Indications

Blood Mansion Eliminating Activates Qi and Blood Stagnation of Blood in the chest
Stasis Decoclion Resolves Stasis

Revive Health by Invigorating the More strongly activates Blood and Stagnation of Blood in the
Blood Decoction resolves Stasis hypochondrium due to
traumatic injury

Cephalanoplos Decoction Clears 1 leal Haematuria due to stagnation of

Cools Blood Blood and Heat in the Lower
Promotes urination Burner

Eliminating Redness Decoction Clears Heart Heat Urinary disturbance due to Heart
Promotes urination Heat

Sophora Japonica Flower Decoction Cools Blood and slops bleeding Bloody stool due to Wind and
Fire Poison or Damp-Heat at the
Blood level of the Spleen and
Stomach

Yellow Earth Decoction Warm Yang Bloody stool due to Spleen Yang
Invigorates the Spleen and Deficiencv
promotes the control oi Blood
 Formulae that regulate Blood 151

LY USED tive in treating stagnation of Blood in the Flava Usta, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macroce-
JLOOD chest with symptoms of chest pain, palpita phalae, Radix Aconiti Praeparata and Colla
tions, insomnia, dream-disturbed sleep, Corii Asini. The formula warms Yang, invig
irritability and afternoon fever; the latter is orates the Spleen and stimulates the control
more effective in treating stagnation of of Blood. It treats bloody stool due to Spleen
asis
Blood in the hypochondrium due to Yang Deficiency with an impairment of the
traumatic injury, with the symptom of intol Spleen's function of controlling the Blood;
erable hypochondriac pain. the key symptom is a dribbling discharge of
the
dark or pale blood following the stool.
2. - Xiao ]i Yin Zi
Accompanying symptoms include a sallow
Cephalanoplos Decoction
tivate the complexion, pale tongue with white coating
- Dao Chi San
ined with and a deep, thready and weak pulse.
Eliminating Redness Powder
d activate
Carthami, — Both formulae clear Heat and promote
Bupleuri urination and are thus indicated for urinary
disturbances. Questions
; Stasis — Cephalanoplos Decoction is made up of
1. Give examples to illustrate why herbs that
i Ligustici Eliminating Redness Powder plus Herba
activate Qi circulation are often added to
>ra, Radix Cephalanoploris, Pollen Typhae, Nodus
formulae that activate Blood and resolve
imanniae, Nelumbinis Rhizomatis and Radix
Blood Stasis.
urantii to Angelicae Sinensis to cool Blood and stop
2. What are the functions of Fructus Gardeniae
and Blood bleeding, and Fructus Gardeniae and
and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei in Ten Partially-
Talcum to clear Heat and Fire and promote
charred Substance Powder?
lie Blood urination. It is thus more effective in clearing
i Manitis, Heat and cooling Blood and is indicated for
d Radix urinary disturbance with haematuria due to

e effective stagnation of Blood and Heat in the Lower

•tasis. Burner, with symptoms of haematuria,

icated for hesitant burning and painful urination, a red

note effec- tongue and a rapid pulse.

— Eliminating Redness Powder clears Heart
Heat and promotes urination and is thus
indicated for urinary disturbance due to
Heart Heat moving down to the Small
Intestine, with symptoms of painful and
hesitant passage of dark urine with mild
ie chest haematuria.

3. - Huai Hua San

Sophora Japonica Flower Powder
- Huang Tu Tang
Yellow Earth Decoction

lation of
— Both formulae are indicated for bloody stool,
Lower
but one treats a Full Heat pattern while the
other treats a Cold deficient pattern.
to Heart — The main ingredients of Sophora Japonica
Flower Powder are Flos Sophorae and
Cacumen Biotae. The formula cools Blood
i and
ieatatthe and stops bleeding; it treats bloody stool
en and resulting from an invasion of pathogenic
Wind and Fire Poison or Damp-Heat into the
Blood level of the Spleen and Stomach, with
=n Yang
the key symptom of an explosive discharge
of bright red blood before or after stools.
— Yellow Earth Decoction consists of Terra
152

34 Formulae that expel Dampness

purgatives may be used. If the patient has a

A. GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR
weak constitution, the treatment method
FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS THAT
must be combined with strengthening
EXPEL DAMPNESS
Upright Qi.
— The formulation of prescriptions that expel — If pathogenic Dampness is complicated with
Dampness is based on the nature and pathogenic Wind, herbs that eliminate
location of the disease, the particular Zang Wind-Damp must be included.
Fu involved and whether there are other
pathogenic factors complicating the condi
tion. B. TYPES OF FORMULA THAT EXPEL
— As a general rule, if pathogenic Dampness DAMPNESS
affects the upper or exterior parts of the
1. Formulae that dry Dampness and
body, herbs that induce diaphoresis are
harmonize the Stomach
primarily used to eliminate the pathogen by
mild sweating. If pathogenic Dampness — Formulae that dry Dampness and harmo
affects the lower or interior parts of the body, nize the Stomach consist primarily of bitter
diuretic herbs arc primarily used to drain and warm herbs that dry Dampness and
Dampness through urination. aroma tics that resolve turbidity. These
— In the treatment of interior Dampness, formulae not only dry Dampness and
especially Damp-1 leat, the location of the resolve turbidity but also invigorate the
pathology within the Triple Burner must be Spleen's function of transportation and
determined. For example, if Dampness transformation. They are indicated for reten
affects the Upper Burner and the Lung tion of Turbid Dampness and disharmony
channel, pungent herbs are used to promote between the Spleen and Stomach.
the Lungs' dispersing function so that — The Spleen and Stomach receive food, and
Dampness can be resolved. transport and transform Water and
— If Dampness affects the Middle Burner, Dampness. They like dry ness and the
aromatic herbs are used to resolve aromatic smell, and dislike Dampness.
Dampness and regulate the Spleen, or bitter These formulae therefore consist largely of
and dry herbs are used to dry Dampness and aroma tics that dry Dampness, such as Herba
invigorate the Spleen's function of trans Agastachis, Herba Eupatorii and Rhizoma
portation and transformation. Atractylodis.
— If Dampness affects the Lower Burner and — Dampness is a Yin pathogen and tends to
involves the Kidneys and Bladder, diuretic consume Yang Qi; it obstructs Qi circulation,
herbs that relieve oedema or open the prevents Stomach Qi from descending and
Waterways are used to eliminate Water and may be complicated with external pathogens
Dampness. thai invade the surface of the body. These
— If Dampness transforms to Cold, one must factors determine the auxiliary herbs to be
also adopt the method of warming; if used in formulae to expel Dampness.
Dampness transforms to Heat, then the Heat — When retention of Dampness m the Spleen
must be cleared. and Stomach obstructs the circulation of Qi
— If a patient with a strong constitution has and gives rise to epigastric and abdominal
an excess of Water or Dampness, harsh distension and fullness, poor appetite and a
 Formulae that expel Dampness 153

sticky white tongue coating, herbs that Gardeniae and Herba Artemisiae

SS activate Qi circulation should be included in Scopariae

the formula, as in Ping Wei San (Balancing b. Herbs that drain Dampness through
the Stomach Powder), where ! Cortex urination, such as Poria, Polyporus
Magnoliae Officinalis and Pericarpium Citri Umbellatus, Rhizoma Alismatis, Semen
Reticulatae assist the Emperor herb Rhizoma Coicis and Medulla Tetrapanacis, and
Atractylodis in activating Qi and resolving diuretic herbs that open the Waterways,
Dampness. such as Talcum, Semen Plantaginis,
— If Stomach Qi fails to descend, producing Herba Dianthi, Herba Polygoni
symptoms of nausea and vomiting, one Avicularis, Folium Pyrrosiae and Herba
must harmonize the Stomach and conduct Lysimachiae
Rebellious Qi downward as well. An c. Aromatics that resolve Dampness, such
;nt has a
example is Bu Huan jin Zheng Qi San (Rectify as Herba Agastachis, Herba Eupatorii,
method
the Qi Powder Worth More Than Gold), in Fructus Amomi Cardamomi and
;»thening
which Rhizoma Atractylodis and Herba Rhizoma Acori Graminei
Agastachis are combined with Rhizoma d. Bitter and warm herbs that dry
ted with
Pinelliae and Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens. Dampness, such as Rhizoma
eliminate
— If internal Turbid Dampness is complicated Atractylodis, Rhizoma Pinelliae and
with invasion of External Cold-Wind, the Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis.
method of resolving Dampness must be
The way in which these herbs are combined
combined with the method of Releasing the
•L depends upon the relative severity of
Exterior. An example is Huo Xiang Zheng Qi
Dampness and Heat and the location of the
San (Agastache Upright Qi Powder), in
disease. As a general rule, if Dampness is
which the Emperor herb, Herba Agastachis,
more severe than Heat, the primary treat
is combined with Radix Angelicae
ment method is to expel Dampness and the
Dahuricae to disperse Wind-Cold and with
harmo- secondary method is to clear Heat. An
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis, Pericarpium
of bitter example is San Ren Tang (Three-Nut
Citri Reticulatae, Pericarpium Arecae,
less and Decoction), which employs Semen
Rhizoma Pinelliae and Poria to resolve
. These Armeniacae Amarum, Fructus Amomi
Dampness and regulate Qi.
ess and Cardamomi, Semen Coicis, Rhizoma
rate the 2. Formulae that clear Damp-Heat Pinelliae and Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis to
on and resolve Dampness and regulate Qi, and
— Formulae that clear Damp-Heat are made up
or reten- Herba Lophatheri, Medulla Tetrapanacis
of herbs that clear Heat and either resolve
larmony and Talcum to clear Heat and drain
Dampness or drain Dampness through
Dampness. This formula treats Damp-Heat
urination. They are indicated for patterns of
>od, and in all three Burners at the same time.
Dampness turning to Heat, or combined
er and If Heat is more severe than Dampness, the
patterns of Dampness and Heat.
and the primary treatment method is to clear Heat
— The combination of pathogenic Dampness
mpness. and the secondary method is to expel
and Heat is characterized by slow onset and
irgely of Dampness. An example is Bai Hu jia Cang
long duration and the resulting pathological
as Herba Zhu Tang (White Tiger plus Atractylodis
changes are difficult to treat. Simply clearing
?hizoma Decoction), which employs Gypsum
Heat will not eliminate Dampness and
Fibrosum and Rhizoma Anemarrhenae to
simply eliminating Dampness will not clear
tends to clear Heat and Fire, and Rhizoma
Heat. Dampness is a Yin pathogen and
culation, Atractylodis to dry Dampness.
cannot be resolved without using warm
ling and If Dampness and Heat are of equal severity,
herbs; Heat is a Yang pathogen and cannot
ithogens the methods of clearing Heat and expelling
be cleared without using cool herbs.
y. These Dampness are given equal emphasis. An
Formulae that clear Damp-Heat are thus
bs to be example is Can Lu Xiao Du Dan (Sweet
complex and can be classified into four
Dew Special Pill to Eliminate Toxin), in
categories:
e Spleen which the main herbs, Talcum, Herba
on of Qi a. Herbs that clear Heat and Dampness, Artemisiae Scopariae and Radix Scutellariae,
domina! such as Radix Scutellariae, Rhizoma are combined with Fructus Forsythiae,
'.te and a Coptidis, Cortex Phellodendri, Fructus Caulis Akebiae, Rhizoma Acori Graminei,
154 Part 4: Combination? and comparisons of commonly used formulae

Herba Agastachis and Fructus Amomi Defensive Qi, the correct treatment method
Cardamomi. consists of benefiting Qi and promoting
— If the pathological changes are most diuresis. The representative formula is Fang
apparent in the Middle Burner, with ]i Huang Qi Tang {Stephania and Astragalus
symptoms of epigastric distress and poor Decoction), in which Radix Stephaniae
appetite, the treatment method is to resolve Tetrandrae is combined with Radix Astragali
Dampness and harmonize the Middle seu Hedysari, Rhizoma Atractylodis
Burner. An example is Three-Nut Macrocephalae and Radix Glycyrrhizae to
Decoction, which contains Fructus Amomi promote diuresis without damaging the
Cardamomi, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis Upright Qi.
and Rhizoma PInelliae. — When Dampness obstructs Qi, giving rise to
— If the disease is located in the Upper Burner, symptoms of oedema with distension and
with symptoms of dizziness, sore throat, fullness in the epigastrium and abdomen,
fever and aversion to cold, herbs that the correct treatment method consists of
promote the Lungs' dispersing function activating Qi circulation and promoting
should be added, for example Semen diuresis. The representative formula is Wu
Armeniacae Amarum in Three-Nut Pi San (Five-Peel Powder), which combines
Decoction. Poria peel, Cortex Mori Radicis and ginger
— If the Damp-Heat moves downward to the peel with Pericarpium Arecae and
Lower Burner, giving rise to symptoms of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae to activate Qi
urinary disturbance and leucorrhoea, the in order to activate fluid circulation.
treatment method is to clear Damp-Heat in — When the Bladder's function of controlling
the Lower Burner. Examples include the use urine is impaired, causing retention of Water
of Talcum, Semen Plantaginis, Herba in the Lower Burner with symptoms of
Dianthi and Herba Polygoni Avicularis in Ba oedema and dysuria, the correct treatment
Zheng San (Eight-Herb Powder for method consists of strengthening Qi and
Rectification), and the use of Cortex promoting diuresis. The representative
Phellodendri and Rhizoma Atractylodis in formula is Wu Ling San (Five 'Ling'
Er Miao San (Two-Marvel Powder). Powder), which combines Rhizoma
Alismatis, Polyporus Umbellatus, Poria and
3. Diuretic formulae that drain Dampness Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae with
Ramulus Cinnamomi or Cortex Cinnamomi
— Formulae that expel Dampness through the to strengthen the Bladder's function of
urine consist primarily of herbs that are controlling urine.
sweet and bland in nature. They are — If Water and Dampness turn to Heat which
indicated for retention of excess Water and damages Yin, giving rise to symptoms of
Dampness with symptoms of oedema and dysuria, fever and thirst, the correct treat
retention of urine.
ment method consists of clearing Heat,
— Oedema and urinary retention due to excess nourishing Yin and promoting diuresis. The
Water and Dampness are treated with the representative formula is Zhu Ling Tang
method of draining Water and Dampness (Polyporus Decoction), whichcombines
through urination. There is a saying, 'If Polyporus Umbellatus, Poria and Rhizoma
urination is not promoted in the treatment of Alismatis with Colla Corii Asini and Talcum
Damp syndromes, the method is wrong.' to drain Dampness, clear Heat and nourish
— These formulae consist primarily of herbs Yin simultaneously.
such as Polyporus Umbellatus, Poria,
Rhizoma Alismatis and Semen Coicis.
Complications such as overflow of Water to 4. Formulae that warm and expel Water and
Dampness
the muscles, obstruction of Qi circulation in
the Inferior or impairment of the Bladder's — Formulae that warm and expel Water and
function of controlling urine require the Dampness act to warm Yang, disperse Cold
addition of other herbs. and drain Dampness through urination.
— If Water and Dampness are retained in the They are indicated for patterns of transfor
muscles due to invasion of external mation of Dampness into Cold and patterns
pathogenic Wind and deficiency of of Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency with
 Formulae that expel Dampness- 155

nethod impairment of transportation and transfor remove obstruction from the collaterals.

moting mation of fluids. Symptoms include oedema, Herbs that activate Qi, eliminate Dampness

is Fang urinary disturbance and turbid urine- and relax the tendons, or tonify and astringe

ragalus Patterns of Cold Damp are characterized by the Kidneys, are therefore added to formulae
jhaniae Internal Cold, retention of Water and for these patterns. The representative

stragali Dampness in the Interior, and Spleen and formulae are:

:tylodis Kidney Yang Deficiency. Pathogenic Cold - Shi Pi San (Strengthening the Spleen
cannot be eliminated without warming; Decoction), which uses Radix Auck-
izae to
ng the Water and Dampness cannot be eliminated landiae, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis,
without diuresis; and Spleen and Kidney Semen Arecae and Fructus Tsaoko

; rise to Yang Deficiency cannot be rectified without - Ji Ming San (Powder to Take at Cock's

on and tonification. Crow), which uses Fructus Chaenomelis

3 omen, - Patterns of Cold Damp are therefore treated and Semen Arecae

jists of by combining the methods of warming and and

moting invigorating the Spleen and Kidneys with - Bei Xie Fen Qing Yin (Dioscorea
the methods of dispelling Cold and Hypoglauca Decoction to Separate the
is Wu
mbines activating fluid circulation. Formulae Clear), which uses Fructus Alpiniae
include: Oxyphyllae and Radix Linderae.
ginger
• and
- herbs that warm Yang and disperse Cold,
vate Qi such as Ramulus Cinnamomi, Radix 5. Formulae that expel Wind-Damp
Aconiti Praeparata and Rhizoma
trolling — Formulae that expel Wind-Damp treat Bi
Zingiberis
f Water syndromes and relieve pain. They are
- herbs that drain Dampness, such as Poly-
ams of indicated for invasion of the muscles,
porus Umbellatus, Poria and Rhizoma
jatment
channels and collaterals, tendons, bones and
Alismatis
Qi and
joints by Wind-Damp; symptoms include
- herbs that invigorate the Spleen and
mtative
aversion to cold, fever, a heavy sensation
benefit Qi, such as Radix Codonopsis
'Ling'
and pain in the head and body, lumbago,
Pilosulae, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macro-
pain in the knees and numbness.
hizoma cephalae and Radix Glycyrrhizae.
— Disorders of Wind-Damp vary in location
■ria and
le with The representative formulae include Ling and complications and the selection of herbs
lamomi Gui Zhu Gan Tang (Poria-Ramulus will vary accordingly.
tion of Cinnamomi- Atractylodes-Glycyrrhiza — If the upper body (i.e. the head, face and
Decoction) and Zhen VJu Tang (True Warrior muscles) are affected, giving rise to pain in

t which Decoction). The former is more effective in the head, shoulders and back, or if there is
warming Yang and resolving retained fluid; fever and aversion to cold, herbs such as
oms of
:t treat- it is thus indicated for retention of Phlegm Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii, Radix
and fluid with symptoms of palpitations, Ledebouriellae, Rhizoma Ligustici
; Heat,
dizziness and vertigo, cough and dyspnoea. Chuanxiong and Radix Angelicae Dahuricae
sis. The
The tatter is more effective in warming the are selected.
8 Tan&
mbines Kidneys and promoting diuresis; it is thus — If the lower body (i.e. the lower back, knees

hizoma indicated for oedema due to Kidney Yang and ankles) are affected, with symptoms of
Deficiency. lumbago, pain in the knees and reduced
Talcum
Retention of Cold-Damp in the Interior mobility of joints, herbs such as Radix
nourish
obstructs the circulation of Qi, giving rise to Angelicae Pubescentis, Radix Stephaniae
abdominal distension. Invasion of the lower Tetrandrae and Fructus Chaenomelis are
body by Dampness affects the channels and chosen.
rand collaterals, causing the ankles to swell. — Qiang Huo Sheng Shi Tang (Notopterygium
Urinary disturbance with turbid urine is Dispelling Dampness Decoction) is a
related to Kidney Deficiency. When there is commonly used formula for the treatment of
ter and
Qi stagnation, one should activate the Qi; invasion by external Wind-Damp. In this
se Cold
when there is Kidney Deficiency, one should formula, Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii
ination.
astringe in order to tonify the Kidneys; when and Radix Angeiicae Pubescentis are the
'ansfor-
the channels and collaterals are invaded by Emperor herbs, to disperse Wind-Damp
jatterns
Dampness, one should relax the tendons and from all parts of the body. Radix
cv with
156 Part 4. Combinations and comparisons of commonly used formulae

Ledebouriellae and Rhizoma Ligustici are and warm herbs also damages Body Fluids
the Minister, to relieve headache by and consumes Yin.
expelling Wind-Damp; Rhizoma Ligustici — Excessive use of bitter and cold herbs to
Chuanxiong and Fructus Viticis are the clear Damp-Heat damages not only Yin but
Assistant, to eliminate Wind and relieve also Yang Qi. If Yang Qi is damaged,
pain; and Radix Glycyrrhizae is the pathogenic Dampness will persist. If Yin is
Messenger, to harmonize the ingredients of consumed, Dampness will turn to Heat.
the formula. The overall formula promotes — The method of clearing Damp-Heat will
diaphoresis, expels Dampness and relieves further damage Yin; the method of
pain. nourishing Yin will then aggravate
- Chronic painful joints due to invasion by Dampness.
Wind-Damp often affect the Liver and — Attention should therefore be given to
Kidneys, giving rise to Qi and Blood protecting Qi and Yin when using formulae
Deficiency. Herbs that nourish Blood, that expel Dampness.
activate Blood circulation, tonify Qi, invigo
rate (he Spleen and tonify the Liver and
Kidneys are therefore added. The represen
tative formula is Du Huo ]i Sheng Tang D. A COMPARISON OF COMMONLY USED
(Angelica Pub escens-Loran thus Decoc FORMULAE THAT EXPEL DAMPNESS
tion). (TABLE 34.1)

1. - Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San

Agastache Upright Qi Powder
- Ping Wei San
C. POINTS TO REMEMBER IN
Balancing the Stomach Powder
FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS TO
EXPEL DAMPNESS — Both formulae dry Dampness, activate Qi
and harmonize the Stomach; they are thus
1. Patterns of Dampness vary in location and
indicated for retention of Dampness in the
according to the Zang Fu affected and treat
Middle Burner with symptoms of distension
ment must be adapted to the actual condi
and fullness in the epigastrium and
tion of the patient. Pathological conditions
abdomen, and abdominal pain.
will be aggravated if Dampness affects the
— Agastache Upright Qi Powder is more effec
Exterior but the Interior is treated, or if
tive in activating Qi and resolving
Dampness affects the upper body but the
Dampness as it combines Herba Agastachis
lower body is treated, or if the Spleen is
affected but the Kidney is treated. with Rhizoma Pinelliae, Cortex Magnoliae
2. Pathogenic Dampness in the body may turn Officinalis, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae,
Pcricarpium Arecae and Poria. It also
to Cold or Heat; it may combine with other
pathogenic factors to form Cold-Damp, Releases the Exterior and disperses Cold
Damp-Heat, Summer Heat-Damp or Wind- with Folium Periliae and Radix Angelicae
Damp. Dahuricae.

— If Dampness turns to Cold, the correct treat — Balancing the Stomach Powder is more
effective in drying Dampness and invigo
ment method consists of warming and
rating the Spleen as it combines a large dose
resolving Dampness. If Dampness turns to
Heat, the correct treatment method consists of Rhizoma Atractylodis with Cortex
of clearing Heat and expelling Dampness. If Magnoliae Officinalis and Pericarpium Citri
pathogenic Dampness combines with Reticulatae. It does not Release the Exterior.
pathogenic Wind, the treatment method — The first formula is thus indicated for
invasion of external Wind-Cold complicated
consists of eliminating Wind-Damp. If
with retention of interior Dampness; the
pathogenic Dampness combine? with
second is indicated for Dampness invading
Summer Heat, the treatment method
consists of clearing Summer Heat and elimi
the Spleen and Stomach with stagnation of
Qi.
nating Dampness. If exterior symptoms are
present, they must be addressed as well. 2. - Can Lu Xiao Du Dan
3. Dampness is a Yin pathogen and tends to Sweet Dew Special Pill to Eliminate
damage >ang Qi. Excessive use of bitter, dry Toxin
 formulae that expel Dampness 157

' Fluids Table 34.1 Comparison of formulae that expel Dampness

Formula Actions Indications

erbs to
Yin but Agastache Upright Qi Powder Activates Qi Invasion of Wind-Cold complicated
maged, Resolveb Damp with Interior Damp
Releases the Exterior and disperses
i Yin is
Cold
;at.
?at will Balancing the Stomach Powder Dries Damp Damp invading the Spleen and
lod of Invigorates the Spleen Stomach with stagnation of Qi

;gravate
Sweet Dew Special Pill to Clears Heat and Fire Poison Febrile disease due to invasion of
Eliminate Toxin Expels Damp Damp and Heat in equal degrees
iven to
jrmulae Three-Nut Decoction Regulates Qi Invasion of Damp-Heat, with
Resolves Damp Heat more Damp than Heat

Five 'Ling' Powder Invigorates Qi and Yang Dysuria due to impairment of the
Invigorates the Spleen Bladder's control of urine
Promotes diuresis
fUSED
JESS Polyporus Decoction Clears Heat Dysuria due to combination of
Promotes diuresis Water and Heat, complicated
Nourishes Yin with Yin Deficiency

- San Ren Tang indicated for the early stages of patterns of

Three-Nut Decoction Damp-Heat, when Dampness is more
vate Qi pronounced than Heat. The key to their
Both formulae clear Heat and expel
ire thus differentiation is the relative severity of
Dampness with Talcum and Fructus Amomi
s in the Dampness and Heat.
Cardamomi and are indicated for
stension
pathogenic Damp-Heat at the Qi level. 3. - W« Ling San
m and
Sweet Dew Special Pill to Eliminate Toxin Five 'Ling' Powder
contains more bitter and cold herbs that - Zhu Ling Tang
re effec-
eliminate Heat, Dampness and Fire Poison, Polyporus Decoction
?solving
e.g. large doses of Herba Artemisiae
astachis
Scopariae and Radix Scutellariae combined — Both formulae promote diuresis to drain
ignoliae
with Fructus Forsythiae and Herba Dampness and are indicated for Internal
culatae,
Menthae. Water and Dampness with dysuria.
It also
Three-Nut Decoction contains more pun — Five 'Ling' Powder treats dysuria due to
;s Cold
gent and dry herbs that resolve Dampness impairment of the Bladder's function of
ngelicae
and regulate Qi. In this formula, Semen controlling urine, with retention of Water in
Armeniacae Amarum and Semen Coicis are the Lower Burner. In this formula, Rhizoma
is more
combined with Rhizoma Pinelliae, Cortex Alismatis, Polyporus Umbellarus and Poria
invigo-
Magnoliae Officinalis, Herba Lophatheri are combined with Ramulus Cinnamomi to
ge dose
and Medulla Tetrapanacis to regulate Qi and invigorate Yang and produce Qi, and
Cortex
drain Dampness through urination. Rhizoma Atractylodis is added to invigorate
lm Citri
The first formula effectively clears Heat and the Spleen and promote diuresis.
xterior.
Fire Poison, expels Dampness and resolves — Polyporus Decoction treats dysuria due to
ted for
turbidity. The second promotes the smooth combined Water and Heat, complicated with
plicated
circulation of Qi and clears Damp-Heat; it is Yin Deficiency. In this formula, Poria,
ess; the
more effective in resolving Dampness and Polyporus Umbellatus and Rhizoma
-wading
regulating Qi. Alismatis are combined with Talcum to clear
ation of
Sweet Dew Special Pill to Eliminate Toxin Heat and relieve urinary disturbance, and

is indicated for febrile disease due to Colla Corii Asini is added to nourish Yin and
invasion of seasonal pathogenic Damp-Heat; moisten dryness.
iminate in this pattern, Dampness and Heat are of — The first formula is indicated for dysuria
equal severity. Three-Nut Decoction is with clear urine, fullness in the lower
158 Part 4: Cotnbuiutwiis and ami pardons of commonly \wd formulae

abdomen but no pain on urination, and a

pale tongue with white coating. The second
formula is indicated for dysuria with deep-
yellow urine, burning pain on urination,
restlessness, insomnia and a red tongue with
scanty coating.

Questions
1. Why are herbs that activate Qi circulation
added to formulae that dry Dampness and
harmonize the Stomach?
2. How do Three-Nut Decoction and Sweet
Dew Special Pill to Eliminate Toxin differ
in their actions and indications?
 159

Formulae that eliminate Phlegm 35

Spleen, resolve Phlegm and regulate Qi.

A. GUIDING PRINCIPLES IN
They are indicated for Phlegm-Damp
FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS TO
patterns.
ELIMINATE PHLEGM
— Patterns of Phlegm-Damp are caused by
— Phlegm is a pathological product of the impairment of the Spleen's function of trans
body, arising from a dysfunction of the Zang portation and transformation, leading to
Fu, particularly the Spleen and the Lungs. retention of Turbid Damp. They are charac
There is a saying, The Spleen produces terized by cough with profuse white sputum
Phlegm and the Lungs store it.' which is easy to expectorate, stuffiness of the
— Before deciding upon a treatment method chest, poor appetite and a slippery or sticky
and selecting a formula to treat a Phlegm white tongue coating.
pattern, it is important to clarify the nature — Rhizoma Pinelliae and Rhizoma Arisaematis
of the pattern. are often used as the main herbs in these
— Phlegm is Biao, i.e. a symptom, not the Ben formulae; they are combined with herbs that
of disease. The book Complete Collection of Jin expel Dampness and invigorate the Spleen,
Yue's Treatises says, 'Good doctors treat the such as Poria and Rhizoma Atractylodis
source of Phlegm.' One must not only elimi Macrocephalae, to treat the source of
nate Phlegm but also treat the source of Phlegm.
Phlegm. — Because retention of Phlegm leads to stagna
— Phlegm tends to move with Qi, affecting tion of Qi, herbs that activate Qi, such as
various parts of the body including the Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Fructus
chest, diaphragm, intestines, stomach, Aurantii and Fructus Aurantii Immaturus,
channels and collaterals, and the four limbs. are often added. Examples include the use of
Stagnation of Qi causes accumulation of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae in Er Chen
Phlegm and smooth circulation of Qi is Tang (Two Old Decoction) and the use of
necessary in order to eliminate Phlegm. Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae and Fructus
Herbs that regulate Qi must therefore be Aurantii Immaturus in Wen Dan Tang
included in formulae that eliminate Phlegm. (Wanning the Gall Bladder Decoction).
— In addition, the organs involved in Phlegm — If Phlegm production is due to Spleen
patterns must be treated, e.g. the Spleen Deficiency, herbs that tonify Qi and invigo
must be invigorated, the Lungs regulated rate the Spleen should be added, e.g. Radix
and the Kidneys tonified. Codonopsis Pilosulae, Rhizoma Atractylodis
Macrocephalae and treated Radix
Glycyrrhizae in Liu Jun Zi Tang (Six
Gentlemen Decoction).
B. TYPES OF FORMULA THAT ELIMINATE
PHLEGM 2. Formulae that clear Heat and resolve
1. Formulae that dry Dampness and resolve Phlegm

Phlegm
— These formulae consist primarily of herbs
— Formulae that dry Dampness and resolve that clear Heat and herbs that resolve
Phlegm consist primarily of bitter, warm and Phlegm. They eliminate Turbid Phlegm and
dry herbs that eliminate Phlegm. Such clear Internal Heat, and are indicated for
formulae dry Dampness, invigorate the Phlegm-Heat patterns.
160 Part 4: Combination* ami comparisons of commonly used formulae

— Patterns of Phlegm-Heat are caused by the Interior. They resolve Phlegm and
Internal Heat acting on the Lungs to retained Fluid, warm the Interior and
condense Body Fluids into Phlegm. disperse Cold, and are indicated for
Symptoms include cough with thick sticky patterns of Cold-Phlegm with retained
yellow sputum which is difficult to expecto Fluid.
rate, a red tongue with sticky yellow coating — Patterns of Phlegm-Fluid are marked by
and a rolling rapid pulse. cough with clear watery sputum, dyspnoea,
— These formulae consist of a combination of: recurrent acute episodes provoked by

- herbs that clear Heat and resolve Phlegm, exposure to cold, a pale tongue with a

such as Fructus Trichosanthis, Radix slippery white coating and a deep slow
Platycodi, Arisaemae cum Felle Bovis, pulse. Such patterns affect the Spleen and
Bulbus Fritillariae and Chlorite-schist Stomach primarily and the Kidneys secon
and darily.

- herbs that clear Heat, such as Radix
Scutellariae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Fructus
Gardeniae and Flos Lonicerae.
— The representative formula is Qing Qi Hua
Tan Wan (Clearing Heat-Resolving Phlegm
Decoction), in which herbs that activate Qi
circulation (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) are combined
with Poria, which drains Dampness and
invigorates the Spleen.
— Phlegm-Heat patterns tend to be compli
cated. In addition to cough with sticky
yellow sputum, they may present with other
symptoms, such as an accumulation of
pathogens in the chest. In this event the
treatment method consists of using pungent
herbs to open the chest, combined with
bitter herbs to send Rebellious Qi
downward, resolve Phlegm and disperse
masses. The representative formula is Xiao
Xian Xiong Tang (Small Sinking Chest
Decoction), in which Rhizoma Pinelliae is
combined with Hcrba Trichosanthis and
Rhizoma Coptidis.
— If Phlegm and Heat cloud the Mind they
may produce manic-depressive disorders;
if they disturb the Heart they may
produce palpitations and insomnia. The
representative formula for this pattern is
Meng Shi Gun Tan Wan (Chlorite-Schisl Pill
for Chronic Phlegm Syndromes), in which
Chlorite-schist and Nitrum are combined
with Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Radix
Scutellariae and Lignum Aquilariae
Resinatum.
3. Formulae thai warm and resolve Phlegm-
Fluid
— These fornulae consist primarily of herbs
that eliminate Phlegm and herbs that warm
— The patliogenesis is Spleen Yang Deficiency
with retention of Internal Cold and Fluid, or
retention of Cold and Fluid in the Lung; it is
sometimes also related to Kidney Yang
Deficiency. In any event, the Lungs are
always involved.
— The book Synopsis of the Golden Cabinet says,
'In the treatment of retention of Phlegm and
Fluid, warm herbs are used to mediate the
condition.' Formulae that treat Phlegm-Fluid
consist of:
- herbs that warm the Lungs and Spleen,
such as Rhizoma Zingiberis, Herba Asari,
and Ramulus Cinnamomi
- herbs that dry Dampness and resolve
Phlegm, such as Rhizoma Pinelliae and
Semen Sinapis Albae
and
- herbs that invigorate the Spleen and
resolve Dampness, such as Poria and
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae.
— The representative formulae are Ling Gui
Zlm Gau Tang (Poria-Ramulus Cinnamomi-
Atractylodes-Glycyrrhiza Decoction) and
Ling Gnu Wit Wei Jiang Xin Tang (Poria-
Glycyrrhiza-Schisandra-Zingiber-Asarum
Decoction).
— If Food Retention, or impairment of trans
portation and transformation, give rise to
poor appetite and abdominal distension,
herbs that promote digestion and invigorate
the Stomach should be added. An example is
San Zi Yung Qin Tang (Three-Seed
Nourishing Parents Decoction), which
employs Fructus Perillae and Semen Sinapis
Albae lo resolve Phlegm and soothe asthma
and Semen Raphani to promote digestion
and relieve stagnation. When Qi circulates
smoothly, Phlegm and Retained Food are
resolved and cough and asthma will disap
pear spontaneously.
 Formulae thai eliminate Phlegm 161

4. Formulae that moisten dryness and resolve Decoction), which includes Folium Mori
n and
r and Phlegm and Semen Sojae Praeparata to promote the
Lungs' function of dispersing and eliminate
;d for
— Formulae that moisten dryness and resolve
stained pathogenic Dryness; Semen Armeniacae
Phlegm consist of herbs that clear Heat and Amarum and Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii
resolve Phlegm, and herbs that nourish Yin
to stop cough and resolve Phlegm; Radix
;ed by
and moisten the Lungs. Such formulae
Adenophorae and pear peel to promote
pnoea,
moisten the Lungs, resolve Phlegm, nourish
Body Fluids and moisten dryness; and
k! by
Yin and promote Body Fluids. They are
Aith a
Fructus Gardeniae to clear Lung Heat.
indicated for patterns of Dry-Phlegm.
— If Phlegm is due to Empty Fire arising from
j slow
— Patterns of Dry-Phlegm primarily involve
Lung and Kidney Yin Deficiency, herbs that
in and the Lungs. The pathogenesis is invasion of
nourish Yin and clear Fire should be added.
secon-
the Lungs by Dryness and Heat, which cause
The representative formula is Bai He Gu Jin
Body Fluids to condense into Phlegm.
Tang (Lily Bulb Decoction to Preserve the
iciency
Symptoms include thick sticky sputum
Metal), which includes Radix Rehmanniae,
uid, or which is difficult to expectorate, and Lung
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata, Radix
ig; it is Yin Deficiency with dry throat, choking
Ophiopogonis, Bulbus Lilii, Radix
Yang
cough and hoarse voice. To treat such
gs are
Scrophulariae, Radix Paeoniae Alba and
patterns, Lung Dryness should be moist
Radix Angelicae Sinensis to nourish Yin and
ened, Phlegm should be resolved and clear Heat; and Radix Platycodi and Bulbus
•t says,
pathogenic Heat should be cleared.
Fritillariae to clear Heat and resolve Phlegm.
in and
Formulae that treat Dry-Phlegm therefore
— When the Lungs and Kidneys are nourished,
ate the
consist of: Empty Fire is reduced and Phlegm-Heat is
i-Fluid
resolved, patterns of Dry Phlegm will
- herbs that nourish Yin and moisten the
resolve spontaneously.
Lungs, such as Radix Adenophorae,
Jpleen,
Radix Ophiopogonis, Radix Asparagi
Asari,
and Bulbus Lilii 5. Formulae to expel Wind and resolve
and Phlegm
- herbs that clear Heat and resolve Phlegm,
je and — Formulae that expel Wind and resolve
such as Bulbus Fritillariae, Fructus
Phlegm consist primarily of herbs that expel
Trichosanthis, Radix Platycodi and
Phlegm and herbs that subdue Wind. They
Succus Bambusae.
n and are indicated for patterns of Wind-Phlegm.
a and — Because Phlegm follows the movement of Qi
— The representative formula is Bei Mu Gua
lae. Lou San (Fritillaria-Trichosanthes Powder), and the smooth circulation of Qi resolves
which uses Bulbus Fritillariae, Fructus Phlegm, herbs that regulate Qi must be
8 Gui
Trichosanthis, Radix Platycodi and Radix included in such formulae.
nomi-
Trichosanthis to moisten dryness and — Wind-Phlegm patterns are related not only
l) and
resolve Phlegm, and Exocarpium Citri to the Liver but also to the Spleen. If Wind-
Poria-
Grandis and Poria to regulate Qi and resolve Phlegm disturbs the clear Yang, giving rise
sarum
Phlegm. When the Lungs' function of to dizziness, vertigo and headache, further
descending is restored, dry cough and additions must be made:
trans-
rise to sputum will be relieved.
- herbs that dry Dampness and resolve
:nsion, — However, patterns of Dry Phlegm can Phlegm, such as Rhizoma Pinelliae
gorate also be caused by invasion of External Heat - herbs that invigorate the Spleen and
nple is and Dryness damaging Lung Yin, or by eliminate Dampness, such as Rhizoma
?-Seed Empty Fire due to Lung and Kidney Yin
Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Poria
which Deficiency which condenses Body Fluids
and
■inapis into Phlegm.
- herbs that subdue Wind, such as
sthma — If Phlegm is due to damage by External Heat
Rhizoma Gastrodiae.
;estion and Dryness, herbs that promote the Lungs'
dispersing function and eliminate — The representative formula is Ban Xia Bai
:ulates
pathogenic Dryness should be added. The Zhu Tian Ma Tang (Pinellia-Atractylodes-
x3 are
representative formula is Sang Xing Tang Gastrodia Decoction).
disap-
(Mulberry Leaf and Apricot Kernel — If Internal Phlegm-Heat stirs up Liver Wind
162 Part 4: Combinations and comparisons of commonly used formulae
and clouds the Mind, producing symptoms
of epilepsy, the formula must include:
- herbs (hat clear Heat and resolve Phlegm,
such as Bulbus Fritillariae, Arisaemae
cum Felle Bovis and Succus Bambusae
- herbs that subdue Wind, such as
Rhizoma Gastrodiae, Scorpio and
Bombyx Batryticatus
- herbs that clear Heat such as Rhizoma
Coptidis and Radix Ophiopogonis
and
- herbs that open the orifices and calm the
Mind, such as Rhizoma Acori Graminei,
Radix Curcumae, Radix Polygalae,
Cinnabaris and Succinum.
The representative formula is Ding Xian Wan
(Arrest Seizures Pill).
C. POINTS TO REMEMBER IN
FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS TO
EXPEL PHLEGM
1. Phlegm is the result of an accumulation of
Body Fluids. Qi is the motive force in the
circulation of Body Fluids. The formation of
Phlegm is thus often related to disorders of
Qi, and Qi must be regulated in order to treat
Phlegm patterns.
— The production of Phlegm is also related to
the Lungs, Spleen and Kidneys. Dysfunction
of the Lungs in dispersing, descending and
regulating the Waterways, dysfunction of
the Spleen in transportation and transforma
tion of Water and Dampness, and dysfunc
tion of the Kidneys in dominating water
metabolism can all lead to retarded circula
tion of Water and Dampness and Phlegm
will be produced as a consequence.
— In formulating prescriptions to eliminate
Phlegm, attention must therefore be given to
regulating Qi and to the functions of the
Lungs, Spleen and Kidneys.
2. Phlegm easily combines with Cold, Heat,
Dampness, Dryness and Wind. As a rule,
Phlegm is the Biao of the disease, while
the cause of Phlegm is the Ben. Formulae
that eliminate Phlegm often treat Biao and
Ben simultaneously, with emphasis on the
Ben.
— When the causes of Phlegm are resolved, the
Phlegm itself will resolve. Focusing on the
Phlegm itself in the treatment yields poor
results.
- However, herbs that expel Phlegm differ in
nature; they may be warm, dry, cool or
moist. It is essential to identify the nature of
the Phlegm in formulating prescriptions to
expel Phlegm.
D. A COMPARISON OF COMMONLY-USED
FORMULAE THAT ELIMINATE
PHLEGM (TABLE 35.1)
1. - Er Chen Tang
Two Old Decoction
- Bei Mu Gua Lou Tang
Fritillaria-Trichosanthes Powder
— Both formulae contain Pericarpium Citri
Reticulatae and Poria to regulate Qi, expel
Dampness and resolve Phlegm; both are
indicated for Phlegm patterns.
— Two Old Decoction is a representative
formula for patterns of Phlegm-Damp. In
addition to Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
and Poria, it features Rhizoma Pinelliae as
the Emperor herb to dry Dampness, resolve
Phlegm and conduct Rebellious Qi
downward to stop vomiting; Radix
Glycyrrhizae is included as the Messenger
herb, and to invigorate the Spleen and
harmonize the Middle Burner. The whole
formula dries Dampness, resolves Phlegm,
regulates Qi and harmonizes the Middle
Burner. It is indicated for patterns of
Phlegm-Damp with symptoms of cough
with profuse thin sputum, distension and
fullness of the chest and diaphragm, nausea,
vomiting, dizziness, palpitations and a pale
tongue with a slippery white coating.
— Fritillaria-Trichosanthes Powder is a repre
sentative formula for patterns of Dry
Phlegm. In addition to Pericarpium Citri
Reticulatae and Poria, it features Bulbus
Fritillariae as the Emperor herb. It also
contains Fructus Trichosanthis and Radix
Platycodi to clear Heat, resolve Phlegm,
moisten the Lungs and stop cough, and
Radix Trichosanthis to promote Body Fluids
and moisten dryness.
— The whole formula moistens drvness,
resolves Phlegm, regulates Qi and stops
cough. It is indicated for Phlegm
patterns due to Lung Dryness with
symptoms of a choking cough with difficult
expectoration, a dry sore throat, thirst,
dry lips and a thin, dry, white fongue
coating.
 Formulae that eliminate Phlegm 163

iffer in Table 35.1 Comparison of formulae that eliminate Phlegm

:ool or
Formula Actions Indications
iture of
ions to Two-Old Decoction Dries Damp Patterns of Phlegm-Damp
Resolves Phlegm
Regulates Qi and harmonizes the
Middle Burner

-USED
Fritillaria-Trichosanthes Moistens dryness
Powder Resolves Phlegm
Regulates Qi and stops cough Phlegm patterns due to Lung
Dryness

Poria-Glycyrrhiza-Schisandra- Warms the Lungs to resolve Patterns of Phlegm-Fluid

Zingiber-Asarum Decoction retained Fluid
Invigorates the Spleen and
drains Damp
i Citri
, expel Small Green Dragon Releases (he Exterior and Invasion of Wind-Cold complicated
Decoction disperses Cold with retention of fluid
tth are
Dries Damp and resolves Phlegm
Harmonizes Nutritive and
ntative Defensive Qi
mp. In
culatae Chlorite-Schist Pill for Chronic Clears Fire Phlegm-Heat patterns, especially
Iliae as Phlegm Patterns Expeis long-standing Phlegm affecting the Mind

resolve
Clearing Qi - Resolving Phlegm Clears Heat Internal Heat and Phlegm (cough
is Qi
Decoction Resolves Phlegm with thick yellow sputum)
Radix Regulates Lung Qi
isenger

n and
whole
hlegm,
2. - Ling Gan Wu Wei Jiang Xin Tang cated with retention of fluid. Symptoms
Middle
Poria-Glycyrxhiza-Schisandra-Zingiber include aversion to cold, fever, absence of
rns of
-Asarum Decoction sweating, cough, dyspnoea, profuse thin
cough
- Xiao Qing Long Tang sputum, a moist and slippery tongue coating
m and
Small Green Dragon Decoction and a tense superficial pulse. This formula
lausea,
also contains Herba Ephedrae and Ramulus
a pale — Both formulae use Rhizoma Zingiberis,
Cinnamomi, to Release the Exterior and
Herba Asari, Fructus Schisandrae and Radix
promote the Lungs' dispersing function;
repre- Glycyrrhizae to warm the Lungs and resolve
Rhizoma Pinelliae to dry Dampness and
f Dry retained Fluids. Both are indicated for reten
resolve Phlegm; and Radix Paeoniae Alba to
i Citri tion of Cold in the Lungs with symptoms of
nourish Blood and astringe Yin; in combina
Bulbus cough, profuse sputum and dyspnoea.
tion with Ramulus Cinnamomi it harmo
[t also — Poria-Glycyrrhiza-Schisandra-Zingiber
nizes Nutritive and Defensive Qi.
Radix -Asarum Decoction is more effective in
hlegm, warming the Lungs and resolving retained 3. - Mang Shi Gun Tan Wan
i, and Fluids; it is thus indicated for patterns of Chlorite-Schist Pill for Chronic Phlegm
Fluids Phlegm-Fluid with symptoms of cough with Patterns
occasional expectoration of thin sputum, - Qing Qi Hua Tan Wan
ryness, fullness in the chest, dyspnoea, a slippery Clearing Qi-Resolving Phlegm
stops white tongue coating and a deep slow pulse. Decoction
'hlegm Poria is used in this formula to invigorate
with the Spleen and drain Dampness. —- Both formulae contain Radix Scutellariae to
ifficult — Small Green Dragon Decoction is also clear Fire in the Upper Burner; both are
thirst, effective in Releasing the Exterior and indicated for Phlegm-Heat patterns.
:ongue dispersing Cold and is thus indicated for — Chlorite-Schist Pill for Chronic Phlegm
invasion by External Wind-Cold compli Patterns is aimed at treating Internal Heat
164 Part 4: Combinations and comparieons of commonly used formulae

and long-standing retained Phlegm. In this

formula, Chlorite-schist and Natrium are
calcined to expel long-standing Phlegm;
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei relieves substantial
stagnation and, together with Radix
Scutellariae, treats the source of Phlegm;
Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum regulates Qi
to assist in resolving Phlegm.
— The whole formula clears Fire and expels
Phlegm and is thus indicated for patterns of
Heat and Phlegm with symptoms of manic
and depressive mental disorders, palpita
tions, coma, cough with profuse thin
sputum, dyspnoea, stuffiness of the chest,
dizziness and vertigo.
— Clearing Qi-Resolving Phlegm Decoction
is a representative formula for Phlegm-Heat
patterns. This formula contains Radix
Scutellariae, Arisaemae cum Felle Bovis and
Fructus Trichosanthis to clear Heat and
resolve Phlegm; Fructus Aurantii
Immaturus and Pericarpium Citri
Reticulatae to circulate Qi in order to resolve
Phlegm; Poria to drain Dampness and invig
orate the Spleen; Semen Armeniacae
Amarum to send Qi downward and stop
cough; and Rhizoma Pinelliae to resolve
Phlegm and conduct Rebellious Qi
downward.
— The whole formula clears Heat, resolves
Phlegm, regulates Qi and stops cough. It is
indicated for Internal Heat and Phlegm with
symptoms of cough with thick sticky yellow
sputum, distress and fullness in the chest
and epigastrium, dyspnoea, nausea, deep-
yellow urine, a sticky yellow tongue coating
and a rolling rapid pulse.

Questions
1. Why are herbs that regulate Qi added to
formulae that expel Phlegm? Give an illus
trative example.
2. Compare and contrast formulae for clearing
Heat and resolving Phlegm, and formulae
for moistening Dryness and resolving
Phlegm.
 165

Formulae that expel Wind 36

— Patterns of External Wind are caused by a

A. GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR
weakness of Defensive Qi complicated with
FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS TO
invasion of pathogenic Wind. These patterns
EXPEL WIND differ from Wind patterns such as the
— In treating patterns involving Wind, it is common cold, which are the
of result
necessary at the outset to determine whether invasion of the skin and hair by pathogenic
Wind is external or internal, whether it is Wind and present with mainly exterior
complicated with Cold or Heat and whether symptoms; such patterns can be relieved by
it is due to Excess or Deficiency. herbs that Release the Exterior.
— In cases of External Wind, the treatment — In the External Wind patterns discussed
method consists of dispersing it with here, Defensive Qi is weak and pathogenic
pungent herbs; in cases of Internal Wind, Wind invades deeper layers of the body such
the treatment method consists of subduing as the head, face, muscles, channels and
it. collaterals, joints, tendons and bones, giving
— If pathogenic Wind is complicated with rise to more severe pathological conditions.
Cold, Dampness, Heat, Phlegm or Stagnant Commonly used herbs that eliminate
Blood, the treatment method must include External Wind include Rhizoma Ligustici
eliminating these additional pathogenic Chuanxiong, Rhizoma seu Radix
factors. Notopterygii, Radix Ledebouriellae, Radix
— In cases of mixed Excess and Deficiency, the Angelicae Dahuricae, Herba Schizonepetae,
method of promoting Upright Qi is Rhizoma Typhonii and Radix Gentianae
combined with the method of eliminating Macrophyllae.
pathogenic factors in order to treat both Biao — Wind tends to combine with other
and Ben. pathogenic factors. For invasion of External
— External and Internal Wind may influence Wind-Cold with symptoms of headache,
each other. External Wind may induce Chitan Xiong Cha Tiao San (Ligusticum-
Internal Wind; Internal Wind may be Green Tea Regulating Powder) is a repre
complicated with External Wind. In the sentative formula. Rhizoma Ligustici
treatment of such complicated conditions, Chuanxiong, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae
first priority is given to the predominating and Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii are
pattern, while still considering the jointly the Emperor herbs; these are
secondary pattern in the formulation of a combined with Herba Schizonepeta and
prescription. Radix Ledebouriellae to expel Wind and
relieve pain; Herba Asari to disperse Cold
and relieve pain; Herba Menthae to clear
B. TYPES OF FORMULA THAT EXPEL Heat from the head and eyes; and treated
Radix Glycyrrhizae to harmonize all the
WIND
ingredients of the formula.
1. Formulae that disperse External Wind — If External Wind is complicated with Damp-
— Formulae that disperse External Wind Heat, herbs that expel Dampness and clear
consist primarily of herbs that expel Wind, Heat should be added. An example is Xiao
relieve itching and pain and expel Feng San (Eliminate Wind Powder), in
which Herba Schizonepeta, Radix
Dampness.
166 Part 4: Combinations and comparison? of commonly used formulae
Ledebouriellae, Fructus Arctii and
Periostracum Cicadae are jointly the
Emperor herbs, to expel Wind and Release
the Exterior; these are combined with
Rhizoma Atractylodis, to expel Wind and
dry Dampness; Radix Sophorae
Flavescentis, to clear Heat and dry
Dampness; Caulis Akebiae to drain Damp-
Heat through the urine; and Rhizoma
Anemarrhenae and Gypsum Fibrosum to
clear Heat and Fire. This formula is
commonly used in the treatment of rubella
and eczema.
— Invasion of the channels and collaterals by
pathogenic Wind retards the circulation of
Qi, Blood and Body Fluids, resulting in
stagnation of Blood and the formation of
Phlegm-Damp. When this occurs it is even
more difficult to expel Wind, and herbs that
activate Blood and relieve pain must be
added. There is a saying, 'To treat Wind,
treat Blood first. Smooth circulation of Blood
extinguishes Wind.'
— The representative formula for this
pattern is Xiao Huo Luo Dan (Minor
Invigorate the Collaterals Special Pill),
which contains Resina Olibani and Resina
Myrrhae.
— If pathogenic Wind combines with Phlegm-
Damp to obstruct the channels and collat
erals, it may produce deviation of the mouth
and eye. In this event, herbs that expel Wind
and resolve Phlegm such as Rhizoma
Arisaematis and Rhizoma Typhonii should
be added. The representative formula is
Qian Zheng San (Lead to Symmetry
Powder).
2. Formulae that subdue Internal Wind
— Formulae that subdue Internal Wind consist
primarily of herbs that pacify Liver Wind;
they may also contain herbs that nourish Yin
and Blood. Such formulae subdue Wind and
stop convulsions.
— Patterns of Internal Wind are caused by
Liver Wind, which may originate from Liver
Yang Rising, extreme Heat producing Wind,
or Blood Deficiency giving rise to Wind.
Symptoms include dizziness, vertigo,
tremor, slurred speech, motor impairment,
fits, toss of consciousness, deviation of the
mouth and eye, and hemiplegia. The
methods of treatment vary according to the
cause of the condition.
inl
a. Formulae that suppress Liver Yang and subdue
CO.
Wind
co:
— These formulae are indicated for patterns of
an
Liver Yang Rising with stirring of Liver
Bu
Wind. They consist primarily of herbs that
Ca
suppress Liver Yang, such as Concha
He
Haliotidis, Os Draconis, Concha Ostreae and
Haematitum.
c. Foi
— Because Liver Yang Rising is closely associ
— Th
ated with Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency,
tio
herbs that nourish Yin are added. An
sta
example is Zhen Can Xi Feng Tang (Pacifying
Wi
the Liver and Subduing Wind Decoction),
pri
which contains Haematitum, Os Draconis
Bio
and Concha Ostreae to conduct Rebellious
Rat
Qi downward, suppress hyperactive Yang
Rat
and calm Liver Wind, and Plastrum
Col
Testudinis, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix
— To:
Scrophulariae and Radix Asparagi to
sioi
nourish Yin and Blood.
sub
— If Liver Yang Rising is complicated with
E),
pronounced Internal Heat, herbs that clear
anc
Heat and quell Fire should be added to clear
Zhu
Heat from the Liver Channel. An example is
whi
Van Ma Gou Teng Yin (Gastrodia-Uncaria
Rac
Decoction), which contains Fructus
to
Gardeniae and Radix Scutellariae.
Ost:
b, Formulae thai cool the Liver and subdue Wind hyp
— These formulae are indicated when extreme
pathogenic Heat in the Liver Channel gives CPOI
rise to Wind. They consist primarily of herbs FOI
that cool the Liver and subdue Wind, such as EXF
Cornu Antelopis, Ramulus Uncariae cum
Uncis, Folium Mori and Flos Chrysanthemi. 1.
— Wind and Fire combine to consume Body
Fluids; the tendons are deprived of Blood
and nourishment, and this is the cause of
convulsions. This condition requires the use
of herbs that nourish Yin and relax the
tendons, such as Radix Rehmanniae, Radix
Paeoniae Alba, Radix Scrophulariae and
Radix Ophiopogonis.
— Ling Jiao Gou Teng Tang (Antelope Horn and
Uncaria Decoction) is a formula commonly
used in the treatment of extreme Heat
producing Wind. In this formula, Cornu
Antelopis and Ramulus Uncariae are jointly
the Emperor herbs; they are combined with
Folium Mori and Flos Chrysanthemi, to cool
the Liver, subdue Wind, clear Heat and stop
convulsions; and Radix Rehmanniae and
Radix Paeoniae Alba to nourish Yin,
promote Body Fluids and relax the tendons.
— Excess Heat tends to condense Body Fluids
 Formulae that expel Wind 167

into Phlegm; Wind and Phlegm may then
combine and move upward to worsen the
condition. In this case, herbs that clear Heat
and resolve Phlegm are added,
Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae and
Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam, as in Antelope
Horn and Uncaria Decoction.
c. Formulae that nourish Yin and subdue Wind
— These formulae are indicated for consump
tion of Yin, Blood and Body Fluids in the late
stage of febrile disease, with stirring of Liver
Wind of the Deficient type. They consist
primarily of herbs that nourish Yin and
Blood and promote Body Fluids, such as
Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Paeoniae Alba,
Radix Ophiopogonis, Plastrum Testudinis,
Colla Corii Asini and egg yolk.
— To strengthen their effect in stopping convul
sion, herbs that suppress the Liver and
subdue Wind are added. Examples include
E Jiao ji Zi Huang Tang (Ass-Hide Gelatin
and Egg Yolk Decoction) and Da Ding Feng
Zhu (Major Arrest Wind Pearl), both of
which contain Colla Corii Asini, egg yolk,
Radix Rehmanniae and Radix Paeoniae Alba
to nourish Yin and Blood, and
Ostreae and Concha Haliotidis to suppress
hyperactive Yang.
C. POINTS TO REMEMBER IN
FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS THAT
EXPEL WIND
1. Wind patterns tend to be complicated and to
change quickly. It is essential to determine
whether the Wind is external or internal,
whether it is complicated with Cold, Heat,
Dampness, Phlegm or Stagnant Blood and
whether it is of the Deficiency or Excess
type. Herbs must be selected according to
the nature of the pattern.
2. In the treatment of External Wind, the treat
such as ment method consists of dispersing. In the
(fresh) treatment of Internal Wind, the treatment
method consists of pacifying, and pungent
dispersing herbs should be avoided.
Pungent herbs that disperse Wind are
usually warm and dry in nature and can
consume Body Fluids and produce Fire.
They should be used with caution where
there is deficiency of Body Fluids, or Yin
Deficiency with Empty Heat or hyperactive
Yang.
D. A COMPARISON OF COMMONLY USED
FORMULAE THAT EXPEL WIND
(TABLE 36.1)
1. - Ling jiao Gou Teng Tang
Antelope Horn and Uncaria Decoction
- Zhen Gan Xi Feng Tang
Pacifying the Liver and Subduing Wind
Decoction
- Da Ding Feng Zhu
Concha Major Arrest Wind Pearl
— All three formulae pacify Internal Wind.
— Antelope Horn and Uncaria Decoction is
more effective in clearing Heat, cooling the
Liver and stopping convulsion. It features
Cornu Antelopis and Ramulus Uncariae
cum Uncis as the Emperor herbs, to clear
Heat, cool the Liver, pacify Wind and
stop convulsions. These are combined
with Folium Mori and Flos Chrysanthemi
to assist in clearing Heat and pacifying
Wind.
— This formula is indicated for Wind due to
excess Heat in the Liver channel, with

Table 36.1 Comparison of formulae that subdue Liver Wind

Formula Actions Indications

Antelope Horn and Uncaria Clears Heat Liver Wind due to extreme Heat
Decoction Cools the Liver
Stops convulsion

Pacifying the Liver and Subduing Suppresses hyperactive Yang Wind-Stroke due to Liver Yang
Wind Decoction Conducts Qi and Blood Rising with Liver Wind
downward
Pacifies Wind

Major Arrest Wind Pearl Nourishes Yin and Blood Deficiency-type Liver Wind due to
Suppresses hyperactive Yang consumption of Yin
Pacifies Wind
168
Part 4: Combinations and comparisons of commonly used formulae

symptoms of high fever, irritability, restless

ness and convulsions.
— Pacifying the Liver and Subduing Wind
Decoction combines Radix Achyranthis
Bidentatae, which conducts Blood
downward and tonifies the Liver and
Kidneys, with Haematitum, Os Draconis
and Concha Ostreae, which suppress Liver
Yang and pacify Liver Wind. This formula is
thus more effective in suppressing hyperac
tive Yang, conducting Rebellious Qi
downward and pacifying Wind and is
indicated for Wind-Stroke due to Liver Yang
Rising with Liver Wind.
— Major Arrest Wind Pearl has as its main
ingredients herbs that nourish Yin and
Blood, in combination with herbs that
suppress Liver Yang. It includes (among
other ingredients) Colla Corii Asini, egg
yolk, Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Paeoniae
Alba, Radix Ophiopogonis, Plastrum
Testudinis and Carapax Trionycis. This
formula is thus more effective in nourishing
Yin, suppressing hyperactive Yang and
pacifying Wind of the deficiency type. It is
indicated for stirring of Wind in the late
stage of febrile disease due to extreme
consumption of Yin.

Questions
1. Why do formulae that pacify Internal Wind
contain herbs that nourish Yin?
2. What is the difference between formulae that
cool the Liver and pacify Wind and formulae
that nourish Yin and pacify Wind? Give
illustrative examples.
 169

Formulae that calm the Mind 37

— If Empty Fire in the Heart and Liver

A. GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR
consumes Yin and Blood, herbs that clear
FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS TO
Heat are combined with herbs that nourish
CALM THE MIND
Yin and Blood, such as Radix Angelicae
— Formulae that calm the Mind are indicated Sinensis, Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata and
for restlessness, which may be caused by Radix Ophiopogonis. An example is the use
fear, shock, emotional stress, pensiveness or of Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Radix
deficiency of Qi and Blood. The Heart, Liver Rehmanniae Praeparata in Cinnabar Pill to
and Kidneys are affected, producing Calm the Spirit.
symptoms of palpitations, insomnia, dream- — Empty Fire in the Heart and Liver may
disturbed sleep, anxiety and irritability. condense Body Fluids and produce Phlegm-
— Restlessness may be due to patterns of Fire which moves upward to cause manic
Excess or Deficiency. The Excess type is and depressive mental disorders. In this
treated by the method of soothing the Heart case, herbs that clear Heat and resolve
and calming the Mind. The Deficiency type Phlegm are added, such as Arisaemae cum
is treated by the method of nourishing the Felle Bovis, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae
Heart and calming the Mind. In complicated and bamboo fungus. The representative
cases of both Excess and Deficiency formula is Sheng Tie Luo Yin (Iron Filings
involving Heat and Phlegm, the treatment Decoction).
method consists of nourishing and soothing
the Heart as the primary action and clearing 2. Formulae that nourish the Heart and calm
Heat and resolving Phlegm as a secondary the Mind
action. Both Biao and Ben must be treated.
— These formulae consist primarily of herbs
that nourish the Heart and calm the Mind.
B. TYPES OF FORMULA THAT CALM THE They are indicated for restlessness due to
MIND deficiency of Yin, Blood and Heart Qi. The
Heart dominates Blood and the Liver
1. Formulae that soothe the Heart and calm
stores it, and deficiency of Yin and Blood
the Mind deprive the Heart and Liver of nourishment.
— These formulae consist of herbs that soothe This is the most common cause of restless
the Heart and calm the Mind. They are ness.

indicated for restlessness of the Excess type — For this pattern, herbs that nourish Yin
caused by fear, shock or other emotional and Blood are 'used. An example is Tian
factors. Wang Bu Xin Dan (Heavenly Emperor
— If there is Empty Fire in the Heart or Liver, Tonifying the Heart Pill), which combines
with signs of hyperactive Yang, herbs that herbs that nourish the Heart and calm
clear Heat and quell Fire are added, such as the Mind, such as Semen Ziziphi
Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Rehmanniae and Spinosae, Semen Biotae, Poria, Radix
Cornu Antelopis. The representative Polygalae and Fructus Schisandrae, with
formula for clearing Heat and calming the herbs that nourish Yin and Blood, such as
Mind is Zhu Sha An Shen Wan (Cinnabar Pill Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix
to Calm the Spirit), which contains Rehmanniae, Radix Asparagi and Radix
Cinnabaris and Rhizoma Coptidis. Ophiopogonis.
Part 4: Combinations and comparisons of commonly used formulae

— Yin and Blood Deficiency tends to produce D. A COMPARISON OF COMMONLY USED

Empty Heat, and some herbs that clear FORMULAE THAT CALM THE MIND
Heat should therefore be included in (TABLE 37.1)
such prescriptions. Examples include the — Bo
use of Radix Scrophulariae in Heavenly 1. - Zhu Sha An Shen Wan
Mi
Emperor Tonifying the Heart Pill, and Cinnabar Pill to Calm the Spirit
— So
the use of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae in - CiZhu Wan
no

Suan Zao Ren Tang (Sour Jujube Magnetite and Cinnabar Pill
Li-*
Decoction). Lii
— In both formulae, Cinnabaris is used to
db
soothe the Heart and calm the Mind.
am
— In Cinnabar Pill to Calm the Spirit,
C POINTS TO REMEMBER IN — He
Cinnabaris is combined with Rhizoma
FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS THAT is i
Coptidis, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix
CALM THE MIND Kit
Rehmanniae and treated Radix
Yir
1. Formulae that soothe the Heart and calm the Glycyrrhizae. This formula clears Heart
pa]
Mind contain substances that are heavy and Heat, nourishes Yin and Blood and calms the
drt
descending in their action and difficult to Mind. It is indicated for Heart Fire
ulc
digest. They can only be administered for a consuming Yin and Blood, with symptoms
atl
short time. of restlessness, palpitations, insomnia,
— Some of these substances are also toxic, and dream-disturbed sleep, a sensation of heat in
should be administered with caution, the chest, a red tongue with yellow coating
especially to patients with abnormal liver and a thready and rapid pulse.
and kidney function. For example, a large — In Magnetite and Cinnabar Pill, Cinnabaris
Qut
dosage of Cinnabaris may cause mercury is combined with Magnetitum and Massa 1. Bot
poisoning. Fermentata Medicinalis. This formula Ma
— These substances are also hard, and it is thus harmonizes the Heart and Kidneys, tha
more difficult to extract their active ingredi improves vision and calms the Mind. It is Wr,
ents. They should be broken into pieces and indicated for disharmony between the Heart Gl>
cooked for some time before adding other and Kidneys with symptoms of palpitations, Me
ingredients of the formula. insomnia, blurred vision, tinnitus and 2. Wh
2. Restlessness is often linked to emotional deafness. cah
problems and herbal treatment should be Yin
combined with psychotherapy to achieve 2. - Suan Zao Ren Tang Giv
better therapeutic results. Sour Jujube Decoction

Table 37.1 Comparison of formulae that calm the Mind

Formula . Actions Indications

Cinnabar Pill to Calm Clears Heart Heat Heart Fire consuming Yin and Blood
the Spirit Nourishes Yin and Blood
Calms the Mind

Magnetite and Harmonizes the Heart and Disharmony between the Heart and
Cinnabar Pill Kidney Kidneys
Improves vision
Calms the Mind

Sour Jujube Decoction Nourishes Liver Blood Liver Blood Deficiency and
Clears Heat hyperactive Liver Yang
Calms the Mind

Heavenly Emperor Nourishes the Heart and Yin and Blood Deficiency
Tonifying the Heart Pill Kidneys
Tonifies Yin and Blood
Clears Heat
Calms the Mind
 Formulae that calm the Mind 171

- Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan

Heavenly Emperor Tonifying the Heart
Pill

Both formulae nourish the Heart, calm the

Mind and clear Heat.
Sour Jujube Decoction is more effective in
nourishing Liver Blood. It is indicated for
Liver Blood Deficiency and hyperactive
Liver Yang with symptoms of insomnia,
dizziness, vertigo, blurred vision, dry mouth
and throat and a thready and wiry pulse.
Heavenly Emperor Tonifying the Heart Pill
is more effective in nourishing the Heart and
Kidneys and tonifying Yin. It is indicated for
Yin and Blood Deficiency with symptoms of
palpitations, insomnia, poor memory,
dream-disturbed sleep, dry stool, mouth
ulcers, a red tongue with scanty coating and
a thready and rapid pulse.

Questions
1. Both Cinnabar Pill to Calm the Spirit and
Magnetite and Cinnabar Pill are formulae
that soothe the Heart and calm the Mind.
Why do both contain treated Radix
Glycyrrhizae and Massa Fermentata
Medicinalis?
2. Why do formulae that nourish the Heart and
calm the Mind contain herbs that nourish
Yin and Blood, and herbs that clear Heat?
Give illustrative examples.
172

38 Formulae that reduce Food

Stagnation and dissipate masses

A. GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR Magnoliae Officinalis and Fructus Aurantii

Imma turns.
FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS THAT
REDUCE FOOD STAGNATION AND
— A representative formula is Bao He Wan
DISSIPATE MASSES
(Preserving and Harmonizing Pill), which
contains Fructus Crataegi, Massa
— These formulae are indicated for Retention Fermentata Medicinalis and Semen Raphani
of Food and palpable abdominal masses. to promote digestion and resolve stagnation,
These conditions may be complicated with and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae to activate
Phlegm, Dampness, parasites, Qi Stagnation Qi circulation.
or Blood Stagnation, and other methods of — Long-term stagnation may turn to Heat,
treatment may be required in addition to the producing symptoms of deep-yellow urine,
formulae given here. constipation and a red tongue with a thick
— For cases of deficiency of Upright Qi due to a sticky yellow coating. In this case, herbs that
constitutional Spleen and Stomach clear Damp-Heat should be used, such as
Deficiency, or in cases of long-term Radix Scutellariae, Rhizoma Coptidis,
stagnation, herbs that invigorate the Spleen Fructus Forsythiae, Rhizoma Pinelliae and
should be added to the formula in order to Poria. Examples include the use of Fructus
resolve stagnation without further Forsythiae, Rhizoma Pinelliae and Poria in
damaging the Upright Qi. For cases of severe Bao He Wan (Preserving and Harmonizing
stagnation, purgatives may be required as Pill), and the use of Radix Scutellariae,
well in order to remove substantial Rhizoma Coptidis, Poria and Rhizoma
pathogens. Alismatis in Zhi Shi Dao Zhi Wan (Citrus -Pal
dis
aurantius Eliminating Stagnation Pill).
enl
— Improper diet and overeating tend to
B. TYPES OF FORMULAE THAT REDUCE tun
damage the Spleen and Stomach. Old
FOOD STAGNATION AND DISSIPATE the
people, or those with constitutional
MASSES Dai
deficiency of the Spleen and Stomach, easily
Tht
develop Food Stagnation with symptoms of
1. Formulae that reduce Food Stagnation and her
reduced appetite, poor digestion, distension
promote digestion
Dai
and fullness in the epigastrium and
— These formulae consist primarily of herbs abdomen, lassitude, sallow complexion, Fol;
that promote digestion; they are indicated LeF
loose stools and a weak deficient pulse. In
for patterns of Food Stagnation. The Spleen - In t
treating such cases of complicated
and Stomach form a pivot regulating the thai
Deficiency and Excess, herbs that tonify Qi
ascent and descent of Qi. Retention of food and invigorate the Spleen should be added, ofte
in the Middle Burner obstructs the circula For
such as Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae,
tion of Qi, causing distension, fullness and Blot
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae,
pain in the epigastrium and abdomen. Herbs Blo(
Rhizoma Discoreae and Radix Glycyrrhizae.
that activate Qi and resolve Stagnation are Gin
It is necessary to determine the relative
therefore added to formulae in order to Mac
severity of the Food Stagnation and the
assist in promoting digestion; such herbs Rad
Spleen Deficiency and to adjust the treat
include Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Radix ment accordingly. and
Aucklandiae, Fructus Amomi, Cortex (Im]
— Da An Wan (Great Tranquillity Pill) consists
Foe;
 Formulae that reduce Food Stagnation and dissipate masses 173

of Preserving and Harmonizing Pill with formula for distress in the chest; Bie Jia Jian
the addition of Rhizoma Atractylodis Wan (Decocted Turtle Shell Pill) is a
Macrocephalae and is thus more effective in commonly used formula for palpable
promoting digestion. Jian Pi Wan masses in the hypochondrium.
(Strengthen the Spleen Pill) combines Qi
tonics such as Radix Ginseng, Rhizoma
Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Rhizoma C. POINTS TO REMEMBER IN
Dioscoreae and Radix Glycyrrhizae with FORMULATING PRESCRIPTIONS TO
digestives such as Fructus Crataegi, Massa REDUCE FOOD STAGNATION AND
Fermentata Medicinalis and Fructus Hordei DISSIPATE MASSES

Germinatus; it also contains Semen 1. Food Stagnation and palpable masses

Myristicae. This formula promotes digestion
should be treated gradually in order to
and invigorates the Spleen, with greater
achieve good therapeutic results. It is not
emphasis on tonification. advisable to prescribe large doses of herbs;
formulae are often administered in the form
2. Formulae that dissipate masses and resolve of pills, which have a gradual but consistent
stagnation action.
— For Excess patterns of severe stagnation,
— Formulae that dissipate masses and resolve powerful purgatives are required, and
stagnation consist of: formulae that reduce Food Stagnation

- herbs that soften hardness and disperse and dissipate masses are inappropriate as
masses, such as Carapax Trionycis they would delay a resolution of the condi
- herbs that break Blood Stasis, such as tion.

Semen Persicae, Eupolyphaga seu 2. Food Stagnation, and especially palpable

Steleophaga, Rhizoma Sparganii and masses, have a complicated pathogenesis

Rhizoma Zedoariae which may involve Qi Stagnation, Blood

and Stagnation, Phlegm-Damp, Cold, Heat and

- herbs that activate Qi circulation, such as combinations of Deficiency and Excess. The
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Cortex various treatment methods of activating Qi

Magnoliae Officinalis, Pericarpium Citri and Blood, resolving Phlegm, eliminating

Reticulatae Viride and Rhizoma Cyperi. Dampness, dispersing Cold, clearing Heat
and tonifying are often used in combina
— Palpable abdominal masses can present with tion.
distension or pain. Examples include
enlargement of the liver and spleen, and
tumours. These conditions are the result of D. A COMPARISON OF COMMONLY USED
the combination of Cold, Heat, Phlegm or FORMULAE THAT REDUCE FOOD
Dampness with Stagnant Qi and Blood. STAGNATION AND DISSIPATE
They therefore often require the addition of MASSES (TABLE 38.1)
herbs that resolve Phlegm and eliminate
1. - BaoHeWan
Dampness, such as Rhizoma Pinelliae, Poria,
Preserving and Harmonizing Pill ..I
Folium Pyrrosiae, Herba Dianthi and Semen
- Zhi Shi Dao Zhi Wan
Lepidii seu Descurainiae.
Citrus aurantius Eliminating Stagnation
— In cases of combined Cold and Heat, herbs
Pill
that warm the Interior and disperse Cold are
often combined with herbs that clear Heat. — Both formulae promote digestion, harmo
For chronic cases with deficiency of Qi and nize the Stomach, clear Heat and eliminate
Blood, herbs that tonify Qi and nourish Dampness. They are indicated for Food
Blood should be added, such as Radix Stagnation with symptoms of distension,
Ginseng, Rhizoma Atractylodis fullness and pain in the epigastrium
Macrocephalae, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, and abdomen, foul belching, acid regurgita-
Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Rehmanniae tion and a thick, sticky, yellow tongue
and Colla Corn Asini. Zhi Shi Xiao Pi Wan coating.
(Immature Bitter Orange Pill to Reduce — Preserving and Harmonizing Pill is more
Focal Distension) is a representative effective in promoting digestion and is
174 Part 4: Combinations and comparisons of commonli/ used formulae

Table 38.1 Comparison of formulas that reduce Food Stagnation and dissipate masses

Formula Actions Indications

Preserving and Harmonizing Promotes digestion Food Stagnation with stagnation of Qi

Pill Harmonizes the Stomach and mild Damp-Heat
(Clears Damp-Heat)

Citrus Aurantius Eliminating Clears Damp-Heat Combined Damp-Heat and retained

Stagnation Pill Harmonizes the Stomach food
(Promotes digestion)

Strengthen the Spleen Pill Invigorates the Spleen and Spleen and Stomach Deficiency with
tonifies Qi impaired digestion and pronounced
Promotes digestion signs of Damp-Heat and Qi
Activates Qi Stagnation A. GU
Clears Damp-Heat
FO1
FOJ

— Ast
indicated for Food Stagnation with patl
symptoms of Qi Stagnation and mild Damp-
Questions Bio.
Heat. 1. Why do formulae that reduce Food syrr

— Citrus aurantius Eliminating Stagnation Stagnation and promote digestion contain swe

Pill is more effective in clearing Damp-Heat. herbs that activate Qi and resolve nen

It is indicated for patterns of combined Dampness? utei

Damp-Heat and retained food with 2. What is the difference between Preserving — The
symptoms of distension, abdominal fullness and Harmonizing Pill and Strengthen the con"

and pain, and diarrhoea. Spleen Pill? cau:

botl
2. - BaoHeWan
— If e
Preserving and Harmonizing Pill
the)
- Jian Pi Wan
exte
Strengthen the Spleen Pill
met
— Both formulae contain Fructus Crataegi, Exte
Massa Fermentata Medicinalis, Pericarpium witr
Citri Reticulatae and Poria. Both promote — In t
digestion and harmonize the Stomach and Coll
are indicated for Food Stagnation with will
symptoms of distension and fullness in the proi

epigastrium and abdomen and a thick,

sticky tongue coating.
— The difference between the two formulae
B. TYF
lies in the fact that Preserving and
Harmonizing Pill is indicated for the initial 1. Forr
stage of Food Stagnation, with only mild stop
symptoms of Spleen and Stomach
— The;
Deficiency, Damp-Heat and Qi Stagnation. It
gent
does not contain herbs that invigorate the
indi<
Spleen and tonify Qi.
nigh
— Strengthen the Spleen Pill is indicated for
— Spor
Spleen and Stomach Deficiency with
Defi.
impaired digestion and more pronounced
the
signs of Damp-Heat and Qi Stagnation. Its
Sym
primary action is to invigorate the Spleen
palk
and tonify Qi and secondarily to promote
swol
digestion, activate Qi, resolve Dampness
The
and clear Heat. i
sour,
 175

Astringent formulae 39

and which tonify Qi, consolidate the Exterior

A. GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR THE
and stop sweating. Examples include
FORMULATION OF ASTRINGENT
calcined Concha Ostreae, Radix Ephedrae,
FORMULAE
Fructus Tritici Levis, Fructus Corni, Fructus
— Astringent formulae are indicated for Schisandrae, Radix Astragali seu Hedysari
patterns of consumption and loss of Qi, and Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae.
Blood, Essence and Body Fluids with The representative formula is Mm Li San
symptoms of spontaneous sweating, night (Oyster Shell Powder), in which Concha
sweats, spermatorrhoea, urinary inconti Ostreae is the Emperor, to astringe and stop
nence, chronic diarrhoea and dysentery, sweating, assisted by Radix Ephedrae,
uterine bleeding and leucorrhoea. Fructus Tritici Levis and Radix Astragali seu
— Their main ingredients are astringent herbs, Hedysari.
combined with other herbs according to the - Another such formula is Yu Ping Feng San
causes and severity of the condition, so that (Jade Wind-Screen Powder), in which a
both Biao and Ben are treated. large dose of Radix Astragali seu Hedysari is
— If external pathogenic factors are involved, used as the Emperor herb to tonify Qi and
they should be eliminated first. If the consolidate the Exterior, assisted by
external pathogens are mild, the treatment Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae to
methods of astringing and Releasing the strengthen the effect of tonification. When
Exterior are combined in order to astringe the body surface is deficient, pathogenic
without retaining the pathogens. Wind can invade easily, and a small dose of
■ i
— In the treatment of extreme Deficiency or Radix Ledebouriellae is therefore added to
Collapse, the use of astringent herbs alone expel Wind. This combination of Radix
will not be effective; it is necessary to act Astragali seu Hedysari and Radix
promptly to tonify the Upright Qi strongly. Ledebouriellae consolidates the Exterior
without retaining pathogens and eliminates
pathogens without damaging the Upright
Qi.
B. TYPES OF ASTRINGENT FORMULA
Sweat and Blood have the same origin, and
1. Formulae that consolidate the Exterior and prolonged sweating will inevitably damage
stop sweating Blood. In the same way, Qi Deficiency can
develop into Yang Deficiency. Herbs should
— These formulae consist primarily of astrin
therefore be added to formulae according to
gent herbs that stop sweating. They are
the actual pathological condition.
indicated for spontaneous sweating and
Night sweating results from Yin Deficiency
night sweats.
with Empty Heat. It is often accompanied by
— Spontaneous sweating is due to Qi
restlessness, five-palm Heat, a red tongue
Deficiency, and particularly a weakness of
with scanty coating and a thready, rapid
the Defensive Qi and the body surface.
pulse. Prescriptions should include:
Symptoms include spontaneous sweating,
pallor, palpitations, dyspnoea, a pale and - herbs that astringe and stop sweating,
swollen tongue and a weak, deficient pulse. such as Fructus Corni, Fructus Tritici,
The main herbs used are those which are Concha Ostreae, and Radix Oryzae
sour, astringent, warm and mild in nature Glutinosae
176 Part 4: Combinations ami comparisons of commonly used formulae

- herbs that nourish Yin and Blood, such as to Nourish the Organs), which consists of Th.
Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Rehmanniae Pericarpium Papaveris, Semen Myristicae ble
Praeparata, Radix Angeticae Sinensis, and Fructus Chebulae to astringe the dis
and Radix Paeoniae Alba intestines and stop diarrhoea; Radix — Lei
and Ginseng, Rhizoma Atractylodis Lh
- herbs that clear Heat and quell Fire, such Macrocephalae and Radix Glycyrrhizae to tht
as Radix Scutellariae, Rhizoma Coptidis tonify Qi and invigorate the Spleen; Radix vat

and Cortex Phellodendri. Angelicae Sinensis and Radix Paeoniae Alba mo

to nourish Blood and harmonize the Per

— The representative formula is Dang Gui Liu
Nutritive Qi; Cortex Cinnamomi to warm Up
Huang Tang (Dang Gui and Six-Yellow
the Interior and dispel Cold; and Radix syr
Decoction).
Aucklandiae to activate Qi circulation and dys
resolve stagnation. ap,
2. Formulae that astringe the intestines and
— This formula is effective in treating chronic — For
stop diarrhoea
diarrhoea and faecal incontinence. asti
— These formulae consist primarily of herbs as !
that astringe and stop diarrhoea. They are 3. Formulae that astringe the Essence and Nel
indicated for chronic diarrhoea and faecal stop enuresis Sep
incontinence due to Spleen and Stomach — For
— These formulae consist primarily of herbs
Deficiency with stagnation of Cold. Possible Qi,
that astringe and consolidate the Essence to
signs and symptoms include lassitude, Atr
stop enuresis. They are indicated for
abdominal pain which is alleviated by Dio
spermatorrhoea and urinary incontinence
pressure, reduced appetite, a pale tongue dry
due to Kidney Deficiency with impairment
with white coating and a deep, slow pulse. sue
of the Kidney functions of storing Essence
— In formulating prescriptions, herbs that dra
and controlling urine. Accompanying signs
astringe the intestines are combined with: Plai
and symptoms include soreness of the
repj
- herbs that tonify Qi, such as Radix lumbar region, lassitude, poor memory,
Dis
Ginseng, Radix Astragali seu Hedysari dizziness, tinnitus, a pale tongue with white
— For
and Rhizoma Atractylodis Macro- coating and a thready, weak pulse.
as
cephalae — Formulae consist primarily of astringent
CoF
and herbs that tonify the Kidneys and consoli
Hua
- herbs that warm the Interior and dispel date the Essence, such as Semen Astragali
Dec
Cold, such as Radix Aconiti Praeparata, Complanati, Semen Euryales, Fructus Corni,
— Utei
Rhizoma Zingiberis, Fructus Evodiae and Fructus Rubi, Ootheca Mantidis, Fructus
Ren
Cortex Cinnamomi. Alpiniae Oxyphyllae and Rhizoma
chrc
Dioscoreae.
— An example is Si Shen Wan (Four-Miracle disc
— Examples of such formulae include Jin Suo
Pill) in which Fructus Psoraleae and Semen tion
Gu Jing Wan (Metal Lock Pill to Stabilize
Myristicae are combined with Fructus or v\
the Essence) and Shui Lu Er Xian Dan (Water
Schisandrae and Fructus Evodiae to warm — It is
and Earth Immortals Special Pill).
and tonify the Spleen and Kidneys, astringe that
— Because prolonged Kidney Deficiency leads
the intestines and stop diarrhoea. Sepi
to Qi and Blood Deficiency, herbs that tonify
— Because chronic diarrhoea can lead to Qi and Biot
Qi and nourish Yin and Blood are often
Blood Deficiency, one should also add herbs char
included in the treatment. An example is
that nourish Blood and harmonize the Hall
Sang Piao Xiao San (Mantis Egg-Case
Nutritive Qi, such as Radix Angelicae — For
Powder), in which Radix Ginseng tonifies
Sinensis, Radix Paeoniae Alba and Colla the(
Qi, Radix Angelicae Sinensis nourishes
Corii Asini. In addition, Spleen and Kidney tonit
Blood and Plastrum Testudinis invigorates
Deficiency with stagnation of Cold can lead Hed
Yin.
to obstruction of Qi in the intestinal tract, Atra
which must be treated with herbs that Bloo
4. Formulae that stop uterine bleeding and
regulate Qi, such as Radix Aucklandiae, ChoK
leucorrhoea
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae and Fructus — In a
Amomi. The representative formula is Zhen — These formulae consist primarily of astrin Choi
Ren Yang Zang Tang (True Man's Decoction gent herbs that stop bleeding or leucorrhoea. and

They are indicated for persistent uterine
bleeding and for persistent vaginal
discharge due to Deficiency.
— Leucorrhoea stems from deficiency of the
Liver, Spleen and Kidneys, impairment of
the function of the Dai channel in controlling
vaginal discharge, and downward
movement of pathogenic Dampness.
Persistent leucorrhoea indicates a decline of
Upright Qi. Accompanying signs and
symptoms commonly include palpitations
dyspnoea, pallor, lumbar soreness, lassitude,
a pale tongue and a thready pulse.
— Formulae that stop leucorrhoea are based on
astringent herbs that stop leucorrhoea such
as Semen Euryales, Semen Ginkgo, Stamen
Nelumbinis, calcined Os Sepiellae seu
Sepiae and calcined Concha Ostreae.
— For Spleen Deficiency, add herbs that tonify
Qi, such as Radix Ginseng, Rhizoma
Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Rhizoma
Dioscoreae. For Dampness, add herbs that
dry Dampness and invigorate the Spleen
such as Rhizoma Atractylodis, or herbs that
drain Dampness such as Poria, Semen
Plantaginis and Rhizoma Alismatis. The
representative formula is Wan Dai Tang (End
Discharge Decoction).
— For Heat, add herbs that clear Heat such
as Cortex Phellodendri and Rhizoma
Coptidis. The representative formula is Yi
Huang Tang (Change Yellow [Discharge]
Decoction).
— Uterine bleeding is linked to the Chong and
Ren channels. It may be acute and severe, or
chronic and mild with a thin pinkish
discharge, accompanied by pallor, palpita
tions, dyspnoea, a pale tongue and a thready
or weak pulse, or a large, deficient pulse.
— It is treated primarily with astringent herbs
that stop bleeding, such as Os Sepiellae seu
Sepiae, Cortex Ailanthi, charred Cacumen
Biotae, Herba Agrimoniae, Colla Corii Asini,
charred Folium Artemisiae Argyi and
Halloysitum Rubrum.
— For Spleen Qi Deficiency and weakness of
the Chong and Ren channels, add herbs that
tonify Qi such as Radix Astragali seu
Hedysari, Radix Ginseng and Rhizoma
Atractylodis Macrocephalae to control
Blood. The representative formula is Gu
Chong Tang (Stabilize Gushing Decoction).
— In cases of long-term uterine bleeding, the
Chong and Ren channels become deficient,
and Qi and Blood are greatly damaged. For
Astringent formulae Y77
\A\
this condition, herbs that nourish Yin and
Blood should be added to stop bleeding. An
example is Jiao Ai Tang (Ass-Hide Gelatin
and Mugwort Decoction).
If uterine bleeding is accompanied by Heat
signs, herbs that clear Heat should be added,
such as Radix Scutellariae and Cortex
Phellodendri in Gu }ing Wan (Stabilize the
Menses Pill).
C. POINTS TO REMEMBER IN
FORMULATING ASTRINGENT
PRESCRIPTIONS
1. It is essential to determine the cause and
location of the disease before formulating a
prescription. In most cases, deficiency of
Upright Qi is the underlying cause.
— Astringing treats only the Biao, and herbs
must be added to formulae according to the
degree of consumption of Qi, Blood, Yin,
Yang, Essence and Body Fluids.
2. Astringent formulae are indicated for
deficiency of Upright Qi giving rise to an
excessive loss of Blood, Essence and Body
Fluids. Many of the same signs and
symptoms may be caused by external
pathogenic factors, e.g. profuse sweating in
febrile disease, cough due to retention of
Phlegm-Fluid, spermatorrhoea due to
Empty Fire, diarrhoea due to overeating and
uterine bleeding due to Heat in the Blood.
These formulae are not appropriate in such
cases.
— The Complete Collection of Jin Yue's Treatises
says, The method of astringing is adopted
for deficiency conditions. If this method is
used in an excess condition, you close the
door to keep the devils in.'
— If external pathogenic factors are present,
astringents are not used until they have been
cleared.
D. A COMPARISON OF COMMONLY USED
ASTRINGENT FORMULAE (TABLE 39.1)
1. - Yu Ping Feng San
Jade Wind-Screen Powder
- Mu Li San
Oyster Shell Powder
- Dang Gui Liu Huang Tang
Dang Gui and Six-Yellow Decoction
— All three formulae consolidate the Exterior
178 Part 4: Combinations and comparisons of commonly used formulae

Table 39.1 Comparison of Astringent formulae

Formula Actions Indications

Jade Wind-Screen Powder Tonifies Qi Deficiency of Defensive Qi

Consolidates the Exterior
Expels Wind

Oyster Shell Powder Stops sweating Deficiency of Defensive Qi complicated

Tonifies Qi with hyperactive Heart Yang
Suppresses hyperactive Yang

Dang Gui and Six-Yellow Nourishes Yin Nights sweats due to Yin Deficiency
Decoction Quells Fire
Stops sweating

and stop sweating and are indicated for

spontaneous sweating or night sweats.
— Jade Wind-Screen Powder and Oyster Shell
Powder are indicated for spontaneous
sweating.
— Jade Wind-Screen Powder primarily
tonifies Qi, consolidates the Exterior and
stops sweating and secondarily expels Wind.
It is thus indicated for exterior patterns of
the Deficiency type due to deficiency of
Defensive Qi, characterized by spontaneous
sweating, aversion to wind, pale
complexion, lassitude, a pale tongue, a slow
pulse and susceptibility to the common cold.
— Oyster Shell Powder primarily stops
sweating and secondarily tonifies Qi, consol
idates the Exterior and suppresses hyperac
tive Yang. It is also indicated for exterior
patterns of the Deficiency type due to
deficiency of Defensive Qi, but complicated
with hyperactive Heart Yang, characterized
by spontaneous sweating that is more severe
at night, palpitations, dyspnoea and a
thready, weak pulse.
— The first formula focuses on treating the Ben,
while the second primarily treats the Biao.
— Dang Gui and Six-Yellow Decoction
nourishes Yin, quells Fire and stops
sweating. It is thus indicated for night
sweats due to Yin Deficiency with Empty
Fire, characterized by restlessness, five-palm
Heat, flushed face, afternoon fever, deep-
yellow urine, a red tongue and a rapid pulse.
 Part 5:
The treatment of
common diseases based
on differentiation of
syndromes

This section describes the treatment of

some common diseases which respond
well to traditional herbal medicine. The
diseases are categorized for ease of
reference, some under their Chinese
names and some under their Western
names, according to common usage.
 181

Diseases in internal medicine 4Q

jr
A. Seasonal and respiratory Radix Ledebourieliae lOg
i

diseases Folium Perillae

6g
Radix Angelicae Dahuricae lOg
Semen Sojae Praeparata lOg
1. THE COMMON COLD Radix Peucedani lOg
Radix Platycodi
GENERAL DESCRIPTION 6g
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens
— The common cold is caused by invasion of 2 slices

external pathogenic factors; it corresponds Modifications:

to various acute infectious diseases of the
- If exterior Cold is severe, add Herba
respiratory tract such as influenza. It occurs
throughout the year, but especially in Winter
Ephedrae (3g) and Ramulus Cinnamomi
and Spring. <5g).
- If the pattern is complicated with
— Clinical manifestations include nasal
Dampness, giving rise to a white sticky
obstruction and/or discharge, headache,
tongue coating and a heavy distending
aversion to cold, fever and cough.
sensation in the head as if it were tightly
— The pathogenesis is invasion of external
wrapped, add Rhizoma seu Radix
Wind-Cold or Wind-Heat impairing the
Notopterygii (10 g), Radix Angelicae
dispersing function of the Lungs; the pattern
Pubescentis (10g) and Rhizoma
may be complicated by Summer Heat or
Atractylodis (5 g).
Dampness. The treatment principle is to
Release the Exterior and eliminate the
pathogenic factors. CASE STUDY 40.1 " '
THE COMMON COLD

DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT Female, age 32

a. Wind-Cold The patient complained of a heavy sensation

— This pattern is due to invasion of the body
surface by external pathogenic Wind-Cold
impairing the dispersing function of the
Lungs. Clinical manifestations include
severe aversion to cold, mild fever, absence
of sweating, headache, general aching, nasal
obstruction, hoarseness, clear nasal
discharge, itching of the throat, cough with
thin white sputum and a superficial, tense
pulse.
— The treatment principle is to Release the
Exterior with pungent and warm herbs.
— The recommended formula is a variation of
Jing Fang Bai Du San (Schizonepeta and
Ledebouriella Powder to Overcome
Pathogenic Influences):
Herba Schizonepetae lOg
in her head as if it were tightly wrapped in
cloth, stuffiness of the chest, loss of taste and
poor appetite. She had a sticky white
tongue coating and a weak-floating and slow
pulse.
Pathogenesis: Invasion by External Cold with
Retention of Damp in the Interior. Cold and Damp
combined in the Spleen and Stomach, hinderinq
Vang Qi. y
Western diagnosis: Common cold.
Treatment principle: Disperse Cold, Release the
Exterior, Resolve Damp and harmonize the Middle
Burner.
The formula used was a variation of Xiang Ru Yin
(Elscholtzia Decoction) and Agastache Upright
Qi Powder:
Herba Elscholtzia seu Moslae 4.5 g
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis 4.5 g
182 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

Herba Agastachis (fresh) 9g - For cough with thick sputum, dyspnoea 2. EF

Folium Perillae 9g and chest pain, combine with Ma Xing
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae GENE
Shi Can Tang (Ephedra-Prunus-
(stir-baked} 9g — Th
Gypsum-Grycyrrhiza Decoction).
Poria 9g be.
- For sore throat, add Lasiosphaera seu
Pericarpium Arecae 9g ex;
Calvatia (10 g) and Radix Achyranthis
Radix Angelicae Dahuricae 3g
m;
Rhizoma Pinelliae 9g Bidentatae(15g).
syi
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 3g - If Heat consumes Body Fluids, giving rise
res
to thirst, dry lips and nose and a red
After the first dose, the patient experienced coi
tongue with scanty coating, add Radix
mild sweating and the heavy sensation in — Di;
Adenophorae (10 g). Radix Trichosanthis
her head was immediately relieved. Herba
ler
Elsholtzia was then removed from the prescrip (10 g) and Rhizoma Phragmitis (15 g). -
act
tion and Semen Coicis (10 g) and Fructus If the pattern is complicated with
sio
Amomi (3g) were added, Amomi being added pathogenic Dampness, add Rhizoma seu
ext
at the end of the decoction. All signs and Radix Notopterygii (10 g) and Herba
symptoms disappeared after two doses of this im
Agastachis (10 g).
formula. to;
pal
c. Summer Heat and Dampness
lev
— This pattern is due to invasion of the body
b. Wind-Heat
surface by Summer Heat and Dampness, DIFFFJ
— This pattern is due to invasion of the which impair the Lungs' dispersing — Th.
Lungs by external pathogenic Wind-Heat function. Clinical manifestations include a He
which impairs the Lungs' dispersing feverish sensation, mild sweating which He
function. Clinical manifestations include does not relieve the fever, irritability, Sui
severe fever, mild aversion to cold, restlessness, thirst, stuffiness of the chest, Da:
sweating, headache, flushed face, mild nausea or abdominal pain, diarrhoea, a tre;
thirst, turbid nasal discharge, sore throat, sticky yellow tongue coating and a soft, resi
cough with yellow sputum, a thin pale- rapid pulse. ha\
yellow tongue coating and a superficial, — The treatment principle is to Release the cau

rapid pulse. Exterior, clear Summer Heat and resolve clez

— The treatment principle is to Release the Dampness. coo

Exterior with pungent and cool herbs. — The recommended formula is a variation of the
— The recommended formula is a variation of Xin Jia Xiang Ru Yin (Newly-Augmented tree
Yin Qiao San (Honeysuckle and Forsythia Elsholtzia Decoction): obs
Powder):
Herba Elsholtziae seu Moslae 3g
Flos Lonicerae 10-15g Semen Glycine Germinatus (Dint Juan) 15 g a. Inif
Fructus Forsythiae lOg Herba Agastachis 10 g
— Thi:
Herba Menthae Herba Eupatorii 10 g
Herba Artemisiae Chinghao 15 g the
(added at end of decoction)
Folium Mori Semen Dolichoris Album 15 g tem
lOg
Flos Chrysanthemi lOg Flos Lonicerae lOg sen;

Semen Sojae Praeparata lOg Fructus Forsythiae 10 g von

Radix Peucedani lOg and flus

Fructus Arctii lOg Liu Yi San (Six-to-One Powder) or Ji Ming — The
Radix Platycodi San (Powder to Take at Cock's Crow) 10 g the
Radix Glycyrrhizae
— Modifications: Hea

— Modifications: — The
- If Summer Heat is more pro
of
- For influenza with severe Fire nounced, remove Herba Elsholtziae seu and
Poison, add Radix or Folium Isatidis Moslae from the prescription and add Pow
Rhizoma Coptidis and Fructus F
- If Heat is complicated with Cold, with Gardeniae. F
symptoms of aversion to cold and - If pathogenic Dampness is more F
absence of sweating, add Herba pronounced, add Rhizoma Atractylodis R
Schizonepetae (10 g). and Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis. F
 Diseases in internal medicine 183

2. EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS B Semen Sojae Praeparata lOg

Gypsum Fibrosum 30 g
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
— Modifications:
— This disease often occurs in Summer or the
beginning of Autumn and is caused by - For pronounced exterior symptoms such
exposure to encephalitis B virus. Clinical as headache, aversion to cold and absence
manifestations include abrupt onset of of sweating, add Herba Menthae (5g)
symptoms, high fever, headache, sweating, and Herba Elsholtzia seu Moslae (3 g).
restlessness, thirst, and possibly coma and - If Summer Heat and Dampness combine,
convulsion. giving rise to stuffiness of the chest,
— Diseases caused by Summer Heat and pesti epigastric distress and a sticky tongue
lence are differentiated and treated coating, add Herba Agastachis (10 g) and
according to the Four Levels. The transmis Herba Eupatorii (10 g).
sion and progression of this disease is - For high fever and profuse sweating,
extremely rapid and it enters the Qi level increase the dosage of Gypsum Fibrosum
immediately. Persistent Summer Heat tends to 50-60 g and add Rhizoma
to affect the Pericardium, thus giving rise to Anemarrhenae (10g).
patterns of Heat at the Nutritive and Blood - For constipation and a yellow tongue
levels. coating, add Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
(6-10g).
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
— The initial stage of the disease (Summer b. Advanced stage
Heat at the Qi level) is treated by clearing
Heat from the Qi level and quelling Fire. If — This pattern develops 4-10 days after the
Summer Heat is complicated with onset of the disease. Clinical manifestations
Dampness, and Tai Yin is affected, it is include high fever (over 40°C), flushed face,
treated by clearing Summer Heat and coarse breathing, restlessness, thirst, profuse
resolving Dampness. If pathogenic factors sweating, lethargy or coma, convulsion and
spastic paralysis.
have entered the Nutritive and Blood levels,
— There are three sub-stages:
causing coma and convulsion, it is treated by
clearing Heat from the Nutritive level,
cooling Blood, calming Wind and opening i. Damage to Qi by Summer Heat
the orifices. The sequelae of the disease are — This corresponds to Yang Ming Syndrome,
treated by resolving Phlegm and removing i.e. invasion of Yang Ming by Heat, with
obstruction from the collaterals. consumption of Body Fluids. Clinical
manifestations include high fever, restless
a. Initial stage ness, thirst, profuse sweating, flushed face,
coarse breathing, a yellow tongue coating
— This pattern presents in the first 3 days after and a surging, rapid pulse. The treatment
the onset of the disease. It manifests as body principle is to clear Summer Heat, nourish
temperature of 38-39°C with a feverish Yin and promote Body Fluids.
sensation, headache, lethargy, nausea, — The recommended formula is a variation of
vomiting, mild rigidity of the neck and a Bai Hu Tang (White Tiger Decoction):
flushed face.
Gypsum Fibrosum 50-100g
— The treatment principle is to Release
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
the Exterior and clear Heat and Summer
Radix Glycyrrhizae {raw) g
Heat.
Flos Lonicerae 15g
— The recommended formula is a variation Fructus Forsythiae lOg
of Honeysuckle and Forsythia Powder Radix Scutellariae lOg
and Newly-Augmented Elsholtzia Radix Isatidis 20 g
Powder: Rhizoma Paris Polyphagae (Zao Xiu) 15g
Flos Lonicerae 15 g Herba Lophatheri lOg
Fructus Forsythiae 1og Herba Dendrobii
Folium Isatidis 15 g
Modifications:
Radix Isatidis 15 2
Herba Artemisiae Chinghao 15 g - If the fever has subsided but sweating
184 Part 5.- The treatment of common diseases

continues, with shortness of breath and a henae (12 g) and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Hi. Rec
large but weak pulse, this suggests (6g). — In I
Collapse of Qi and Body Fluids. In this - For circulatory failure, add Radix gra
case, add Sheng Mai San (Generating the Ginseng (10 g) to benefit Qi and rescue anc
Pulse Powder) to benefit Qi and promote Collapse. ma
Body Fluids.
fev
CASE STUDY 40.2 flu;
ii. Invasion of the Nutritive level of the Heart by ENCEPHALITIS B thr»
Summer Heat con
Male, age 5
— This pattern is due to inward transmission of cat<
The patient was admitted to hospital after having
Summer Heat to the Nutritive and Blood — Tht
had fever (39.7° C) and convulsion for 5 days. He
levels of the Pericardium. Clinical manifesta cle<
presented with coma, convulsion, gurgling due to
tions include high fever, lethargy, coma, Qir
sputum in the throat, shortness of breath, cold
convulsion, a deep-red tongue with a burnt anc
limbs, constipation, a thick yellow tongue coating
coating and a rapid, thready, large pulse. The and a rapid, rolling pulse.
treatment principle is to clear Heat from the
Pathogenesis: Invasion of Jue Yin by pathogenic
Nutritive level, open the orifices and calm
factors; Phlegm-Heat in the Interior disturbing the
Wind. The recommended formula is a varia
Pericardium.
tion of Qing Ying Tang (Clear the Nutritive
Level Decoction) and Qing Wen Bai Dit Yin Western diagnosis: Encephalitis B
(Clear Epidemics and Overcome Toxin Treatment principle: Clear Heat from the Heart,
Decoction): open the orifices, resolve Phlegm, relieve consti
pation and subdue Liver Wind.
Cornu Rhinoceri Asiatici 0.5 g
The herbs used were:
(ground to a powder and taken
separately with water) a. One pill of Calm the Palace Pill with
- I
or Cornu Bubali 30 g Cattle Gallstone, taken with fresh Succus
(decocted with other ingredients) Bambusae, to clear Heat, resolve Phlegm
Radix Rehmanniae 30g and open the orifices.
Flos Lonicerae 30 g b. Gypsum Fibrosum (raw) 50 g
Fructus Forsythiae 15g (decocted first) I
Herba Lophatheri lOg Flos Lonicerae 30 g - f
Folium Isatidis 15g Fructus Forsythiae 10 g r
Rhizoma Coptidis 5-10g Fructus Gardeniae 10 g (
Radix Ophiopogonis 15 g Bamboo juice 10 g c
Rhizoma Acori Graminei 5-10g Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (raw) 6g
V
(added at end of decoction) (added at end)
Radix Curcumae tOg NatriiSulfas 10 g
d. Seq
Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis 15g (taken separately with water)
(added at end of decoction) Semen Pharbitides 10 g — If n.
Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis 12 g
Modifications: mor
(added at end)
bloc
- For delirium and coma, add 1-2 pills of Scorpio 3g
Hea
An Gong Niu Huang Wan (Calm the Carapax Eretmochaelydis (Da//Wao)10g
Fire
(decocted first)
Palace Pill with Cattle Gallstone) or Zhi
com
Concha Haliotidis 20 g
Bao Dan (Greatest Treasure Special Pill),
(decocted first) — The
to be taken in three doses.
Rhizoma Phragmitis 15 g inch
- For stirring of Wind with convulsion, add
Radix Glycyrrhizae (raw) 3g dysj
0.3-1.5g of powdered Cornu Antelopis,
treat
to be taken separately. After administration of three doses, the fever
gradually subsided and convulsions stopped; the Qi, i
- For severe convulsions, add l-2g of
patient had two bowel motions with black sticky fro it
powdered Scorpio and Scolopendra in
stool; gurgling in the throat improved and the — The
equal amounts, to be taken with the
patient's mental state became clear.
prepared decoction. C

- For severe internal Heat with a burnt- Two doses of herbs that clear Heat and resolve
Phlegm were then administered, after which the
yellow tongue coating, add Gypsum
boy was discharged from hospital.
Fibrosum (50 g), Rhizoma Anemarr-
 Diseases in internal medicine 185

Hi. Recovery stage Lumbricus 10g

— In the recovery stage, the body temperature Arisaema cum Bile lOg
gradually subsides and the various signs Rhizoma Acori Graminei 6g
and symptoms improve. The main clinical Radix Polygalae lOg

manifestations at this stage are a low-grade Modifications:

fever which is more pronounced at night,
flushed face, thirst, a red tongue and a rapid, For tremor of the hands and feet and a
thready pulse. The pattern at this point dry red tongue, add Plastrum Testudinis
consists of deficiency of Qi and Yin, compli (15 g) (decocted first), Radix Rehmanniae
cated with residual Summer Heat. (20 g) and Herba Dendrobii (15 g) to
nourish Yin, calm Wind and remove
— The treatment principle is to nourish Yin and
obstruction from the collaterals.
clear Heat. The recommended formula is
Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang (Artemisia Annua For paralysis of the limbs, add Radix
and Soft-shelled Turtle Shell Decoction): Astragali seu Hedysari (20 g), Radix
Angelicae Sinensis (10 g), Semen Persicae
Herba Artemisiae Chinghao 15 g
(10 g) and Flos Carthami (10 g).
Carapax Trionycis 15g
(decoded first)
Radix Rehmanniae 15g
Radix Ophiopogonis 15 g 3. TRACHEITIS AND PNEUMONIA
Radix Adenophorae 15g
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae lOg
— The main symptom of both tracheitis and
Radix Cynanchi Atrati lOg
Herba Dendrobii pneumonia is cough, possibly accompanied
15g
by fever. In their acute form, both diseases
Modifications: are caused by the invasion of external
- For delirium, add Arisaema cum Bile pathogenic Wind-Cold or Wind-Heat, while
(lOg), Rhizoma Acori Graminei (6g) chronic tracheitis results from invasion of
(added at end of decoction) and Radix the Lungs by Phlegm Damp or Liver Fire,
Curcumae (10 g) to clear Heat, resolve the retention of Phlegm-Fluid in the Lungs
Phlegm and open the orifices. or Yin Deficiency with Empty Heat.
- For spasm of the limbs and tremor of the
hands and feet, add Plastrum Testudinis DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT

(15 g) and Concha Ostreae (20 g) (both

a. Cough due to invasion of external
decocted first) to nourish Yin and calm
pathogenic factors (acute tracheitis and
Wind.
pneumonia).

d. Sequelae i. Wind-Cold
— This pattern is due to invasion of the Lungs
— If neurological symptoms are still present 6 by pathogenic Wind-Cold, which impairs
months after the onset, they are caused by
the Lungs' dispersing function. Clinical
blockage of the collaterals and misting of the manifestations include cough with thin
Heart by Phlegm and Stagnant Blood due to
white sputum, nasal obstruction and
Fire Poison damaging the Yin and
discharge and a thin, white tongue coating.
condensing Body Fluids into Phlegm.
The treatment principle is to eliminate Wind-
— The main signs and symptoms at this stage Cold, promote the dispersing function of the
include delirium, dementia, aphasia, Lungs and stop cough. The recommended
dysphagia and paralysis of the limbs. The formula is a variation of Zhi Ke San (Stop
treatment principle is to promote Upright Coughing Powder) and San Ao Tang (Three-
Qi, resolve Phlegm and remove obstruction Unbinding Decoction):
from the collaterals.
Herba Ephedrae 3-6g
— The recommended formula is:
Herba Schizonepetae lOg
Carapax Trionycis 15 g Folium Perillae 3-6g
(decocted first) Fructus Perillae lllg
Squama Manitis 12g Radix Peucedani lOg
(decocted first) Radix Plarycodi
Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga lOg Semen Armeniacae Amarum lOe
186 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

Radix Stemonae lOg ii. Wind-Heat

Radix Asteris lOg
— This pattern is due to invasion of the Lungs
by Wind-Heat which impairs the Lungs'
CASE STUDY 40.3 descending function. Signs and symptoms
TRACHEIT1S include cough with yellow sputum which is
Male, age 32 difficult to expectorate, sore throat, fever,
dyspnoea and chest pain.
The patient complained of a cough, becoming
— The treatment principle for a mild case is
worse in Autumn and Winter over the past 10
years. The most recent aggravation was caused
to eliminate Wind, clear Heat, promote
by exposure to rain and cold. Clinical manifesta the descending function of the Lungs;
tions included frequent cough with scanty sputum, for a severe case, it is to promote the
shortness of breath which was worse when lying dispersing function of the Lungs and
down, general aching, reduced appetite, thirst, a clear Heat. The recommended formula
red tongue and a slightly wiry pulse. for a mild case is a variation of Sang Ju Yin
Pathogenesis: Constitutional Lung Heat with (Folia Mori-Flos Chrysanthemi Decoc
retention of Phlegm in the Lung channel, compli tion):
cated with invasion by pathogenic Cold, resulting Folium Mori lOg
in impairment of the Lungs' function of dispersing Fructus Arctii 10-15g
and descending.
Herba Menthae 2-3g
Western diagnosis: Tracheitis (added at end of decoction)
Flos Chrysanthemi lOg
Treatment principle: Promote the Lungs' Flos Lonicerae lOg
dispersing function, eliminate Cold, resolve Fructus Forsythiae lOg
Phlegm and relieve cough.
Semen Armeniacae Amarum lOg
The formula used was a variation of San Ao Tang Radix Peucedani lOg
(Three-Unbinding Decoction) and Zhi Shi San Radix Platycodi
(Stop Coughing Powder):
The recommended formula for a severe case
Herba Ephedrae (treated) 4.5g is a variation of Ephedra-Prunus-Gypsum-
Semen Armeniacae Amarum 9g Glycyrrhiza Decoction:
Radix Glycyrrhizae (raw) 4.5g
Herba Ephedrae 3-6g
Radix Peucedani 9g
Gypsum Fibrosum 15-30g
Folium Mori 9g
(decocted first)
Cortex Mori Radicis 9g
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 10-12g
Radix Asteris (treated) 15g
Radix Stemonae (treated) 9g Semen Armeniacae Amarum lOg
Flos Lonicerae 10-15 g
Radix Scutellariae 4.5g
Fructus Forsythiae lOg
Pericarpium Citrr Reticulatae 4.5g
Herba Houttuyniae 15g
Concha Metetricis seu Cyclinae
Radix Scutellariae lOg
(GeKe) i5g

After administration of three doses, the cough

improved. At this point, the tongue was red with a
thin, sticky coating, and the pulse was slightly wiry,
indicating that the Lungs' descending function was
not yet restored. Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii
(9 g) was therefore added to the formula.
After three doses of the new formula, the cough
was further improved, the general aching had
disappeared and the patient's appetite had
increased. The tongue tip was not red, and the
tongue coating was thin and white. Herba
Ephedrae and Radix Scutellariae were then
removed from the prescription and treated
Rhizoma Cynanchi Stauntonii (9g) and Fructus
Trichosanthis (9 g) were added. After three doses
of this formula, all signs and symptoms
disappeared.
CASE STUDY 40.4
PNEUMONIA
Male, age 21
The patient complained of fever for 3 days, with
cough, chest pain and shortness of breath. He
was not sweating. The tip and border of his tongue
were red, with a thin, yellow coating; the pulse was
rolling and rapid. Chest X-rays showed a large
shadow of increased density in the right lower
lung.
Pathogenesis: Invasion by pathogenic Wind,
complicated with retention of Lung Heat impairing
the Lungs' function of dispersing.
Western diagnosis: Lobar pneumonia
Treatment principle: Promote the Lung's function
 Diseases in internal medicine 187

Cinnamomi Atractylodes-Glycyrrhiza
of dispersing with pungent and cool herbs, clear
Lung Heat and relieve cough. Decoction):

Herba Ephedrae 3-6g

The formula used was a variation of Ephedra- 2-5g
Ramulus Cinnamomi
Prunus-Gypsum-Glycyrrhiza Decoction and
Rhizoma Atractylodis
Reed Decoction: Macrocephalae lOg
lOg
Herba Ephedrae 4.5 g Poria
Rhizoma Zingiberis 2-5g
Gypsum Fibrosum (raw) 30 g
Herba Asari l-2g
(decocted first)
Semen Armeniacae Amarum 9g Fructus Schisandrae
Radix Glycyrmizae (raw) 4.5 g Radix Glycyrrhizae
Semen Benincasae (Dong Gua Zl) 18 g
Semen Coicis (raW) 15 9 iii. Invasion of the Lungs by Liver Fire
Rhizoma Phragmitis This pattern is due to invasion of the Lungs
(fresh, with the joint removed) 30 g by Liver Fire, with retention of Heat in the
Semen Persicae 4.5 g Lungs and impairment of the Lungs'
Flos Lonicerae 309 descending function. Clinical manifestations
Fructus Forsythiae 15 9
include cough with thick yellow sputum and
After administration of two doses the fever hypochondriac pain, flushed face and
subsided and shortness of breath was relieved. haemoptysis.
After another 15 doses, X-rays showed complete — The treatment principle is to sedate the
absorption of the shadow in the right lower lung.
Liver, clear Lung Heat and stop cough.
The recommended formula is a variation of
Xie Bai San (Expelling Whiteness Powder)
b. Cough due to internal injury (chronic and Dai Ge San (Indigo Naturalis-Concha
tracheitis) Meretricis Powder):
i. Invasion of the Lungs by Phlegm-Damp Cortex Mori Radicis 10 g
— The clinical manifestations of this pattern Radix Scutellariae l°g
include cough with profuse white sticky Cortex Lycii Radicis 10 g
sputum, stuffiness of the chest and a sticky Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 10 g
tongue coating. Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii 10 g ■

— The treatment principle is to invigorate Fructus Gardeniae 10 g

Concha Meretricis seu Cyclinae 15 g
the Spleen, dry Dampness, and resolve i
Fructus Trichosanthis 10-15 g
Phlegm. The recommended formula is a
Cortex Moutan Radicis 10 g
variation of Er Chen Tang (Two-Cured
Radix Curcumae 10 S
Decoction): Herba Agrimoniae 10-12 g
Rhizoma Pinelliae l°g
Rhizoma Arisaematis 10 g iv. Yin Deficiency
Semen Sinapis Albae 2-3g — The clinical manifestations of this pattern
Rhizoma Atractylodis 5-10 g include dry cough with scanty sputum, dry
Rhizoma Atractylodis
throat, dysphonia, tidal fever, haemoptysis,
Macrocephalae 10 g
a dry red tongue and a rapid, thready pulse.
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis 2-5 g
The treatment principle is to nourish Yin,
Semen Ziziphi Spinosae 10 g
Fructus Aurantii 5g moisten the Lungs, and stop cough.
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 5g — The recommended formula is a variation of
Sha Shen Mai Dong Tang (Glehnia-
ii. Retention of Phlegm and Fluid in the Lungs Ophiopogon Decoction):
— The clinical manifestations of this pattern Radix Adenophorae 10-15 g
include cough with profuse thin sputum, a Radix Ophiopogonis 10-15 g
white tongue coating and a rolling pulse. Radix Asparagi 10-15 g
The treatment principle is to warm the Bulbus Lilii 10g
Lungs and resolve retained fluid. The recom Colla Corii Asini 10g
mended formula is a variation of Xiao Qing (melted and taken separately)
Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii 10 g
Long Tang (Small Green Dragon Decoction)
Fructus Trichosanthis 1° g
and Ling Gui Zhu Gan Tang (Poria-Ramulus
188 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

4. ASTHMA Rhizoma Belamcandae 5-10g

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
— The main symptoms of asthma are shortness
of breath and wheezing. It often presents as
bronchial asthma and asthmatic bronchitis.
The pathogenesis is a combination of
Phlegm and Qi blocking the air passages and
impairing the dispersing and descending
functions of the Lungs.
— During an acute attack, the pattern is of the
Excess type and may involve either Cold or
Heat. The treatment principle is to promote
the dispersing function of the Lungs,
conduct Rebellious Qi downward, resolve
Phlegm and soothe wheeze.
— However, the root of the pattern is in
Deficiency, and in the remission stage the
treatment principle is to tonify the Lungs,
invigorate the Spleen and benefit
Kidneys.
Fructus Aurantii
Radix Platycodi
CASE STUDY 40.5
ASTHMA
Female, age 6
The patient had had asthma for 3 weeks. Clinical
manifestations included cough, wheeze,
dyspnoea and gurgling of sputum in the throat, all
of which were worse at night. Dyspnoea was
aggravated when lying down. Other signs included
profuse sweating, sticky white sputum, pallor, loss
of body weight, a pale tongue with a thin, white
coating and a weak, floating pulse.
The patient was initially treated with aminophylline
and ephedrine, which were not effective.
Pathogenesis Invasion by pathogenic Wind-Cold
the and retention of Phlegm-Fluid in the Lungs compli
cated with dysfunction of the Kidneys1 reception of
Qi.

Western diagnosis: Bronchial asthma

DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
Treatment principle: Primarily, warm the Lungs
a. During an attack
disperse Cold, resolve Phlegm and soothe
/. Cold type wheeze; secondarily, assist the Kidneys1 reception
of Qi.
— This pattern is due to retention of Cold and
Fluid in the Lungs and a combination of The formula used was a variation of Small Green
Phlegm and Qi impairing the Lung's Dragon Decoction and Kidney Qi Pill:
dispersing and descending functions. It Herba Ephedrae {treated) 4.5 g
occurs most often in Autumn and Winter. Semen Armeniacae Amarum 9g
— The main signs and symptoms include Herba Asari
3g
wheeze, cough with profuse frothy white Fructus Schisandrae 3g
sputum, gurgling in the throat, stuffiness of Rhizoma Zingiberis 3g
the chest, a slippery or sticky white tongue Flos Farfarae
9g
coating and a rolling pulse. Exterior Rhizoma Pinelliae (prepared)
9g
Radix Glycyrrhizae (treated) 3g
symptoms such as aversion to cold and
plus Kidney Qi Pill
headache may be present.
(decocted wrapped)
— The treatment principle is to warm the
Lungs, resolve Phlegm-Fluid, stimulate the The asthma improved after the first dose. On the
Lungs' dispersing function and soothe second day, Semen Lepidir seu Descurainrae
wheeze. <9g) was added to the prescription, and there
— The recommended formula is a variation of was a further improvement the next day. All signs
and symptoms disappeared after another three
Small Green Dragon Decoction and She doses.
Can Ma Huang Tang (Belamcanda and
Ephedra Decoction):
ii. Heat type
Herba Ephedrae 3-10g
Semen Armeniacae Amarum lOg
— This pattern results from the combination of b. Duri
Fructus Perillae lOg retained Phlegm-Heat in the Interior, and
/. Defic,
Herba Asari 2-3g pathogenic factors invading the Exterior;
— This
Rhizoma Zingiberis 2-5g both factors act to impair the Lungs' Lung
Fructus Schisandrae
2g descending function. Clinical manifestations
Rhizoma Pinelliae Qi (
lOg include shortness of breath, gurgling in the
Radix Asteris Interi
Flos Farfarae
lOg
throat, a choking cough with thin, sticky
lOg susce
yellow sputum which is difficult to expecto-
indue
 Diseases in internal medicine 189 I
rate, stuffiness of the chest and diaphragm, cold, spontaneous sweating, reduced
restlessness, thirst, a red tongue with sticky appetite, lassitude, loose stools and profuse
yellow coating and a rapid, rolling pulse. sputum.
Fever and headache may be present as t \:
The treatment principle is to benefit Qi,
well. consolidate Defensive Qi, invigorate the
- The treatment principle is to clear Heat, Spleen and resolve Phlegm.
resolve Phlegm, conduct Rebellious Qi The recommended formula is a variation of
downward and soothe wheeze. Yu Ping Feng San (Jade Wind-Screen
The recommended formula is a variation of Powder) and Liu fun Zi Tang (Six
Ding Chuan Tang (Arrest Wheezing Gentleman Decoction):
Decoction), Ting Li Da Zao Xie Fei Tang
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari lOg
(Descurainia and Jujube Decoction to
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae lOg
Drain the Lungs) and Belamcanda and
Rhizoma Atractylodis
Ephedra Decoction: Macrocephalae lOg
Herba Ephedrae (treated) 3-6g Poria lOg

Radix Scutellariae lOg

Fructus Schisandrae 2-3g
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Radix Asteris lOg
Cortex Mori Radicis Flos Farfarae lOg
lOg
Arisaema cum Bile or Rhizoma Rhizoma Pineiliae lOg
Pinelliae (treated with Succus Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
Bambusae) lOg
Radix Ledebouriellae

Rhizoma Belamcandae 5-10g Fructus Chebulae lOg

Semen Armeniacae Amarum lOg

Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae lOg ii. Lung and Kidney Deficiency
Fructus Trichosanthis lOg
— This patterns results from deficiency of Lung
Radix Glycyrrhizae (raw)
Qi and impairment of the Kidney function of
— Modifications: reception of Qi. Clinical manifestations
include chronic asthma, shortness of breath
- For gurgling in the throat and dyspnoea,
and palpitations on exertion, lumbar
add Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae (6
soreness and tinnitus.
-16g) and Lumbricus (10g).
— The treatment principle is to tonify the
- For thick purulent yellow sputum, add
Lungs and Kidneys, assist reception of Qi
Herba Houttuyniae (15 g), Rhizoma
and soothe asthma.
Phragmitis (15 g) and Radix Platycodi
— The recommended formula is a variation of
aog).
Shen Qi Wan (Kidney Qi Pill), Ren Shen Ge
- For fever, add Gypsum Fibrosum (30 g)
Jie San (Ginseng and Gecko Powder) and
(decocted first) and Flos Lonicerae (15 g).
Ren Shen Hu Tao Tang (Ginseng and Walnut
- For thirst and a red tongue with scant
Decoction):
coating, add Radix Adenophorae (15 g)
and Radix Trichosanthis (15 g). Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 10-15 g
Fructus Corni lOg
- For invasion of the body surface by
Semen Juglandis lOg
Wind-Cold, with symptoms of fever and
Umbilical cords 1-2
aversion to cold, use raw Herba Ephedrae
Placenta Hominis lOg
(3-6 g) combined with Herba
Lignum Aquilariae Restnatum 2-3g
Schizonepetae (10 g) and Ramulus Radix Ginseng, or Radix
Cinnamomi (5g). Codonopsis Pilosulae lOg
Fructus Schisandrae 3-5g
b. During the remission stage Radix Asteris lOg
Flos Farfarae ing
/. Deficiency of Lung and Spleen Qi
Modifications:
— This pattern results from a deficiency of
Lung Qi (and thus Defensive Qi) and Spleen - For Yang Deficiency with cold limbs,
Qi (with production of Phlegm in the pallor and thin sputum, add Radix
Interior). Signs and symptoms include Aconiti Praeparata (2-5 g), Cortex
susceptibility to the common cold, wheeze Cinnamomi (2-3 g) and Fructus
induced by changes in weather, aversion to Psoraleac(lOg).
i !'
190 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

- For Yin Deficiency with scanty sticky hoarseness, cough, stuffiness of the chest, Ba
sputum, dry mouth and throat, malar nasal obstruction, headache and possible Pr
flush, a red tongue with scanty coating fever and aversion to cold.
and a rapid, thready pulse, remove — The treatment principle is to disperse Wind-
Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum from the Cold and promote the smooth circulation of
prescription and add Radix Adenophorae Lung Qi.
(10-15 g), Radix Ophiopogonis (10 — The recommended formula is:
-15 g), Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae
Herba Ephedrae 2-3 g
(10 g) and Cordyceps (2-3 g) (ground to
Herba Schizonepetae lOg
powder and taken separately). Radix Peucedani 10 g
- For dyspnoea, spontaneous sweating and Semen Armeniacae Amarum 10 g
palpitations, add powdered Gecko (2- Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii 10 g
3g) and powdered Radix Ginseng (2- Radix Platycodi 6g
Cfi
3 g), to be taken separately. Semen Sterculiae Scaphigerae
HC
(Pang Da Hai) 3-5 pieces
The following is a prescription for external Fe
application; it is to be used during the
ii. Phlegm-Heat Th
Summer, in order to prevent asthmatic ho,
— This pattern results from invasion of the
attacks during the Winter:
Lungs by Wind-Heat, which condenses rec

foil
Semen Sinapis 20 g Body Fluids into Phlegm. Phlegm and Heat
PO:
Rhizoma Corydalis lOg then combine to block the air passage.
Radix Euphorbiae Kansui Chi
Clinical manifestations include hoarseness,
Spt
Herba Asari
cough with thick yellow sputum, a dry or
tea
The herbs are ground to a powder and sore throat and a sticky yellow tongue att;
mixed with Moschus (0.6 g) and sufficient coating. foil
ginger juice to make a paste, which is then — The treatment principle is to clear Heat, the

applied to acupuncture points such as Feishu resolve Phlegm, and ease the voice. we

(UB 13), Gaohuang (UB 43), and Bailao (extra: — The recommended formula is: slic

2cm above and lateral to Dazhui, Du 14). Cortex Mori Radicis lOg Pa
The paste is removed from the points after Radix Peucedani lOg Ph
2-3 hours. Treatment is given once every 10 Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii lOg am

days. Cortex Trichosanthis lOg boi

Fructus Gardeniae lOg
We
Radix Scutellariae 10g
Fructus Arctii 10-15 g Tre
5. DYSPHONIA Radix Platycodi Yin
6g
GENERAL DESCRIPTION Periostracum Cicadae 2-3g
The
Radix Glycyrrhizae (raw) 3g
— Dysphonia consists of hoarseness or loss of Hu
the voice. The Excess type results from wit

invasion of the throat by pathogenic Wind- b. Dysphonia of the Deficiency type

cold or retention of Phlegm-Heat. The i. Yin Deficiency with Dryness and Heat
Deficiency type results from Lung Fire due — This pattern results from Dryness and Heat
to Lung and Kidney Yin Deficiency, or from damaging Yin, or from Lung and Kidney Yin
a deficiency of Lung Qi and Yin due to exces Deficiency due to prolonged illness. In either
sive speaking or singing.
case, Yin Deficiency produces internal Heat,
which prevents the production of normal
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT vocal sound. Clinical manifestations include
chronic hoarseness, sore throat, dry throat
a. Dysphonia of the Excess type
and mouth, dry cough with little sputum,
i. Wind-Cold tinnitus, tidal fever, night sweats, a red
— This pattern results from invasion of the tongue with scanty coating and a rapid,
Lungs by pathogenic Wind-Cold, which thready pulse. The treatment principle is to
On
impairs the Lungs' function of opening and nourish Yin, reduce Fire and moisten Jug
closing the vocal cords. Clinical manifesta Dryness. wer

tions include sudden onset of aphonia or — The recommended formula is a variation of inst
 Diseases in internal medicine 191

Bai He Gu Jing Tang (Lily Bulb Decoction to After 42 doses of this formula, the patient was still
Preserve the Metal): only capable of whispering.
At this point, the treatment method was altered
Radix Adenophorae 10-15g
to include relieving depression and stagnation,
Radix Ophiopogonis 10-l5g
and Free and Relaxed Powder (30 g) and
Radix Rehmanniae 10-15g Great Tonify the Yin Pill (5g) were added to
Radix Scrophulariae 10-15g the prescription; the former was decocted
Radix Platycodi 6g
wrapped with the other ingredients while the
Folium Mori 10g
latter was taken separately with water twice
Semen Armeniacae Amarum lOg
daily.
Fructus Chebulae lOg
Semen Oroxyli {Mu Hu Die) After another month of treatment, her condition
was somewhat improved, but she still could not
speak loudly and overuse of her voice resulted

CASE STUDY 40.6 in shortness of breath. Treated Herba Ephedrae

HOARSENESS (1.5g) was then added to the formula to promote
the smooth circulation of Lung Qi, and after
Female, age 36
three doses her voice suddenly returned to
The patient complained of recurrent attacks of normal.
hoarseness over the past 10 years, the most
recent attack having occurred 3 months previously
following a common cold with cough. Other ii. Damage to Lung Qi due to overuse of the voice
possible precipitating factors were sudden — Overuse of the voice damages Lung Qi and
changes of weather, emotional stress and
the vocal cords, thus producing hoarseness,
speaking in a loud voice (the patient was a
low voice and fatigue. The treatment
teacher). Clinical manifestations of the recent
principle is to tonify Lung Qi and ease the
attack included hoarseness, dry throat, sore throat
throat and voice.
following excessive use of the voice, a slightly red
throat, dizziness and vertigo, lumbar soreness, — The recommended formula is Huang Shi
weak knees, a red tongue with a thin, white and Xiang Sheng Wan (Huang's Pill for
slightly sticky coating, and a deep, thready pulse. Promoting the Voice):

Pathogenesis: Lung and Kidney Yin Deficiency, Radix Astragali seu Hedysari 10-12g
Phlegm combining with stagnant Qi in the throat, Fructus Chebulae lOg
and failure of Body Fluids to nourish the upper Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii lOg
body. Semen Sterculiae Scaphigerae 5 pieces Hi
Radix Platycodi 6g
Western diagnosis: Chronic laryngitis
Radix Glycyrrhizae 10 g
Treatment principle: Nourish Lung and Kidney Periostracum Cicadae 2-3g
Yin and subdue Fire.

The formula used was a variation of Shen Mai Di

Huang Tang (Six-Flavour Rehmannia Decoction
with Adenophora, Glehnia and Ophiopogon):

Radix Adenophorae 10g

B. Diseases of the digestive
Radix Glehniae 10g system
Radix Asparagi 10g
Radix Ophiopogonis 10g
Radix Rehmanniae i2g 1. EPIGASTRIC PAIN
Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati 10g
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Radix Scrophulariae 15g
— Epigastric pain corresponds to the Western
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 10g
medical categories of acute gastritis, chronic
Rhizoma Dioscoreae 10g
Fructus Corni 10g gastritis and gastric and duodenal ulcer.
Semen Oroxyli 3g Excess types of epigastric pain include
Radix Glycyrrhizae (ra\A/) 3g retention of food, retention of Cold, reten
Fructus Citri Sarcodactyiis 3g tion of Dampness, retention of Heat and
stagnation of Qi. Deficiency types of
On subsequent visits to the clinic, Semen
Juglandis (10g) and Fructus Chebulae (10g) epigastric pain include Qi Deficiency,
were added to the prescription and the patient was deficiency of Spleen Yang and deficiency of
instructed to take honey with water separately. Stomach Yin.
 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT — The recommended formula is a variation of - If belchin

Xie Xin Tang (Drain the Epigastrium Rhizoma Pii
a. Acute epigastric pain
Decoction) and Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San (2-3 g) (ac
/. Retention of Food (Agastache Upright Qi Powder): and Haem.
— Retention of Food produces pain, distension first).
Rhizoma Coptidis 2-3g
and fullness in the epigastrium, foul
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus 5-10g
belching, acid regurgitation, loss of appetite,
Herba Agastachis lOg
a thick tongue coating and a rolling pulse. Cortex MagnoliaeOfficinalis 2-5g CASE STUDY 4C
— The treatment principle is to promote diges Rhizoma Pinelliae (alum treated) lOg EPIGASTRIC Pfi
tion and harmonize the Stomach. Rhizoma Atractylodis 5-10g Female, age 40
— The recommended formula is a variation of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 5g
The patient had r
Bao He Wan (Preserving and Harmonizing Fructus Gardeniae 10 g
Fructus Meliae Toosendan 10 g which caused di;
Pill):
Rhizoma Corydalis 10g trium, referred t
Fructus Crataegi 10 -15 g sides. Other c
Massa Fermentata Medicinalis I2g — Modifications: sighing and belcf
Fructus Oryzae Germinatus 12 g distension, but n
- For abdominal distension and consti
Fructus Hordei Germinatus 12g regurgitation, a re
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus 10 g
pation, add Radix et Rhizoma Rhei a wiry pulse.
Rhizoma Pinelliae 10 g (3-6 g).
Pathogenesis: £
Fructus Forsythiae 10 g
which then invadf
Rhizoma Coptidis 2-3g
b. Chronic epigastric pain
Western diagno:
ii. Retention of Cold and Qi Stagnation /. Disharmony between the Liver and Stomach Treatment princ
— This pattern results from invasion of the — Stagnation of Liver Qi impairs the Stomach's and harmonize t
Stomach by pathogenic Cold, leading to function of descending. Clinical manifesta Heat with bitter ht
retention of Cold and stagnation of Qi. tions include distending epigastric pain
The formula usec
Clinical manifestations include epigastric which extends to the hypochondrium, Soothing the Li
pain which is alleviated by warmth, reflux of belching, acid regurgitation, aggravation of Pill:
clear fluid, a white tongue coating and a symptoms with emotional stress, a thin
Radix Bupleur
wiry pulse. tongue coating and a wiry pulse.
Rhizoma Cypt
— The treatment principle is to warm the — The treatment principle is to soothe the Liver Radix Curcum
Middle Burner and regulate Qi. and harmonize the Stomach. Rhizoma Cory
— The recommended formula is a variation of — The recommended formula is a variation of Pericarpium C
Liang Fit Wan (Galangal and Cyperus Pill): Chai Hu Shu Can San (Bupleurum Soothing Viride

Rhizoma AlpiniaeOfficinalis 2-5g

the Liver Decoction): Fructus Meliae

Ramulus Cinnamomi 2-5g Fructus Garde

Radix Bupleuri 5g
Rhizoma Zingiberis or Rhizoma Radix Scutella
Fructus Aurantii Immaturusor
Zingiberis Recens 2-5g plus Left Meta
Fructus Aurantii lOg
Fructus Evodiae l-3g (taken sepa>
Radix Paeoniae Alba lOg
Rhizoma Cyperi lOg Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong After administrat
5-10g
Radix Aucklandiae 3-5 g Rhizoma Cvperi distension improv
lOg
Fructus Amomi 2-3g Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae severe. All signs e
(added at end of decoction) Viride 5g another three dosi
Rhizoma Pinelliae 10g Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 5g
Fructus Meliae Toosendan lOg
Hi. Fire and Damp-Heat in the Stomach Rhizoma Coydalis lOg ii. Deficiency of the
— Invasion of the Middle Burner by Damp- stagnation ofCoh
— Modifications:
Heat impairs the descending function of the — Yang Defidenc
Stomach and produces symptoms of - For Stagnant Liver Qi turning to Heat, deficiency of S
vomiting soon after eating, foul breath, a with symptoms of a bitter taste in the ment of the Sple
bitter taste in the mouth, distending pain in mouth and a red tongue with yellow tion and tran
the epigastrium, a yellow and sticky tongue coating, add Cortex Moutan Radicis disharmony of
coating and a rolling and rapid pulse. The (10 g) and Fructus Gardeniae (10 g). festations inch
treatment principle is to clear Heat, resolve - For acid regurgitation, add Os Sepiellae which is allevia
Dampness, reduce Fire and harmonize the seu Sepiae (10-15g) and Concha Areae pressure; Iassiti
Stomach. (10-15 g). loose stools.
 Discuses in internal medicine 193

- If belching is pronounced, add The treatment principle is to benefit Qi and

Rhizoma Pinelliae (10 g), Fmctus Amomi warm the Middle Burner.
(2-3 g) (added at end of decoction) The recommended formula is a variation of
and Haematitum (15-20g) (decocted
first).
Huang Qi Jian Zhong Tang (Astragalus II
Decoction to Construct the Middle) and Li
Zhong Wan (Regulating the Middle
Decoction):
CASE STUDY 40.7
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae lOg
EPIGASTRIC PAIN
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari 10-15g
Female, age 40
Rhizoma Atractyludis
The patient had recently suffered from depression, Macrocephalae lOg
which caused distension and pain in Ihe epigas Ramulus Cinnamomi or
trium, referred to the hypochondrium on both Cortex Cinnamomi 2-5g
sides. Other clinical manifestations included Rhizoma Zingiberis 2-5g
sighing and belching, which slightly alleviated the Radix Paeoniae Alba lOg
distension, but not the pain. She also had acid Radix Glycyrrhizae (treated)
regurgitation, a red tongue with a thin coating, and
Modifications:
a wiry pulse.
- For deficiency of the Middle Burner
Pathogenesis: Stagnant Liver Qi turned to Fire,
which then invaded the Stomach. complicated by retention of fluid, with
symptoms of reflux of clear fluid and
Western diagnosis: Chronic gastritis
splashing sounds in the Stomach, add
Treatment principle: Primarily, soothe the Liver Poria (12 g), Fructus Evodiae (2g) and
and harmonize the Stomach; secondarily, clear Pericarpium Zanthoxyli (2g).
Heat with bitter herbs.

The formula used was a variation of Bupleurum in. Deficiency of the Middle Burner and stagnation
Soothing the Liver Decoction and Left Metal ofQi
Pill:
— Deficiency of the Spleen and Stomach means
Radix Bupleuri 3g weakness in transportation and transforma
Rhizoma Cyperi 9g tion, thus producing stagnation of Qi.
Radix Curcumae 9g Clinical manifestations include dull or
Rhizoma Corydalis 9g distending epigastric pain, especially after
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
eating and alleviated by belching, and
Viride 4.5 g
reduced appetite and lassitude.
Fructus Meliae Toosendan 9g
— The treatment principle is to tonify the
Fructus Gardeniae (burnt) 4.5 g
Middle Burner and regulate Qi.
Radix Scutellariae 4.5 g
plus Left Metal Pill 3g — The recommended formula is a varia
(taken separately with water) tion of Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang (Six
Gentlemen Decoction with Aucklandia
After administration of two doses, epigastric
and Amomum) and Zhi Zhu Wan (Aurantia
distension improved and the pain became less
severe. All signs and symptoms disappeared after
Immaturus-Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Pill):
another three doses.

Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae lOg

Radix Astragali seu Hedysari lOg
ii. Deficiency of the Spleen and Stomach with Rhizoma Arractylodis
stagnation of Cold Macrocephalae lOg
— Yang Deficiency produces Internal Cold; Fmctus Aurantii Immaturus lOg
deficiency of Spleen Yang means impair Radix Aucklandiae 5g
ment of the Spleen's functions of transporta Fructus Amomi 2-3g
(added at end of decoction)
tion and transformation, which causes
Rhizoma Pinelliae
disharmony of Stomach Qi. Clinical mani
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
festations include dull epigastric pain
Rhizoma Cyperi lOg
which is alleviated by eating, warmth and Poria lOg
pressure; lassitude, reduced appetite and Radix Glycyrrhizae (treated) H
loose stools. Fructus Orvzae Genninatus 10g
194 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

CASE STUDY 40.8

iv. Retention of Dampness in the Spleen and
EPIGASTRIC PAIN
Stomach
Male, age 39
— Improper diet impairs the Spleen's functions
The patient complained of epigastric pain of transportation and transformation,
tending to occur in the Autumn and Winter over producing Turbid Damp in the interior
the past 6 years. The most recent attack had which blocks Qi circulation. Clinical
begun 1 month previously. The pain usually manifestations include distending epigastric
occurred about an hour after meals or at midnight and abdominal pain, reduced appetite and a
and could be alleviated by heat or pressure' sticky tongue coating.
or by eating small amounts of food. Eating
more than a small amount would cause disten
— The treatment principle is to resolve
sion. His appetite was poor. His tongue coating Dampness and harmonize the Middle
Burner.
was thin and sticky, and his pulse thready and
wiry. — The recommended formula is a variation of
Xiang Sha Ping Wei San (Regulate the
2 years ago he had passed black stools, and the
Stomach Decoction with Aucklandia and
diagnosis of duodenal ulcer was established by Amomum):
barium meal fluoroscopy.
Rhizoma Atractylodis
Pathogenesis: Spleen and Stomach Deficiency 6-10 g
Rhizoma Atractylodis
with retention of Cold, complicated by stagnation
of Qi. Macrocephalae lOg
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis 2-5g
Western diagnosis: Duodenal ulcer Poria
lOg
Radix Aucklandiae
Treatment principle: Invigorate the Spleen 3-5g
Fructus Amomi
harmonize the Stomach, activate Qi circulation j 2-3g
(added at end of decoction)
and harmonize the Middle Burner.
Rhizoma Pinelliae
The formula used was a variation of Six Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae g
Gentlemen Decoction with Aucklandia and Fructus Aurantii Immaturus 5-10 g
Amomum:
v. Yin Deficiency with Empty Fire
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae
— Constitutional Yin Deficiency produces
(stir-baked)
Empty Fire, which eventually consumes
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
(stir-baked) Stomach Yin. Clinical manifestations include
Poria dull or burning epigastric pain, an empty
Radix Glycyrrhizae (treated) and uncomfortable sensation in the stomach,
Radix Aucklandiae dryness and a bitter taste in the mouth,'
Rhizoma Pinelliae retching, a red tongue without coating or
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 4-5 g with a thin yellow coating, and a rapid,
Fructus Amomi thready pulse.
3g
Pericarpium Zanthoxyli
3g — The treatment principle is to nourish Yin,
Flos Magnoliae Officinalis
reduce Fire and benefit the Stomach.
(Chuan Po Hua) 1.5
4.5 g
— The recommended formula is a variation of an

After administration of three doses, epigastric pain Yi Guan fian (Linking Decoction): se;
was less and the patient's appetite improved but Radix Glehniae 10-15g
he complained of stuffiness of the chest and Herba Dendrobii 10-15g
insomnia. His tongue coating was thin and sticky Radix Ophiopogonis 10-15g 2. DIAJ
and his pulse was thready and wiry. Pericarpium Radix Paeoniae Alba lOg
Zanthoxyli and Fructus Amomi were then removed Radix Glycyrrhizae GENERA
%
from the prescription; Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Fructus Meliae Toosendan lOg — Diarr
(9g), Radix Paeoniae Rubra (9g), aged Fructus Rhizoma Corydalis lOg the J
Chaenomehs (3g) and Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae (5 Fructus Aurantii Immaturus 5-10g Intest
pieces) were added.
Fructus Gardeniae lOg of ex
After five doses of this new formula the symptoms — Modifications: Dam]
were relieved, and the patient was given emoti
another five doses to consolidate the therapeutic - For lack of gastric acid, add Fructus funct;
results.
Mume (3-5 g) and fresh Fructus Crataeei tion ;
(1015g) g transi

- If Liver Qi Stagnation is pronounced, add
Radix Bupleuri (5g), Rhizoma Cyperi
(10g) and Fructus Citri Sarcodactvlis
(5g).
- For constipation with dry stool, add
Fructus Cannabis (10 g), Radix Angelicae
Sinensis (lOg) and Semen Biotae
00g).
vi. Blood Stagnation with damage to the vessels
— Chronic epigastric pain damages the blood
vessels and produces Blood Stagnation.
Clinical manifestations include boring
epigastric pain, possibly melaena
haematemesis, a purple tongue and a wiry,
hesitant pulse.
— The treatment principle is to resolve Blood
Stasis and harmonize the collaterals.
— The recommended formula is a variation of
Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan (Fantastically
Effective Pill to Invigorate the Collaterals)
and Shi Xiao San (Sudden Smile Powder):
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae 10-15g
Radix Angelicae Sinensis lOg
Radix Paeoniae Rubra lOg
Radix Paeoniae Alba lOg
Resina Olibani 2-3g
Resina Myrrhae 2-3g
Os Sepiellae seu Sepiae 10-15g
Rhizoma Corydalis
lOg
Corium Erinacei lOg
Faeces Trogopterorum
10e
— Modifications:
- For melaena or haematemesis, remove
Resina Olibani and Resina Myrrhae from
the prescription and add Cacumen Biotae
(10-15g) and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
(5-10g); also administer a powder of
1.5~2g each of Radix Notoginseng
and Rhizoma Bletillae, to be taken
separately.
2. DIARRHOEA AND DYSENTERY
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
— Diarrhoea and dysentery principally affect
the Spleen, Stomach, Small and Large
Intestines. They are caused by the invasion
of external Cold-Damp, Summer Heat and
Dampness, improper diet and violent
emotions, all of which impair the Spleen's
functions of transportation and transforma
tion and the Large Intestine's function of
transmission.
Diseases in internal medicine 195
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
a. Retention of Food
— Improper diet or ingestion of contaminated
food damages the Spleen and Stomach,
thus causing retention of Food in the
Interior. Clinical manifestations include
epigastric and abdominal distension
and fullness, abdominal pain, borborygmus,
foul belching, loss of appetite, smelly
stool, a thick tongue coating and a rolling
pulse.
— The treatment principle is to promote diges
or tion, harmonize the Middle Burner and stop
diarrhoea and dysentery.
The recommended formula is a variation of
Preserving and Harmonizing Pill and Mu
Xiang Bing long Wan (Aucklandia and Betel
Nut Pill):
— For simple diarrhoea:
Fructus Crataegi (burnt)
10-15g
Massa Fermentata Medicinalis 12-15g
Fructus Oryzae Germinatus 10-15g
Fructus Hordei Germinatus l£M5g
Rhizoma Pinelliae lOg
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
Rhizoma Coptidis 2e
Poria 1Og
— For dysentery, remove Rhizoma Pinelliae,
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae and Poria, and
add:
Radix Aucklandiae
Semen Arecae 5-10g
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei 5-10g
b. Cold-Damp
— Invasion of the Spleen by Cold-Damp
impairs the Spleen's functions of transporta
tion and transformation and the Large
Intestine's function of transmission. Clinical
manifestations include abdominal disten
sion and pain, diarrhoea with watery stool
or dysentery with white mucus, tenesmus,
borborygmus and a sticky white tongue
coating.
— The treatment principle is to warm the
Middle Burner and resolve Dampness.
— The recommended formula is a varia
tion of Agastache Upright Qi Powder
and Ping Wei San (Calm the Stomach
Powder):
Rhizoma Atractylodis 6-10g
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis
2-3g
Herba Agastachis lOg
Radix Aucklandiae
196 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae

Massa Fermentata CASE STUDY 40.9
lOg
Poria DYSENTERY
lOg
Female, age 54
Modifications:
This patient had had chronic bacillary dysentery
For severe diarrhoea accompanied by for 3 years. For the past 3 days she had experi
exterior symptoms, add Herba enced abdominal pain with blood and mucus in the
Schizonepetae (lOg), Radix Ledebou- stool, tenesmus, seven to eight bowel motions
riellae(lOg) and Folium Perillae (3g). daily, loss of body weight, reduced appetite,
For diarrhoea with watery stool, add irritability, five-palm Heat, a bitter taste in her
Semen Plantaginis (10g) (decocted mouth and deep-yellow urine. She had a deep-red
wrapped). tongue with no coating, and a thready, rapid pulse.
For severe dysentery, add Semen Arecae Pathogenesis: Combination of Damp and Heat in
(5-10g). — Chj
the Large Intestine; damage to Yin and Blood due
to prolonged dysentery. def
For prolonged diarrhoea and dysentery,
the
add Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae Western diagnosis: Chronic bacillary dysentery mai
(10g), Rhizoma Zingiberis (2-3g) and
PericarpiumGranati (lOg). Treatment principle: Primarily, clear Damp-Heat; red
secondarily, nourish Yin and Blood. unc
The formula used was a variation of Bai Tou Weng pro
Tang (Pulsatilla Decoction):
c. Damp-Heat — The
Radix Pulsatillae gg invi
— Damage to the Middle Burner by Summer Cortex Fraxini gg — The
Heat and Dampness, or invasion of the Cortex Phellodendri 6g Shei
Spleen by Damp-Heat, impairs the Large Rhizoma Coptidis 4.5 g Atr;
Intestine's function of transmission. Clinical Colla Corii Asini gg Tan<L
manifestations include diarrhoea with Radix Angelicae Sinensis 9g
Qii
abdominal pain and tenesmus, a burning Radix Aucklandiae 4.5 g
sensation in the anus, foul stool with blood Rhizoma Zingiberis (charred) 3g F

or mucus, scanty, deep-yellow urine, a sticky

Fructus Crataegi (charred) 12 g F
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (prepared) 9g
yellow tongue coating and a rapid, soft h
pulse. After two doses, the abdominal pain and S
— The treatment principle is to clear Heat tenesmus were slightly improved, as was the bitter s
from the Intestines and resolve taste. All other symptoms remained unchanged. F
Dampness. Radix et Rhizoma Rhei was removed from the B
prescription.
— The recommended formula is a variation of F

Ge Gen Qin Lian Tang (Kudzu, Coptis and After three more doses, both the abdominal pain
Scutellaria Decoction), Xiang Lian Wan and tenesmus had disappeared. There was some — Moc
(Aucklandia and Coptis Pill), and Shao Yao mucus, but no blood in the stool. Her irritability and
Tang (Peony Decoction): five-palm Heat were reduced and her urine was - F
not such a deep yellow. The bitter taste persisted. 2
Radix Scutellariae lOg At this point, Rhizoma Zingiberis was removed P
Rhizoma Coptidis 3-10g from the prescription and another five doses were C
Radix Paeoniae Alba 10g prescribed.
Radix Aucklandiae - F
5g
Radix Puerariae lOg
By her next visit, her stool had become formed C
Herba Portulacae and contained no mucus, with bowel motions ai

occurring once or twice daily. Both the irritability - F

— Modifications: and the bitter taste had substantially improved, as C
had her appetite. Her tongue was red with a
- For diarrhoea, add Poria (10 g) and (1
scanty coating, and her pulse was thready and
Semen Plantaginis (10 g) (decocted rapid. The prescription was modified to clear
wrapped). e. Sple
residual pathogens as follows:
- For dysentery, add Radix Angelicae
Radix Pulsatillae — Chrc
Sinensis (10g) and Cortex Fraxini 99
Cortex Fraxini Kidn
Cortex Phellodendri inabi
- For bloody dysentery due to Fire Poison,
Rhizoma Coptidis tions
add Radix Pulsatillae (10-15 g). Colla Corii Asini
9g with
 Diseases in internal medicine 197

Radix Angelicae Sinensis 9g incontinence, cold limbs, a pale tongue and a

Radix Rehmanniae 9g deep, thready pulse.
Fructus Crataegi (stir-baked) 9g The treatment principle is to warm the
Fructus Oryzae Germinatus Kidneys and Spleen.
(stir-baked) 9g
The recommended formula is a variation of
Fructus Hordei Germinatus
Si Shen Wan (Four-Miracle Pill), Fu Zi Li
(stir-baked) 9g
Zhong Wan (Prepared Aconite Pill to
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 4.5 g
Regulate the Middle), and Zhen Ren Yang
A follow-up visit 2 years later revealed no relapse.
Zang Tang (True Man's Decoction for
Nourishing the Organs):

d. Spleen Deficiency Fructus Psoraleae lOg

Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae lOg
— Chronic diarrhoea or dysentery means Fructus Evodiae 2-3g
deficiency of Spleen Qi with impairment of Fructus Schisandrae 3-5g
the functions of transportation and transfor Fructus Chebulae 10 g

mation. Clinical manifestations include Fructus Mume 3-5g

reduced appetite, loose stool with Semen Myristicae 10 g

Cortex Aiianthi 10 g
undigested food, lassitude and anal
Rhizoma Atractylodis
prolapse.
Macrocephaiae lOg
— The treatment principle is to benefit Qi and
Rhizoma Zingiberis 2-5g
invigorate the Spleen.
— The recommended formula is a variation of Modifications:
Shen Ling Bai Zhu San (Panax-Poria-
For dysentery, add Radix Angelicae
Atractylocfes Powder) and Bu Zhong Yi Qi Sinensis (10 g) and Radix Paeoniae Alba
Tang (Tonifying the Middle and Benefiting
OOg).
Qi Decoction):
For Food Stagnation, remove Fructus
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae lOg Chebulae, Semen Myristicae and Fructus
Rhizoma Atractylodis Schisandrae from the prescription and
Macrocephaiae lOg add Fructus Aurantii Immaturus (6g),
Rhizoma Dioscoreae 10-15g Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (5-10 g) and
Semen Dolichoris 10-15g
Fructus Crataegi (10-15 g).
Semen Coicis *2g
Poria lOg
Radix Auckland iae 5g CASE STUDY 40.10
Fructus Amomi 2-3g
DIARRHOEA
(added at end of decoction)
Male, age 44
— Modifications:
The patient complained of loose stools for the past
For Spleen Yang Deficiency, add Rhizoma 6 years, with between five and ten motions each
Zingiberis (2-5 g), Radix Aconiti day. He felt more comfortable after taking warm

Praeparata (2-5 g) and Fructus Alpiniae
Oxyphyllae(lOg).
For Sinking of Central Qi, add Rhizoma
Cimicifugae (2g), Radix Bupleuri (2g)
and Radix Astragali seu Hedysari (10g ).
drinks. He had a sallow complexion, a thin, white
tongue coating and a weak-floating, thready and
rapid pulse.
Pathogenesis: Deficiency of Kidney Yang and of
the Spleen and Stomach.

For chronic dysentery, add Fructus Treatment principle: Primarily warm and invigo
Chebulae OOg) and Pericarpium Granati rate the Spleen and Kidneys and secondarily
tonify Qi and astringe the intestines.

The formula used was a variation of Four-Miracle

e. Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency
Pill and Prepared Aconite Pill to Regulate the

— Chronic dysentery leads to Spleen and Middle):

Kidney Yang Deficiency, which means an Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae

inability to digest food. Clinical manifesta (stir-baked) 9g
tions include daybreak diarrhoea, dysentery Rhizoma Atractylodis
with white mucus or undigested food, faecal Macrocephaiae (stir-baked) 12g
198 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

Rhizoma Zingiberis 3g vii. Unregulated emotions

Halloysitum Rubrum 12g — Invasion of the Spleen by Liver Qi impairs
Radix Linderae 6g the Spleen's functions of transportation and
Pericarpium Papaveris (Ying Su Ke) 9g transformation. Clinical manifestations
Fructus Evodiae 3g
include diarrhoea which is related to the
plus
patient's emotional state, stuffiness of the
Four-Miracle Pill 9g
chest, hypochondriac distension, borbo-
Powdered sulphur 0.9g
rygmus, abdominal pain immediately allevi Afte
(both to be taken separately with water)
ated by bowel motion, and a wiry pulse. freq
After 2 weeks of treatment, the frequency of bowel daili
— The treatment principle is to soothe the Liver
motions decreased, but the looseness of the stool deci
and promote the function of the Spleen.
remained unchanged. The patient also noted sufft
— The recommended formula is a variation of
stuffiness of the chest, belching, abdominal Glyc
distension and a cold sensation in the abdomen. Tong Xie Yao Fang (Important Formula for
pres

At this point, the dosage of Rhizoma Zingiberis Painful Diarrhoea):

(6g
and powdered sulphur were increased to 4.5 g addi
Radix Paeoniae Alba 10 g
and 1.5 g respectively.
Radix Ledebouriellae 5-10g Afte
After another seven doses, the frequency of the Rhizoma Atractylodis forrr
motions had further decreased, but the stool Macrocephalae 12 g (onc
remained loose, with weakness of the body and Radix Bupleuri 5g abdt
limbs, dizziness and shortness of breath, Radix Aucklandiae 5g of 41
indicating deficiency of both the Spleen and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 5g

Kidneys. Treatment was continued as follows: Fructus Mume 3g

4.5 g each of Prepared Aconite Pill to Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae lOg
Warm the Middle and Four-Miracle Pill to be Rhizoma Dioscoreae 15 g
3. VIF
taken twice daily with 0.6 g of powdered Radix Glycyrrhizae 3g
sulphur.
GENER
After another month, the stool began to be formed CASE STUDY 40.11 — Icte:
and the patient became more energetic. After a DIARRHOEA ofja
total of 3 months of treatment, all signs and
Male, age 30 fied
symptoms had disappeared.
cau;
The patient complained of loose stools for nearly 5
years, with three to five motions daily. He bod
frequently had abdominal pain before each stag
vi. Yin Deficiency
— In this pattern, long-term dysentery due to motion. Other clinical manifestations included mor

distension in the right hypochondrium and epigas case

Damp-Heat is complicated with Yin
trium which was worse after eating, poor appetite, and
Deficiency resulting from the dysentery
pallor, lassitude, aversion to cold, a pale tongue Defi
itself.
with a thin sticky coating, and a wiry pulse. X-rays
— Acu
— Clinical manifestations include chronic showed chronic colitis.
typ<
dysentery with blood and mucus in the
Pathogenesis: Hyperactivity of the Liver and Pois
stool, abdominal pain, mild tenesmus, a red
deficiency of the Spleen; Yang Deficiency of the of t
tongue with scanty moisture and a rapid,
Middle Burner. Chr.
thready pulse.
— The treatment principle is to nourish Yin, Western diagnosis: Chronic colitis Defi
clear Heat from the Intestines and stop Defi
Treatment principle: Invigorate the Spleen, calm
dysentery. and
the Liver and warm the Yang of the Middle Burner.
— The recommended formula is a variation of Kidi
The formula used was a variation of Important
Zhu Ji Wan (Zhu Ji Pill): Formula for Painful Diarrhoea and Huang Qi
Jian Zhong Tang (Astragalus Decoction to DIFFER
Rhizoma Coptidis 3-5g
Construct the Middle):
Colla Corii Asini lOg a. Rett
(melted and taken separately) Radix Astragali seu Hedysari
— Rete
Radix Sanguisorbae 10-15g (treated) 9g
Radix Angelicae Sinensis lOg Rhizoma Atractylodis the I
Radix Paeoniae Alba lOg Macrocephalae (stir-baked) 9g tatic
Fructus Mume 5g Radix Paeoniae Alba 9g deej;
Cortex Ailanthi lOg Radix Ledebouriellae (stir-baked) 15 g in t!
Semen Nelumbinis 10-15g Radix Glycyrrhizae (treated) 15g taste
 Diseases in internal medicine 199

Poria 9g sticky yellow tongue coating. This pattern is

Ramulus Cinnamomi 2.4 g often present in acute icteric hepatitis, or
Fructus Crataegi (charred) 12 g anicteric hepatitis with severe Damp-Heat.
RhizomaZingiberis (baked) 9g The treatment principle is to clear Heat,
Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae 5 pieces
eliminate Dampness, soothe the Liver and
Saccharum Granorum 120 g
invigorate the Spleen.
(taken separately with water)
The recommended formula is a variation of
After four doses, the stool become less loose and Yin Chen Hao Tang (Artemisia Yinchenhao
frequency of motions decreased to three times Decoction) and Calm the Stomach Powder:
daily. Abdominal pain before each motion
decreased and the patient felt more energetic, but Herba Artemisiae Scopariae 15 - 30 g

suffered from flatulence. At this point, Radix Fructus Gardeniae 10 g

Glycyrrhizae and Poria were removed from the Radix Bupleuri 6-10g

prescription and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Radix Scutellariae 10 g

(6 g) and roasted Radix Aucklandiae (9 g) were Rhizoma Atractylodis 5-10 g

Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis 2-5 g
added.
Poria 10 g
After seven doses of this formula, the stool was Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati 15 g
formed and frequency of motions was normal Radix et Rhizoma Rhei 5 -10 g
(once or twice daily). There was still occasional
abdominal pain, but this disappeared after a total - Modifications:
of 48 doses of the prescription.
- If Fire Poison is pronounced, add Radix
Isatidis (15 g), Folium Isatidis (15 g) and
Herba Taraxaci (15 g).
- For severe Dampness with loose stools,
3. VIRAL HEPATITIS
remove Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and
Fructus Gardeniae from the prescription
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
and add Fructus Amomi (2-3 g) (added
— Icteric hepatitis falls into the TCM category
at end of decoction), Rhizoma Zingiberis
of jaundice, while anicteric hepatitis is classi
(2-5g) and Semen Plantaginis (10g)
fied as hypochondriac pain. Viral hepatitis is
(decocted wrapped).
caused by invasion of the interior of the
body by pathogenic Damp-Heat, or by
stagnation of Liver Qi, with resultant dishar CASE STUDY 40.12
mony of the Liver and Spleen. In prolonged HEPATITIS

cases, Spleen Qi Deficiency, stagnation of Qi Male, age 35

and Blood, and Liver and Kidney Yin
This patient had had yellow skin and sciera for 2
Deficiency eventually result. weeks, with deep-yellow urine, lassitude, poor
— Acute viral hepatitis is usually of the Excess appetite, a sticky yellow tongue coating and a wiry,
type and presents as Damp-Heat, Fire rolling pulse. Liver function test showed icteric
Poison, Liver Qi Stagnation and/or invasion index 20 units and GPT 400 units.
of the Spleen and Stomach by Dampness.
Pathogenesis: Accumulation of Damp and
Chronic viral hepatitis is usually of the Heat in the Liver, Gall Bladder, Spleen and
Deficiency type and presents as Spleen Stomach, spreading the bile to the muscles and
Deficiency with stagnation of Liver Qi, Qi skin.
and Blood Stagnation and/or Liver and
Western diagnosis: Acute icteric infectious
Kidney Yin Deficiency.
hepatitis.

DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT Treatment principle: Clear Damp-Heat from the

Liver and Gall Bladder.
a. Retention of Damp-Heat
The formula used was a variation of Artemisia
— Retention of Damp-Heat causes disorders of Yinchenhao Decoction:
the Liver and Gall Bladder. Clinical manifes Herba Artemisiae Scopariae 30 g
tations include yellow sciera, yellow skin, Radix Isatidis 30 g
deep-yellow urine, distension and fullness Cortex Phellodendri 10g
in the epigastrium and abdomen, a bitter Fructus Gardeniae 10g

taste in the mouth, poor appetite and a Radix et Rhizoma Rhei 10g
200 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

Semen Plantaginis 10g

(decocted wrapped)
Zedoariae (5-10g) and I5g of Carapax
Poria Trionycis in the form of Bie Jia Jian Wan
10g
Rhizoma Alismatis (Decocted Turtle Shell Pill).
10g
Herba Taraxaci 15g
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis 39
c. Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency

After five doses, the jaundice disappeared; after — Chronic illness leads to deficiency of Blood
another 10 days of treatment, liver function and Yin, and of Liver and Kidneys. Clinical
returned to normal. Treatment was continued for manifestations include dull hypochondriac
another 2 weeks based on the principles of
pain, dizziness and vertigo, tinnitus, five-
soothing the Liver and invigorating the Spleen,
palm Heat, bleeding gums, a red, cracked
and the patient was discharged from the hospital
free of all signs and symptoms. tongue with a thin, clean coating, and a
thready, wiry pulse.
— The treatment principle is to nourish the
b. Liver Qi Stagnation and Spleen Deficiency Kidneys and Liver and harmonize the collat
erals.
— Liver Qi Stagnation and Spleen Deficiency — The recommended formula is a variation of
result in disharmony between the Liver and Linking Decoction:
Spleen. Clinical manifestations include
Radix Rehmanniae 10-15g
distending or dull pain in the costal and
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 10-15g
hypochondriac regions, percussion pain in Radix Angelicae Sinensis lOg
the Liver area, mild enlargement of the Fructus Lycii lOg
Liver, reduced appetite, lassitude, depres Radix Adenophorae 10-15g
sion or irritability and restlessness, and a Radix Ophiopogonis 10-15g
wiry pulse. This pattern is often present in Fructus Meliae Toosendan lOg
acute anicteric hepatitis or chronic hepatitis. Radix Curcumae lOg
— The treatment principle is to soothe the Fructus Aurantii
5g
Liver, relieve stagnation, benefit Qi and Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis
H
invigorate the Spleen.
— The recommended formula is a variation of — Modifications:
Xiao Yao San (Free and Relaxed Powder): For bleeding due to Heat in the Blood,
Radix Bupleuri
58
add Cortex Moutan Radicis (10g),
Radix Paeoniae Alba lOg Fructus Gardeniae (burnt) (lOg), Radix
Fructus Aurantii Rubiae (10 g) and Indigo Naturalis (5g)
5g
Rhizoma Cyperi lOg (mixed with water and taken separately).
Radix Curcumae 10 g For Spleen Deficiency, add Radix
Fructus Meliae Toosendan lOg Codonopsis Pilosuiae (10 g), Radix
Rhizoma Corydalis lOg
Astragali seu Hedysari (10-15g) and
Radix Codonopsis Pilosuiae lOg
Rhizoma Atractylodis Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Macrocephalae 10g
Poria
lOg
Radix Glycyrrhizae
4. CHOLECYSTITIS AND
— Modifications:
CHOLELITHIASIS
For Damp-Heat, add Herba Artemisiae GENERAL DESCRIPTION CASE'
Scopariae (10-15 g), Fructus Gardeniae
— The key symptom of cholecystitis and CHOLE
(10 g), Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati
cholelithiasis is right hypochondriac pain, Male, a
(15 g), Rhizoma Atractylodis (5-10g) and
which typically radiates to the shoulder and
Cortex Magnolia Officinalis (2-5g). This pal
back and may be accompanied by fever.
For Blood Stagnation, add Radix Salviae right up
— The pathogenesis of the disease is retention hospital
Miltiorrhizae (15 g), Rhizoma Ligustici
of Damp-Heat in the Interior, leading to pain wi:
Chuanxiong (10g) and Sudden Smile
disorders of the Liver and Gall Bladder. violent j
Powder (10 g).
— The treatment principle is to soothe the a bitter
For severe Blood Stagnation, add
Liver, ease the Gall Bladder, clear Heat and tion, a
Rhizoma Sparganii (5-10 g), Rhizoma
eliminate Dampness. pulse,
showed
 1 I
Diseases in interim! medicine 201

DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT

wall 0.3 cm thick and coarse, and a few pointed
a. Damp-Heat in the Liver and Gall Bladder strong light beams. Blood test showed a white
cell count of 11x107mm3, in which the
— Retention of Damp-Heat in the Interior neutrophils accounted for 80%. Body temperature
impairs the Liver's function of promoting was 38" C.
the free flow of Qi and causes disorders of Pathogenesis: Accumulation of Damp-Heat in the
the biliary tract. Clinical manifestations Liver and Gall Bladder.
include distending or colicky pain in the
Western diagnosis: Acute aggravation of chronic
right hypochondrium, which radiates to the
cholecystitis with sandy gallstones.
shoulder and back, a bitter taste in the
mouth, aversion to greasy food, nausea Treatment principle: Clear Heat, eliminate Fire,
vomiting, a sticky yellow tongue coating benefit the Gall Bladder and expel stones.
and a wiry pulse. The formula consisted of:
— The treatment principle is to soothe the
Herba Lysimachiae 30 g
Liver, ease the Gall Bladder, dear Heat and
Radix Scutellariae 15g
eliminate Dampness. Fructus Gardeniae 15g
— The recommended formula is: Radix Gentianae 6g
Radix Bupleuri Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati 15g
lOg
Fructus Aurantii or Fructus Radix et Rhizoma Rhei I2g
Aurantii Immaturus Radix Curcumae 123
5-10g
Fructus Meliae Toosendan Fructus Aurantii I2g
lOg
Rhizoma Corydalis Radix Aucklandiae 10s
lOg
Herba Artemisiae Scopariae Radix Paeoniae Rubra 12g
15-30g
Fructus Gardeniae lOg After ten doses, the fever subsided and the pain
Herba Taraxaci 15-30g improved. After another five doses, the patient
Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati lOg saw a few stones in his stool, the largest being
Radix Curcumae lOg 0.3X0.5cminsize.

— Modifications: The patient took a total of 30 doses of this

prescription, after which further ultrasound exami
For stones, add Herba Lysimachiae (15 g),
nation showed no stones and normal contraction
Spora Lygodii (15 g) (decocted wrapped), of the gall bladder.
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (5-10g) and
Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli A follow-up visit 6 months later showed no
relapse.
ttOg).
For stagnation of Qi and Blood, add
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong (10 g),
b. Shao Yang Syndrome
Radix Paeoniae Rubra (10g), Semen
Persicae (10 g) and Faeces Trogopterorum — This pattern is found in acute cholecystitis or
ao) acute exacerbations of chronic cholecystitis
- For Fire which consumes Yin, add Radix and cholelithiasis. It manifests as aversion to
Adenophorae (10 g), Radix Ophiopogonis cold, fever or alternating chills and fever,
(lOg) and Radix Paeoniae Alba (10 g). right hypochondriac pain, a bitter taste in
the mouth and nausea.
The treatment principle is to harmonize
CASE STUDY 40.13
Shao Yang, soothe the Liver and ease the
CHOLECYSTITIS AND CHOLEITHIASIS Gall Bladder.
Male, age 64 — The recommended formula is a variation of
This patient had suffered from recurrent attacks of Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Small Bupleurum
right upper abdominal pain for 10 years. He was Decoction):
hospitalized 2 days after an acute attack of Radix Bupleuri 10-15g
pain with fever. Clinical manifestations included Radix Scutellariae lOg
violent pain in the right hypochondrium, vomiting, Fructus Gardeniae lOg
a bitter taste in the mouth, yellow urine, constipa Rhizoma Pinelliae lOg
tion, a yellow tongue coating and a wiry, rapid Radix Curcumae lOg
pulse. B mode ultrasonic wave examination Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati 15g
showed the gall bladder 3.2 x5.6cm in size, its Herba Taraxaci 15 g
202 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

Modifications: Run Chang Wan (Moisten the Intestines

Pill):
- For stones or constipation, add Radix
et Rhizoma Rhei (10 g), Natrii Sulfas Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10g
(10 g) and Fructus Aurantii Immaturus Radix Rehmanniae 10-20g
Radix Scrophulariae 10-15g
(10 g).
Semen Biotae 10g
Radix Polygoni Multiflori 10-15g
Fructus Cannabis lOg
Semen Pruni lOg
5. CONSTIPATION
DIFFEF
c. Qi Deficiency
GENERAL DESCRIPTION a. Sta|
— Deficiency of Spleen Qi means weakness in
— Habitual constipation may be caused by
transportation. Clinical manifestations — Staj
dryness of the Large Intestine due to Liver
include constipation, reduced appetite and and
Fire, deficiency of Blood and Body Fluids,
lassitude. The
deficiency of Qi and/or deficiency of Yang.
— The treatment principle is to benefit Qi, che:
invigorate the Spleen, moisten the intestines be i
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
and relieve constipation. tion
a. Dryness of the Large Intestine due to Liver — The recommended formula is: the
Fire incl
Rhizoma Atractylodis
lips
— Hyperactivity of Liver Fire consumes Body Macrocephalae 15-20 g
spo
Fluids and dries the Large Intestine. Clinical Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae 10 g
Radix Rehmanniae 15 g
hesi
manifestations include constipation,
Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g — The
irritability, restlessness, headache, red eyes
Semen Biotae 10 g circ
and a red tongue with yellow coating.
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus 6g and
— The treatment principle is to clear Liver Heat
— The
and moisten the Large Intestine.
d. Yang Deficiency Xue
— The recommended formula is a variation of
Klir
Dang Gui Long Hui Wan (Angelica, Gentian — Kidney Yang Deficiency results in a lack of
and Aloe Pill) and Geng Yi Wan (Pill Body Fluids and Blood in the intestinal tract. F

This pattern occurs most often in the elderly. F

Requiring a Change of Clothes):
F
Clinical manifestations include constipation,
Radix Gentianae 2-3g S
cold limbs, a pale tongue and a deep and
Fructus Gardeniae lOg F
Radix Angelicae Sinensis lOg
thready pulse.
F
Radix Rehmanniae 10-20g — The treatment principle is to warm the F
Aloe lg Kidneys and relieve constipation. F
(ground to a powder and taken as a — The recommended formula is: P
capsule) F
Herba Cistanchis 10 g
Semen Cassiae
Semen Juglandis 10-15g Mck
Radix Polygoni Multiflori 10-15 g
b. Dryness of the Large Intestine due to Radix Angelicae Sinensis lOg - F
deficiency of Body Fluids and Blood. Herba Cynomorii 10 g S
Fructus Cannabis 10g 2
— Deficiency of Body Fluids and Blood -
- Ii
whether constitutional, as in old age, or as
F-
the result of a serious illness - causes
/
dryness of the Large Intestine and leads to
- F
constipation. Clinical manifestations include C. Cardiovascular disease
constipation, dry mouth, a pale tongue or a
red tongue with scanty moisture, and a
1. CORONARY HEART DISEASE
thready hesitant pulse.
— The treatment principle is to nourish Blood GENERAL DESCRIPTION
b. Stag
and Yin, moisten the Large Intestine and — Coronary heart disease is classified in TCM
relieve constipation. as Chest Bi syndrome, palpitation or real — Rete
— The recommended formula is a variation of cardiac pain. The Excess type of the disease bloc
 Diseases in internal medicine 203

is caused by stagnation of Qi and Blood and Clinical manifestations include a sensation

retention of Phlegm; these factors block of suffocation or tightness in the chest,
Chest Yang and lead to disorders of the paroxysmal pain in the heart, obesity, a
cardiac vessels. The Deficiency type is purple tongue with a sticky white coating,
caused by deficiency of the Heart, Spleen, and a wiry, rolling pulse.
Liver and Kidneys. Complicated cases of The treatment principle is to eliminate
combined Excess and Deficiency are often Phlegm, invigorate Yang, resolve Blood
seen clinically. Stasis and remove obstruction from the
vessels.
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT The recommended formula is a variation of
Gua Lou Xie Bai Ban Xia Tang (Trkhosanthes-
a. Stagnation of Qi and Blood
AHium-Pinellia Decoction):
— Stagnant Blood blocks the circulation of Qi
Fructus Trichosanthis 15g
and causes disorders of the cardiac vessels.
Bulbus Allii Macrostemi lOg
The key symptom is intermittent stabbing Rhizoma Pinelliae lOg
chest pain which is fixed in location and may Fructus Aurantii Imma turns 5-10 g
be accompanied by a sensation of suffoca Ramulus Cinnamomi 2-5 g
tion; in severe cases, the pain may radiate to Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae
«8
the back. Other clinical manifestations Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong lOg
include sweating, cold limbs, cyanosis of the Radix Curcumae lOg

lips, a purple or dull tongue with purple Modifications:

spots and thin, white coating, and a wiry,
hesitant or intermittent pulse. - If Phlegm turns to Heat, manifesting as
— The treatment principle is to activate Blood thirst, irritability, restlessness and a red
circulation and resolve Stasis, regulate Qi tongue with yellow coating, remove
and remove obstruction from the vessels. Ramulus Cinnamomi from the prescrip
— The recommended formula is a variation of tion and add Rhizoma Coptidis (2-3 g)
Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang (Blood Mansion and Arisaema cum Bile (10 g).
Eliminating Stasis Decoction):

Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae 15g CASE STUDY 40.14

Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong lOg CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Radix Angelicae Sinensis lOg Male, age 54
Semen Persicae lOg
Flos Carthami 5-10g This patient complained of chest pain radiating
Radix Curcumae lOg to the back, shoulder and neck. He had shortness
Rhizoma Corydalis lOg of breath, especially when lying down, and
Resina Olibani 2-5 g expectorated a small amount of white sputum. His
Resina Myrrhae 2-5 g tongue was pale with purple spots and a
Faeces Trogopterorum lOg sticky white coating; his pulse was wiry and
thready.
— Modifications:
Pathogenesis: Deficiency of Chest Yang and
- For severe Blood Stasis, add Rhizoma retardation of Qi, complicated with retention of
Sparganii (5-10g) and Rhizoma Turbid Phlegm (Chest Bi syndrome).
Zedoariae (5-10 g).
Western diagnosis: Coronary heart disease
- If signs of Cold are pronounced, add
Ramulus Cinnamomi (2-5 g) and Radix Treatment principle: Invigorate Yang with
pungent and warm herbs; regulate Qi and open
Aconiti Praeparata (2-5 g).
the chest.
- For Qi Deficiency, add Radix Ginseng
(5-10g) or Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae The formula used was a variation of
(15 g), and Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Trichosanthes-Allium-Pinellia Decoction and
Styrax Pill:
05g).
Fructus Trichosanthis 9g
in
b. Stagnation of Phlegm and Blood Bulbus Allii Macrostemi
(stir-baked in wine) 12g
— Retention of Turbid Phlegm in the Interior Rhizoma Pinelliae (ginger-treated) 9g
blocks Chest Yang and the blood vessels. Radix Curcumae 9g
204 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

Lignum Santalum 1-5g The treatment principle is to benefit Qi,

2. PALP
(added at end) nourish Yin, remove obstruction from the
plus vessels and soothe the Heart. GENERA
Sty rax Pin 1 pill The recommended formula is a variation of — The t
(taken separately with water) Sheng Mai Yin (Generating the Pulse whicr
After administration of two doses, the chest pain Decoction) and Zhi Gan Cao Tang Const
disappeared, but the patient still felt a sensation of (Glycyrrhiza Decoction): Yang
pressure in the chest. After taking another five depri-
Radix Ginseng 5-10g
doses, all symptoms had disappeared. emoti
or Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae 15g
thinki
Radix Pseudostellariae 15g
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari 12g palpit
c. Yin Deficiency
Radix Ophiopogonis 15g invasi
— Heart and Kidney Yin Deficiency leads to Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati 15g factor
Liver Yang Rising. Clinical manifestations Fructus Schisandrae 5g and b]
include a feeling of suffocation, cardiac pain, Radix Glycyirhizae (treated) 5S
dizziness, tinnitus, thirst, a red tongue and a Radix Polygoni Multiflori 15g
DIFFERED
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae 15g
thready, wiry pulse.
Semen Ziziphi Spinosae lug a. Heart
— The treatment principle is to nourish Yin,
Semen Biotae lug
calm the Liver, soothe the Heart and remove — Defici
Os Draconis 15g
obstruction from the vessels. Spleer
(decocted first)
— The recommended formula is a variation of ment.
Qi jii Di Huang Wan (Lycium Fruit, — Modifications:
tation,
Chrysanthemum and Rehmannia Pill): - For pronounced deficiency of Heart Qi spont;

Radix Polygoni Multiflori with symptoms of spontaneous sweating memo

(treated) 15g and an intermittent pulse, increase the tongui

Fructus Lycii 15g dosage of Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata — The tr<
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15g to 10 g and add Ramulus Cinnamomi and S]
Fructus Corni 10g Mind.
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae 15g — The re
Radix Paeoniae Alba lOg
Cui
— Modifications: e. Yang Deficiency Decoc

- For hypertension with symptoms of — This pattern is due to Heart and Kidney Rad

Yang Deficiency, and deficiency of Heart Qi. Rad

dizziness, vertigo and red eyes, add
Clinical manifestations include palpitation, Rad
Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis (10-15 g)
Fru<
{added at end of decoction), Rhizoma shortness of breath, a feeling of suffocation,
Rad
Gastrodiae (10 g), Cortex Moutan Radicis cardiac pain, lumbar soreness, lassitude,
Rad
(10 g), Spica Prunellae (15 g) and Concha aversion to cold, cold limbs, pallor, a pale or
Aril
Haliotidis (15 g) (decocted first). purplish tongue and a deep, thready or Sem
- For Heart Yin Deficiency with symptoms intermittent pulse. Sem
of restlessness and insomnia, add — The treatment principle is to benefit Qi, Osl

Radix Ophiopogonis (15 g), Fructus warm Yang and remove obstruction from (d

Schisandrae (3 g), Semen Ziziphi Spinosae the vessels.

— Modifi
(lOg) and Os Draconis (15g) (decocted — The recommended formula is Sfteti Fit Tang

first). (Panax-Aconitum Decoction) with - For

additions: Opr
Pol;
d. Deficiency of both Qi and Yin Radix Ginseng lOg
- For
Radix Aconiti Praeparata 5g
— Heart Qi Deficiency causes disorders of the reta
Ramulus Cinnamomi 5g
cardiac vessels while deficiency of Yin and
Rhizoma Zingiberis 5g vess
Blood leads to restlessness. Clinical manifes Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15g and
tations include palpitation, shortness of Herba Epimedii 10g Glyi
breath, a feeling of suffocation, lassitude, Radix MorindaeOfficinalis 10 g
cardiac pain, a red tongue with tooth-prints, Radix Glycyrrhizae (treated) 5g
b. Yin De
and a thready and rapid or weak pulse, or an Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae 15g
intermittent pulse. Fructus Schisandrae 5g — Heart <
 Diseases in internal medicine

2. PALPITATION Empty Fire, which then disturbs the Heart

GENERAL DESCRIPTION and Mind. Clinical manifestations include
— The term palpitation refers to arrhythmia, palpitation which is aggravated by mental
which can derive from a variety of causes. and emotional stress, restlessness, insomnia,
Constitutional deficiency of Qi, Blood, Yin or dizziness, tinnitus, a flushed face, a red
tongue with yellow coating, and a thready,
Yang can produce palpitation as the Heart is rapid pulse.
deprived of nourishment. Mental and
emotional excesses such as worry, over- - The treatment principle is to nourish Yin,
thinking, fear and fright can also produce reduce Fire, soothe the Heart and calm the
Mind.
palpitation. A third possible cause is
invasion of the Heart by external pathogenic ■ The recommended formula is a variation of
factors, which consumes Heart Qi and Yin Turn Wang Bu Xin Dan (Heavenly Emperor
Tonifying the Heart Pill):
and blocks the cardiac vessels.
Radix Rehmanniae 15g
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT Radix Ophiopogonis
«g
Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati 15g
a. Heart and Spleen Deficiency Rhizoma Coptidis 2-3g
Fructus Gardeniae lOg
— Deficiency of Heart Blood and Qi, and of
Fructus Schisandrae
Spleen Qi, deprives the Heart of nourish 5g
Semen Ziziphi Spinosae lOg
ment. Clinical manifestations include palpi Semen Biotae lOg
tation, restlessness, shortness of breath, Magnetitum 15-30g
spontaneous sweating, lassitude, poor (decocted first)
memory, insomnia, pallor, a slightly red Os Draconis
15g
tongue and a thready, weak pulse. (decocted first)
— The treatment principle is to tonify the Heart Poria cum Ligno Hospite
(Cinnabaris coated)
and Spleen, soothe the Heart and calm the lOg
Mind. — Modifications:
— The recommended formula is a variation of
Gui Pi Tang (Tonifying the Spleen - For Kidney Yin Deficiency, add Radix
Decoction): Rehmanniae Praeparata (15g), Rhizoma
Anemarrhenae (10 g) and Plastrum
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae lOg Testudinis (15g) (decocted first).
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari lOg - For Liver Yang Rising, add Concha
Radix Glycyrrhizae (treated) 3g
Fructus Schisandrae Ostreae (15-20g) (decocted first), Cortex
3-5g
Radix Angelicae Sinensis Moutan Radicis (10g) and Flos
lOg
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata Chrysanthemi(lOg).
lOg
Arillus Longan 10-15g
Semen Biotae c Phlegm-Fire
lOg
Semen Ziziphi Spinosae lOg
Os Draconis 15g
— Phlegm-Fire disturbs the Heart and Mind.
(decocted first) Clinical manifestations include palpitation
which is likely to be induced by anxiety or
— Modifications:
fright, stuffiness of the chest, restlessness,
- For Heart Yin Deficiency, add Radix insomnia, dream-disturbed sleep, thick
Ophiopogonis (15 g) and Rhizoma sticky sputum, a sticky yellow tongue
PolygonatiOdorati(15g). coating and a rapid, rolling pulse.
- For an intermittent pulse, suggesting — The treatment principle is to clear Fire,
retarded blood circulation in the cardiac resolve Phlegm, soothe the Heart and calm
vessels, add Ramulus Cinnamomi (5g) the Mind.
and increase the dosage of Radix — The recommended formula is a variation of
Glycyrrhizae to 10 g. Wen Dan Tang (Wanning the Gall Bladder
Decoction):
b. Yin Deficiency with Empty Fire Rhizoma Coptidis 2-3 g
Fructus Gardeniae
— Heart and Kidney Yin Deficiency produces lOg
Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam JOg
 Piirf 5; The treatment of common diseases

Arisaema cum Bile 10g Stasis, remove obstruction from the vessels dog),
Rhizoma Pineiliae (treated with Succus and soothe the Heart. Plantag
Bambusae) lOg
The recommended formula is a variation of For defi
Poria lOg
Blood Mansion Eliminating Stasis Radix
Frucrus Aurantii Immahirus 5g Decoction: Paeonia
Radix Polygalae lOg
Semen Ziziphi Spinosae lOg Radix Angelicae Sinensis lOg
Polygor
Cortex Albiziae 15g Radix Paeoniae Rubra lOg
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae 15g
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 10 g
Semen Persicae lOg
CASE STUDY 40.15
PALPITATION
Flos Carthami 5-10g D. Disea
Radix Curcumae lOg
Male, age 53 system
Poria cum Ligno Hospite lOg
This patient complained of frequent episodes of Succinum 2g
palpitations, which could become very severe at (ground to a powder and taken 1. ACUTE Al
times; he had also suffered from dizziness, blurred separately)

vision, timidity and insomnia over the past 3 Os Draconis 15g GENERAL DES

months. Other clinical manifestations included Semen Biotae lOg — The oedem
profuse sputum, poor appetite, hypertension into the TC
(160/100), a white sticky tongue coating and a wiry e. Heart Yang Deficiency other stage;
pulse. consumptic
— Deficiency of Heart Qi and Yang allows the
nephritis i
Pathogenesis: Disturbance by Phlegm-Heat in Heart and Mind to be disturbed. Clinical
the Interior. Wind, inw
manifestations include palpitation which is
Dampness,
Western diagnosis: Hypertension worse on exertion, shortness of breath,
causes incl
stuffiness of the chest, aversion to cold, cold
Treatment principle: Clear Heat, resolve Phlegm Spleen and
limbs, dizziness, a pale tongue and a deep,
and calm the Mind with heavy substances. passages,
thready or intermittent pulse.
The formula used was a variation of Warming the Water and
— The treatment principle is to warm Yang,
Gall Bladder Decoction and Magnetite and Water meta
benefit Qi, soothe the Heart and calm the
Cinnabar Pill:
Mind. the root a
Kidneys.
Rhizoma Pineiliae — The recommended formula is a combination
(ginger-treated) 9g of Panax-Aconitum Decoction and Gui Zhi
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 4.5 g DIFFERENTIAT
Gan Cao Long Gu Mu Li Tang (Cinnamon
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus Twig, Licorice, Dragon Bone and Oyster a. Wind-Wate
(stir-baked) 4.5 g
Shell Decoction), with additions:
Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam 9g — Invasion of
Poria 9g Radix Aconiti Praeparata 3-5 g
' impairs the
Os Draconis 15 g Ramulus Cinnamomi 5g
the water
Concha Ostreae 30 g Radix Ginseng 5-10 g
combine to
(decocted first) or Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae 15 g
which is m<
Rhizoma Arisaematis (prepared) 4.5 g Astragali seu Hedysari 15 g
Radix Glycyrrhizae (treated) 5g face; pittir
Radix Glycyrrhizae (treated) 3g
plus Fructus Schisandrae 5g pressure is :
Magnetite and Cinnabar Pill 4,5 g Os Draconis 15 g tations incl
(decocted first) cough, dysj
After ten doses of this prescription, all symptoms
Concha Ostreae 20 g cold.
had disappeared.
(decocted first) — The treatme
— Modifications: promote tr

d. Stagnation of Heart Blood Lungs and{

- For retention of Phlegm and Fluid, add
— The recomrr
— Stagnant Qi and Blood blocks the cardiac Poria (lOg), Rhizoma Pineiliae (lOg),
Herba Epl
vessels. Clinical manifestations include Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Radix Led
palpitation, a feeling of suffocation, intermit (10 g) and Rhizoma Alismatis (10 g).
Folium Pe
tent boring chest pain, a purple tongue or a - For oedema, remove Fructus
Ramulus (
tongue with purple spots, and a hesitant or Schisandrae, Os Draconis and Concha Semen An
intermittent pulse. Ostreae from the prescription and add Radix Plat
— The treatment principle is to resolve Blood Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae Polyporus
 Diseases in internal medicine 207

(lOg), Poria (10g) and Semen Poria lOg

Plantaginis (10 g) (decocted wrapped). Semen Plantaginis lOg
For deficiency of both Yin and Yang, add (decocted wrapped)
Radix Ophiopogonis (15 g), Radix
— Modifications:
Paeoniae Alba (10 g) and Rhizoma
Polygonati Odorati (15 g). - If cough and dyspnoea are
pronounced, add Cortex Mori Radicis
(10 g) and Semen Lepidii seu
Descurainiae (6 g).
- For inward transmission of Wind-Heat
D. Diseases of the urogenital and Dampness with symptoms of sore
system throat and oozing skin ulcers, remove
Ramuius Cinnamomi from the prescrip
tion and add Fructus Forsythiae (10 g),
1. ACUTE AND CHRONIC NEPHRITIS Semen Phaseoli (15 g), Cortex
GENERAL DESCRIPTION Phellodendri (10 g) and Herba Violae
(15 g).
— The oedematous stage of acute nephritis falls
into the TCM category of oedema while the
other stages of the disease are categorized as b. Spleen Deficiency and invasion of
consumption. The external causes of Dampness
nephritis include invasion of pathogenic
— Invasion of the Spleen by Cold-Damp
Wind, inward transmission of Water and
impairs the functions of transportation and
Dampness, and Damp toxins. Internal
transformation. Clinical manifestations
causes include dysfunction of the Lungs,
include oedema of the face, limbs and body,
Spleen and Kidneys in regulating the water
distension and fullness in the epigastrium
passages, transporting and transforming
and abdomen, reduced appetite, loose stool,
Water and Dampness, and dominating
sallow complexion, lassitude, a sticky white
Water metabolism respectively. In any case,
tongue coating and a soft or deep, thready,
the root cause of the disease lies in the
weak pulse.
Kidneys.
— The treatment principle is to invigorate the
Spleen, resolve Dampness and promote
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
diuresis.
a. Wind-Water — The recommended formula is a variation of
Wei Ling San (Calm the Stomach and Poria
— Invasion of the Lungs by pathogenic Wind
Decoction) and Wu Pi San (Five-Peel
impairs the Lungs' function of regulating
Powder):
the water passages. Wind and Water
combine to produce oedema of sudden onset Rhizoma Atractylodis 5-10g
which is more pronounced in the head and Rhizoma Atractylodis
face; pitting disappears quickly when Macrocephalae lOg
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis 2-3 g
pressure is removed. Other clinical manifes
Ramuius Cinnamomi 2-5g
tations include scanty urine, and possibly
Poria lOg
cough, dyspnoea and aversion to wind or
Polyporus Umbellatus lOg
cold.
Rhizoma Alismatis lOg
— The treatment principle is to eliminate Wind, Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae lOg
promote the dispersing function of the Pericarpium Arecae lOg
Lungs and promote diuresis. Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 5g
— The recommended formula is:
Modifications:
Herba Ephedrae 3-10 g
Radix Ledebouriellae - For Qi Deficiency with sponta
10g
Folium Perillae neous sweating and aversion to Wind,
3g
Ramuius Cinnamomi 5g add (raw) Radix Astragali seu Hedysari
Semen Armeniacae Amarum lOg (10 g) and Radix Ledebouriellae
Radix Platycodi 5g dOg).
Polyporus Umbellatus lOg - For cough, dyspnoea and oedema of the
208 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

The
upper body, add Semen Lepidii seu CASE STUDY 40.16
Zhi
Descurainiae (6g), Semen Armeniacae NEPHRITIS
Phe]
Amarum (10 g) and Herba Ephedrae Male, age 35
(3-5 g). R
This patient presented with oedema of the face R
- For abdominal distension and fullness, a
and lower limbs, pallor, palpitation and shortness F
sensation of heat, restlessness, thirst and of breath on exertion, lumbar soreness and a R
constipation, remove Ramulus bearing-down sensation in the anus. He had a S.
Cinnamomi from the prescription and white tongue coating and a weak-floating and R
add Semen Zanthoxyli (3g), Semen thready pulse. C
Lepidii seu Descurainiae (6g) and Radix C
Pathogenesis: Spleen and Kidney Deficiency
et Rhizoma Rhei (5 g). resulting in retention of Water and Damp which R
spread to the muscles. R
NB: If the patient's blood pressure is high,
P
Herba Ephedrae should not be used in the Western diagnosis: Acute aggravation of chronic
treatment of the two patterns discussed nephritis
above. Treatment principle: Invigorate the Spleen and 2. URI
Kidneys' function of controlling Water and Damp. URI
c. Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency The formula used was a variation of Five 'Ling'
GENER,
Powder and Five-Peel Powder:
— Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency means — Urin
an inability to resolve Water and Dampness. Ramulus Cinnamomi 3g are *

This is a chronic pattern, and clinical Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 9g bane

manifestations include pitting oedema Polyporus Umbellatus I5g
due
which is more pronounced in the lower Poria (with skin) 30 g
urin,
body, lumbar soreness, cold limbs, lassitude,
Rhizoma Alismatis 9g
the i
Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae 9g
pallor, a pale tongue and a deep, thready cult
Pericarpium Arecae 9g
pulse. thef
Peel of Rhizoma Zingiberis
— The treatment principle is to warm the Recens 4.5g the t
Kidneys, invigorate the Spleen and promote with
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis 3g
diuresis. Red bean 15g is to
— The recommended formula is a variation Heaf
After administration of ten doses, the oedema had
of Fu Zi Li Zhong Wan (Prepared Aconite
lessened markedly. Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis
Pill to Regulate the Middle) and Wu was then removed from the prescription and Qi DIFFERI
Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with and Yang tonics such as Radix Astragali seu
a. Dan*
Poria): Hedysari, Radix Aconiti Praeparata and Rhizoma
2-5 g
Atractylodis Macrocephalae were added. — Dow
Radix Aconiti Praeparata
Ramulus Cinnamomi 2-5 g Treated was continued for over 2 months, by imp;
Rhizoma Zingiberis 2-5 g which time the oedema had subsided; lumber urim
Rhizoma Atractylodis soreness, palpitations and dyspnoea had freqi
Macrocephalae lOg improved as well and the patient was in better urin;
Poria lOg spirits. beari
Polyporus Umbellatus lOg
abdc
Rhizoma Alismatis lOg
rapic
Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae lOg
d. Kidney Deficiency and retention of Damp-
pain,
Herba Leonuri 10-15g
Heat bitte
Modifications: — The
— Deficiency of Kidney Yin encourages the
retention of Damp-Heat. Clinical manifesta elimi
For Qi Deficiency, add (raw) Radix
tions include absence of oedema or indis — The
Astragali seu Hedysari (12 g).
tinct oedema, lumbar soreness, weak limbs, Ba :
If oedema is not present, remove
dizziness and vertigo, tinnitus, five-palm Rect
the diuretic herbs and add Radix
Rehmanniae Praeparata (10 g), Semen Heat, scanty deep-yellow urine, a red tongue C;
Cuscutae (15g), Rhizoma Dioscoreae with a slightly sticky, thin, yellow coating, G
(15 g) and Radix Morindae Officinalis and a deep and thready or rapid pulse. Fr

(10 g) to tonify the Spleen and — The treatment principle is to nourish the R;

Kidneys and clear Damp-Heat. Hi

Kidneys.
 Diseases in internal medicine

— The recommended formula is a variation of Herba Plantaginis

Zht Bai Di Huang Wan (Anemarrhena, Semen Plantaginis
Phellodendron and Rehmannia Pill): (decoded wrapped)
Radix Rehmanniae ic_ Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati
Talcum
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15g lOg
Fructus Corni Radix Glycyrrhizae (raw)
lOg
Rhizoma Dioscoreae Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
15g
Semen Cuscutae 15g — Modifications:
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae lOg
Cortex Phellodendri lOg - For fever and aversion to cold, add Radix
Cortex Moutan Radicis lOg Bupleuri (10-15g) and Radix Scutellariae
Rhizoma Alismatis lOg (lOg).
Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae
Poria
lOg For distending pain in the lower
lOg abdomen, add Radix Linderae (10 g) and
Fructus Meliae Toosendan (lOg).
If Damp-Heat injures Yin, remove Radix
2. URINARY TRACT INFECTION AND et Rhizoma Rhei from the prescription
URINARY LITHIASIS
and add Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (lOg).
GENERAL DESCRIPTION For haematuria, add Radix Rubiae (12g)
— Urinary tract infection and urinary lithiasis and Herba Cephalanoploria (15 g).
are categorized in TCM as 'urinary distur For urolithiasis, add Folium Pyrrosiae
bance'; this category includes disturbance (12g), Herba Lysimachiae (15-30g) and
due to strain, urolithiasis, dysfunction of the Spora Lygodii (15 g) (decocted
wrapped).
urinary bladder, chyluria or haemaruria. If
the primary symptom is lumbago, and diffi
cult or painful urination is not pronounced,
the pattern is categorized as lower back pain,' CASE STUDY 40.17
the cause is Kidney Deficiency complicated URINARY TRACT INFECTION
with Damp-Heat and the treatment principle Female, age 31
is to tonify the Kidneys and clear Damp-
Heat. r 5 days previously, this patient had experienced
sudden distending pain in the lower abdomen with
urgency, frequency and burning pain on urination
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT Her urine was deep-yellow in colour and she
a. Damp-Heat passed urine more than 20 times daily. The pain
radiated from the umbilicus down to the urethra
— Downward movement of Damp-Heat and the middle of the lower abdomen was tender'
impairs the bladder's function of controlling Unnalysis showed yellow and mildly turbid urine, a
urine. Clinical manifestations include small amount of protein, white blood cells ++'+
frequent, urgent, dribbling and/or painful and red blood cells ++. Urine culture revealed
Escherichia coli.
urination with a burning sensation, a
bearing-down sensation in the lower Pathogenesis: Downward movement of Damp-
Heat.
abdomen, a sticky tongue coating and a soft,
rapid pulse. There may also be low back Western diagnosis: Acute cystitis
pain, aversion to cold, fever, thirst and a
bitter taste in the mouth. Treatment principle: Clear Damp and Heat.
— The treatment principle is to clear Heat, The prescription used consisted of:
eliminate Dampness and ease urination. Radix Rehmanniae 12 q
— The recommended formula is a variation of Cortex Phellodendri gg
Ba Zheng San (Eight-Herb Powder for Herba Dianthi <■> -
g
Rectification): Caulis Akebiae
eg
Semen Plantaginis
Caul is Akebiae 2-5 g Herba Polygoni Avicularis
Cortex Phellodendri lOg
g
Fructus Gardeniae (raw) 9g
Fructus Gardeniae lOg Talcum
Radix Rehmanniae lOg
9g
Radix Glycyrrhizae (tips only) 4.5 g
Herba Dianthi lOg Medulla Junci (Deng Xin Cao) bundles
210 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

Succinum 6g Fr
3. SPERMATORRHOEA, IMPOTENCE Fr
(to be taken separately with
AND INFERTILITY Se
water three times daily)

After two doses, the pain on urination disappeared GENERAL DESCRIPTION

and frequency decreased from more than 20 times — Spermatorrhoea is caused by a dysfunction
to 10 times daily. There was still some mild of the Kidneys in storing Essence. There are -—Mod:
distending pain and tenderness in the lower two types. Nocturnal emission is often of the
- Fc
abdomen. Urinalysis showed clear, yellow urine Excess type and is caused by disturbance of
ar
with a small quantity of white blood cells. the seminal chamber by Heart and Kidney
ar
The same prescription was continued, and after Fire or by Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner;
another three doses all symptoms had disap the treatment principle is primarily to clear
b. Dow
peared and urinalysis was normal. Fire or Heat. Spontaneous emission is often
of the Deficiency type and is caused by — This
weakness of the seminal gate due to Kidney Livei
b. Spleen and Kidney Deficiency Deficiency; the treatment principle is to Burn,
tonify the Kidneys and consolidate the nocti
— Long-term urinary infection and urinary
Essence. impo
lithiasis leads to Spleen Deficiency, Sinking
— Impotence is usually caused by decline of dam[
of Spleen Qi and weakness of Kidney Qi.
Ming Men Fire; in some patients it is the foul
Clinical manifestations include recurrent
result of downward movement of Damp- soren
episodes of difficult and dribbling urine
Heat causing relaxation of the penis. limbs
with haematuria, lumbar soreness and
— Female infertility results from deficiency of and ;
listlessness. Aggravations are often induced
Essence and Blood with stagnation of Cold pulse
by overwork or stress. If there is concurrent
in the uterus, or from Damp-Heat in the — The
Yin Deficiency, symptoms will also include
Lower Burner, stagnation of Liver Qi or elimi:
restlessness, five-palm Heat or low-grade
retention of Phlegm-Damp. The treatment — Ther
fever, and tidal flushing of the face.
principles are accordingly to provide Long
— The treatment principle is primarily to
warmth and tonify Essence, to clear Heat theL
benefit Qi and tonify the Kidneys and secon
and eliminate Dampness, to relieve stagna
darily to clear Damp-Heat. Ra
tion of Liver Qi and regulate menstruation
Co
— The recommended formula for Spleen
or to dry Dampness and resolve Phlegm. Co
Deficiency is a variation of Tonifying the
Ra
Middle and Benefiting Qi Decoction:
Fn
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae lOg Ca
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari lOg a. Yin Deficiency with Empty Fire Rh
Rhizoma Atractylodis Ra.
Macrocephalae lOg — The seminal chamber is disturbed by Empty Rh
Rhizoma Cimicifugae 3g Fire due to Kidney Yin Deficiency, or by Set
Radix Bupleuri 3g Heart Fire. Clinical manifestations include Rh
Radix Dipsaci lOg nocturnal emissions with dreams, excessive
Semen Astragali Complanati 15g erection or premature ejaculation, tinnitus,
Poria lOg CASE
lumbar soreness, restlessness and insomnia.
Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae lOg IMPOT
— The treatment principle is to nourish Yin and
Male,.
The recommended formula for Kidney Yin reduce Fire.
Deficiency is a variation of Anemarrhena, — The recommended formula is a variation of For o\
Phellodendron and Rehmannia Pill: Anemarrhena, Phellodendron and impote
Rehmannia Pill: had ye
Radix Dipsaci lOg
yellow
Cortex Eucommiae lOg Radix Rehmanniae 15 g
Radix Rehmanniae 15g Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15g Patriot
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae lOg Fructus Corni 10-15 g Yang,
Cortex Phellodendri lOg Fructus Ligustri Lucidi 10 g Damp-
Fructus Rosae Laevigatae lOg Rhizoma Dioscoreae 15 g
Treatrt
Semen Cuscutae 15g Cortex Moutan Radicis 10 g
and cte
Fructus Schisandrae 2g Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 10 g
Rhizoma Alismatis lOg Cortex Phellodendri 10 g The fo
Cortex Moutan Radicis lOg Fructus Rosae Laevigatae 10 g the Rlc
 Diseases in internal medicine 211

lOg Radix Rehmanniae 12 g

Fructus Rubi
5g Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 12 g
Fructus Schisandrae
Semen Ziziphi Spinosae lOg Semen Cuscutae 12 g
15g Radix Dipsaci 10 g
Os Draconis
(decoded first)
Radix Morindae Officinalis 10 g
Herba Epimedii 15 g
Modifications: Herba Cynomorii 15 g
Cortex Moutan Radicis 8g
- For hyperactivity of Empty Kidney Fire
Cortex Phellodendri 10 g
and Heart Fire, add Rhizoma Coptidis
Rhizoma Alismatis 10 g
and Radix Gentianae.
After ten doses, the impotence was improved;
after another five doses, it was cured.
b. Downward movement of Damp-Heat

— This pattern is caused by Damp-Heat in the

Liver channel moving down to the Lower
Burner. Clinical manifestations include c. Decline of Ming Men Fire
nocturnal emission with or without dreams, — Decline of the Fire of Ming Men due to
impotence, premature ejaculation,
Kidney Deficiency means insufficient
dampness of the scrotum, thick yellow and Essence and Blood. Clinical manifestations
foul leucorrhoea, lower abdominal pain, include spontaneous emission, thin clear
soreness and sluggishness of the lower and cold semen, impotence, a prolonged
limbs, a sticky yellow tongue coating menstrual cycle with scanty flow,
and a wiry and rolling or soft and rapid hyposexuality, sore and weak lumbar
pulse. region and knees, aversion to cold, cold
— The treatment principle is to clear Heat, limbs, a pale tongue and a deep, thready
eliminate Dampness and reduce Liver Fire.
pulse.
— The recommended formula is a variation of — The treatment principle is to warm and
long Dan Xie Gan Tang (Gentiana Draining tonify Ming Men, invigorate Yang and
the Liver Decoction):
benefit Essence.
Radix Gentianae 2-5 g — The recommended formula is a variation of
Cortex Moutan Radicis lOg You Gui Wan (Restoring the Right [Kidney]
Cortex Phellodendri lOg
Pill):
Radix Bupleuri 5g
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 10-20g
Fructus Gardeniae lOg
2-5 g Fructus Corni 15 g
Caulis Akebiae
Fructus Lycii 10-15g
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae lOg
Herba Epimedii lOg
Radix Atractylodis 5g
Herba Cistanchis lOg
Rhizoma Alismatis 10 g
Semen Cuscutae 15g
Semen Plantaginis lOg
Radix Morindae Officinalis lOg
Rhizoma Dioscoreae Septemlobae 10 g
Fructus Schisandrae 5g
Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum 1-3 g
(ground to powder and taken
CASE STUDY 40.18
separately)
IMPOTENCE

Male, age 40 Modifications:

For over a year this patient had suffered from
impotence, lumbar soreness and weak legs. He
had yellow urine, a red tongue with a thick, sticky
yellow coating, and a rapid, wiry pulse.
Pathogenesis: Deficiency of Kidney Yin and
Yang, complicated with downward movement of
Damp-Heat.
Treatment principle: Tonify Kidney Yin and Yang
and clear Damp-Heat.
The formula used was a variation of Restoring
the Right Pill:
For spermatorrhoea, add Fructus Rosae
Laevigatae (12 g), Stamen Nelumbinis
(lOg) and Os Draconis (15g) (decocted
first).
For infertility due to retention of Cold in
the uterus, add Radix Angelicae Sinensis
(lOg), Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong
(6g), Cortex Eucommiae (12 g), Colla
Corii Asini (10 g) (melted and taken
separately) and Folium Artemisiae Argyi
dOg).
212
Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

d. Retention of Phlegm-Damp
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
— Obesity produces Phlegm-Damp in the
a. Wind, Cold and Dampness
Interior, which blocks Qi and hinders the
Chong and Ren channels. This is a common — When body resistance is weak, pathogenic
cause of female infertility. Clinical manifes Wind, Cold and Dampness are able to
tations include prolonged menstrual cycle invade the channels and collaterals, thus
with scanty pale and thin flow or amenor- inhibiting mobility of the joints. Clinical
rhoea, leucorrhoea, obesity, dizziness, lassi manifestations include intermittent pain in
tude, stuffiness of the chest, a pale tongue the joints and muscles which is aggravated
with a sticky white coating, and a deep, in damp weather, a thin white tongue
rolling pulse. coating and a wiry or soft pulse.
— The treatment principle is to dry Dampness, — The treatment principle is to eliminate Wind,
resolve Phlegm, activate Qi and invigorate Cold and Dampness and remove obstruction
the Spleen. from the collaterals.
— The recommended formula is a variation of — The recommended formula is a variation of
Cang Fu Dao Tan Wan (Atractylodis and Yi Yi Ren Tang (Coix Decoction):
Cyperi Pill for Eliminating Phlegm): Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii 5-10g
Rhizoma Atractylodis 10g
Radix Angelicae Pubescentis 5-10g
Rhizoma Atractylodis Ramulus Cinnamomi 2-5 g
Macrocephalae lOg
Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae lOg
Rhizoma Pinelliae Semen Coids
lOg 15g
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Rhizoma Atractylodis lOg
lOg
Rhizoma Arisaematis lOg — Modifications:
Rhizoma Cyperi lOg
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus lOg - If Wind predominates, causing
Porial
wandering joint pain, add Radix
— Modifications: Ledebouriellae (10g), Radix Clematidis
(10 g) and Agkistrodon Acutus or Zaocvs
For Cold, add Ramulus Cinnamomi (5-10g). y After
(2-5 g).
- If Cold predominates, causing a sensation peare

For stagnation of Blood, add Rhizoma
Ligustici Chuanxiong (6-10g), Radix
Angelicae Sinensis (10g) and Radix
Achyranthis Bidentatae (lOg).
For Qi stagnation, add Radix Bupleuri
(5g) and Cortex Albiziae (10-15g).
of cold and joint pain which is worse on
exposure to cold, add (treated) Rhizoma b. Win.
Aconitum Carmichaeli (2-5g), Herba
Asari (2-6g) and Herba Ephedrae — Wine
bloc*
- If Dampness predominates, causing a onse

soreness and heaviness of the joints redn>

which is fixed in location, add Radix limit
Stephaniae Tetrandrae (10 g) and swea

Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae with

(lOg).
E. Diseases of the motor and pulst
- In chronic cases with deficiency of Qi and — Thet
nervous systems Blood and of Liver and Kidneys, add Dam
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari 00g), from

1. BI SYNDROMES (PAINFUL JOINTS) Radix Angelicae Sinensis {10 g), Ramulus — Thei
Loranthi (15 g) and Rhizoma Cybotii of Bt
GENERAL DESCRIPTION (10g) Ram
— Bi syndrome refers to pain and limited Miao
movement of the body, limbs, joints and
muscles. It corresponds to the Western CASE STUDY 40.19 Rr
diagnostic categories of rheumatoid arthritis BI SYNDROME Gj
and osteoarthritis and is caused by invasion Male, age 49 "
of the channels, collaterals, joints and Rr
muscles by pathogenic Wind, Cold, This patient complained of soreness and pain in Ra
Dampness and Heat. the left leg and foot for the past 4 months He had Cc
received acupuncture, cupping, plasters and Se
 Discuses in internal medicine 213

Chinese patent medicines for 2 months, with — Modifications:

poor therapeutic results. He presented with
- For fever and aversion to cold with
intolerable pain between the muscles and
bones with no redness or swelling in the painful minimal sweating, remove Rhizoma
area. He was thirsty, with a preference for hot Anemarrhenae from the prescription and
drinks. His tongue was red with a sticky white add Herba Ephedrae (5-10 g).
coating, and his pulse was weak-floating and - For constitutional Yin Deficiency, or
slow. damage to Yin due to Heat, with

Pathogenesis: Accumulation of Cold in the symptoms of persistent low-grade fever

channels and collaterals impairing the function of and a red tongue with scanty coating,
the joints. remove Rhizoma Atractylodis, Ramulus
Cinnamomi and Gypsum Fibrosum from
Western diagnosis: Sciatica
the prescription and add Radix Gentianae
Treatment principle: Warm Yang, remove Macrophyllae (12 g), Radix Rehmanniae
obstruction from the channels, disperse Cold and
(15-30g) and Radix Paeoniae Alba
relieve pain.
OOg).
The formula used was a variation of Yang-
Heartening Decoction:
CASE STUDY 40.20
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15 g
Herba Ephedrae 6g Bl SYNDROME ___
Semen Sinapis Albae 5g Female, age 15
Lumbricus 10 g
This patient had had painful joints and low-grade
Colla Cornus Cervi 10 g
fever for 2 weeks. 4 days before she was admitted
Rhizoma Zingiberis 3g
to hospital, she developed a high fever and aggra
Radix Aconiti (raw) 3g
vated pain and swelling of the knees and ankles.
Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii (raw) 3g
Rhizoma Atractylodis 10 g Enquiry revealed that the illness had begun with a
Ramulus Cinnamomi 3g sore throat; two weeks later she developed a low-
grade fever and pain in both knees that wandered
After 11 doses of this prescription the pain disap
to the ankles. After another 2 weeks, she had high
peared.
fever that was not relieved by sweating, irritability,
thirst with desire to drink and redness, swelling
and pain of the knees and ankles so severe she
b. Wind, Dampness and Heat
could not walk. ESR was 97mm/h.
— Wind-Damp can combine with Heat to Pathogenesis: Invasion of the channels, collat
block the channels. This pattern has an acute erals and joints by Wind, Dampness and Heat,
onset and clinical manifestations include causing retardation of the circulation of Qi and
redness, swelling and pain of joints with Blood and hyperactivity of Heat in the Interior.
limitation of movement, and/or fever,
Western diagnosis: Acute rheumatoid arthritis
sweating, restlessness, thirst, a red tongue
with a sticky yellow coating, and a rapid Treatment principle: Eliminate Wind, Heat and
Dampness
pulse.
— The treatment principle is to eliminate Wind- The formula used was a variation of White Tiger
Damp, clear Heat and remove obstruction Ramulus Cinnamomi Decoction:
from the collaterals. Ramulus Cinnamomi 6g

— The recommended formula is a combination Gypsum Fibrosum (raw) 30 g

(decocted first)
of Bai Hit ]ict Gui Zhi Tang (White Tiger
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae lOg
Ramulus Cinnamomi Decoction) and Si
Radix Paeoniae Rubra 10g
Miao San (Four-Marvel Pill):
Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati 15g
Ramulus Cinnamomi 2-5g Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae 10g
Rhizoma Atractylodis tOg Semen Coicis (raw) 15g
Gypsum Fibrosum 15-30g Caulis Lonicerae
(decocted first) (Ren Dong Teng) 30 g
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 12g Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae 10g
Radix StephaniaeTetrandrae lOg Excrementum Bombycis Mori
Cortex Phellodendri lOg (Can Sha) (decocted wrapped) I2g

Semen Coicis (raw) 15 £ Radix Glycyrrhizae (raw) 5g

214 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

After two doses, the fever, swelling and pain affecting the tendons and channels, and manj

subsided. The prescription was then modified Liver and Kidney Deficiency. weat
according to the remaining symptoms, and the — The treatment principles are to clear Heat, limb:
patient was discharged from hospital 6 days later nourish Yin, benefit the Lungs and Stomach, signs
free of all symptoms. She continued treatment for
clear Damp-Heat and tonify the Liver and of th
a short time to consolidate the therapeutic results
Kidneys. and i
until she was fully recovered.
— Thei
elimi
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
— Thei
c. Kidney Deficiency with stagnation of
a. Lung Heat consuming Body Fluids Four
Phlegm and Blood
— Pathogenic Damp-Heat and toxins act on the a
— Long-term rheumatism leads to stagnation
Lungs and Stomach to consume Body RI
of Phlegm and Blood, and deficiency of the Re
Fluids, thus depriving the tendons and
Liver and Kidneys. This is a chronic pattern. R?
channels of moisture. Clinical manifesta
Clinical manifestations include swelling, Rr
tions include fever at the onset of the
rigidity, deformity and restricted movement a
disease, weakness of the limbs and body
of the joints, and intermittent pain. Fr
when the fever subsides, dryness of the
— The treatment principle is to tonify the Liver
throat, thirst, a red tongue and a thready, — Modi
and Kidneys, resolve Phlegm and Blood
rapid pulse. - Fc
Stasis, eliminate Wind and remove obstruc
— The treatment principle is to clear Heat,
tion from the collaterals. ar
nourish Yin and benefit the Lungs and Rf
— The recommended formula is:
Stomach. tit
Radix Angelicae Pubescentis 10 g — The recommended formula is a variation of PI
Ramulus Loranthi 15 g
Sha Shen Mai Dong Tang (Glehnia- Dt
Cortex Acanthopanacis Radids 10 g
Ophiopogon Decoction): - Fc
Radix Rehmanniae 15 g
Semen Sinapis Albae 2-3 g Radix Adenophorae 10-15g in
Radix Paeoniae Rubra 10 g Radix Ophiopogonis 10-15g to:
Agkistrodon Acutus 5-10 g Herba Dendrobii 10-15g Sq
orZaocys 15 g Rhizoma Anemarrhenae lOg se1

Scolopendra 2-5 g Radix Trichosanthis lOg

- If
Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga 10 g Radix Rehmanniae 10 g
lot
Herba Tripterygii (Lei Gong Teng) 10 g Folium Mori lOg
Cc
Rhizoma Polygonati 10-15g
— Modifications: tic
Modifications: (2-
- For Cold, add Ramulus Cinnamomi (5 g),
Rhizoma Aconitum Carmichaeli or Radix - If Heat is severe and accompanied by
Aconiti Praeparata (2-5 g), and Radix thirst and sweating, add Gypsum
c. Liver
Morindae Officinalis (10 g). Fibrosum (15 g) (decocted first), Flos
- For Heat, add Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Lonicerae (10 g) and Caulis — Clink

(12 g), Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae Trachelospermi (10 g). paral'

(12g)andLumbricus(10g). - For dry throat with a choking cough, add weak
Cortex Trichosanthis (10 g) and Cortex and v
Mori Radicis (10 g). urina

- For reduced appetite and lassitude when — The ti

2. WEI SYNDROMES (PARALYSIS)
the fever subsides, remove Rhizoma and 1
GENERAL DESCRIPTION Anemarrhenae from the prescription and and b
— Wei syndrome refers to weakness, motor add Rhizoma Dioscoreae (15 g). Semen — The n
impairment and muscular atrophy of the Coicis (15 g) and Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae HuQ,
limbs and body. It corresponds to the (5 pieces).
Rai
Western diagnostic categories of severe
Rat
multiple neuritis, poliomyelitis, progressive b. Damp-Heat affecting the tendons and He
muscular atrophy, myasthenia gravis, Rh
channels
myodystrophy and periodic paralysis. Fix
— These patterns are variously caused by Lung — When Damp-Heat is retained in the Interior, Pla
Heat consuming Body Fluids, Damp-Heat it affects the tendons and channels, Coj

manifesting primarily as progressive
weakness and paralysis of the body and
limbs, particularly the lower limbs Other
signs include slight swelling and numbness
of the limbs, a sticky yellow tongue coating
and a soft, rapid pulse.
The treatment principle is to clear Heat and
eliminate Dampness.
The recommended formula is a variation of
Four-Marvel Powder:
Cortex Phellodendri
Rhizoma Atractylodis
Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae
Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae
Rhizoma Dioscoreae Septemlobae
Cortex Acanthopanacis Radiris
Fructus Chaenomelis
— Modifications:
For chronic cases presenting with Liver
and Kidney Yin Deficiency, remove
Rhizoma Atractylodis from the prescrip
tion and add Radix Rehmanniae (15g)
Plastrum Testudinis (15 g) and Herba
Dendrobii(15g).
- For Blood Stasis with numbness or pain
in the body and limbs and a purple
tongue, add Radix Paeoniae Rubra (10 g)
Squama Manitis (10 g) and Eupolyphaga
seuSteleophaga(lOg).
- If Heat signs are absent, but there is a
localized sensation of cold, remove
Cortex Phellodendri from the prescrip
tion and add Ramulus Cinnamomi
(2-5 g) and Herba Epimedii (10 g).
c. Liver and Kidney Deficiency
— Clinical manifestations include weakness or
paralysis of the body and limbs, sore and
weak lumbar region and knees, dizziness
and vertigo, tinnitus, nocturnal enuresis and
urinary incontinence.
— The treatment principle is to tonify the Liver
and Kidneys and strengthen the tendons
and bones.
— The recommended formula is a variation of
Hu Qian Wan (Hidden Tiger Pill):
Radix Rehmanniae 1c-
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata
g reduced appetite, frequent urination, weakness of
15g
Herba Dendrobii
15g
Rhizoma Polygonati 15g
Fructus Lycii
15 g
Plastrum Testudinis
Cortex Acanthopanacis Radiris J5g
Diseases in internal medicine
Ramulus Loranthi
Cortex Eucommiae
15 g
lOg
— Modifications:
- For pronounced Yin Deficiency marked
by a red tongue with scanty coating
remove Cortex Eucommiae from the
prescription and add Rhizoma
Anemarrhenae (10g) and Cortex
Phellodendri (10g).
K)g For pronounced Yang Deficiency with
lOg coldness of the paralysed limbs, add
15g Cornu Cervi (5-10g), Herba Epimedii
lOg U0-15g) and Radix Morindae Officinalis
lOg (10 g).
lOg
For Spleen and Stomach Deficiency with
lOg
muscular atrophy, reduced appetite and
loose stool, add Radix Astragali seu
Hedysari (15g), Radix Codonopsis
Pilosulae (10g), Rhizoma Atractylodis
Macrocephalae (10g) and Rhizoma
Dioscoreae (15g).
CASE STUDY 40.21
WEI SYNDROME
■
Male, age 52
This patient had suffered paroxysmal paralysis of
his lower limbs for over 2 years and a diagnosis of
hypokalaemia was established (0.9mg/100 ml)
The paralysis was worse on rainy days. In May he
had an aggravation and could not get up- he was
treated with an intravenous drip of potassium
chloride and improved slightly. On his way to the
hospital he fell to the ground six times due to
weakness of the legs. His legs were cold, he had
an aversion to cold generally and he had frequent
nocturia.
Pathogenesis: Spleen Deficiency leading to
frequent urination and weakness of the lower
limbs.
Western diagnosis: Hypokalaemia
Treatment principle: Primarily to invigorate the
Middle Burner and benefit Qi; secondarily to
promote Yin with sour and sweet herbs.
Initially, the method of warming and tonifying
Kidney Yang was adopted, but with poor results
On his second visit, the patient presented
wpth thirst, a sticky sensation in his mouth
the lower limbs, a thin tongue coating and a soft
pulse.
At this point, the treatment principle was revised
and the following formula was prescribed:
Codonopsis Pilosulae -| 2 q
216 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

Rhizoma Atractylodis
Green Tea Regulating Powder:
Macrocephalae 1og R
Rhizoma Cimicifugae (treated) 3g Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 5-10g R

Rhizoma Dioscoreae 12 g Herba Schizonepetae lOg After

Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae 10 g Radix Ledebouriellae lOg imprc
Fructus Schisandrae 5g Radix Angelicae Dahuricae lug
Fructus Mume 6g Fructus Viticis 10 g
Concha Ostreae (calcined) 30 g
— Modifications: b. Live
(decocted first)
Radix Glycyrrhizae (treated) 3g If Wind-Cold predominates, add — Hyp,
Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae 5 pieces Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii (5-10 g) distu
After taking four doses, the patient walked to the and Herba Asari {1.5-3 g). head
hospital without falling down, indicating an If Wind-Heat predominates, remove and
improvement in his lower limbs. Frequency of Herba Schizonepetae and Radix sign<
urination was reduced by half and his appetite Ledebouriellae from the prescription and taste
improved. add Folium Mori (10g), Flos puls<

On subsequent visits to the hospital, Fructus Chrysanthemi (10 g), Fructus Tribuli emot

Mume was replaced by Fructus Chaenomelis in (10-15 g) and Gypsum Fibrosum (15 g) — This
the prescription. Treatment was continued for a (decocted first). diagi
month until the patient could walk to the market to For turbid nasal discharge, add Flos neun
do his shopping and suffered no new attack on Magnoliae (2-5 g) and Fructus Xanthii — Thet
rainy days.
"0g>- activi
If pathogenic Wind is complicated with — The]
Dampness, giving rise to a feeling as if Gast:

3. HEADACHE the head is tightly wrapped, heaviness of Rr

the limbs and a sticky tongue coating, Ra
GENERAL DESCRIPTION add Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii Fo
— Headache may occur as a symptom of (5 -10 g) and Rhizoma Atractylodis Fl<
various acute and chronic diseases. (5-10 g). Fn
Headache due to external invasion is often Se

the result of pathogenic Wind which Cc

combines with Cold, Heat or Dampness. CASE STUDY 40.22

Headache due to internal imbalance is often HEADACHE — Modi
the result of Blood Deficiency, hyperactive
Male, age 27
Liver Yang or Liver Fire, Phlegm-Damp or - Fo
stagnation of Blood. This patient complained of left temporal headache Pr
for over 10 years, with attacks becoming more (H
frequent in Winter. Other clinical manifestations - Fo
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
included aversion to cold, cold limbs, a thin, white Fn
a. Invasion of the head by pathogenic Wind tongue coating and a fine, thready pulse.
Po

— This pattern is variously caused by invasion Pathogenesis: Invasion of pathogenic Wind-Cold, Re

complicated by Yang Deficiency.
of the channels and collaterals by Wind-
Cold, invasion of the clear cavity by Wind- Western diagnosis: Neurovascular headache c. Blooc
Heat or disturbance of the clear Yang by
Treatment principle: Eliminate Wind and Cold, — Defio
Wind-Damp. The invasion gives rise to warm Yang and relieve pain. noun
temporal or occipital headache, which may
incluc
be accompanied by aversion to cold, fever, The formula used was a variation of
Ligusttcum-Green Tea Regulating Powder and tion ii
nasal obstruction, general aching, a thin
Lead to Symmetry Powder: a pal
tongue coating and a superficial pulse. It
patter
often corresponds to the Western diagnostic Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 4.5 g
debili
categories of acute chronic rhinitis, accessory Radix Angelicae Dahuricae 6g
excess
nasal sinusitis and certain types of trigem- Bombyx Batryticatus (prepared) 9g
Herba Schizonepetae 9g — The t
inal neuralgia.
Radix Ledebouriellae 9g Blood
— The treatment principle is to eliminate Wind -The
Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii 4.5 g
and relieve pain.
Scorpio 3g Subst
— The recommended formula is Ligusticum- Herba Asari 1 5g
Rhi
 Diseases in internal medicine 217

Radix Paeoniae Alba lOg

Radix Glycyrrhizae (treated) 39
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15g
Radix Aconiti Praeparata
Radix Angelicae Sinensis lOg
After two doses of this formula the headache Radix Polygoni Multiflori
improved; after another two doses it disappeared. (treated) 10-15g
Fructus Lycii 10-15g
Flos Chrysanthemi lOg
b. Liver Yang Rising Fructus Vitici 10 g

— Hyperactive Liver Yang and Liver Fire Modifications:

disturb the clear cavity, giving rise to
- For palpitations, add Magnetitum
headache, red eyes, dizziness and vertigo
(15-20 g) (decocted first), Semen Biotae
and (in severe cases) referred pain. Other
(10 g) and Semen Ziziphi Spinosae (10 g).
signs and symptoms include thirst, a bitter
- For Qi Deficiency with shortness of
taste in the mouth, a red tongue and a wiry
breath and sweating, add Radix
pulse. All symptoms are aggravated by
Codonopsis Pilosulae (10 g) and Radix
emotional stress.
Astragali seu Hedysari (10 g).
— This pattern corresponds to the Western
diagnostic categories of hypertension and
neurosis. d. Blood Stagnation

— The treatment principle is to suppress hyper — Stagnant Blood blocks the vessels. Clinical
active Liver Yang. manifestations include recurrent stabbing
— The recommended formula is a variation of pain which is fixed in location. There may be
Gastrodia-Uncaria Decoction:
a history of trauma.
Rhizoma Gastrodiae 10 g — The treatment principle is to activate Blood
Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis 10-15 g circulation, resolve Stasis and relieve pain.
Folium Mori 10 8 — The recommended formula is:
Flos Chrysanthemi 10 g
Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g
Fructus Tribuli 10-15 g
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 10 g
Semen Cassiae 10-15g
Semen Persicae 10 g
Concha Ostreae 15-20g
FlosCarthami 5-10 g
(decocted first)
Radix Paeoniae Rubra 10 g
— Modifications: Radix Angelicae Dahuricae 10 g

- For hyperactive Liver Fire, add Spica — Modifications:

Prunellae (15 g) and Fructus Gardeniae
- If the headache is chronic and severe, add
(10 g). Scorpio (2-5 g), Scolopendra (2-5 g),
- For Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency, add
Bombyx Batryticatus (10 g), Lumbricus
Fructus Lycii (10-15g), treated Radix
(lOg), Resina Olibani (2-3 g) and Resina
Polygoni Multiflori (10-15 g) and Radix
Myrrhae(2-3g).
Rehmanniae(15g).

e. Upward disturbance of Turbid Phlegm

c. Blood Deficiency
— Turbid Phlegm prevents the clear Yang from
— Deficiency of Blood deprives the head of
ascending. Clinical manifestations include
nourishment. Clinical manifestations
headache, dizziness, a heavy sensation in the
include headache, dizziness, a hollow sensa
head, stuffiness of the chest, nausea (and in
tion in the head, blurred vision, palpitation,
severe cases vomiting of phlegm), a sticky
a pale tongue and a thready pulse. This
tongue coating and a rolling pulse.
pattern is seen in anaemia, neurosis and
— The treatment principle is to resolve
debilitation due to long-term illness or
Phlegm-Damp, eliminate Wind and relieve
excessive loss of blood in childbirth.
— The treatment principle is to nourish the pain.
— The recommended formula is a variation
Blood, eliminate Wind and relieve pain.
of Pinellia-Atractylodes-Gastrodia Decoc
— The recommended formula is Four-
tion:
Substance Decoction with additions:
Rhizoma Pinelliae 10 g
Rhizoma LigusticiChuanxiong lOg
 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases
218

Patt
lOg symptoms are aggravated by emotional
Rhizoma Gastrodiae disti
Radix Angelicae Dahuricae 10g stress.
We:
Rhizoma Typhonii 10 g The treatment principle is to suppress Liver
Rhizoma Atractylodis 5-10 g Yang and calm Liver Wind. Trei
Rhizoma Atractylodis ■ The recommended formula is a variation of Live
Macrocephalae lOg Gastrodia-Uncaria Decoction:
The
Fructus Tribuli 10-15g
Ramulus Uncariae cum Unds 10-15g Gas
10-12g
Poria
Rhizoma Gastrodiae lOg
Rhizoma Alismatis 10-15g
Flos Chrysanthemi 10 g

Modifications: Fructus Tribuli 15g

Concha Ostreae 15-20g

For vomiting, add Haematitum (15-20 g)
(decocted first)
(decocted first). Concha Haliotidis 15-20g
If Phlegm turns to Heat, remove Rhizoma (decocted first)
Atractylodis, Rhizoma Atractylodis
Macrocephalae and Rhizoma Typhonii Modifications:

from the prescription and add Arisaema - For hyperactivity of Liver Fire with a
cum Bile (10 g), Caulis Bambusae in flushed face and a bitter taste in the
Taeniam (10 g), Fructus Aurantii mouth, add Spica Prunellae (15 g),
Immaturus (10 g), Bombyx Batryticatus Fructus Gardeniae (10 g) and Cortex
(10 g) and Lumbricus (10 g). Moutan Radicis (10 g).
For frontal headache, add Radix - For vomiting, add Haematitum (15 g).
Angelicae Dahuricae (10 g). - For Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency, add
For temporal headache, add Rhizoma Fructus Lycii (15 g). Radix Rehmanniae
Ligustici Chuanxiong (10 g) and Radix (15 g) and Radix Polygoni Multiflori
Bupleuri(5-10g). (15 g).
For parietal headache due to invasion of - For hypertension, increase the dosage of
pathogenic Cold-Damp, add Rhizoma Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis and add
Ligustici (5-10 g). Herba Siegesbeckiae (15 g) and Folium
For parietal headache which is Cold in Apocyni Veneti (15 g).
nature and due to internal imbalance,
add Fructus Evodiae (2-3 g) and Herba The treatment principle is to nourish Blood
Asari (1.5-2 g).
and eliminate Wind.
The recommended formula is a variation of
For occipital headache, add Radix
Four-Substance Decoction:
Puerariae (10-15 g).
Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g
Radix Rehmanniae 1° g
Radix Paeoniae Alba 10 g
4. DIZZINESS AND VERTIGO
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 5g
GENERAL DESCRIPTION Radix Polygoni Multiflori 15-30 g
— Dizziness and vertigo are often seen in Herba Schizonepetae 10 g
Radix Ledebouriellae 10 g
hypertension, aural vertigo and neurosis.
Bombyx Batryticatus 1° g
Their causes include Stagnant Liver Qi
turning to Fire and Liver Yang Rising,
Phlegm-Damp misting the Mind, deficiency
of Qi and Blood depriving the head of CASE STUDY 40.23
nourishment, and Kidney Deficiency with DIZZINESS AND VERTIGO
insufficiency of the Sea of Marrow. Male, age 52

This patient presented with dizziness and vertigo,

DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
a. Liver Yang Rising
— Liver Yang Rising disturbs the head and
eyes. Clinical manifestations include dizzi
ness and vertigo, headache, irritability, a thin
yellow tongue coating and a wiry pulse. All
distending pain at the top of the head and back of
the neck, tidal flushing, tinnitus, nausea, reflux of
clear fluid, closing of the eyes, inability to fall
asleep, dream-disturbed sleep, a red tongue with
no coating, and a wiry, thready and rapid pulse.
His blood pressure was 176/126. Examination of
the eye fundus showed mild arteriosclerosis.
 Diseases in internal medicine 219

Pathogenesis: Liver Yang Rising and upward obesity, a sticky tongue coating and a rolling
disturbance of Liver Wind. pulse.
The treatment principle is to resolve
Western diagnosis: Hypertension
Phlegm-Damp and calm Wind.
Treatment principle: Subdue Liver Yang, calm ■ The recommended formula is a variation of
Liver Wind and clear Heal.
Pinellia-Atractylodis Gastrodia Decoction:
The formula used was a variation of
Rhizoma Gastrodiae lOg
Gastrodia-Uncaria Decoction:
Rhizoma Atractylodis
Rhizoma Gastrodiae 9g Macrocephalae 10-12g

Fructus Tribuli 9g Rhizoma Pinelliae lOg

Poria 99 Poria 10-12g

Ramulus Uncariaecum Uncis 12 g Rhizoma Alismatis 10-15g

Concha Haliotidis 18 g
— Modifications:
Ramulus Loranthi 9g
Concha Margaritifera Usta 30 g - If vomiting is severe, add Haematitum
Magnetitum 30 g and ginger-treated Caulis Bambusae in
Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam 9g
Taeniam.
Fructus Gardeniae (burnt) 9g
- For Liver Yang Rising, add herbs that
Radix Paeoniae Alba (raw) 9g
calm Liver Yang.
After two doses, the dizziness, vertigo and - For aural vertigo and labyrinthine
vomiting improved. After another three doses, all hydrops, increase the dosage of Rhizoma
symptoms further improved, but there was Yin Alismatis and Poria and add Semen
Deficiency in the lower body and hyperactivity of
Plantaginis (12 g) {decocted wrapped).
Yang in the upper body, indicating that Fire could
not return to its origin because Kidney Yin had not
recovered. c. Qi and Blood Deficiency

Subsequent treatment was thus focused on the — Deficiency of Qi and Blood deprives the
underlying cause of the condition and a variation head and eyes of nourishment. Clinical
of Restoring the Lett Pill was prescribed: manifestations include dizziness, vertigo,

Radix Rehmanniae 12g blurred vision, lassitude, pallor, a pale

Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 12g tongue and a thready pulse.
Fructus Corni eg — The treatment principle is primarily to tonify
Fructus Lycii 9g Qi and Blood and secondarily to subdue
Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae 6g Wind.
Fructus Ligustri Lucidi 9g — The recommended formula is a variation of
Ramulus Loranthi 9g Restore the Spleen Decoction:
Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis 9g
Radix Paeoniae Alba (raw) 9g Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae lOg

Herba Ecliptae 9g Radix Astragali seu Hedysari 10 g

Plastrum Testudinis 18g Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 5-10g

(decocted first) Radix Angelicae Sinensis lOg

Fructus Lycii 10-15g

After five doses of this formula, all symptoms had 10-15g
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata
disappeared and blood pressure was 140/96. The lOg
Radix Paeoniae Alba
patient was then asked to take 9g of Lycium 15-20g
Magnetitum
Fruit, Chrysanthemum and Rehmannia Pill
(decocted first)
twice daily. 20 days of treatment comprised a
Poria cum Ligno Hospite lOg
course, with a few days' break between courses.
A follow-up visit 30 months later showed no — Modifications:
relapse.
For Spleen Qi Deficiency with loose stool,
remove Radix Angelicae Sinensis and
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata from the
b. Retention of Turbid Phlegm prescription and add Rhizoma

— Turbid Phlegm moves upward and mists the Dioscoreae (15g), Radix Aucklandiae (5g)
clear cavity of the head. Clinical manifesta and Radix Bupleuri (3g).
tions include dizziness and vertigo, stuffi For deficiency of Yin and Blood, remove

ness of the chest, nausea, abundant sputum, Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae and Radix
 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases
220

Ra
Astragali seu Hedysari from the prescrip — Deviation of the mouth and eye in an attack
Ra
tion and add Radix Polygon! Multiflori on the channels and collaterals is caused by
(15g) and Fructus Ligustici Lucidi (15g). facial paralysis. The other conditions are the
ii. Cereb,
consequences of cerebrovascular accident,
cerebr
which include cerebral haemorrhage,
d. Liver and Kidney Deficiency — Yin I
cerebral thrombosis, cerebrovascular spasm,
— Liver and Kidney Deficiency implies insuffi cerebral embolism and subarachnoid
comp

ciency of the Sea of Marrow. Clinical collat

haemorrhage.
manifestations include chronic dizziness stagn
— Facial paralysis is caused by invasion of the
and vertigo, tinnitus, blurred vision, lumbar the £
collaterals by pathogenic Wind mixed with
soreness and spermatorrhoea or thin clear confu
Phlegm. Cerebrovascular accident is caused
and
leucorrhoea. by Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency, Liver
numt
— The treatment principle is to tonify the Liver Yang Rising with stirring of Liver Wind,
limbs
and Kidneys. Liver Wind complicated with Phlegm-Fire,
— The recommended formula is a variation of and ft
or perversion of Qi and Blood.
Qi Ju Di Huang Wan (Lycium Fruit, the h<
— Attack on the Zang-Fu is further differenti
Chrysanthemum and Rehmannia Pill): rigidi
ated into tense syndrome and flaccid
thin
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15 g syndrome. The treatment method adopted
yello\
Fructus Lycii 15g for tense syndrome is to promote resuscita
rollin;
Flos Chrysanthemi '0 g tion; it is also necessary to determine
— The 1
Fructus Corni 10g whether Liver Wind, Fire or Phlegm
Radix Polygoni Multiflori
Wind
predominates. The treatment method
(treated) 15 g tion fi
adopted for flaccid syndrome is to rescue
Magnetitum 15-30g — The n
Collapse, and it is necessary to determine
Plastrum Testudinis 15 g of G;
whether the pattern is one of Yin Collapse or
Tan Tc
— Modifications: Yang Collapse.
— The treatment method adopted for attack on Rh
- For hypertension, add Cortex Eucommiae
the channels and collaterals is to subdue Raj
(10-12 g), Ramulus Loranthi (15 g) and Co
Liver Wind, resolve Phlegm and remove
Radix AchyranthisBidentatae (10-15 g). Rh
obstructions from the collaterals.
- If dizziness and vertigo are due to hyper An
tension as part of menopausal syndrome, Fn
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
add Herba Epimedii (10 g), Rhizoma Poi

Curculiginis (10 g), Rhizoma Anemar- a. Attack on the channels and collaterals Boj
Rh
rhenae (10 g) and Cortex Phellodendri (invasion of the collaterals by Wind-
Liu
ao g). Phlegm)
He
- For Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency
i. Facial paralysis
complicated with Liver Yang Rising, add
— When the collaterals are empty and resis
Rhizoma Gastrodiae (10 g), Ramulus
tance to disease is weak, pathogenic Wind
Uncariae cum Uncis (10-15 g) and Concha
invades and combines with Phlegm-Damp.
Ostreae (15-30 g) (decocted first).
Clinical manifestations include an abrupt
- For spermatorrhoea or leucorrhoea, add
onset of deviation of the mouth and eye,
Semen Euryales (10-15 g), Os Draconis
drooling, unclear speech, numbness of the
(15 g) and Rhizoma Dioscoreae (15 g).
face, possible aversion to cold, a sticky white
tongue coating and a wiry, rolling pulse.
— The treatment principle is to eliminate Wind,
5. WIND-STROKE resolve Phlegm and remove obstruction
from the collaterals.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
— Wind-Stroke presents with sudden collapse
— The recommended formula is a variation of
and loss of consciousness, or mental cloudi Lead to Symmetry Powder:
ness and hemiplegia or deviation of the Rhizoma Typhonii 10 g
mouth and eye. The former condition is Rhizoma Arisaematis 10 g
referred to as attack on the Zang-Fu, while Bombyx Batryticatus 10 g
the latter is considered to be attack on the Lumbricus 10 g
Scorpio 2*5 g
channels and collaterals.
 Diseases in internal medicine 221

Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae 10 g — The combination of Phlegm-Fire with Liver

Radix Ledebouriellae 10 g Yang and Wind moves upward, causing
rebellious movement of Qi and Blood and
ii. Cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism and resulting in the tense form of Wind Stroke.
cerebrovascular spasm — Clinical manifestations include coma,
— Yin Deficiency and hyperactive Yang are clenched hands, contracture or spasm of the
complicated with acute blockage of the limbs, body and jaw, snoring, coarse
collaterals by Liver Wind, Phlegm and breathing, flushed face, a feverish sensation,
stagnant Blood. Clinical manifestations at constipation, a red tongue with sticky yellow
the early stage include transient mental coating, and a rapid, wiry and rolling pulse.
confusion, deviation of the mouth and eye, — The treatment principle is to subdue Wind,
and hemiplegia; later signs include clear Fire, resolve Phlegm and open the
numbness and heaviness of the face and four orifices.
limbs, contracture and spasm of the hands — The recommended formula is a variation of
and feet, dizziness with a heavy sensation in Antelope Horn and Uncaria Decoction:
the head, profuse expectoration of sputum, Cornu Antelopis 0.5-1 g
rigidity of the tongue and slurred speech, a (taken separately)
thin white tongue coating or a white or Concha Haliotidis 30 g
yellow sticky tongue coating, and a wiry and (decocted first)

rolling or thready pulse. Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis 12 g

— The treatment principle is to calm Liver (added at end of decoction)

Wind, resolve Phlegm and remove obstruc Arisaema cum Bile 10 g

Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae 10 g
tion from the collaterals.
Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam 10 g
The recommended formula is a combination
Rhizoma Acori Graminei 3-5 g
of Gastrodia-Uncaria Decoction and Dao (added at end of decoction)
Tan Tang (Eliminating Phlegm Decoction): Radix Curcumae 10 g
Rhizoma Gastrodiae 12 g Rhizoma Coptidis 3-6 g
plus one pill of Zhi Bao Dan (Greatest Treasure
Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis 15 g
Concha Haliotidis 15-20g Special Pill) or Mm Huang Qing Xin Wan
(Cattle Gallstone Pill to Clear the Heart), to
Rhizoma Pinelliae 10 g
be taken in one or two doses separately.
Arisaema cum Bile 10 g
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus 10 g
— Modifications:
Poria US
Bombyx Batryticatus 10 g - For Yin deficiency with a red tongue and
Rhizoma Typhonii 5-10 g scanty coating, add Radix Rehmanniae
Lumbricus 10 g (12-20 g), Radix Paeoniae Alba (10-12 g),
Herba Siegesbeckiae 10-15 g
Radix Ophiopogonis (15 g) and Radix
— Modifications: Trichosanthis (10-15 g).
- For Stomach Fire with a yellow tongue
- If Wind-Phlegm is complicated with
coating and constipation, add Radix et
Blood Stasis, indicated by a purple
Rhizoma Rhei (10 g) (added at end of
tongue suggesting cerebrovascular
decoction) and Natrii Sulfas (10 g) (taken
obstructive disorder, add Semen Persicae
separately).
(10 g), Radix Paeoniae Rubra (10 g), Flos
- For Liver Fire with symptoms of restless
Carthami (10 g) and Hirudo (5 g).
ness, a flushed face and a feeling of heat,
add Radix Gentianae (2-5 g), Fructus I >
b. Attack on the Zang-Fu
Gardeniae (10 g), and Haematitum 05- j
i. Liver Wind, Liver Yang, Phlegm and Fire (tense 20 g) (decocted first).
■ I
- For cerebral haemorrhage, add Radix
syndrome)
Achyranthis Bidentatae (15 g), Cortex
— When constitutional Liver and Kidney Yin
Moutan Radicis (10 g), Fructus Gardeniae
Deficiency are aggravated by long-term
(1 g) and powdered Radix Notoginseng
worry, anxiety or anger, this leads to hyper-
activity of Heart and Liver Yang; this in turn (1 g) (taken separately).
- If the pattern is Cold in nature, the patient
produces Fire and stirs up Wind which
condenses Body Fluids into Phlegm.
will not be restless and irritable, but will
 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases
222

and pain, and heaviness of the limbs and

have a pale complexion, purple lips and a
sticky white tongue coating. In this case, body.
The treatment principle is to eliminate Wind,
remove Rhizoma Coptidis and Concha
resolve Phlegm and Blood Stasis and remove
Haliotidis from the prescription and add
obstruction from the collaterals.
Su He Xiang Wan (Styrax Pill), to be taken
The recommended formula is:
separately.
Rhizoma Gastrodiae lOg
Herba Siegesbeckiae 15g Aft€
ii. Exhaustion of Yin and Collapse of Yang (flaccid 10 g rela
Lumbricus
syndrome) Scorpio
2-5 g he
— In this pattern, the Upright Qi has failed in Bombyx Batryticatus 10 g eye

its struggle against the pathogenic factors, Semen Persicae 10 g and

thus transforming an Excess pattern into one Flos Carthami lOg Rac
of Deficiency. As a result, both Qi and Yin Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga 10 g (1.5
are injured and both Yin and Yang are Afte
collapsing. Clinical manifestations include ii. Deficiency and stagnation of Qi and Blood and
coma, snoring, closed eyes, open mouth, — Clinical manifestations include hemiplegia con

relaxed hands, incontinence of both urine in the aftermath of Wind Stroke; soreness, dee

and faeces, profuse sticky or cold sweating, weakness and motor impairment of the thin

pallor, cold limbs and a deep and hidden or limbs and body, with loss of sensation in wer

severe cases; and dyspnoea and lassitude. Rhi.

thready, rapid and fading pulse.
— The treatment principle is to rescue Yin and — The treatment principle is to benefit Qi, (9 9
recapture Yang. activate the Blood, resolve Blood Stasis and Afte
— The recommended formula is a variation of remove obstruction from the collaterals. nes

Sheng Fit Tang (Ginseng and Aconite — The recommended formula is a variation of the

Decoction) and Restoring the Pulse Tonify the Yang to Restore Five-Tenths dos

Powder Decoction:
15-30 g
Radix Ginseng Rubra (Hang Shen) 10 g Radix Astragali seu Hedysari
(decocted separately) Radix Angelicae Sinensis 30 g
Radix Aconiti Praeparata 10 g Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 10 g

(decoded at length) Radix Paeoniae Rubra 1° g

Radix Ophiopogonis 15 g Semen Persicae 10S
Fructus Schisandrae 5g FlosCarthami 6~10g
OsDraconis 15g Lumbricus 108
(decocted first) Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga 10 g

Concha Ostreae 30 8
(decocted first)
CASE STUDY 40.24
— Modifications: WIND-STROKE

- For shortness of breath, add Fructus Male, age 40

Corni (20 g) and Magnetitum (20 g)
(decocted first) to rescue Collapse, assist
reception of Qi and soothe wheeze.
- For Collapse of Yin with profuse sticky
sweating, flushed face and a thready,
rapid and fading pulse, remove Radix
This patient awoke one morning with numbness in
the right side of his face, deviation of the mouth
and eye, weakness in the right side of his body
and mild difficulty in speaking. He had a pale
tongue with a slightly sticky white coating, and a
deep, wiry pulse.

Aconiti Praeparata from the prescription Pathogenesis: Deficiency of Qi leading to

and add Radix Glehniae (15 g) or Radix retarded circulation of Blood and stagnation of
Panacis Quinquefolii (10 g). Blood in the vessels.

Treatment principle: Tonify Qi and Blood, resolve

Blood Stasis and remove obstruction from the
c. Recuperative stage
vessels.
i. Blockage by Wind, Phlegm and stagnant Blood The formula used was a variation of Tonify the
— This pattern represents the late stage of Yang to Restore Five-tenths Decoction:
Wind-Stroke, manifesting as clear conscious
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari 30 g
ness, hemiplegia, numbness, contracture
 Diseases in internal medicine 223

Radix Paeoniae Rubra 12 g and Fructus Lycii (15 g).

Radix Angelicae Sinensis 9g For Yang Deficiency, add Cortex
Lumbricus 99 Eucommiae (12 g) and Rhizoma Cibotii
Semen Persicae 99
FlosCarthami 9g For Blood Stagnation, add Semen
RhizomaTyphonii 99 Persicae (10 g), Flos Carthami (10 g) and
Bombyx Batryticatus 15 pieces
Lumbricus (10 g).
Scorpio 15 pieces

After ten doses, the patient's face felt more

relaxed and his speech became more fluent, but
he still could not open and close his mouth and
eye freely. His walking was somewhat hindered
and his pulse was deep and slow. The dosage of
Radix Astragali was then doubled and Herba Asari
(1.5 g) was added to the prescription.
After another ten doses, the patient could open
and close his mouth and eye freely, but still
complained of thirst and dizziness. His pulse was
deep and slightly rapid and his tongue coating was
thin and white. Herba Asari and Rhizoma Typhonii
were then removed from the prescription and
Rhizoma Gastrodiae (6g) and Herba Dendrobii
(9 g) were added.
6. EPILEPSY
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
— Epilepsy is a disorder of the nervous system,
marked by recurrent acute episodes of loss
of consciousness, staring upward, convul
sions, spitting of foam or crying like an
animal. Between episodes, the patient's
condition appears normal. Epileptic seizures
are usually brief and may occur at any hour
of the day.
— This disease is difficult to treat. It is linked to
emotional stress and brain injury. Strong

After ten doses of the new prescription, both dizzi

ness and thirst had improved and movement of
the leg became almost normal. After a further ten
doses, all symptoms had disappeared.
Hi. Liver and Kidney Deficiency
— Long-term Liver and Kidney Deficiency
emotions such as fear, depression and anger
inhibit the circulation of Heart and Liver Qi,
which in turn leads to the production of
Phlegm. Brain injury leads to stagnation of
Qi, Blood and Phlegm in the Interior.
Although the Heart, Liver, Spleen and
Kidneys are all involved, Phlegm is the root
cause.

gives rise to hemiplegia, muscular atrophy,
dizziness, tinnitus, rigidity of the tongue,
slurred speech, a deep-red or dark purple
tongue and a deep, thready and wiry, or
hesitant pulse.
— The treatment principle is to tonify the Liver
and Kidneys.
— The recommended formula is a variation of
Di Huang Yin Zi (Rehmannia Decoction):
— The initial stage of the disease is of the
Excess type and is treated by eliminating
Phlegm, calming Wind and opening the
orifices. Chronic cases are of the Deficiency
type; the primary treatment method is to
tonify the Kidneys, Heart and Spleen while
secondarily resolving Phlegm.
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT

Radix Rehmanniae or Radix a. Blockage by Wind-Phlegm

Rehmanniae Praeparata 15-30g

Fructus Comi 12g — Rebellion of Qi allows Wind and Phlegm to

Herba Dendrobii 15g move upward to mist the clear cavity, trans
Ramulus Loranthi 15g versely to invade the channels and collat
Herba Cistanchis lOg
erals and inward to disturb the Mind.
Radix Morindae Officinalis lOg
Clinical manifestations include sudden loss
Rhizoma Acori Graminei 3-5 g
of consciousness, staring upward, convul
(added at end of decoction)
sion, clenched teeth, drooling, crying like an
Radix Polygalae lOg
animal, a sticky white tongue coating and a
Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae
Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga lOg rolling pulse. When the patient regains
consciousness he appears normal except for 1 I
— Modifications: drowsiness and dizziness.
- For Yin Deficiency, remove Radix — If there is concurrent Qi Stagnation with
Morindae Officinalis from the prescrip production of Phlegm, there will be stuffi
tion and add Radix Ophiopogonis (15 g) ness of the chest and mental depression. This
224 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

F
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae 10 g
pattern is often induced by emotional stress r
or Radix Ginseng 6g
and includes warning symptoms such as i
Rhizoma Dioscoreae 15 g
dizziness and rebellion of Qi before a Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15 g
r

c
seizure. FructusLycii l2g
— If the pattern is one of Phlegm-Fire, clinical Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g — Mot:
manifestations will include headache, red Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae 12 g
eyes, flushed face, restlessness and a sticky Rhizoma Pinelliae (treated) 10 g - H
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 5g r
yellow tongue coating.
— If the pattern is one of stirring of Wind with Radix Polygalae l°g c

Phlegm moving upward, clinical manifesta Poria cum Ligno Hispite 10 g - F

tions include dizziness and vertigo, — Modifications:

n

muscular twitching, convulsions, rigidity of r«

- For mental dullness, add alum-water- C
the limbs and deviation of the mouth and
treated Radix Curcumae (12 g) and R
eye.
Rhizoma Acori Graminei (2-5 g). C
— The treatment principle is to eliminate
- For listlessness, administer Placenta <:
Phlegm, open the orifices and calm Wind.
— The recommended formula is a variation of Hominis frequently. - f
- If the condition is due to brain injury, add ii
Arrest Seizures Pill:
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, a
Rhizoma Pinelliae 1° g Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga, Radix C
Rhizoma Arisaematis 10 g Achyranthis and Flos Carthami to
Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae 10 g
activate the Blood and resolve Stasis.
Rhizoma Acori Graminei 2-5 g
Radix Polygalae 108
Poria cum Ligno Hospite 10 g b. Con
Concha Margaritifera Usta 10 g
7. EMOTIONALLY-RELATED PATTERNS
Scorpio ^§
Bombyx Batryticatus 1° g GENERAL DESCRIPTION
— Emotionally related patterns correspond to
— Modifications:
neurasthenia, hysteria and climacteric
- For frequent episodes with incessant syndromes in Western medicine. They are
convulsion, add Cornu Antelopis (1-3 g) caused by stagnation of Liver Qi, deficiency
(to be taken separately), Ramulus of the Zang and Phlegm-Fire.
Uncariae cum Uncis (12 g) and Concha — The treatment principles are to relieve
Haliotidis (15 g) (decocted first). stagnation of Liver Qi, to clear Fire and
- For Phlegm-Fire, add Rhizoma Coptidis resolve Phlegm, and to nourish the Zang and
(3g) and Radix Gentianae (3g), and calm the Mind.
administer Chorite-Schist Pill for Differentiation and treatment
Chronic Phlegm Syndromes.

a. Stagnation of Liver Qi
b. Heart and Kidney Deficiency
— Emotional irritation impairs the function of
— Long-term epilepsy damages the Heart and
the Liver in promoting the free flow of Qi,
Kidneys. Clinical manifestations include
thus resulting in Liver Qi Stagnation.
recurrent seizures of varying severity,
Clinical manifestations include mental
listlessness, dizziness, palpitations, reduced
depression, restlessness, stuffiness of the
appetite, sore and weak lumbar region and chest, sighing, wandering distending pains
knees, pallor, a pale tongue with thin, white
in the costal and hypochondriac regions and
coating, and a thready and possibly rolling
a wiry pulse.
pulse. In severe cases, intelligence may be — The treatment principle is to soothe the
impaired.
Liver, regulate Qi and relieve depression.
— The treatment principle is to tonify the — The recommended formula is a variation of
Kidneys, soothe the Heart, invigorate the
Bupleurum Soothing the Liver Decoction
Spleen and resolve Phlegm.
and Free and Relaxed Powder:
— The recommended formula is a variation of
Da Bu Yuan jmn (Great Tonify the Source Radix Bupleuri (vinegar-treated) 5g
Decoction) and Six Gentlemen Decoction: Radix Paeoniae Alba 1° g
 Diseases in internal medicine 225

Rhizoma Cyperi (treated) lOg c. Long-term stagnation of Qi deprives the

Fructus Aurantii 5g Zang of nourishment
Radix Curcumae lOg
tOg
— Prolonged stagnation of Liver Qi leads to
Flos Mume Albus
15 g deficiency of Qi and Yin and deprives the
Cortex Albiziae
Heart and Mind of nourishment. Clinical
Modifications: manifestations include absent-mindedness
If stagnant Qi turns to Fire, add Cortex and restlessness.

Moutan Radios (10 g) and Fructus — The treatment principle is to soothe the
Heart, nourish Yin and relieve stagnation.
Gardeniae (10g).
For Liver and Heart Fire and Phlegm-Fire — The recommended formula is a variation of
manifesting as irritability, mania and Gan Mai Da Zao Tang (Licorice, Wheat and
restlessness, add Arisaema cum Bile Jujube Decoction):
(10g), Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae (10 g), Radix Glycyrrhizae 5-10 g
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (10 g), Radix Wheat 15-30g

Gentianae (2-5 g) and Rhizoma Coptidis Radix Rehmanniae 15g

Radix Ophiopogonis 15g
(3g)-
For stagnation of Qi and Blood with Fructus Schisandrae 5g
Bulbus Lilii 15g
irregular menstruation, scanty flow or
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 12g
amenorrhoea, add Rhizoma Ligustici
Radix Curcumae 10 g
Chuanxiong (10 g), Flos Carthami lOg
Semen Ziziphi Spinosae
(10 g) and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae lOg
Poria cum Ligno Hospite
Cortex Albiziae 15g

b. Combination of Phlegm and Qi

CASE STUDY 40.25
— Heart and Spleen Qi Stagnation produces
MELANCHOLIA
Phlegm, which combines with the stagnant
Female, age 40
Qi to cause the sensation of a foreign body in
the throat which cannot be relieved by This patient presented with depression, grief,
swallowing or spitting. Other symptoms weeping, suspiciousness, fear, poor memory, a

include stuffiness of the chest and a wiry thin, sticky tongue coating and a rapid, thready
pulse. She had a history of depression for 5 years.
rolling pulse.
— The treatment principle is to regulate Qi, Pathogenesis: Deficiency of the Heart, disturbed
relieve Stagnation and resolve Phlegm. by Phlegm-Damp.
— The recommended formula is a variation
Western diagnosis: Neurasthenia
of Pinellia and Magnolia Bark Decoc
Treatment principle: Nourish the Heart, calm the
tion:
Mind, eliminate Phlegm and open the orifices.
Rhizoma Pinelliae lOg
The formula used was a variation of Licorice,
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis
Wheat and Jujube Decoction:
Folium Perillae
Rhizoma Cyperi (treated) lOg
Radix Glycyrrhizae (treated) 9g
Fructus Aurantii lOg Wheat 30 g
Radix Platycodi Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae 5 pieces
Poria lOg Herba Ecliptae 15 g
Cortex Albiziae 15 g Rhizoma Acori Graminei 9g
Iron cinder (Sheng Tie Luo) 30 g
— Modifications:
Radix Curcumae 9g
If stagnant Qi turns to Fire and damages Rhizoma Arisaematis (prepared) 4.5 g
the Yin, remove Cortex Magnoliae Semen Ziziphi Spinosae

Officinalis and Folium Perillae from the (stir-baked) 15 g

prescription and add Cortex Moutan After five doses, the depression, grief and
Radicis (lOg), Fructus Gardeniae (10 g), weeping improved, as did the insomnia. Because
Radix Adenophorae (10 g), Radix Qi and Blood were both deficient following a
Ophiopogonis (10 g) and Radix Paeoniae prolonged illness, Qi and Blood tonics such as
Alba (10 g).
Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Fructus Lycii and Radix
226 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

Codonopsis Pilosulae were then added to the DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT

formula. a. Downward movement of Damp-Heat

The treatment was continued for a month, by
— Filariasis produces Dampness and Heat,
which time all symptoms had disappeared.
which move downward and impair the
Kidneys' function of dividing the clear from
d. Disharmony between the Heart and the turbid. The key sign is turbid urine, or
Kidneys urine with fatty clots and oil floating on the
surface, or with streaks of blood and blood
— In this pattern, stagnant Qi turns to Fire clots. Other clinical manifestations include
while Kidney Yin Deficiency leads to
hesitant painful urine accompanied by a
Empty Heart Fire. Clinical manifestations
burning sensation, and a sticky yellow
include dizziness and vertigo, palpitations,
tongue coating.
restlessness, insomnia, lumbar soreness,
— The treatment principle is to clear Damp-
spermatorrhoea, irregular menstruation, a
Heat and separate the clear from the turbid.
red tongue with scanty coating, and a — The recommended formula is a variation of
thready pulse. Dioscoreae Hypoglauca Decoction to
— The treatment principle is to nourish Yin,
Separate the Clear:
reduce Fire and harmonize the Heart and
Rhizoma Dioscoreae Septemlobae 10-15 g
Kidneys.
Folium Pyrrosiae 10 g
— The recommended formula is a variation
Poria !0g
of Heavenly Emperor Tonifying the
Semen Plantaginis 10 g
Heart Pill and Six-Flavour Rehmannia
(decocted zvrapped)
Pill: Rhizoma Acori Graminei 2-5 g
Radix Rehmanniae 10-15g (added at end of decoction)
Radix Scrophulariae lOg Cortex Phellodendri 10 g
Radix Ophiopogonis 10-15g Talcum 10-15 g
Fructus Lycii 10g (decocted first)
Fructus Schisandrae 2-5 g
Modifications:
Fructus Ligustri Lucidi 15g
Rhizoma Coptidis 1.5-3g For urinary obstruction, add Radix
Semen Nelumbinis lOg
Linderae.
Poria cum Ligno Hospite For scanty, deep-yellow urine, with pain
(Cinnabaris coated) 12g and a burning sensation during urina
Os Draconis 15g
tion, add Fructus Gardeniae and Caulis
(decoded first)
20 g
Akebiae.
Magnetitum
For haematuria, add Herba
(decocted first)
Cephalanoploris and Radix Rubiae.
For Yin Deficiency, remove Rhizoma
Acori Graminei from the prescription
and add Rhizoma Anemarrhenae,
E Miscellaneous other Radix Rehmanniae and Radix Ophio
diseases pogonis.

1. CHYLURIA
CASE STUDY 40.26

GENERAL DESCRIPTION CHYLURIA

— Chyluria is a condition of chyle in the urine, Male, age 31

which gives the urine a milky appearance. It
is categorized in TCM as turbid urine and
urinary disturbance and is caused by the
downward movement of Damp-Heat and
Essences and deficiency of the Spleen and
Kidney.
— The treatment principle is to clear Damp-
This patient had a history of recurrent attacks of
turbid urine over 5 years. Upon admission to
hospital, urinalysis showed positive ether test, pus
cells ++ and a small quantity of red blood cells.
Other clinical manifestations included turbid urine
like rice water and milk with decaying, sticky, flesh-
like clots in it, lumbar soreness, burning pain in the

Heat and tonify the Spleen and Kidney. urethra, hesitant urination, dizziness, lassitude, a
 Diseases in internal medicine 227

slightly red tongue with a sticky yellow coating, manifestations include a bearing-down
and a weak-floating pulse. sensation in the lower abdomen, lassitude, a
pale tongue with a white coating, and a soft,
Pathogenesis: Spleen and Kidney Deficiency
complicated with downward movement of Damp- thready pulse.
Heat, the signs of Excess being more pronounced — The treatment principle is to tonify and raise
than the signs of Deficiency. Qi,
— The recommended formula is a variation of
Western diagnosis: Chyluria
Tonifying the Middle and Benefiting Qi
Treatment principle: Clear Damp-Heat and Decoction:
promote the Bladder's function of dividing the
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae 10 g
clear from the turbid.
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari 10 g
The formula used was a variation of Dioscorea Rhizoma Atractylodis
Hypoglauca Decoction to Separate the Clear Macrocephalae 10 g
and Eight-Herb Powder for Rectification: Rhizoma Dioscoreae 15 g

12g Rhizoma Cimicifugae 3g

Rhizoma Dioscoreae Hypoglauca
12g Radix Bupleuri 3g
Folium Pyrrosiae
lOg
Rhizoma Dioscoreae Septemlobae 10 g
Cortex Phellodendri
10g Semen Euryales 10 g
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
15g
Poria 10g
Semen Coicis (raw)
Excrementum Bombycis 10g
— Modifications:
Poria 10g
Semen Plantaginis 10g - If Spleen Deficiency affects the Kidneys,
(decocted wrapped) leading to lumbar soreness and cold
Medulla Junci 3g limbs, add Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae
(10 g) and Radix Aconiti Praeparata
After three doses, the flesh-like clots disappeared
and the urine became less turbid. After a further (10 g).
three doses, the urine became clear and the ether - For turbid urine mixed with blood, add
test was negative. At this point Radix Angelicae Herba Cephalanoploris (10 g) and Colla
Pubescentis (10g), Ramulus Loranthi (12 g) and Corii Asini (lOg, stir-baked in Pollen
Semen Cuscutae (12g) were added to the Typhae).
prescription. - For Damp-Heat, add Cortex Phellodendri
A month after admission to hospital, the patient (10 g) and Rhizoma Alismatis (10 g).
had a mild relapse. Although the urine was not
visibly turbid, he had lumbar soreness, dizziness,
lassitude and hesitant urination. Radix Angelicae c. Kidney Deficiency with impairment of the
Pubescentis was removed from the prescription storing of Essence
and Fructus Lycii, Semen Astragali Complanati
and Fructus Tribuli were added to nourish the — Impairment of the Kidneys' function of
Kidneys and subdue the Liver. storing Essence allows the downward
discharge of Essential substances. Clinical
After urinalysis showed negative three times, the
manifestations include long-term turbidity
treatment method was altered, primarily to invigo
of urine, listlessness, sore and weak lumbar
rate the Spleen and Kidneys and secondarily to
clear Heat, in order to consolidate the therapeutic region and knees, dizziness and tinnitus.
results. The patient's urine remained clear — The treatment principle is to tonify the
following exercise or eating oily food, although he Kidneys and strengthen the function of
still felt slightly tired and sore in the lumbar region storing the Essence.
on exertion, and he was discharged from the — If there is underlying Yin Deficiency, the
hospital. recommended formula is Six-Flavour
Rehmannia Pill with Anemarrhena and
Phellodendri; for underlying Yang
b. Deficiency and Sinking of Spleen Qi Deficiency, the recommended formula is
Kidney Qi Pill. In either case, the core
— Sinking of Spleen Qi results in a downward
formula consists of:
flowing of Essences. The key symptom is
recurrent episodes of turbid urine, often Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 10-15 g
induced by stress or overwork or an exces Fructus Corni 10 g
sive intake of oily foods; other clinical Rhizoma Dioscoreae 10 g
228 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

c. Spl
Semen Cuscutae 15g The recommended formula is Tonifying the
Fructus Rosae Laevigatae 15g Spleen Decoction:
Semen Euryales lOg
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari 115-20 g
Poria lOg
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae lOg
Rhizoma Alismatis lOg
Rhizoma Atractylodis
Modifications: Macrocephalae lOg

Radix Angelicae Sinensis lOg

For Yin Deficiency complicated with Fructus Psoraleae lOg
Damp-Heat, add Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Arillus Longan lOg
(10 g) and Cortex Phellodendri (10 g). Caulis Spatholobae 15 g
For Yang Deficiency, add Radix Aconiti Radix Glycyrrhizae (treated) 3g
Praeparata (2-5 g), Cortex Cinnamomi Ganoderma Lucidum
(2-5 g) and Cornu Cervi (2-5 g).
Modifications:
For Sinking of Spleen Qi, add Radix
Codonopsis Pilosulae (10 g). Radix - For haemorrhage, add stir-baked
Astragali seu Hedysari (10 g) and Rhizoma Zingiberis (2 - 5 g), Colla
Rhizoma Cimicifugae (3 g). Corii Asini (10 g, melted and taken
For haematuria, add Plastrum Tesrudinis separately) and Herba Agrimoniae
(15 g), Herba Ecliptae (15 g) and Colla (15 g).
Corii Asini (10 g) (melted and taken
separately).

b. Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency

— Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency produces

2. LEUCOCYTOPENIA AND Fire, which impairs the Liver's function of
THROMBOCYTOPENIA storing Blood. Clinical manifestations
include dizziness, blurred vision, tinnitus,
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
lumbar soreness, five-palm Heat, night
— Leucocytopenia and thrombocytopenia are sweats, bleeding gums, epistaxis, petechiae,
both categorized in TCM as consumption
a shortened menstrual cycle, profuse
and haemorrhagic patterns. Their causes are red menstrual flow, a red tongue with
very complicated and are linked to
scanty coating, and a rapid, thready
deficiency of Qi and Blood of the Spleen and
pulse.
Heart, Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency, — The treatment principle is to nourish Yin,
general Yin Deficiency with Blood Heat, and reduce Fire and tonify the Liver and
Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency.
Kidneys.
Leucocytopenia usually presents with Qi
— The recommended formula is a variation of
and Yang Deficiency while thrombocy
Six-Flavour Rehmanniae Pill:
topenia usually exhibits Qi and Yin
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15g
Deficiency with Empty Fire.
Radix Rehmanniae 15g
Fructus Corni lOg
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT 15 g
Fructus Ligustici Lucidi
Herba Ecliptae 15g
a. Heart and Spleen Deficiency
Cortex Moutan Kadicis 10 g
— Spleen Deficiency implies insufficiency of Plastrum Testudinis 15 g
the source of Qi and Blood and impairment Semen Cuscutae 15g
of the Spleen's function of controlling Blood.
Modifications:
Clinical manifestations include dizziness,
lassitude, reduced appetite, susceptibility to - For pronounced Empty Fire, add
the common cold, bleeding gums, epistaxis, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (10 g) and
petechiae, a profuse pinkish menstrual flow, Cortex Phellodendri (10 g).
pallor, a pale tongue with thin coating, and a For pronounced bleeding, add Colla Corii
soft, thready pulse. Asini (lOg, melted and taken separately),
— The treatment principle is to tonify the Heart Radix Rubiae (10 -15 g) and Radix
and Spleen, nourish Qi and Blood, and Notoginseng (1.5-3g, ground to powder
control Blood. and taken separately).
 Diseases in internal medicine 229

Radix Angelica Sinensis 10 g

c. Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency
Herba Agrimoniae 15 g
— Yang Deficiency can be a consequence of Qi Radix Glycyrrhizae (treated) 3g
Deficiency or of Yin Deficiency. Spleen and
After administration of seven doses, the purpura
Kidney Yang Deficiency implies insuffi has disappeared except from two lesions the size
ciency of Essence and Blood. Clinical of a broad bean. There were no new haemor
manifestations include dizziness and rhagic spots. Because the boy suffered from night
vertigo, lumbar soreness, tinnitus, listless- sweats, herbs that nourish Yin and stop sweating
ness, cold limbs, impotence, spermator were added to the prescription, such as Radix
rhoea, a pale tongue and a deep, thready Paeoniae Alba and Fructus Mume.

pulse. Seven further doses were given, by which time a

— The treatment principle is to warm and blood test showed platelets increased to
tonify the Spleen and Kidneys and replenish 100 000/mm3.
Essence and Blood.
— The recommended formula is:

Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15g

3. DIABETES
Fructus Comi 12 g
Semen Cuscutae 15g GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Fructus Psoraleae lOg
— Diabetes is marked by thirst with
Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum 2g excessive drinking, hunger with excessive
or Cornu Cervi 5g
eating and profuse production of urine
(powdered and taken separately)
10-15g
which has a sweet taste. It is categorized
Herba Epimedii
Herba Cistanchis lOg as upper, middle and lower types of
Radix Ginseng 5-10 g diabetes.
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari 10-20g — This disease is caused by Yin Deficiency
with Dryness and Heat. The treatment
principle is thus to nourish Yin, promote
CASE STUDY 40.27
Body Fluids and clear Fire.
THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
— The late stage of the disease presents with
Male, age 3 Qi and Yin Deficiency. If Yin Deficiency
This patient had had purpura lor a month, his affects Yang, herbs that tonify Qi and
lower limbs being completely covered by purpura warm the Kidneys are included in the treat
or pointed haemorrhagic spots. He had a pale ment.
tongue tinged with purple. Blood test showed
platelets 20 000 - 40 OOO/mma. Myelogram DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
revealed decreased hyperplasia of granulocyte
series, and absence of hyperplasia of megakary- a. Upper diabetes
ocytic series.
— Dryness and Heat consume Body Fluids,
Pathogenesis: Spleen and Kidney Yang causing Lung Yin Deficiency. Clinical
Deficiency and failure of Qi to control Blood. manifestations include restlessness, thirst
Western diagnosis: Primary thrombocytopenic with excessive drinking, frequent and
purpura profuse urination, a dry tongue with a red
tip and border and a thin, yellow coating.
Treatment principle: Warm the Kidneys, nourish
— The treatment principle is to clear Lung
Blood, tonify Qi and control Blood.
Heat, moisten Dryness, promote Body
The formula used consisted of:
Fluids and relieve thirst.
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 12 g — The recommended formula is a variation of
Cornu Cervi 10 g Xiao Ke Fang (Prescription to Treat
(decocted first) Diabetes) in combination with White Tiger
Fructus Lycii 10 9 plus Ginseng Decoction:
Fructus Psoraleae 12 g
Radix Adenophorae 10-15g
Rhizoma Drynariae 10 9
Radix Ophiopogonis 10-15g
Semen Cuscutae 15 g
Herba Dendrobii 15g
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari 15 g
Rhizoma Coptidis 2-5 g
Rhizoma Atractylodis
Radix Rehmanniae
Macrocephalae 10 g
230 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

tion
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 10 g Kidneys and strengthen their storing
ano
Cortex Lycii Radicis 10-15g function.
had
Rhizoma Phragmitis 15g The recommended formula is a variation of
Yan.
Six-Flavour Rehmannia Pill: and
Modifications:
Radix Rehmanniae or Radix lowe
- For severe Heat with restlessness and a
Rehmanniae Praeparata 15-30g The
desire to drink large quantities of fluid,
Fructus Corni lOg prir
add raw Gypsum Fibrosum (15-30 g) Rhizoma Dioscoreae 15-30g nou
(decocted first). Cortex Moutan Radicis lOg
form
- For Qi and Yin Deficiency with shortness Fructus Lycii 15g
of breath, spontaneous sweating and Rhizoma Alismatis
lassitude, add Radix Astragali seu
Modifications:
Hedysari (10 g), Radix Codonopsis
Pilosulae (10 g) and Fructus Schisandrae If the urine is profuse and turbid, add
(2-5 g). Fructus Rubi (10 g), Semen Cuscutae
(15 g) and Ootheca Mantidis (10 g).
For Qi Deficiency, add Radix Ginseng
b. Middle diabetes
(5-10 g), Radix Astragali seu Hedysari
— Retention of Heat in the Stomach causes (10 g) and Rhizoma Polygonati (15 g).
constant hunger and consumes Body Fluid. For Spleen Deficiency with Dampness,
Clinical manifestations include constant remove Radix Rehmanniae, Cortex
hunger with excessive eating, an empty and Moutan Radicis and Fructus Comi from
uncomfortable sensation in the stomach, the prescription and add Radix
restlessness, thirst, profuse sweating, consti Codonopsis Pilosulae (10 g), Rhizoma
pation with dry stool, emaciation, a dry Atractylodis Macrocephalae (12g), Semen
yellow tongue coating and a rolling, rapid Dolichoris (15 g), Radix Puerariae (15 g)
pulse. and Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae
— The treatment principle is to clear Stomach Galli(lOg).
Heat, nourish Yin and promote Body Fluids. If Yin Deficiency affects Yang, producing
— The recommended formula is a variation of symptoms of urination equal to the
Jade Woman Decoction: amount drunk, lumbar soreness and cold
Radix Rehmanniae 15g limbs, add Radix Aconiti Praeparata
Radix Ophiopogonis 15g (2 - 5 g), Cortex Cinnamomi (2 - 5 g),
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 12g Semen Cuscutae (15 g) and Cornu Cervi
Gypsum Fibrosum (raw) 15g (3-5 g).
Rhizoma Coptidis 3g
Radix Trichosanthis 15g
Herba Dendrobii CASE STUDY 40.28
DIABETES
— Modifications:
Male, age 21
- For Stomach Fire with constipation, add
This patient presented with loss of body weight,
raw Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (10 g) at the
thirst with a desire to drink large quantities, exces
end of the decoction to reduce Fire in the
sive hunger, profuse urine, irritability, a sensation
Large Intestine.
of heat in the chest, a bitter taste and sticky sensa
tion in the mouth, lumbar soreness, a scaly skin, a
c. Lower diabetes dark purple tongue with a sticky white coating, and
a thready pulse. Examinations showed sugar in
— Deficiency of Kidney Essence impairs the his urine ++++, ketone bodies positive and blood
storing function of the Kidneys. Clinical sugar 603mg/100ml.
manifestations include frequent passing of
Western diagnosis: Diabetes
profuse thick, sticky urine, a dry mouth and
tongue, thirst with excessive drinking, dizzi Treatment principle: Clear Heat, nourish the

ness, blurred vision, sore and weak lumbar Stomach, relieve thirst and promote Body Fluids.

region and knees, a red tongue and a The first formula used was a variation of Xiao Ke
thready, rapid pulse. Fang {Prescription for Diabetes) and Er Dong
— The treatment principle is to nourish the Tang (Two-Tuber Decoction). After administra
 Diseases in internal medicine 231

tion of five doses, the results were not satisfactory include red or purple-red skin eruptions
and the case was reviewed. Because the diabetes with a burning sensation and severe itching,
had developed to a severe stage, both the Yin and restlessness, a red tongue with thin coating,
Yang of the body were damaged; upper, middle and a superficial, rapid pulse. The
and lower forms of diabetes were all present, the symptoms are aggravated by exposure to
lower form being the most severe.
heat.
The treatment principle was therefore modified, ■ The treatment principle is to eliminate Wind
primarily to warm the Kidneys and secondarily to and clear Heat.
nourish Lung and Stomach Yin. The following ■ The recommended formula is:
formula was prescribed:
Herba Schizonepetae 10 g
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 12 g Radix Ledebouriellae lOg
FructusCorni 10 g Fructus Arctii 10-15g
Radix Aconiti Praeparata 3g Periostracum Cicadae 2-5 g
Cortex Cinnamomi 2g Herba Menthae 2-3 g
Herba Cistanchis 10 g Flos Lonkerae lOg
Fructus Schisandrae 5g Fructus Forsythiae 10 g
Radix Adenophorae 10 9 Radix Rehmanniae 10-15g
Radix Asparagi 1°9 Radix Paeoniae Rubra lOg
Radix Ophiopogonis 10 g
— Modifications:
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 10 g
Radix Trichosanthis 12 g For Heat in the Blood, with red overlap
Radix Paeoniae Alba 10 g ping skin eruptions, add Cortex Moutan
Herba Dendrobii 109
Radicis {10 g), Radix Scrophulariae (15 g)
After administration of 50 doses of this formula, all and Radix Lithospermi seu Arnebiae (Zi
signs and symptoms had disappeared except for a Gw) (10-20 g).
sensation of five-palm Heat. The patient was not For retention of Damp-Heat on the body
excessively thirsty and the volume of urine surface with a sticky yellow tongue
decreased, while his body weight increased.
coating, add Radix Sophorae Flavescentis
Ketone bodies were negative and sugar in the
(10 g) and Fructus Kochiae (12 g).
urine decreased to ++.
For abdominal pain and constipation,
add Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (5-10 g).
For fever and restlessness, add Gypsum

4. URTICARIA
Fibrosum (15 g) (decocted first) and
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (10 g).
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
— Urticaria is an allergic skin disease marked
by weals of varying shape and size and b. Wind-Cold
intolerable itching; the weals appear and
— Invasion by Wind-Cold causes disharmony
disappear from time to time.
between the Nutrient and Defensive Qi.
— The causes of urticaria include deficiency of
Clinical manifestations include pale red skin
Lung and Defensive Qi complicated with
eruptions which are induced or aggravated
invasion of External Wind, disharmony
by exposure to Wind and alleviated by
between the Spleen and Stomach with
warmth, a thin, white tongue coating and a
improper diet, and Blood Heat complicated
superficial, tense pulse.
with External Wind. The primary treatment
— The treatment principle is to eliminate Wind
method is to eliminate Wind while the
and disperse Cold.
secondary treatment methods include
— The recommended formula is a variation of
clearing Heat, cooling Blood, dispersing
Ma Huang Gui Zhi Ge Ban Tang (Half-
Cold, resolving Dampness and, in chronic
Decoction of Ephedra and Cinnamon Twig)
cases, tonifying Blood and Qi.
and ]ing Fang Bai Dw San (Schizonepeta and
Ledebouriella Powder to Overcome
DIFFERENTIATION
Pathogenic Influences):
a. Wind-Heat Herba Ephedrae 2-3 g
— Wind and Heat combine to invade the Ramulus Cinnamomi 2-5 g
muscles and skin. Clinical manifestations Radix Paeoniae Alba 10 g
232
Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

prescription and replaced by Bombyx Batryticatus,

Herba Schizonepetae lOg
lOg
Fructus Kochiae, Cortex Moutan Radicis and
Radix Ledebouriellae
Cortex Dictamni Radicis to strengthen the action
Folium Perillae 2-3 g
2-3 slices of eliminating Wind and to relieve itching.
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens
After one dose of this new formula, the fever
— Modifications:
subsided and the skin eruptions disappeared.
For Dampness, add Rhizoma seu Radix
Notopterygii (5-10g) and Radix
c. Blood Deficiency
Angelicae Fubescentis (5-10 g).
If Wind-Damp predominates, add — Blood Deficiency produces Wind which
Fructus Xanthii (10-15 g) and raw Semen stays in the muscles and skin. Clinical
Coicis(15g). manifestations include recurrent episodes of A.Ii
For Qi Deficiency and weakness of pale red skin eruptions which are more itchy diffi
Defensive Qi, with susceptibility to the at night, pallor, a slightly red tongue and a gyn;
common cold which may induce new thready pulse. Women may experience more
attacks of urticaria, add Radix Astragali frequent attacks during the pre- and — The
seu Hedysari (10 g) and Rhizoma postmenstrual periods. gyn
Atractylodis Macrocephalae (10 g). — The treatment principle is to nourish Blood to

and eliminate Wind. and

— The recommended formula is a variation of are
CASE STUDY 40.29 disr
Four-Substance Decoction:
URTICARIA . syrr
Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g
Female, age 24
Radix Rehmanniae 10 g
This patient had a history of urticaria and chronic Radix Paeoniae Alba 1°g a. Der
diarrhoea for 2 years. The day before she was Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 5g
seen at the hospital, she noted new skin eruptions Radix Polygoni Mulriflori 15-30 g
all over her body, accompanied by aversion to Herba Schizonepetae 1° g
cold, and fever (39.4'C). The skin eruptions were Radix Ledebouriellae 10 g
papular and caused intolerable itching. Other Bombyx Batryticatus 10 g
signs and symptoms included thirst, scanty deep-
yellow urine, loose stools with four motions daily, a — Modifications:
red tongue border with a sticky white coating, and
- For red skin eruptions which are aggra
a rapid pulse.
vated by heat, add Cortex Moutan
Pathogenesis: Spleen Deficiency with excess Radicis (10 g), Radix Paeoniae Rubra
Dampness, complicated with invasion by (lOg) and Radix Scrophulariae (10-15 g).
pathogenic Wind-Cold, causing stagnation of - For sweating and aversion to Wind, add
Nutritive and Defensive Qi.
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari (10 g) and
Treatment principle: Eliminate Wind, disperse Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Cold and resolve Dampness. (10 g).
The formula consisted of:
- If urticaria is induced by food, or abdom
inal pain and diarrhoea are present in any
Herba Schizonepetae 5g
of the patterns described above, add
Radix Ledebouriellae 5g
Frucrus Crataegi, Massa Fermentata
Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii 5g
Medicinalis and Radix Aucklandiae.
Herba Spirodelae (Fu Ping) 5g
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis 5g - If urticaria is caused by roundworms,
Herba Agastachis 10g add Fructus Quisqualis (Shi jun Zi) (10 g)
Fructus Arctii 10 9 and Cortex Meliae (Ku Lian Gen Pi) (15 g).
Radix Paeoniae Rubra 10 g - For stubborn chronic urticaria, add
Red Poria (Chi Fu Ling) 10 g insects that eliminate Wind such as
Periostracum Cicadae 3g Bombyx Batryticatus (lOg), Scorpio
After two doses, her temperature dropped to (2-5 g), Periostracum Cicadae (2-5g) and
37.8°C, the diarrhoea stopped, the itching Zaocys (10-15 g).
improved and there were signs of Dampness
turning to Heat. Herba Agastachis, Rhizoma seu
Radix Notopterygii and Cortex Magnoliae
Officinalis were therefore removed from the
 233

ty

Gynaecological disorders 41

A. Important points in the bleeding, a profuse thin vaginal discharge

differentiation of and infertility or miscarriage.

gynaecological disorders
b. Excess-type patterns
— The key signs and symptoms in diagnosing
gynaecological disorders are those relating i. Qi Stagnation
to menstruation, leucorrhoea, pregnancy — Clinical manifestations include an irregular
and labour. Systemic signs and symptoms menstrual cycle, hesitant and painful
are secondary in importance and should be menstruation, pelvic inflammation, perni
disregarded if they conflict with the key cious vomiting, palpable abdominal masses
symptoms. and retarded secretion of milk.

a. Deficiency-type patterns
ii. Blood Stagnation
/. Qi Deficiency — Clinical manifestations include a prolonged
— Clinical manifestations include a shortened menstrual cycle, dysmenorrhoea, uterine
menstrual cycle with profuse thin, pinkish bleeding, amenorrhoea, pelvic inflamma
flow, uterine bleeding, uterine prolapse, tion, palpable abdominal masses, persistent
persistent pale lochia following childbirth purple lochia with clots and boring
and spontaneous secretion of milk after abdominal pain which is aggravated by
delivery. pressure.

H. Blood Deficiency
Hi. Phlegm-Damp
— Clinical manifestations include a prolonged
— Clinical manifestations include a profuse
menstrual cycle with scanty thin, pinkish
vaginal discharge, amenorrhoea, infertility,
flow, amenorrhoea, postmenstrual abdom
pernicious vomiting and oedema during
inal pain, miscarriage and insufficient lacta
pregnancy.
tion.

Hi. Spleen Deficiency c. Heat patterns

— Clinical manifestations include persistent
i. Excess-type Heat patterns
uterine bleeding, a profuse thin, odourless ,
— Clinical manifestations include a shortened
white vaginal discharge, pernicious
menstrual cycle with profuse deep-red flow,
vomiting and oedema during pregnancy.
epis taxis during menstruation, uterine
bleeding, vaginal bleeding during
iv. Kidney Deficiency
pregnancy and thick, deep-yellow leucor
— The manifestation of Kidney Yin Deficiency
rhoea.
include a scanty red or dark menstrual flow,
irregular menstruation, uterine bleeding,
amenorrhoea, miscarriage and eclampsia or Deficiency-type Heat patterns
threatened eclampsia. Clinical manifestations include a shortened
— The manifestations of Kidney Yang menstrual cycle with bright-red flow, or a
Deficiency include a thin, pinkish menstrual prolonged dribbling flow, hypertension
flow, irregular menstruation, uterine during pregnancy and threatened eclampsia.
234 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

red tongue with yellow coating and a rapid,

d. Cold patterns
forceful pulse.
i. Deficiency-type Cold patterns The treatment principle is to clear Heat and
— Clinical manifestations include a prolonged cool Blood.
menstrual cycle with scanty pinkish flow, The recommended formula is a variation of
dysmenorrhoea, amenorrhoea, a watery Four-Substance Decoction;
vaginal discharge, pernicious vomiting,
Radix Rehmanniae 15-30g
infertility, palpable abdominal masses and
Cortex Moutan Radicis lOg
lingering abdominal pain which is alleviated
Radix Paeoniae Rubra lOg
by warmth and pressure. lOg
Radix Paeoniae Alba
Radix Scutellariae lOg
ii. Excess-type Cold patterns Fructus Gardeniae lOg
— Clinical manifestations include a prolonged Herba Schizonepetae (charred) lOg
menstrual cycle with scanty dark-red flow, Radix Rubiae lOg

infertility, palpable abdominal masses,

dysmenorrhoea, amenorrhoea and abdom
inal colic which is alleviated by warmth.
B. Menstrual disorders
1. IRREGULAR MENSTRUATION
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
— Irregular menstruation refers to abnormal
changes in the frequency or duration of the
menstrual period or in the amount, colour
Modifications:
For Stagnant Liver Qi turning to Fire,
with symptoms of a bitter taste in the
mouth, stuffiness of the chest and
distending breast pain, add Radix
Bupleuri (5 g), Fructus Meliae Toosendan
(10 g) and Rhizoma Cyperi (10 g).
For Yin Deficiency, add Fructus Ligustri
Lucidi (15g), Herba Ecliptae (15g) and
Radix Ophiopogonis (10-15 g).
ii. Qi Deficiency

and quality of the flow. It includes shortened
cycle, prolonged cycle, irregular cycle, exces
sive amount of menstrual flow, scanty flow,
etc.
— In differentiating menstrual patterns, the
cycle and amount of flow determine
whether the pattern is Hot or Cold; the
colour and quality of the flow determine
whether the pattern is one of Excess or
Deficiency. A shortened cycle with profuse
flow suggests a Heat pattern; a prolonged
cycle with scanty flow suggests a Cold
pattern; a deep-red thick flow suggests a
— Spleen Qi Deficiency implies impairment of
the Spleen's function of controlling Blood,
thus leading to a shortened menstrual cycle.
Clinical manifestations include a shortened
menstrual cycle with profuse thin, pinkish
flow, lassitude, a pale tongue and a weak,
thready pulse.
— The treatment principle is to tonify Qi and
control Blood.
— The recommended formula is a variation of
Tonifying the Spleen Decoction and
Tonifying the Middle and Benefiting Qi
Decoction:

pattern of the Excess type; and a thin pinkish Radix Astragali seu Hedysari 15-20g
flow suggests a pattern of the Deficiency Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae lOg

type. Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae 10 g

Radix Glycyrrhizae 3g
Radix Angelicae Sinensis lOg
a. Shortened menstrual cycle
Arillus Longan 10 g
i. Heat in the Blood Poria 10 g
— This pattern may result from retention of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae 10g
Heat, Yin Deficiency with Empty Fire, or Fire Rhizoma Cimicifugae 3g
originating from Liver Qi Stagnation, all of Radix Bupleuri 3g
Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae 3-5 pieces
which act on the Chong and Ren channels,
forcing the menses to flow ahead of Modifications:
schedule. Clinical manifestations include a
shortened menstrual cycle with a profuse - For excessive bleeding, add charred
thick, deep-red or purple flow, restlessness, a Cortex Trachycarpi (10 g), stir-baked
 Gynaecological disorders 235

Folium Artemisiae Argyi 10g

Rhizoma Zingiberis (5g), Colla Corii
Rhizoma Cyperi (treated) 10g
Asini (lOg) (melted and taken separately)
and Os Sepiellae seu Sepiae (15 g).
/ii. Qi Stagnation
— Liver Qi Stagnation leads to stagnation of
b. Prolonged menstrual cycle
Blood, which blocks the Chong and Ren
i. Cold in the Blood channels and causes a prolonged menstrual
— This pattern may be due to exposure to cold cycle. Clinical manifestations include a
during menstruation or retention of Cold in prolonged menstrual cycle with scanty,
the uterus which coagulates the Blood. normal or dark-red flow, distending abdom
Clinical manifestations include a prolonged inal pain, stuffiness of the chest, breast
menstrual cycle with scanty dark-red flow, distension, hypochondriac pain and a wiry
lower abdominal pain, aversion to cold, cold pulse.
limbs, pallor, a pale tongue with white — The treatment principle is to activate Qi and
coating, and a deep and tense or wiry pulse. resolve Stagnation.
— The treatment principle is to warm the The recommended formula is a variation of
channels and disperse Cold. Si Zhi Xiang Fu Wan (Four-Preparation
The recommended formula is a variation of Cyperi Pill):
Warm the Menses Decoction:
Rhizoma Cyperi l°g
Fructus Evodiae 3g Radix Linderae 5-10 g
Ramulus Cinnamomi 2-5 g Radix Bupleuri 5g
Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 5-10 g
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 5-10 g Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g
Folium Artemisiae Argyi 10 g Herba Lycopi (Ze Ian) 10 g
Rhizoma Zingiberis 3-5 g Radix Aucklandiae 5g
Colla Corii Asini l°g CaulisPerillae(SwGeng) 5-10 g
(melted and taken separately)
— Modifications:
— Modifications:
- For Stagnation of Qi and Blood, add
- For Blood Stagnation with a clotted Semen Persicae (10 g) and Flos Carthami
purple flow, add Semen Persicae (10 g), (5-10 g).
Flos Carthami (5-10g) and Faeces
Trogopterorum (10 g). c. Irregular menstrual cycle

ii. Blood Deficiency i. Liver Qi Stagnation

— Blood Deficiency implies weakness of the
Chong and Ren channels which does not
allow the timely flow of menses. Clinical
manifestations include a prolonged
menstrual cycle with scanty pinkish flow,
sallow complexion, dizziness and vertigo,
palpitations, a pale tongue and a thready
pulse.
— The treatment principle is to benefit Qi and
Blood and regulate menstruation.
The recommended formula is a variation of
Four-Substance Decoction and Ren Shen
Yang Rong Tang (Ginseng Decoction to
Nourish the Nutritive Qi):
Radix A"ngelicae Sinensis 10 g
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15-20 g
Radix Paeoniae Alba 1° g
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 5-10 g
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae 10 g
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari 10 g
Cortex Cinnamomi (treated) 2-5 g
— In cases of Liver Qi Stagnation, stagnation of
Qi leads to disorders of Blood, thus causing
irregular menstruation. Clinical manifesta
tions include irregular menstrual cycle with
hesitant flow, stuffiness of the chest,
distending pain in the breasts, hypochon-
drium and flanks and a wiry pulse.
— The treatment principle is to soothe the
Liver, resolve Stagnation, harmonize the
Blood and regulate menstruation.
The recommended formula is a variation of
Free and Relaxed Powder:
Radix Bupleuri (vinegar treated) 5g
Rhizoma Cyperi l°g
Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 6g
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride 5g
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 5g
Flos Mume Albus 5g
Radix Paeoniae Rubra 10 g
Radix Paeoniae Alba 10 g
236 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

— Modifications: abdomen, a pale tongue and a deep, thready re-

pulse. fo
- For abdominal pain during menstru
— For Kidney Yin Deficiency, the recom TV
ation with hesitant flow, add Semen
mended formula is a variation of Zhi Bai Di Bl.
Persicae (10 g) and Herba Lycopi
Huang Wan (Six-Flavour Rehmannia Pill sk
aog). Th
with Anemarrhena and Phellodendri); for
- For Stagnant Liver Qi turning to Fire, add
Kidney Yang Deficiency, it is a variation of St.
Cortex Moutan Radicis (lOg) and Fructus
Ai Fu Nuan Gong Wan (Mugwort and
Gardeniae (10 g).
Prepared Aconite Pill for Warming the
Womb):
— In either case, the core formula consists of:
CASE STUDY 41.1
IRREGULAR MENSTRUATION Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15-30 g
Fructus Corni 10 g
Female, age 32
Rhizoma Dioscoreae 15 g
This patient complained of a shortened menstrual Semen Cuscutae 15 g
cycle (two periods per month, each lasting 3-7 Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g
days). The flow was scanty and purplish-red with Radix Paeoniae Alba 10 g
clots and she experienced abdominal distension Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 6g
and occasional pain. During the premenstrual
— Modifications:
period, she often experienced stuffiness of the
chest, irritability and distending pain in the breasts. - For Yin Deficiency with Empty Fire, add
Her tongue was red with a yellow coating and her
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (10 g), Cortex
pulse was wiry, rapid and thready.
Phellodendri (5-10g) and Cortex
Pathogenesis: Stagnant Liver Qi turning to Fire. Moutan Radicis (10 g).
- For Yang Deficiency, add Cortex
Treatment principle: Clear Liver Heat and soothe
the Liver. Cinnamomi (2-3g), Radix Dipsaci
(10 g) and Folium Artemisiae Argyi
The formula used was a variation of Free and
aog).
Relaxed Powder with Moutan and Gardenia:
- For Qi Deficiency, add Radix Astragali
Cortex Moutan Radicis 10g seu Hedysari (10-15g) and Radix
Fructus Gardeniae 10 g Codonopsis Pilosulae (10 g).
Radix Bupleuri (vinegar-treated) 5g
Radix Angelicae Sinensts 10 g
Radix Paeoniae Rubra 10 g
Rhizoma Cyperi [prepare^ 10 g
2. FUNCTIONAL UTERINE BLEEDING
Radix Curcumae 10 g
Cortex Albiziae 15 g GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Herba Leonuri 10 g — Functional uterine bleeding is treated in
Rhizoma Atractytodis Macrocephalae 10 g three stages. First, the method of astringing
Poria 10 g
and stopping bleeding is used to stop the
Radix Glycyrrhizae 3g
bleeding. Then the causes are established
This prescription was taken during the and treated. Finally, if there has been a
premenstrual and menstrual periods, and the substantial loss of blood, Qi and Blood are
patient was advised to take the patent medicine tonified.
Free and Relaxed Powder with Moutan and
Gardenia during the rest of the month.
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
After 2 months, her menstrual cycle became
normal. a. Heat in the Blood

— This pattern may arise from retention of

ft. Kidney Deficiency Heat in the Interior, stagnant Qi turning to
— Kidney Deficiency implies irregularity of Fire, or Yin Deficiency producing Internal
the Chong and Ren channels. Clinical Heat. The Heat causes the Blood to move
manifestations include irregular menstrual recklessly, thus weakening the Chong and
cycle with scanty pinkish flow, dizziness, Ren channels. Clinical manifestations
tinnitus, lumbar soreness, dull pain and a include haemorrhage of thick, sticky red-
bearing-down sensation in the lower purple or dark purple blood with clots,
 Gynaecological disorders 237

restlessness, a red tongue and a rapid, Modifications:

forceful pulse. - For Heat in the Blood, add Radix

The treatment principle is to clear Heat, cool Rehmanniae (15-30g), Fructus Gardeniae
Blood, strengthen the Chong channel and
(lOg) and Radix Scutellariae (10 g).
stop bleeding.
The recommended formula is a variation of
Stabilize the Menses Pill:
CASE STUDY 41.2
Radix Rehmanniae 15-30g FUNCTIONAL UTERINE BLEEDING
Plastrum Testudinis 15 g
Female, age 22
(decocted first)
Radix Scutellariae 10 g This patient complained of excessive uterine
Fructus Gardeniae lOg bleeding for the past 3 years, worsening during the
Cortex Phellodendri lOg most recent months. Severe bleeding with
Cortex Moutan Radicis lOg abdominal pain and large clots lasted for 7 days,
Cortex Lycii Radicis lOg the total duration of each menstrual period being
Cortex Trachycarpi (charred) lOg more than 10 days. During the premenstrual
Radix Rubiae 10-15g period she experienced stuffiness of the chest and
Radix Sanguisorbae 10-20g irritability. Before the severe bleeding began she
had had amenorrhoea for 3 months. Her tongue
Modifications: was red with a thin yellow coating and her pulse
was wiry and thready.
For persistent bleeding, add Colla Corii
Asini (10 g, stir-baked in Pollen Typhae) Pathogenesis: Uterine bleeding due to stagnation
and powder of Radix Notoginseng of Blood.
(1.5-3 g, taken separately). Western diagnosis: Functional uterine bleeding
If the bleeding stops gradually, and there
Treatment principle: Primarily to resolve Blood
is deficiency of Yin and Blood, remove
Stasis and stop bleeding; secondarily to provide
Radix Sanguisorbae and Cortex Trachy
tonification.
carpi from the prescription and add Colla
Corii Asini (10 g, melted and taken The formula used consisted of:

separately) and Radix Ophiopogonis Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g

Radix Paeoniae Rubra 10g
Cortex Moutan Radicis 10 g
b. Blood Stagnation
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae 15g

— Stagnation of Blood prevents the return of Sudden Smile Powder 12 g

the Blood to its channels. Clinical manifesta (decocted wrapped)
Herba Leonuri 15g
tions include prolonged dribbling flow of
Rhizoma Cyperi (prepared) 10 g
dark purple blood with clots, lower abdom
Rhizoma Corydalis 10 g
inal pain which is aggravated by pressure
Radix Dipsaci 12 g
but alleviated by discharge of clots, a purple Ramulus Loranthi 12 g
tongue and a deep and wiry, or hesitant Cortex Cinnamomi 1.5 g
pulse. (added at end of decoction)
— The treatment principle is to resolve Blood Fructus Crataegi 15g
Stasis and stop bleeding. After three doses, uterine bleeding substan
— The recommended formula is Sudden Smile tially decreased and abdominal pain
Powder with additions: disappeared.

Pollen Typhae lOg This prescription was taken during the

Faeces Trogopterorum lOg premenstrual and menstrual periods; herbs that
Radix Notoginseng (powdered) 1.5-3g regulate the menstrual cycle were prescribed for
(taken separately) the rest of the month. After 6 months of treatment,
Radix Rubiae 15g the patient fully recovered.
Radix Angelicae Sinensis lOg
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae 15g
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 10 g c. Qi Deficiency
Cortex Moutan Radicis lOg
Radix Paeoniae Rubra 10 g — Spleen Qi Deficiency implies inability of the
Herba Leonuri 10-20g Spleen to control the Blood and weakness of
238 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

the Chong and Ren channels. Clinical returned to work a few days later and
manifestations include uterine haemor gynaecological examination 20 days later was
negative.
rhage or prolonged dribbling flow of
thin pinkish blood, pallor or facial
puffiness, a pale tongue and a soft, thready
pulse.
3. DYSMENORRHOEA
— The treatment principle is to tonify Qi and
control Blood. GENERAL DESCRIPTION

— The recommended formula is a variation of — Premenstrual abdominal pain often results

Tonifying the Spleen Decoction: from stagnation of Qi, pain during menstru
ation results from stagnation of Blood and
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari 15-30 g
postmenstrual pain results from deficiency
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae 10 g
of Blood.
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae 10 g
Rhizoma Zingiberis (stir-baked) 2-5 g — If distension is more pronounced than pain,
Radix Rehmanniae 15 g Qi Stagnation is suggested. If pain is more
Radix Polygon! Multiflori (treated) 15g pronounced than distension, Blood
Os Sepiellae seu Sepiae 15 g Stagnation is suggested. If pain is accompa
nied by a sensation of cold, Cold is
-— Modifications:
suggested. Burning pain suggests Heat.
- For severe haemorrhage resulting in Violent, colicky or stabbing pain which is
Collapse of Qi, decoct 15-30 g of Radix aggravated by pressure suggests an Excess-
Ginseng and administer with 1 g of type pattern. Lingering, dull pain that is
Yunnan Baiyao powder or 3g of alleviated by pressure suggests a Deficiency-
powdered Radix Notoginseng. Blood type pattern.
transfusion should also be given as first — The treatment principles are to regulate Qi
aid. during the premenstrual period, to activate
Blood and resolve Stasis during the
menstrual period and to tonify Deficiency
CASE STUDY 41.3
during the postmenstrual period.
FUNCTIONAL UTERINE BLEEDING

Female, age 44
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
This patient's most recent period had continued
for 20 days. Initially, the flow was purplish-red with a. Stagnation of Qi and Blood
clots, then it turned to a pinkish dribble without
— Stagnation of Liver Qi due to emotional
clots. She was now presenting with a pinkish
stress leads to stagnation of Qi and Blood,
watery flow, lassitude, dull pain on the left side of
allowing Blood to be retained in the uterus.
her abdomen, a pale tongue with no coating, and
Clinical manifestations include distending
a weak, thready pulse.
lower abdominal pain in the premenstrual
Pathogenesis: Deficiency of Qi not allowing the
and menstrual periods and a scanty and
Spleen to control Blood.
hesitant flow of dark purple blood.
Treatment principle: Tonify Qi and control Blood. — If Qi Stagnation predominates, there may be

The formula used was a variation of Tonifying the

distending pain in the breasts and the costal
Spleen Decoction: and hypochondriac regions, with distension
more pronounced than pain. If Blood
Radix Astragalus seu Hedysari 15 g
Stagnation predominates, pain will be more
(treated)
pronounced than distension; it will be aggra
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae 10 g
vated by pressure and alleviated by the
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae 10 g
Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g discharge of clots. There may also be a dark-
Colla Corii Asini 10 g purple tongue and a wiry pulse. If Cold
(melted) predominates, pain is accompanied by a
Rhizoma Zingiberis (charred) 3g sensation of cold and is alleviated by
Os Sepiellae seu Sepiae 12 g warmth.
Cortex Phellodendri 6g
— The treatment principle is to activate Qi and
Cortex Ailanthi 12 g
Blood, resolve Stasis and relieve pain.
After three doses, the flow stopped. The patient — The recommended formula is a variation of
 Gynaecological disorders 239

Blood Mansion Eliminating Stasis Radix Paeon iae Rubra 10g

Fructus Aurantii
Decoction:
Radix Aucklandiae
Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g Semen Persicae 10g
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 10 g Flos Carthami 6g
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae 15 g Faeces Trogopterorum 12g
Semen Persicae 10 g Resina ON ban i 2g
FlosCarthami 10 g Resina Myrrhae 2g
Radix Bupleuri 5g
For the rest of the month, a combination of Gui
Rhizoma Cyperi 10 g
Shao Di Huang Tang (Angelica, Peony and
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride 5g
Rehmannia Decoction) and Free and Relaxed
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 5g
Powder was prescribed.
Rhizoma Corydalis lOg
After 3 months of treatment, the dysmenorrhoea
— Modifications:
disappeared. After another 2 months, the patient
- For Qi Stagnation, add Radix Linderae became pregnant.

(5-10 g) and Caulis Perillae (5-10 g).

- For Blood Stagnation, add Rhizoma
b. Deficiency of Qi and Blood
Sparganii (5-10g), Rhizoma Zedoariae
(5-10g) and 12 g of Sudden Smile — Deficiency of Qi and Blood deprives the
Powder. vessels of the uterus of nourishment. Qi
- For stagnation of Cold, add Cortex Deficiency also leads to Blood Stagnation.
Cinnamomi (2 - 5 g), Fructus Evodiae Clinical manifestations include a lingering,
(2 g) and Folium Artemisiae (10 g). dull pain during or after the menstrual
period which is alleviated by pressure; a
scanty thin, pinkish menstrual flow, pallor,
CASE STUDY 41.4 lassitude, a pale tongue and a weak, thready
DYSMENORRHOEA pulse.

Female, age 29 — The treatment principle is to tonify Qi and

Blood and harmonize the collaterals.
This patient complained of dysmenorrhoea for
— The recommended formula is a variation of
over 10 years, becoming worse in recent
Dang Gui Shao Yao San (Angelica and Peony
years. She did not conceive for 4 years after
Powder):
her marriage. Gynaecological examination
showed retroversion of the uterus with poor Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g
motion, thickened and tender appendix and a Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15 g
moderate degree of erosion and congestion of the Radix Paeoniae Alba 10 g
cervix. She had violent lower abdominal pain on Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 5-10 g
the first 2 days of her period and a profuse flow of Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae 10 g
purplish blood with clots. During the premenstrual Radix Astragali seu Hedysari 15 g
period she experienced stuffiness of the chest, Ramulus Cinnamomi 5g
irritability and distending breast pain. When the Radix Glycyrrhizae 3g
period was over she experienced dizziness,
lumbar soreness, tinnitus and palpitations. She — Modifications:
had a sticky yellow tongue coating and a wiry,
- For Cold, add Folium Artemisiae (10 g)
thready pulse.
and Fructus Evodiae (2-3 g).
Pathogenesis: Stagnation of Qi and Blood, and - For Qi Stagnation, add Rhizoma Cyperi
Liver and Kidney Deficiency. (lOg), Radix Linderae (5-1 Og) and Radix
Treatment principle: Regulate Qi and resolve Aucklandiae (3-5g).
Blood Stasis during the premenstrual and
menstrual periods and regulate the Liver and
Kidneys when the period is over.
CASE STUDY 41.5
During the premenstrual and menstrual periods, a
DYSMENORRHOEA
variation of Ge Xia Zhu Yu Tang (Drive Out Blood
Stasis Below the Diaphragm Decoction) was Female, age 40

prescribed: Since her marriage, this patient had given birth to

Rhizoma Cyperi {prepared} 12g four children and had had two abortions. During

Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10g the past year, she had had a dull lower abdominal
240 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

pain before and during her menstrual periods. The secondary amenorrhoea, hypoplasia of the
pain is alleviated by warmth and pressure. Her uterus, sallow complexion, sore and weak
menstrual flow was profuse and pinkish in colour. lumbar region and knees, dizziness, tinnitus,
Other symptoms and signs included pallor, pain in the heels, lassitude, a dark-pale
dizziness, blurred vision, sore and weak lumbar tongue and a thready and weak or deep and
region and knees, lassitude and loose stool. Her
hesitant pulse.
tongue was pale and flabby with a thin, white
The treatment principle is to tonify the Liver
coating and her pulse was weak and thready.
and Kidneys, nourish Blood and regulate
Gynaecological examination revealed no
abnormality. menstruation.
In cases of Kidney Yin Deficiency, the recom
Pathogenesis: Qi and Blood Deficiency and
mended formula is a variation of Six-
Spleen and Kidney Deficiency.
Flavour Rehmannia Pill; in cases of Kidney
Treatment principle: Tonify Qi and Blood, warm Yang Deficiency, it is a variation of Restoring
and invigorate the Spleen and Kidneys. the Right Pill. In either case, the core
The formula used consisted of: formula consists of:

Radix Astragali seu Hedysari (treated) 15g Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15-30 g
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae lOg Fructus Corni 10-15 g
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae 10 g Fructus Lycii 15 g
Poria 10g Semen Cuscutae 15 g
Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g Radix Paeoniae Alba 10 g
Radix Paeoniae Alba 10 g Rhizoma Dioscoreae 15 g
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 12 g Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 6g Radix Bidentatae 10-15 g
Fructus Amomi 3g
■ Modifications:
(added at end of decoction)
Rhizoma Cyperi (prepared) 10 g - For Yin Deficiency with Empty Fire, add
Rhizoma Ztngiberis (baked) 5g Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (10 g), Cortex
Fructus Psoraleae 10 g Moutan Radicis (10 g) and Cortex Lycii
Rhizoma Corydaiis 10 g
Radicis(lOg).
After 2 months of treatment, the volume of - For Yang Deficiency, add Herba Epimedii
menstrual flow decreased and dysmenorrhoea (lOg), Radix Aconiti Praeparata (2-5 g)
disappeared. and Cortex Cinnamomi (2-5 g).

CASE STUDY 41.6

AMENORRHOEA
4. AMENORRHOEA
Female, age 24
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
This patient's periods had begun at the age of 15,
— Primary amenorrhoea is diagnosed when
with a period once every 2 or 3 months. 6 years
menarche has not occurred by the age of 18.
later, her periods stopped, but returned after
Secondary amenorrhoea is the cessation of treatment with Chinese herbal medicine. She had
menstruation for 3 months in succession. now had no period for 10 months, but did not
— The condition is differentiated into Excess present with any other significant symptoms. Her
and Deficiency types. The Deficiency type is tongue was red with a thin coating and her pulse
the result of Liver and Kidney Deficiency was thready and wiry. She was unmarried.
while the Excess type is caused by Qi and Pathogenesis: Deficiency of the Kidneys and of
Blood Stagnation and retention of Phlegm- Liver Blood.
Damp in the Interior.
Treatment principle: Primarily to tonify the
Kidneys and nourish Blood; secondarily to induce
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
menstruation.

a. Liver and Kidney Deficiency The formula used consisted of:

— Liver and Kidney Deficiency can result from Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15 g
developmental insufficiency or from exces Radix Dipsaci 10g
sive childbearing or sexual activity. Clinical Herba Epimedii 10 g
manifesfations include primary or Semen Cuscutae 15 g
 Gynaecological disorders 241

Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g stagnation Qi and Blood leads to amenor-

Radix Paeoniae Alba 10 g rhoea. Clinical manifestations include
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 6g secondary amenorrhoea, lower abdominal
Semen Biotae 10 g distending pain, depression, a purple tongue
Herba Lycopi 12 g or purple spots on the tongue and a deep
Fructus Leonuri 12 g
and wiry or hesitant pulse.
Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae 10 g
— The treatment principle is to activate the
After 15 doses of this prescription, the patient's circulation of Qi and Blood, resolve Blood
menstrual period returned with a normal colour Stasis and promote menstruation.
and quality of flow. The period lasted for 6 days,
— The recommended formula is a variation of
after which she took Six-Flavour Rehmannia Pill
Blood Mansion Eliminating Stasis
plus Wu Zi Bu Shen Wan (Five-Seed Pill to
Decoction:
Tonify the Kidneys) and Tiao Jing Plan
(Regulate the Menses Pill). 40 days later, her Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g
second period arrived, with a normal colour and Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 10 g
quality of flow. She continued treatment to Radix Paeoniae Alba 10 g
consolidate the therapeutic results. Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae 10 g
Radix Bupleuri 5g
Fructus Aurantii 5-10 g
b. Qi and Blood Deficiency Rhizoma Cyperi 10 g
Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae 10-15g
— Qi and Blood Deficiency implies emptiness
Semen Persicae 10 g
of the Sea of Blood, which deprives the
Flos Carthami 5-15 g
Chong and Ren channels of nourishment.
Clinical manifestations include amenor- — Modifications:
rhoea following a history of scanty and - For Cold patterns marked by lower
pinkish menstrual flow, pallor, lassitude,
abdominal pain and distension accompa
dizziness and vertigo, palpitation, a pale
nied by a feeling of cold and cold limbs,
tongue and a thready, weak pulse. add Cortex Cinnamomi (2-3 g), Fructus
— The treatment principle is to benefit Qi,
Evodiae (2 - 3 g) and Radix Linderae
nourish Blood and promote menstruation.
(5-10).
— The recommended formula is a variation of
- If Stagnant Qi turns to Fire which
Ba Zhen Tang (Eight-Precious Decoction):
combines with Blood Stasis, giving rise to
Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g restlessness, irritability, thirst and a bitter
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15 g taste in the mouth, add Cortex Moutan
Radix Paeoniae Alba 10 g Radicis (10 g), Fructus Gardeniae (10 g)
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 5-10 g and Radix Rubiae (10-15 g).
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae 10 g
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari 10-15 g
d. Retention of Phlegm-Damp in the Interior
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae 10 g
Radix Glycyrrhizae {treated) 3g — Phlegm-Damp in the Interior blocks the
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae 15 g collaterals, including those of the uterus.
Herba Leonuri 15 g Clinical manifestations include amenor

— Modifications: rhoea, obesity, profuse vaginal discharge,

lassitude, a sticky white tongue coating and
- For Spleen Deficiency with reduced a rolling pulse.
appetite and loose stools, remove Radix — The treatment principle is to activate Qi,
Rehmanniae Praeparata from the resolve Phlegm, dry Dampness and invigo
prescription and add Radix Aucklandiae rate the Spleen.
(3 - 5 g), Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae — The recommended formula is Cang Fu Dao
(5g), Massa Fermentata Medicinalis Tan Wan (Atractylodis and Cyperi Pill to
(10 g) and Fructus Crataegi (15 g). Eliminate Phlegm):

Rhizoma Pinelliae 10 g
c. Qi and Blood Stagnation
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 5-10 g
— Stagnation of Qi and Blood results from Poria lOg
Liver Qi Stagnation or retention of Cold. Rhizoma Atractylodis lOg

Blockage of the Chong and Ren channels by Rhizoma Cyperi lOg

242 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

Rhizoma Arisaematis 10 g The recommended formula is a variation of

Fructus Aurantii 5-10 g End Discharge Decoction:
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis 2-3 g
Rhizoma Atractylodis 10-lZg
Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae 10-15 g
Macrocephalae
Rhizoma Atractylodis 5-10 g
— Modifications:
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae 10 g
- For Blood Stagnation, add Rhizoma Rhizoma Dioscoreae 15 g
Ligustici Chuanxiong (10 g) and Herba Radix Astragali seu Hedysari lOg

Leonuri (15 g). Poria 12g

Semen Coicis 15g
Semen Dolichoris 15g
Radix Bupleuri 2-5 g
Rhizoma Cimicifugae 2-5 g
C. Leucorrhoea
Modifications:

1. SIMPLE LEUCORRHOEA
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
— Disorders of vaginal discharge are marked
by a persistent discharge of abnormal fluid
from the vagina, accompanied by lumbar
soreness, dizziness and lassitude. The colour
of the discharge may be white, yellow or
red-white.
— Leucorrhoea is a symptom of various gynae
cological disorders, including vaginitis,
cervicitis, pelvic inflammation and cervical
cancer. The causes of these disorders include
downward movement of Damp-Heat,
stagnant Liver Qi turning to Fire that moves
down with Dampness, Spleen Deficiency
with downward movement of Turbid Damp
and constitutional Kidney Deficiency which
impairs the function of the Dai channel and
allows the downward movement of Turbid
Damp.
— Patterns of Excess are marked by downward
movement of Damp-Heat, while Deficiency
conditions are caused by impaired function
of the Dai channel due to Spleen and Kidney
Deficiency.
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
a. Spleen Deficiency with downward
movement of Turbid Damp
— Spleen Deficiency produces Dampness,
which then moves downward. Clinical
manifestations include a thin, odourless,
white or slightly yellow vaginal discharge,
pallor, lassitude, reduced appetite, loose
stools, a pale tongue with a sticky white
- If Cold-Damp is severe, giving rise to
profuse, watery leucorrhoea and lower
abdominal pain accompanied by a sensa
tion of cold, add Cortex Cinnamomi (2-
5g), Radix Angelicae Dahuricae (10 g)
and Os Sepiellae seu Sepiae (15 g).
- For Damp-Heat, giving rise to a yellow,
foul-smelling vaginal discharge, remove
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae and Radix
Astragali seu Hedysari from the prescrip
tion and add Cortex Phellodendri (10 g),
Cortex Ailanthi (10-15 g) and Rhizoma
Dioscoreae Septemlobae (lOg).
b. Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
— This pattern is due to Heat in the Liver
channel, which combines with Dampness
and moves downward. Clinical manifesta
tions include a yellow-green, sticky and
smelly vaginal discharge, pruritus vulvae,
scanty and deep-red urine, a red tongue
with a sticky yellow coating, and a wiry,
rolling pulse.
— The treatment principle is to clear Liver Heat
and expel Dampness.
— The recommended formula is a variation of
Gentiana Draining the Liver Decoction:
Radix Gentianae 2-5 g
Cortex Phellodendri 10 g
Fructus Gardeniae 10 g
Cortex Moutan Radicis 10 g
Radix Bupleuri
Caulis Akebiae g
Semen Plantaginis 10g
{decocted wrapped)
Semen Coicis 15g

coating, and a soft or thready and soft pulse. Rhizoma Alismatis lOg

— The treatment principle is to benefit Qi,

— Modifications:
invigorate the Spleen, lift Yang and resolve
Dampness. - For red vaginal discharge, add Herba
 Gynaecological disorders 243

Cephalanoploris (10 g), Cortex Ailanthi the function of the Dai channel in controlling
(15 g) and Radix Paeoniae Rubra (10 g). leucorrhoea, resulting in the downward
- For pruritus vulvae, steam and wash movement of Turbid Damp. Clinical
the diseased area with a decoction manifestations include a profuse, odourless
made up of Fructus Cnidii (15-30g), vaginal discharge that looks like egg
Cortex Phellodendri (10-15g), Radix white, sore and weak lumbar region and
Sophorae Flavescentis (15 g) and Alum knees, a dark complexion and a deep
aog). thready pulse.
- For trichomonal vaginitis, grind Fructus The treatment principle is to benefit the
Cnidii and dried alum into a powder (3:1) Kidneys and astringe the discharge.
and mix with melted gelatine to make an The recommended formula is:
ointment for external application. Apply
Semen Cuscutae 15 g
once per day in the evening for 5 consecu
Fructus Rubi 10-15g
tive days. Radix Dipsaci lOg
- Or steam and wash the diseased area with Semen Euryales lOg
a decoction of Radix Stemonae (15 g), Fructus Rosae Laevigatae lOg
Radix Sophorae Flavescentis {15 g), Fructus Corni lOg
dried alum {10 g) and Folium Persicae Os Sepiellae seu Sepiae 15g

(15g) once daily for 5-7 consecutive

Modifications:
days.
- For Yin Deficiency, remove Radix Dipsaci
from the prescription and add Radix
CASE STUDY 41.7 Rehmanniae (15 g), Cortex Moutan
LEUCORRHOEA Radicis (10 g), Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
Female, age 40 {10 g) and Cortex Phellodendri
(5-10 g).
This patient complained of a profuse, thick, yellow
- For Yang Deficiency, add Fructus
vaginal discharge with pruritus. Her menstrual
Alpiniae Oxyphyllae (10 g) and Cortex
cycle was normal, with a profuse, red flow. She
also had lumbar soreness, poor appetite, yellow Eucommiae (10 g).
urine and a red tongue with a thick, sticky yellow - For cancer with a red-white vaginal
coating. A smear of vaginal secretion showed discharge, add Radix Sophorae
fungus +. Subprostatae (15 g), Radix Sophorae
Flavescentis (15 g), Herba Solani Nigri
Pathogenesis: Leucorrhoea due to downward
movement of Damp-Heat. (Long Kui) and Rhizoma Paris
Polyphyllae (Zao Xiu)
Western diagnosis: Colpomycosis
or

Treatment principle: Clear Heat, eliminate - prepare a paste of Arsenolitum (Pi Shi),
Damp, kill fungus and relieve pruritus. alum, realgar and Resina Olibani for
The formula used consisted of: external application.

Radix Gentianae 9g
Radix Rehmanniae 12 g
Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae 15 g
Semen Arecae 9g
2. CHRONIC PELVIC INFLAMMATION
Polyporus Umbellatus 9g
Poria 9g GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Rhizoma Alismatis 9g — Chronic pelvic inflammation may or may

After three doses the leucorrhoea decreased and

not arise out of acute pelvic inflammation. It
the pruritus disappeared. After a further three involves the fallopian tubes, ovaries and
doses, the vaginal discharge and urine were connective tissues of the pelvic cavity. In
normal and a smear of vaginal secretion showed TCM, it falls into the categories of palpable
negative. abdominal masses, leucorrhoea, dysmenor-
rhoea, irregular menstruation and infertility.
It may be caused by retention of Damp-Heat
c. Kidney Deficiency
and stagnant Blood, or by stagnation of Cold
— Kidney Deficiency implies impairment of and Qi.
244 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT right lower abdomen and low-grade fever

(37.5 - 38'C) for 2 months. Gynaecological
a. Retention of Damp-Heat and stagnant
examination showed a cyst 5x6 cm on the right
Blood in the uterus ovary. Her tongue was slightly purple, with a
slightly yellow sticky coating, and her pulse was
— This pattern results from contact with
wiry and rolling.
pathogens during menstruation or after
childbirth when the collaterals of the uterus Pathogenesis: Stagnation of Qi and Blood,

are empty, or through sexual activity. complicated by retention of Heat.

Clinical manifestations include low-grade Western diagnosis: Ovarian cyst

fever, soreness in the lumbo-sacral region
Treatment principle: Circulate Qi, resolve Blood
and lower abdominal pain or a bearing-
Stasis and disperse palpable masses.
down sensation, all of which are aggravated
during menstruation or on exertion. Other The formula used consisted of:

signs and symptoms include a foul yellow Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10g
vaginal discharge, irregular menstruation, Radix Paeoniae Rubra 10g
shortened menstrual cycle, infertility, a dark- Semen Persicae 10g
purple tongue with a sticky yellow coating, Flos Carthami eg
and a soft, hesitant or wiry pulse. Rhizoma Sparganii 6g
— The treatment principle is to clear Heat, Rhizoma Zedoariae 6g
Rhizoma Cyperi (prepared) 10g
expel Dampness, activate the Blood and
resolve Stasis. After six doses, the cyst apparently decreased in
— The recommended formula is a variation of size and the patient had a painful sensation in the
Hong Teng fian (Sargentodoxa Decoction) right lower abdomen. Herba Salviae Sinensis (Shi

plus Four-Marvel Pill: Jian Chuan) (12 g) was then added to the
prescription to clear Heat, eliminate Dampness
Cauhs Sargentodoxae 15-30 g and resolve Stasis.
Herba Patriniae 15-30g
Cortex Moutan Radicis
After a further five doses, the cyst disappeared,
lOg
Flos Lonicerae 15g
but the patient still had fever (37.6'C) and
distension and dull pain in the lower right
Rhizoma Atractylodis lOg
Cortex Phellodendri abdomen, suggesting retention of residual Heat.
lOg
Semen Coicis
Flos Lonicerae (10 g), Caulis Sargentodoxae
lOg
Semen Persicae (15 g) and baked Squama Manitis (12g,
lOg
Rhizoma Corydalis decocted first) were then added to the prescription
lOg
Rhizoma Zedoariae to clear Heat and Toxins, activate Blood circulation
5-10g
and remove obstruction from the channels.
Rhizoma Cyperi 10g
Resina Olibani 2-5g After five doses of this new formula, the patient
Resina Myrrhae 2-5g had fully recovered.
Faeces Trogopterorum lOg

Modifications:
b. Stagnation of Cold and Qi
- For low-grade fever, add Carapax
Trionycis (15 g) (decocted first) and — Exposure to Cold during menstruation or
Cortex Lycii Radicis (10 g). after childbirth leads to stagnation of Cold,
- For palpable masses, add Squama Qi and Blood in the uterus. Clinical manifes
Manitis (15 g) (decocted first) and tations include soreness of the lumbo-sacral
Rhizoma Sparganii (10 g). region, lower abdominal pain, a bearing-
- For constipation and distending abdom down sensation, aversion to cold, irregular
inal pain, add raw Radix et Rhizoma Rhei menstruation, prolonged menstrual cycle,
(5 -10g) and Cortex Magnoliae dysmenorrhoea, purple menstrual discharge
Officinalis(2-5g). with clots, a profuse thin, white vaginal
discharge, a pale tongue or purple spots on
the tongue and a sticky white coating.
CASE STUDY 41.8
OVARIAN CYST
— The treatment principle is to warm the
channels, disperse Cold and activate Qi and
Female, age 28
Blood.
This patient complained of distending pain in the — The recommended formula is a variation of
 Gynaecological disorders 245

Shao Fu Zhu Yu Tang (Drive Out Blood benefit the Kidneys, tonify Qi and Blood,
Stasis in the Lower Abdomen Decoction): clear Heat, cool Blood and protect the fetus.

Cortex Cinnamomi 2-5 g

DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
Fructus Evodiae 1.5-3 g
Radix Angelicae Sinensis lOg a. Qi and Blood Deficiency
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong lOg
Fructus Foeniculi 2-3 g — Qi Deficiency implies an inability to carry
{added at end of decoction) the fetus and Blood Deficiency implies an
Radix Linderae 5-10 g inability to nourish the fetus. Both condi
Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum 2-3 g tions result in uterine bleeding during
{added at end of decoction) pregnancy. Clinical manifestations include
Resina Myrrhae 2-5 g slight bleeding from the vagina in the early
Faeces Trogopterorum lOg
stage of pregnancy, a bearing-down sensa
Rhizoma Corydaiis lOg
tion in the lower abdomen, listlessness,
Modifications: pallor, a pale tongue and a deficient, rolling
pulse.
- For Liver Qi Stagnation with distending
— The treatment principle is to tonify Qi,
hypochondriac and breast pain, add
nourish Blood and protect the fetus.
Radix Bupleuri (5g), Pericarpium Citri
— The recommended formula is a variation of
Reticulatae Viride (5 g) and Semen Citri
Ju Yuan jian (Lift the Source Decoction):
Reticulatae(lOg).
- For Qi Deficiency following a prolonged Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae lOg
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari 10-15g
illness, add Radix Astragali seu Hedysari
Rhizoma Atractylodis 12g
(10-15g) and Radix Codonopsis
Macrocephalae
Pilosulae(lOg).
Colia Corii Asini 10g
- For low-grade fever and a profuse yellow
(melted and taken separately)
discharge, add Cortex Phellodendri Ramulus Loranthi 15g
(10g), Caulis Sargentodoxae (15g) and Radix Boehmeriae 15g
Cortex Ailanthi (10-15g). Rhizoma Cimicifugae
- For Kidney Yang Deficiency with lower
Modifications:
abdominal pain and a sensation of
cold, add Radix Aconiti Praeparata - For Spleen Deficiency with reduced
(2-5g) and Semen Litchi (Li Zhi He) appetite and loose stool, remove Colla
Corii Asini from the prescription and add
Fructus Amomi (2-3 g) (added at end of
decoction), Radix Aucklandiae (3g) and
stir-baked Rhizoma Zingiberis (2-5 g).
D. Disorders of pregnancy - For pronounced Blood Deficiency, add
and delivery Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata (15 g) and
Radix Angelicae Sinensis (10 g).
1. THREATENED AND HABITUAL
MISCARRIAGE b. Kidney Qi Deficiency

GENERAL DESCRIPTION — Kidney Deficiency implies weakness of the

— TCM terms for threatened miscarriage Chong and Ren channels. This deprives the
include abdominal pain during pregnancy, fetus of nourishment and results in threat
restlessness of the fetus and uterine bleeding ened or habitual miscarriage. Clinical
during pregnancy. The TCM term for manifestations include bleeding from the
habitual miscarriage is 'slippery fetus'. Both vagina in the early stage of pregnancy, a
types of miscarriage can be caused by bearing-down sensation in the lower
deficiency of Qi and Blood, or of the abdomen, lumbar soreness, weakness of the
Kidneys, which deprives the fetus of knees, dizziness, tinnitus, frequent urina
nourishment. Another cause is Yin tion, a pale tongue and a deep and weak
Deficiency giving rise to Heat in the Blood pulse.
which disturbs the Chong and Ren channels. — The treatment principle is to tonify the
— The treatment principles are variously to Kidneys and protect the fetus.
246 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

The recommended formula is a variation of c. Yin Deficiency and Heat in the Blood
Shou Tai Wan (Fetus Longevity Pill):
— Yin Deficiency produces internal Heat. Heat
Radix Dipsaci in the Blood disturbs the Chong and Ren
Cortex Eucommiae 10-12g
channels, causing uterine bleeding during I
Ramulus Loranthi "g F
pregnancy. Clinical manifestations include
Semen Cuscutae 15g I
loss of thick red blood during early
Rhizoma Atractylodis 12g b
pregnancy, restlessness, thirst with desire to
Macrocephalae f
Folium Artemisiae Argyi lOg
drink, scanty and yellow urine, a red tongue
/
Colla Corii Asini lOg with thin yellow coating, and a thready,
C
(melted and taken separately) rolling and rapid pulse. F
— The treatment principle is to clear Heat,
Modifications: Moi
nourish Yin, cool Blood and protect the fetus.
For Qi Deficiency, add Radix Codonopsis — The recommended formula is Bao Yin jian - P
Pilosulae (10 g) and Radix Astragali seu (Protect the Yin Decoction) with additions:
Hedysari (10-15 g). Radix Rehmanniae 15g
For excessive bleeding, add Radix Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15g
CAS
Boehmeriae (15 g). Radix Paeoniae Alba l[)g
PEP
Colla Corii Asini lOg
{melted and taken separately) Fern
CASE STUDY 41.9
Herba Ecliptae 15g Locr
THREATENED MISCARRIAGE
Radix Dipsaci 12g but;
Female, age 30 Radix Scutellariae 10-15g her
Cortex Phellodendri 10g blee
In the 5 years since her marriage, this patient had
Radix Boehmeriae 15g little
had three miscarriages, each occurring at
Radix Sanguisorbae lOg
approximately 40 days of pregnancy. She had a purp

delayed menstrual cycle with dysmenorrhoea and three

a moderate amount of flow. Premenstrually, she
Path
had stuffiness of the chest, irritability and
2. PERSISTENT LOCHIA the\
distending breast pain. She also had lumbar
Inter
soreness and a cold sensation in the lower GENERAL DESCRIPTION
abdomen. She was 1 month pregnant and had Trea
— Lochia continuing for more than 2 or 3
been resting in bed. Her tongue was red and her conti
weeks after labour is persistent. Its main
pulse was deep and thready. and ■
causes are weakness of the Chong and Ren
Pathogenesis: Kidney Deficiency complicated channels after childbirth, deficient Qi failing The
with retention of Fire in the Liver channel. to control Blood and stagnation of Blood in R
Treatment principle: Tonify the Kidneys, reduce the Interior. Other causes include deficiency R
Liver Fire and prevent miscarriage. of Yin and Blood, Empty Fire, Stagnant Liver P
Qi turning to Fire and invasion by Heat R
The formula used consisted of:
Toxins. P '
Radix Rehmanniae 8g F

Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 8g S

DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
Radix Dipsaci 12g
Colla Corii Asini {melted) 10 g a. Qi Deficiency P
Ramulus Loranthi 15 g H
— Weakness of the Chong and Ren channels
Semen Cuscutae 15 g
after childbirth makes Qi unable to control Aftei
Radix Paeoniae Alba 10 g
Radix Boehmeriae 30 g Blood. Clinical manifestations include
Folium Artemisiae Argyi {charred) 10 g profuse, pinkish, odourless lochia, a bearing- b. Blot
down sensation, lassitude, dislike of
Later, Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis (12 g), Caulis
speaking, a swollen pale tongue and a — Stap
Bambusae in Taeniam (10g) and Pericarpium
thready, weak pulse. the
Citri Reticulatae (5 g) were added to the
— The treatment principle is to tonify Qi and Clin
prescription to treat headache, irritability, thirst and
retching. control Blood. purr,

— The recommended formula is a variation of pair

The patient took these herbs for over 5 months,
Tonifying the Middle and Benefiting Qi purp
and finally gave birth to a boy at full term.
Decoction: and.
 Gynaecological disorders 247

Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae lOg — The treatment principle is to activate the

Radix Astragali seu Hedysari 10-15g Blood, resolve Stasis and stop bleeding.
Rhi2oma Atractylodis lOg — The recommended formula is a variation of
Macrocephalae Sheng Hua Tang (Generation and
Rhizoma Cimicifugae 3g Transformation Decoction):
Radix Bupleuri 3g
Radix Angelicae Sinensis lOg Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g
Radix Paeoniae Rubra lOg Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 10 g
Radix Paeoniae Alba lOg Radix Saiviae Miltiorrhizae 15 g
Arillus Longan lOg Radix Paeoniae Rubra 10 g
Cornu Cervi Degelatinatium lOg Herba Leonuri 15 g
Folium Artemisiae Argyi lOg Herba Lycopi 10-15 g
Fructus Crataegi 15 g
Modifications: Rhizoma Zingiberis (stir-baked) 2-5 g
Herba Taraxaci 10 g
- For Blood Stagnation, add Herba Leonuri
Faeces Trogopterorum 10 g
(15g)andl2g of Sudden Smile Powder.
— Modifications:

CASE STUDY 41.10 - For invasion by pathogenic Cold, giving

PERSISTENT LOCHIA rise to lower abdominal pain with a cold
Female, age 29 sensation and a general aversion to cold,
add Cortex Cinnamomi or Ramulus
Lochia ceased 10 days after this patient's labour,
but she then carried heavy objects which caused Cinnamomi (2 - 5 g) and Folium
her to begin bleeding again. She had been Artemisiae Argyi (10 g).
bleeding for 2 months, with a red flow and clots but - For stagnation of Qi with stuffiness of the
little abdominal pain. Her tongue was slightly chest and abdominal distension, add
purple with a thin coating and her pulse was Rhizoma Cyperi (10 g) and Radix
thready. Linderae (5-10 g).
Pathogenesis: Physical strain caused damage to
the vessels, leading to stagnation of Blood in the
Interior. CASE STUDY 41.11
PERSISTENT LOCHIA
Treatment principle: Primarily to tonify Qi and
control Blood; secondarily to resolve Blood Stasis Female, age 30
and stop bleeding.
This patient complained of persistent uterine
The formula used consisted of: bleeding for 13 days following abortion. The
blood flow was dribbling and purplish-red in
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari (treated) 12 g
colour with clots. Other symptoms and signs
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae 10 g
included dull lower abdominal pain, a slightly
Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10g
yellow tongue coating and a thready, wiry
Radix Paeoniae Rubra 6g
pulse. Her appetite and energy level remained
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 5g
good.
Rhizoma Zingiberis (baked) 3g
Sudden Smile Powder 15 g Pathogenesis: Retention of residual Blood Stasis
(decocted wrapped) following abortion.
Radix Rubiae (charred) 10g
Treatment principle: Resolve Blood Stasis.
Herba Leonuri 15 g
The formula used was a variation of Generation
After three doses, bleeding stopped.
and Transformation Decoction:

Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10g

b. Blood Stagnation Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 10g
Semen Persicae 10g
— Stagnation of Blood in the uterus prevents
Fructus Crataegi (rau/) 15g
the circulation of Blood in the vessels.
Herba Leonuri 15g
Clinical manifestations include scanty dark- Rhizoma Zingiberis (baked) 2g
purple lochia with clots, lower abdominal Herba Lycopi 10g
pain which is aggravated by pressure, a Radix Saiviae Miltiorrhizae 10g
purple tongue or purple spots on the tongue
After two doses, the bleeding stopped.
and a wiry or deep and forceful pulse.
248 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

c. Heat in the Blood bearing, both of which impair the function of

the Bladder in controlling urination. Clinical
— In this pattern, the Blood becomes reckless manifestations include postpartum retention
due to Yin Deficiency with Empty Fire, or of urine with distension, fullness and pain in
due to pathogenic factors turning to Heat.
the lower abdomen, or urinary frequency or
Clinical manifestations include persistent incontinence; soreness and a cold sensation
thick red or foul lochia, fever, flushed face, in the lumbar region and knees, lassitude,
thirst, a red tongue and a thready, rapid dizziness, tinnitus, a pale tongue and a deep,
pulse. thready pulse.
— The treatment principle is to nourish Yin,
The treatment principle is to tonify the
clear Heat and Fire and stop bleeding. Kidneys and produce Qi.
— The recommended formula is a variation of The recommended formula is Kidney Qi
Protect the Yin Decoction:
Pill:
Radix Rehmanniae 15-30g
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 10-15g
Radix Paeoniae Rubra or Radix lOg
Fructus Corni
Paeoniae Alba 10 g 15 g
Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Radix Scutellariae 10 g Cortex Cinnamomi or Ramulus
Cortex Moutan Radicis 10 g
Cinnamomi 25 g
Cortex Phellodendri 10 g 2-5 g
Radix Aconiti Praeparata
Herba Ecliptae 15 g lOg
Poria
Radix Rubiae 15 g lOg
Rhizoma Alismatis
Os Sepiellae seu Sepiae 12 g
Modifications:
— Modifications:
- For severe urinary incontinence, remove
- For pronounced Yin Deficiency, add
Rhizoma Alismatis from the prescription
Fructus Lycii (10-15 g) and Colla Corii
and add Fructus Schisandrae (5 g),
Asini (lOg).
Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae (10 g) and
- For pronounced Heat and Fire, add
Ootheca Mantidis (10-15 g).
Flos Lonicerae (10 -15g), Fructus
- For lumbar pain, add Cortex Eucommiae
Forsythiae (lOg) and Herba Patriniae
(lOg), Radix Dipsaci (10g) and Fructus
g
Alpiniae Oxyphyllae (10 g).
In any of the above conditions, if there is
- For retention of urine with abdominal
infection with foul lochia or fever, reduce
distension and fullness, add Radix
the dosage of the tonics and add Radix
Linderae (5 g), Polyporus Umbeilatus
Bupleuri (lOg), Radix Scutellariae (10g),
(12 g) and Semen Plantaginis (12 g)
Flos Lonicerae (15 g) and Fructus
(decocted wrapped).
Forsythiae (10 g) to clear Heat and Fire
Poison.
b. Qi Deficiency

— Deficiency of Lung Qi implies impairment of

3. POSTPARTUM URINARY DISORDERS the Lungs' function of regulating the water
passages. Deficiency of Spleen Qi implies
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
impairment of the Spleen's function of trans
— Retention of urine, frequent urination and
formation and transportation of Water and
urinary incontinence may occur during the
Dampness. Clinical manifestations include
postpartum period due to deficiency of
postpartum retention of urine, lower
Upright Qi, damage to the collaterals of the
abdominal distension and fullness, dislike of
uterus and deficiency of Kidney Qi
speaking, lassitude, pallor and a soft, weak
following childbirth, all of which impair the
function of the Bladder in controlling urine. pulse.
— The treatment principle is to tonify Qi and
move Water.
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
— The recommended formula is:
a. Kidney Deficiency
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari 10-15 g
— This may be the result of a constitutional Rhizoma Atractylodis 12 g
Kidney Qi deficiency or of excessive child- Macrocephalae
 Gynaecological disorders 249

Radix Ophiopogonis 10-15g Tong Ru Dan (Special Pill to Promote

Poria lOg Lactation):
Medulla Tetrapanacis
Rhizoma Alismatis 10-15g Radix Astragali seu Hedysari (raw) 10-20 g
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae 10 g
Modifications: Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g
Radix Paeortiae Alba 10 g
If Qi Deficiency is complicated with
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15-20g i i
Blood Stagnation, giving rise to
Radix Ophiopogonis 15 g
painful and hesitant urination with Medulla Tetrapanacis 2-5 g
haematuria, add Pollen Typhae (10 g), Radix Platycodi 5g
Rhizoma Imperatae (15 g) and lg of Semen Vaccariae 10-15 g
powdered Succinum (to be taken
— Modifications:
separately).
For abdominal distension and fullness, - For Spleen and Stomach Deficiency with
add Radix Linderae (5-10 g) and Fructus impairment of transformation and trans
Aurantii(5-10g). portation, remove Radix Rehmanniae
For urinary frequency or incontinence, Praeparata from the prescription and
remove Medulla Tetrapanacis and add Radix Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Rhizoma Alismatis from the prescription (10 g) and Massa Fermentata Medicinalis
and add Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae ttOg).
(10 g), Fructus Corni (10 g), Semen
Cuscutae (10 -15g), Rhizoma
Cimicifugae (3g) and Radix Bupleuri ii. Liver Qi Stagnation
<3g). — Stagnation of Liver Qi blocks the channels
For postparrum retention of urine, fill and collaterals, preventing the secretion of
the umbilicus with salt and place ten milk. Clinical manifestations include stagna
slices of Chinese green onion on the tion of milk, breast distension and pain,
salt. Apply moxibustion on top of the distension and fullness of the chest and
onion. hypochondrium, depression, a thin tongue
coating and a wiry pulse.
— The treatment principle is to soothe the
Liver, relieve stagnation and promote the
4. DISORDERS OF LACTATION
secretion of milk.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION — The recommended formula is a variation of
— Insufficiency or lack of milk, and sponta Xia Ru Yong Quan San (Yong Quan Powder
neous secretion of milk may be caused by to Promote Lactation):
deficiency of Qi and Blood, or by Liver Qi Radix Bupleuri 5g
Stagnation or Liver Fire. Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride 5g
Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 6g
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT
Radix Trichosanthis 15 g
a. Deficient lactation Squama Manitis 10-15g
Semen Vaccariae 10 g
i. Deficiency of Qi and Blood Radix Platycodi 5g
— Qi and Blood Deficiency implies insuffi Medulla Tetrapanacis or Caulis 2-5 g
ciency of the source of milk. Clinical Akebiae
manifestations include scanty and thin milk,
— Modifications:
or a complete absence of milk, soft breasts
without distension or pain, pallor, palpita - If there is pronounced distension,
tion, shortness of breath, spontaneous hardness and pain of the breasts, add
sweating, a pale tongue and a weak, thready Radix Angelicae Dahuricae (10g) and
pulse. Herba Taraxaci (15 g) and apply exter
— The treatment principle is primarily to tonify nally a decoction of Pericarpium
Qi and Blood and secondarily to promote Citri Reticulatae or minced fresh
the secretion of milk. Herba Taraxaci or Folium Hibisci (Fu
— The recommended formula is a variation of Rong Ye).
250 Part 5: The treatment of common diseases

b. Spontaneous secretion of milk E. Miscellaneous disorders

i. Qi Deficiency
— M<
In this pattern, Qi is deficient and fails to 1. MENOPAUSAL SYNDROMES
control the secretion of milk. Clinical
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
manifestations include the spontaneous
— Menopausal syndrome refers to a series of
secretion of small amounts of thin milk,
signs and symptoms due to the decline of
absence of breast distension, lassitude, a pale
ovarian function before and after the cessa
tongue and a thready, weak pulse.
tion of menstruation. These include irregular
— The treatment principle is primarily to tonify
menstruation, dizziness, palpitation,
Qi and Blood and secondarily to astringe
restlessness, insomnia, irritability, tinnitus
milk.
and hypertension.
— The recommended formula is a variation of
— The cause of menopausal syndrome is linked
Eight-Precious Decoction:
to Kidney Deficiency leading to deficiency
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari 10-20 g of the Chong and Ren channels, giving rise
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae 10 g to functional disturbance of the Zang Fu
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae 10 g
and irregularity of the Yin and Yang of the
Radix Angelkae Sinensis 10 g
body.
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15 g
— The treatment principle is primarily to tonify
Radix Paeoniae Alba 10g
Fructus Schisandrae 5g the Kidneys and regulate Yin and Yang and
Semen Euryales 10 g secondarily to soothe the Liver and Heart.
OsDraconis 15 g
{decoded first)
DIFFERENTIATION AND TREATMENT

a. Kidney Deficiency and hyperactivity of

ii. Liver Heat the Liver
— In this pattern, Liver Fire forces milk to flow
— Deficiency of the Kidneys leads to Liver
out. Clinical manifestations include sponta
Yang Rising and disharmony between the
neous secretion of milk, breast distension, a
Heart and Kidneys. Clinical manifestations
bitter taste in the mouth, restlessness,
include hot flushes, restlessness, irritability,
irritability, a red tongue with yellow coating,
mental and emotional tension, dizziness,
and a wiry, rapid pulse.
blurred vision, palpitation, insomnia, five-
— The treatment principle is to soothe
palm Heat, irregular menstruation, night
the Liver, relieve Stagnation and clear
sweats, tidal fever, abnormal sensations of
Heat.
the skin, a red tongue and a thready, wiry
— The recommended formula is a variation
and rapid pulse.
of Dan Zhi Xiao Yao San (Free and
— The treatment principle is to nourish Yin,
Relaxed Powder with Moutan and
suppress Yang, clear Fire and tonify the
Gardenia):
Liver and Kidneys.
Radix Bupleuri (vinegar-treated) 5g — The recommended formula is a variation of
Radix Paeoniae Alba 10 g Six-Flavour Rehmannia Pill with
Cortex Moutan Radicis 10 g Anemarrhena and Phellodendron:
Fructus Gardeniae 10 g
Radix Scutellariae 10 g Radix Rehmanniae 15-30 g
Radix Rehmanniae 10-15 g Fructus Corni 10 g
Fructus Meliae Toosendan 10 g Fructus Lycii 10-15 g
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus 5g Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 10 g
Radix Ophiopogonis 10 g Cortex Phellodendri 10 g
Radix Paeoniae Rubra 10 g OsDraconis 15 g
Radix Glycyrrhizae (raw) 3g (decocted first)
Concha Ostreae 15-20 g
— To stop the secretion of milk, administer a (decocted first)
decoction of 60 g of Fructus Hordei Plastrum Testudinis 10-15 g
Germinatus, and/or wrap 250g of (decocted first)
Natrii Sulfas in cloth and apply to the Radix Polygoni Multiflori 15 g
breasts. Cortex Moutan Radicis 10g
 Gynaecological disorders 251

Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (10 g), Cortex
Poria lOg
Phellodendri (10 g) and Radix Angelicae
— Modifications: Sinensis (10 g).

- For emotional fluctuations such

laughing and crying without reason, CASE STUDY 41.12
restlessness, insomnia and yawning, add MENOPAUSAL SYNDROME
Radix Glycyrrhizae (5g), wheat (15-30 g), Female, age 46
Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae (15-10 pieces)
This patient complained of irregular menstruation
and Radix Stemonae (15-30 g).
for 3 years. 6 months previously, she had
developed dizziness, insomnia, irritability,
b. Spleen and Kidney Deficiency stuffiness of the chest, palpitation, mental tension
and weeping without obvious reason following a
— Kidney Deficiency implies a decline of Ming
conflict. She was currently presenting with loss of
Men Fire and weakness of the Chong and body weight, lassitude, depression, sighing,
Ren channels. Spleen Deficiency implies talking to herself, dream-disturbed sleep, anxiety,
insufficiency of the source of Qi and Blood. a red tongue with scanty coating, and a wiry,
Clinical manifestations include irregular thready pulse.
menstruation, cold limbs, aversion to cold,
Pathogenesis: Loss of balance of Yin and Yang,
lumbar soreness, urgent urination, loose stagnation of Liver Qi, Deficiency of Yin and Blood
stools, lassitude, sallow complexion, a pale and dysfunction of the Heart in housing the Mind.
or dark tongue and a deep, thready and
Treatment principle: Nourish Yin and Blood,
weak pulse.
soothe the Liver and relieve Stagnant Liver Qi,
— The treatment principle is to tonify the nourish the Heart and calm the Mind.
Kidneys, strengthen Yang and invigorate the
Spleen. The formula used was a variation of Licorice,
— The recommended formula is a variation of Wheat and Jujube Decoction, with herbs that
soothe the Heart and calm the Mind:
Restoring the Right Pill:
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 30 g
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15-30g
Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10g
Fructus Corni lOg
Radix Paeoniae Alba 10g
Rhizoma Dioscoreae 15g
Radix Bupleuri (vinegar-treated) 6g
Fructus Lycii lOg
Rhizoma Cyperi {prepared) 10g
Radix Aconiti Praeparata 2-5 g Wheat 30 g
Cortex Cinnamomi 2-5 g
Radix Glycyrrhizae 10g
Comu Cervi 5-10g
Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae 5 pieces
Semen Cuscutae 15g
Semen Ziziphi Spinosae 10g
Radix Angelicae Sinensis lOg
Semen Biotae 10g
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae lOg
Os Draconis 150g
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae lOg
(decocted firsl)
— Modifications: Poria cum Ligno Hospite 10g
Concha Margaritifera Usta 20 g
For Kidney Yang Deficiency and Heart (decocted first)
Fire as a result of disharmony between
After 20 doses, all symptoms had disappeared. A
the Heart and Kidneys, add Rhizoma
follow-up visit 6 months later showed no relapse.
Coptidis (2-5 g), which combines with
Cortex Cinnamomi to harmonize the
Heart and Kidneys.
For oedema of the face and feet, remove
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata from the
prescription and add Poria (12g), Radix
Astragali seu Hedysari (12g) and Radix
Stephaniae Tetrandrae (10 g).
For irregularity between Yin and Yang
with hypertension, prescribe Rhizoma
Curculiginis (lOg), Herba Epimedii
(10g), Radix Morindae Officinalis (lOg),
 252

Appendix 1:
Gu Su
GuYa
Gua L
Gin Be

Pin Yin names of herbs Gui Z)

Hai Fe
Hai G(

with Latin equivalents

Hai Jir
Hai M,
Hai Za
He Hu
He Shi.
Ai Ye Folium Artemisiae Argyi Chuan Shan jia Squama Manitis HeZi
lia ji Tian Radix Morindae Officinalis Chuan Xin Lian Herba Andrographitis Hong I
Bai Bu Radix Stemonae Chuan Xiong Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong Hong t
Bai Don Kou Semen Amomi Cardomomi Chun Gen Pi Cortex Ailanthi Hong 7
8niFu Z; Rhizoma Typhonii C, Ji Li Frucrus Tribuli Hou P<
Bai Cuo Semen Ginkgo Ci Shi Magnetitum HuPo
Bai Him She Agkistrodon Acutus (also Bungarus Daji Herba seu Radix Cirsii Japonici Hu Tao
Parvus) Da Huang Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Hu Zh
Bai Hun She She Can Herba Hedyotis Diffusae Da Qing Yc Folium Isatidis Hua //(,"
Bai fi Rhizoma Bletilla Da Zao Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae Hua Sh
Bai Jiang Cuo Herba Patriniae Dai Mao Carapax Eretmochaelydis Huai H
Bai jie Zi Semen Sinapis Albae DaiZhe Shi Haematirum Huang
Bai Shao Radix Paeoniae Alba Dan Shen Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Huang
Bui Ton Weng Radix Pulsatillae Dan Zhu Ye Herba Lophatheri Huang
Bai Qian Rhizoma Cynanchi Stauntonii Dang Gui Radix Angelicae Sinensis Huang
Bai Wei Radix Ampelopsis Dang Shen Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae Huang
Bai Zhi Radix Angelicae Dahuricae Deng Xin Cao Medulla Junci Effusi Huo Mi
Bai Zhu Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae Di Bie Chong Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga Huo XL
Bai Zi Ren Semen Biotae Di Gu Pi Cortex Lycii Radicis JiNeiJi
Bci Mu Bulbus Fritillariae DiLong Lumbricus Ji Xue 7
Ban Lan Gen Radix Isatidis Di Yu Radix Sanguisorbae Jiang Ci
Ban Xia Rhizoma Pinelliae Ding Xiang Flos Caryophylli Jiang H.
Ban Zhi Lian Herba Scutellariae Barbatae Dong Chong Xie Cao Cordyceps Jie Gen%
Bei Sha Shea Radix Glehniae Dong Gua Zi Semen Benincasae Jin Qiai.
Bi Xk Rhizoma Dioscoreae Septemlobae Du Huo Radix Angelicae Pubescentis Jin Yin i
Bian Don Semen Dolichoris Du Zhong Cortex Eucommiae Jin Ying
Bie lia Carapax Trionycis E Jiao Colla Corii Asini Jingjie
Bing Long Semen Arecae EZhu Rhizoma Zedoariae Ju Hua
Bo He Herba Menthae Fan Xie Ye Folium Cassiae Jue Mini
Bu Gu Zhi Frucrus Psoraleae Fang Feng Radix Ledebourieliae Ku Lian
Can Sha Excrementum Bombycis Mori Fang Ji Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae Kuan Di
Cang Er Z.i Fructus Xanthii Feng Mi Mel Kun Bu
Cang Zhu Rhizoma Atractylodis Fo Sliou Frucrus Citri Sarcodactylis LaiFu Z
Cao Wu Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii Fu Ling Poria Lei Gotif.
Cc Bai Ye Cacumen Biotae Fu Pen Zi Fructus Rubi Li Zhi H
Chili Hsi Radix Bupleuri Fu Ping Herba Spirodelae Lian Qia
Chan Tut Periostracum Cicadae Fu Rong Ye Herba Hibisci Lian Zi
Che Qiim Zi Semen Plantaginis Fu Xiao Mai Frucrus Tritid Levis Ling Yan
Chen Pi Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Fu Zi Radix Aconiti Praeparata Long Da
Chen Xmng Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum Gan Cao Radix Glycyrrhizae Long Gu
Cheng Liu Ramulus Tamarix Chinensis Can Jiang Rhizoma Zingiberis Long Ku,
Chi Fu Ling Ru-d Poria Gao Liang Jiang Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinalis Lu E Met
Chi Shi Zhi Halloysitum Rubrum Ge Gen Radix Puerariae Lu Gen
Chi Shao Radix Paeoniae Rubra Ge lie Gecko Lu Jiao
Chou Wu Tong Folium Cleradendri GeKe Concha Meretricis seu Cyclinae Lu Jiao ji.
Chuan Lian Zi Frucrus MeliaeToosendan Gou Ji Rhizoma Cibotii Lu Jiao Si
Chutin Mu Tong Caulis Clematidis Armandii Gou Teng Ramulus Uncariae cum Unris Lu Rang
Chuan Po Him Flos Magnoliae Officinalis GouQiZi Fructus Lvcii Luo Bu A'
 Appendix 1: Pin Yin names of herbs 253

Gu Sui Bu Rhizoma Drynariae Luo Shi Teng Caulis Trachelospermi

Gu Ya Fructus Oryzae Germinatus Ma Bo Lasiosphaera seu Calvatia
Gua Lou Fructus Trichosanthis Ma Chi Xian Herba Portulacae

Gui Ban Plastrum Testudinis Ma Dou Ling Fructus Aristolochiae

Gui Zhi Ramulus Cinnamomi Ma Huang Herba Ephedrae
Hai Feng Teng Caulis Piperis Futokadsurae Ma Huang Gen Radix Ephedrae
Hai Gou Shen Peniet Testes Callorhini Mai Dong Radix Ophiopogonis

Hai Jin Sha Spora Lygodii Mai Ya Fructus Hordei Germinatus

Hai Ma Hippocampus Man Jing Qi Fructus Viticis

Hai Zao Sargassum Mang Xiao Natrii Sulfas

He Huan Pi Cortex Albizziae Mei Gui Hua Flos Rosae Rugosae
He Shou Wu Radix Polygoni Multiflori Mo Han Lian Herba Ecliptae
He Zi Fructus Chebulae Mo Yao Resina Myrrhae
Hong Hua Flos Carthami Mu Dan Pi Cortex Moudan Radicis
Hong Shen Radix Ginseng Rubra Mu Gua Fructus Chaenomelis
Hong Teng Caulis Sargentodoxae Mm Hu Die Semen Oroxyli
Hou Po Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis Mu Li Concha Ostreae

Hu Po Succinum Mm Xiang Radix Aucklandiae

Hu Tao Rou Semen Juglandis Nan Sha Shen Radix Adenophorae
Hu Zhang Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati Niu Bang Zi Fructus Arctii
Hua jiao Pericarpium Zanthoxyli Niu Huang Calculus Bovis

Hua Shi Talcum Niu Xi Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae

Huai Hua Flos Sophorae Nu Zhen Zi Fructus Ligustri Lucidi

Huang Bai Cortex Phellodendri Ou Jie Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis

Huang Jing Rhizoma Polygonati Pang Da Hai Semen Sterculiae Scaphigerae

Huang Lian Rhizoma Coptidis Pao Jiang Baked ginger
Huang Qi Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Pei Lan Herba Eupatorii
Huang Qin Radix Scutellariae Pi Pa Ye Folium Eriobotryae
Huo Ma Ren Fructus Cannabis Pi Shi Arsenolitum

Huo Xiang Herba Agastachis Pu Huang Pollen Typhae

Ji Net }in Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli Qi Dai Umbilical cord
Ji Xue Teng Caulis Spatholobi Qian Cao Radix Rubiae
Jiang Can Bombyx Batryticatus Qian Hu Radix Peucedani
Jiang Huang Rhizoma Curcumae Longae Qian Niu Zi Semen Pharbitides
Jie Geng Radix Platycodi Qian Shi Semen Euryales
Jin Qian Cao Herba Lysimachiae Qiang Huo Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii
]in Yin Hua Flos Lonicerae Qin Jiu Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae
Jin Ying Zi Fructus Rosae Laevigatae Qin Pi Cortex Fraxini
Jing Jie Herba Schizonepetae Qing Dai Indigo Naturalis
Ju Hua Flos Chrysanthemi Qing Pi Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae Viride
Jue Ming Zi Semen Cassiae Qing Hao Herba Artemisiae Chinghao

Ku Lian Gen Pi Cortex Meliae Quan Xie Scorpio

Kuan Dong Hua Flos Farfarae Ren Dong Teng Caulis Lonicerae

Kun Bu Thallus Laminariae Ren Shen Radix Ginseng

Lai Fu Zi Semen Raphani Rou Cong Rong Herba Cistanchis
Lei Gong Teng Herba Tripterygii Row Dou K.ou Semen Myristicae
Li Zhi He Semen Litchi Ron Gui Cortex Cinnamomi

Lian Qiao Fructus Forsythiae Ru Xiang Resina Olibani

Lian Zi Semen Nelumbinis San Leng Rhizoma Sparganii

Ling Yang Jiao Cornu Antelopis San Qi Radix Notoginseng

Long Dan Cao Radix Gentianae Sang Bai Pi Cortex Mori Radicis

Long Gu Os Draconis Sang fi Sheng Ramulus Loranthi

Long Kui Herba Solani Nigri Sang Piao Xiao Ootheca Mantidis

Lu E Mei Flos Mume Sang Ye Folium Mori

Lu Gen Rhizoma Phragmitis Sang Zhi Ramulus Mori

Lujiao Cornu Cervi Sha Ren Fructus Amomi

Lu Jiao jiao Colla Cornus Cervi Shan Dou Gen Radix Sophorae Subprostratae
Lu Jiao Shuang Cornu Cervi Degelatinatium Shan Yao Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Lu Rang Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum Shan Zha Fructus Crataegi

Luo Bu Ma Folium Apocyni Veneti Shan Zhu Yu Fructus Corni

254 Appendices Appendices

She Can Rhizoma Belamcandae Xuan Shen Radix Scrophulariae

Shen Qu Massa Fermentata Xue Yu Tan Crinis Carbonisatus
Sheng Di Huang Radix Rehmanniae Yan Hu Suo Rhizoma Corydalis
Sheng Jiang Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens Yi Mu Cao Herba Leonuri
Sheng Ma Rhizoma Cimicifugae Yi Tang Saccharum Granorum
Sheng Tie Luo Iron cinder Yi Yi Ren Semen Coicis
Shi Caa Gypsum Fibrosum Yi Zhi Ren Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae
Shi Hu Herba Dendrobii Yin Chai Hu Radix Stellariae
Shi Jian Chitan Herba Salviae Sinensis Yin Chen Hao Herba Artemisiae Capillaris (also
Shi Jue Ming Concha Haliotidis Herba Artemisiae Scopariae)
Shi Jun Zi Fructus Quisqualis Yin Yang Huo Herba Epimedii
Shi Liu Pi Pericarpium Granati Ying Su Ke Pericarpium Papaveris
Shi Wei Folium Pyrrosiae Yu Jin Radix Curcumae Acant
Shu Di Huang Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata Yu Li Ren Semen Pruni Achyr
Shui Zhi Hirudo Yu Xing Cao Herba Houttuyniae Aconi
Su Geng Caulis Perillae YuZhu Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati Aconi
Su Zi Fructus Perillae Yuan Zhi Radix Polygalae Aconi
Suan Zao Ren Semen Ziziphi Spinosae Zao Xin Tu Baked yellow earth Aderu
Suo Yang Herba Cynomorii Zao Xiu Rhizoma Paradis Agasti
Tai Zi Shen Radix Pseudostellariae ZeLan Herba Lycopi Agkisf
Tao Ren Semen Persicae Ze Xie Rhizoma Alismatis Agrim
Tian Dong Radix Asparagi Zhen Zhu Margarita Ailant
Tian Hua Fen Radix Trichosanthis Zhen Zhu Mu Concha Margaritifera Usta Aibizz
Tian Ma Rhizoma Gastrodiae Zhi Mu Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Alism,
Tian Nan Xing Rhizoma Arisaematis Zhi Qiao Fructus Aurantii Allii V
Ting Li Zi Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae Zhi Shi Fructus Aurantii Immaturus Alpini
Tong }i Li Semen Astragali Complanati Zhi Zi Fructus Gardeniae Alpini
Tu Fu Ling Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae Zhu Li Succus Bambusae Amorr
Tu Si Zi Semen Cuscutae Zhu Ling Polyporus Umbellatus Amorr
Wa Leng Zi Concha Arcae Zhu Me Gen Radix Boehmeriae Ampe!
WangBu Liu Xing Semen Vaccariae Zhu Ru Caulis Bambusae Anem;
Wei Ling Xian Radix Clematis Zhu Sha Cinnabaris Andro
Wu Bei Zi Galla Chinensis Zhu Ye Folium Phyllostachyos Angeli
Wu Gong Scolopendra Zi Cao Radix Lithospermum seu Arnebiae Angel i
Wu jia Pi Cortex Acanthopanacis Radicis Zi He Che Placenta Hominis Angeli
Wu Ling Zhi Faeces Trogopterorum Zi Su Ye Folium Perillae Antelo
Wu Mei Fructus Mume Zi Wan Radix Asteris Apocy
Wu Shao She Zaocys Zi Zhu Folium Callicarpae Aquila
Wu Tou Radix Aconiti Zong Lu Tan Petiolus Trachycarpi Carbonisatus Arctii,
Wu Wei Zi Fructus Schisandrae Arecae
WuYao Radix Linderae Arisaer
Wu Zei Gu Os Sepiae Aristoi
Wu Zhu Yu Fructus Evodiae Armen
Xi jiao Cornu Rhinoceri Asiatici Arsenc
Xi Xian Cao Herba Siegesbeckiae Artemi
Xi Xin Herba Asari Artemi
Xi Yang Shen PanacisQuinquetblii Radix Artem i
Xia Ku Cao Spica Prunellae Asari, i
Xian He Cao Herba Agrimoniae Asparvi
Xian Mao Rhizoma Curculiginis Astern
Xiang Fu Rhizoma Cyperi Astray.
Xiang Ru Herba Elsholrzia Astra g.
Xiang Yuan Fructus Citri Atracty
Xiao Hui Xiang Fructus Foenicuii Atracty
Xiao }i Herba Cephalanoploris Auckla
Xie Bai Bulbus Allii Macrostemi Aurant
Xin Yi Hua Flos Magnoliae Aurant
Xing Ren Semen Armeniacae Bambu;
Xu Duan Radix Dipsaci Bambur
Xuan Fu Hua Flos Inulae Batrvtic
 255

Appendix 2:
Latin names of herbs
with Pin Yin equivalents
Acanthopanacis Radicis, Cortex Wu Jia Pi Belamcandae, Rhizoma She Gan
Achyranthis Bidentatae, Radix Niu Xi Benincasae, Semen Dong Gua Zi
Aconiti, Radix Wu Tou Biotae, Cacumen Ce Bai Ye

Aconiti Kusnezoffii, Radix Cao Wu Biotae, Semen Bai Zi Ren ;

Aconiti Praeparata, Radix FuZi BletiHae, Rhizoma Baiji
Adenophorae, Radix Nan Sha Shen Boehmeriae, Radix Zhu Me Gen
Agastachis, Herba Huo Xiang Bombycis Mori, Excrementum Can Sha
Agkistrodon Acutus Bai Hua She Bovis, Calculus Niu Huang
Agrimoniae, Herba Xian He Cao Bupleuri, Radix Chai Hu
Ailanthi, Cortex Chun Gen Pi Callicarpae, Folium Zi Zhu
Albizziae, Cortex He Huan Pi Callorhini, Peni et Testes Hai Gou Shen
Alismatis, Rhizoma Ze Xie Cannabis, Fructus Huo Ma Ren ;

Allii Macrostemi, Bulbus Xie Bai Carthami, Flos Hong Hua

Alpiniae Officinalis, Rhizoma Gao Liang Jiang Caryophylli, Flos Ding Xiang
Alpiniae Oxyphyllae, Fructus Yi Zhi Ren Cassiae, Folium Fan Xie Ye
Amomi Cardomomi, Semen Bai Dou Kou Cassiae, Semen Jue Ming Zi
Amomi, Fructus Sha Ren Cephalanoploris, Herba Xiao Ji

Ampelopsis, Radix Bai Wei Cervi, Cornu Lu Jiao

Anemarrhenae, Rhizoma Zhi Mu Cervi, Colla Cornus Lu Jiao Jiao
Andrographitis, Herba Chuan Xirt Ltan Cervi Degelatinatium, Cornu Lu jiao Shuang
Angelicae Dahuricae, Radix Bai Zhi Cervi Pantotrichum, Comu Lu Rong
Angelicae Pubescentis, Radix DuHuo Chaenomelis, Fructus Mu Gua
Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Dang Gui Chebulae, Fructus HeZi

Antelopis, Cornu Ling Yang ]iao Chinensis, Galla Wu Bei Zi

Apocyni Veneti, Folium LuoBuMa Chrysanthemi, Flos Ju Hua
Aquilariae Resinatum, Lignum Chen Xiang Cibotii, Rhizoma Gou ji
Arctii, Fructus Niu Bang Zi Cicadae, Periostracum Chan Tui

Arecae, Semen Bing Long Cimicifugae, Rhizoma Sheng Ma

Arisaematis, Rhizoma Tian Nan Xing Cinnabaris Zhu Sha j
Aristolochiae, Fructus Ma Dou Ling Cinnamomi, Cortex Rou Gui
Armeniacae, Semen Xing Ren Cinnamomi, Ramulus Gui Zhi \
Arsenolitum Pi Shi Cirsii Japonici, Herba seu Radix Da ji
Artemisiae Argyi, Folium At Ye Cistanchis, Herba Rou Cong Rong ;
Artemisiae Capillaris, Herba Yin Chen Hao Citri, Fructus Xiang Yuan
Artemisiae Chinghao, Herba Qing Hao Citri Reticulatae, Pericarpium Chen Pi

Asari, Herba Xi Xin Citri Retkulatae Viride, Pericarpium Qing Pi :

Asparagi, Radix Tian Dong Citri Sarcodactylis, Fructus Fo Shou ;
Asteris, Radix Zi Wan Clematidis, Radix Wei Ling Xian
Astragali Complanati, Semen Tong fi Li Clematidis Armandii, Caulis Chuan Mu Tong I
Astragali seu Hedysari, Radix HuangQi Clerodendri, Folium Chou Wu Tong \

Atractylodis, Rhizoma Catig Zhu Codonopsis Pilosulae, Radix Dang Shen \

Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Rhizoma Bai Zhu Coicis, Semen Yi Yi Ren \
Aucklandiae, Radix Mu Xiang Concha Arcae Wa Leng Zi '.
Aura nth, Fructus Zhi Qiao Coptidis, Rhizoma Huang Lian

Aurantii Immaturus, Fructus Zhi Shi Cordyceps Dong Chong Xie Cao :
3ambusae, Caulis ZhuRu Corydalis, Rhizoma Yan Hu Suo

3ambusae, Succus Zhu Li Corii Asini, Colla E jiao j

3atryticatus, Bombyx Jiang Can Corneum Gigeriae Galli, Endothelium ji Nei jin \
 256 Appendices Appendices

Corni, Fructus Shan Zhu Yu Isatidis, Folium Da Qing Ye Papaveris,

Crataegi, Fructus Shan Zha Isatidis, Radix Ban Lan Gen Paradis, R'
Crinis Carbonatus Xue Yu Tan Juglandis, Semen Hu Tao Ron Patriniae, 1
Curculiginis, Rhizoma Xian Mao Junci Effusi, Medulla Deng Xin Cao Perillae, C.
Curcumae, Radix Yu Jin Laminariae, Thallus Kun Bu PerilJae, Ft
Curcumae Longae, Rhizoma Jiang Huang Lasiosphera seu Calvatia MaBo Perillae, Fr
Cuscutae, Semen Tu Si Zi Ledebouriellae, Radix Fang Feng Persicae, S
Cynanchi Stauntonii, Rhizoma Bai Qian Leonuri, Herba Yi Mu Cao Peucedani
Cynomorii, Herba Suo Yang Lepidii seu Descurainiae, Semen Ting Li Zi Pharbitide
Cypert, Rhizoma Xiang Fit Ligustici Chuanxiong, Rhizoma Chuan Xiong Phelloden;
Dendrobii, Herba Shi Hu Ligustri Lucidi, Fructus Nit Zhen Zi Phragmiti^
Dioscoreae, Rhizoma Shan Yno Linderae, Radix Wit Yao Phyllostac
Dioscoreae Septemlobae, Rhizoma Bi Xie Litchi, Semen Li Zhi He Pinelliae, F
Dipsaci, Radix Xu Duan Lithospermum seu Arnebiae, Radix Zi Cao Piperis Fut
Dolichoris, Semen Bian Doit Lophatheri, Herba Dan Zhu Ye Plantagini'
Draconis, Os Long Gu Lonicerae, Caulis Ren Dong Teng Platycodi,
Drynariae, Rhizoma Gu Sui Bu Lonicerae, Flos Jin Yin Hua Polygalae,
Ecliptae, Herba Mo Han Lian Loranthi, Ramulus Sang Ji Sheng Polygonal)
Elshoitzia, Herba Xiang Ru Lumbricus DiLong Polygoni C
Ephedrae, Herba Ma Huang Lycii, Fructus Gou Qi Zi Polygoni \
Ephedrae, Radix Ma Huang Gen Lycii Radicis, Cortex Di Gu Pi Poiygonah
Epimedii, Herba Yin Yang Huo Lycopi, Herba Ze Lan Poria
Eretmochaelydis, Carapax Dai Mao Lygodii, Spora Hai Jin Sha Poria (red ■
Eriobotryae, Folium Pi Pa Ye Lysimachiae, Herba Jin Qian Cao Portulacae
Eucommiae, Cortex Du Zhong Magnetitum Ci Shi Prunellae,'
Eupatorii, Herba Pei Lan Magnoliae, Flos Xin Yi Hua Pruni, Serr
Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga Di Bie Chong Magnoliae Officinalis, Cortex HouPo Pseudostel
Euryales, Semen Qian Shi Magnoliae Officinalis, Flos Chuan Po Hua Psoraleae,
Evodiae, Fructus Wit Zhu Yu Manitis, Squama Chuan Shan Jia Puerariae,
Farfarae, Flos Kuan Dong Hua Mantidis, Ootheca SangPiao Xiao Pulsatilla, I
Foeniculi, Fructus Xiao Hui Xiang Margarita Zhen Zhu Pyrrosiae, f
Forsythiae, Fructus Lian Qiao Margarittfera Usta, Concha Zhen Zhu Mu Quisqualis.
Fraxini, Cortex Qin Pi Massa Fermentata Shen Qu Ramulus Ti
Fritillariae, Bulbus Bei Mu Mel Feng Mi Raphani, S*
Gardeniae, Fructus Zhi Zi Meliae, Cortex Ku Lian Gen Pi Rehmannit
Gastrodiae, Rhizoma Tian Ma Meliae Toosendan, Fructus Chuan Lian Zi Rehmannia
Gecko Ge fie Menthae, Herba Bo He Rhei, Radi>
Gentianae, Radix Long Dan Cao Meretricis seu Cyclinae, Concha GeKe Rhinoceri /
Gentianae Macrophyllae, Radix Qin Jin Mori, Folium Sang Ye Rosae Laev
Ginkgo, Semen Bai Guo Mori, Ramulus Sang Zhi Rosae Rug*
Ginseng, Radix Ren Shen Mori Radicis, Cortex Sang Bai Pi Rubi, Fruct
Ginseng Rubra, Radix Hong Shen Morindae Officinalis, Radix Ba Ji Tian Rubiae, Rat
Glehniae, Radix Bei Sha Shen Moutan Radicis, Cortex Mu Dan Pi Saccharum
Glycyrrhizae, Radix Gan Cao Mume, Flos Lit E Mei Salviae Mil
Granati, Pericarpium Shi Liu Pi Mume, Fructus Wu Mei Sanguisorb
Gypsum Fibrosum Shi Gao Myristicae, Semen Ron Don Kou Sargassum
Haematitum Dai Zhe Shi Myrrhae, Resina Mo Yao Sargentodc
Haliotidis, Concha Shi fue Ming Natrii Sulfas Maug Xiao Schisandr,n<
Hailoysitum Rubrum Chi Shi Zhi Nelumbinis, Semen Lian Zi Schizonep*.
Hedyotis Diffusae, Herba Bai Hua She She Cao Nelumbinis Rhizomatis, Nodus Ou Jie Scolopendi
Herba Salviae Sinensis Shijian Oman Notoginseng, Radix San Qi Scorpio
Hibisci, Herba Fit Rong Ye Notopterygii, Rhizoma seu Radix Qiang Huo Scrophulari
Hippocampus Hai Ma Olibani, Resina Ru Xiang Scutellariae
Hirudo Shui Zhi Ophiopogonis, Radix Mai Dong Scutellariae
Hominis, Placenta Zi He Che Oroxyli, Semen Mu Hu Die Sepiae, Os
Houttuyniae, Herba Yu Xing Cao Oryzae Germinatus, Fructus GuYa Sieges becki
Hordei Germinatus, Fructus Mai Ya Ostreae, Concha Mu Li Sinapis Alb
Indigo Naturalis Qing Dai Paeoniae Alba, Radix Bai Shao Smilacis Gl.
Inulae, Flos Xiitin Fit Hua Paeoniae Rubra, Radix Chi Shao Solani Nigr
Iron cinder Sheng Tie Luo Panacis Qu inquefolii, Radix Xi Yang Shen Sophorae, F
 Appendix 2: Latin names of herbs 257

Ying Su Ke Sophorae Subprostratae, Radix Shan Dou Gen

Papaveris, Pericarpium
Zao Xiu Sparganii, Rhizoma San Leng
Paradis, Rhizoma
Bai Jiang Cao Spatholobae, Caulis Ji Xue Teng
Patriniae, Herba
Su Geng Spirodelae, Herba Fu Ping
Perillae, Caulis
Zi SuYe Stellariae, Radix YinChaiHu
Perillae, Folium
Su Zi Stemonae, Radix Bai Bu
Perillae, Fructus
Tao Ren Stephaniae Tetrandrae, Radix Fangji
Persicae, Semen
Qian Hu Sterculiae Scaphigerae, Semen Pang Da Hai
Peucedani, Radix
Pharbitides, Semen Qian Niu Zi Succinum HuPo

Phellodendri, Cortex Huang Bai Talcum Hua Shi

Phragmitis, Rhizoma LuGen Testudinis, Plastrum Gui Ban

Zhu Ye Trachelospermi, Caulis Luo Shi Teng
Phyllostachyos, Folium
Pinelliae, Rhizoma Ban Xia Trachycarpi Carbonisatus, Petiolus Zong Lu Tan

Piperis Futokadsurae, Caulis Hai Feng Teng Tribuli, Fructus Ci Ji Li

Che Qian Qi Trichosanthis, Fructus Gua Lou
Plantaginis, Semen
jie Geng Trkhosanthis, Radix Tian Hua Fen
Platycodi, Radix
Polygalae, Radix Yuan Zhi Trionycis, Carapax Bie Jia
YuZhu Tripterygii, Herba Lei Gong Teng
Polygonati Odorati, Rhizoma
Hu Zhang Trogopterorum, Faeces Wu Ling Zhi
Polygoni Cuspidati, Rhizoma
Polygoni Multiflori, Radix He Shou Wu Typhae, Pollen Pu Huang

Huang ]ing Typhonii, Rhizoma BaiFu Zi

Polygonati, Rhizoma
Fu Ling Umbellatus, Polyporus Zhu Ling
Poria
Chi Fu Ling Umbilical cord Qi Dai
Poria (red)
Ma Chi Xian Uncariae cum Uncis, Ramulus Gou Teng
Portulacae, Herba
Xia Ku Cao Vaccariae, Semen Wang Bu Liu Xing
Prunellae, Spica
Yu Li Ren Viticis, Fructus Man Jing Zi
Pruni, Semen
Tai Zi Shen Yellow earth (baked) Zao Xin Tu
Pseudostellariae, Radix
Bu Gu Zhi Xanthii, Fructus Cang Er Zi
Psoraleae, Fructus
GeGen Zanthoxyli, Pericarpium Hua Jiao
Puerariae, Radix
Bai Toil Weng Zaocys Wu Shao She
Pulsatilla, Radix
Shi Wei Zedoariae, Rhizoma EZhu
Pyrrosiae, Folium
ShiJunZi Zingiberis, Rhizoma (dried) Gan Jiang
Quisqualis, Fructus
Cheng Liu Zingiberis, Rhizoma (baked) Pao Jiang
Ramulus Tamarix Chinensis
LaiFu Zi Zingiberis Recens, Rhizoma Sheng Jiang
Raphani, Semen
Sheng Di Huang Ziziphi Jujubae, Fructus Da Zao
Rehmanniae, Radix
Shu Di Huang Ziziphi Spinosae, Semen Suan Zao Ren
Rehmanniae Praeparata, Radix
Rhei, Radix et Rhizoma Da Huang

Rhinoceri Asiatici, Cornu Xi ]iao

Rosae Laevigatae, Fructus Jin Ying Zi
Rosae Rugosae, Flos MeiGuiHua

Rubi, Fructus Fu Pen Zi

Rubiae, Radix Qian Cao
Saccharum Granorum Yi Tang
Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Radix Dan Shen
Sanguisorbae, Radix DiYu
Sargassum Hai Zao
Sargentodoxae, Caulis Hong Teng
Schisandrae, Fructus Wu Wei Zi
Schizonepetae, Herba ling Jie
Scolopendra Wu Gong

Scorpio Quan Xie

Scrophulariae, Radix Xuan Shen
Scutellariae, Radix Huang Qin
Scutellariae Barbatae, Herba Ban Zhi Lian

Sepiae, Os Wu Zei Gu
Siegesbeckiae, Herba Xi Xian Cao
Sinapis Albae, Semen Bai Jie Zi
Smilacis Glabrae, Rhizoma Tu Fu Ling
Solani Nigri, Herba Long Kui
Sophorae, Flos Huai Hua
 258

Appendix 3:
Pin Yin names offormulae
with English equivalents
An Gong Niu Huang Wan Bu Yang Huan Wu Tang
Calm the Palace Pill with Cattle Gallstone Tonify the Yang to Restore Five-tenths Decoction
Ba Zhen Tang Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang
Eight-Precious Decoction Tonifying the Middle and Benefitting Qi Decoction
Ba Zheng San Cang Fu Dao Tan Wan
Eight-Herb Powder for Rectification Atractylodes and Cyperi Pill to Eliminate Phlegm
Bai He Gu Jin Tang Chai Ge fie Ji Tang
Lily Bulb Decoction to Preserve the Metal Bupleurum and Kudzu Decoction to Release the Muscle
Bai Hu Cheng Qi Tang Layer

White Tiger Decoction for Ordering the Qi Chai Hu Shu Gan Tang
Bai Hu Jia Cang Zhu Tang Bupleurum Soothing the Liver Decoction
White Tiger Decoction with Atractylodis Chuan Xiong Cha Tiao San
Bai Hu Jia GuiZhi Tang Ligusticum-Green Tea Regulating Powder
White Tiger Ramulus Cinnamomi Decoction Ci Zhu Wan
Bai Hu Jia Ren Shen Tang Magnetite and Cinnabar Pill
White Tiger plus Ginseng Decoction
Cong Bai Qi Wei Yin
Bai Hu Tang Scallion Decoction with Seven Ingredients
White Tiger Decoction
Cong Chi Tang
Bai Tou Weng Tang Scallion and Prepared Soybean Decoction
Pulsatilla Decoction
Cong Chi Jie Geng Tang
Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian Ma Tang Scallion and Prepared Soybean Decoction with
Pinellia-Atractylodes-Gastrod ia Decoction Platycodon

Ban Xia Hou Po Tang Da An Wan

Pinellia and Magnolia Bark Decoction Great Tranquility Pill

BaoHeWan Da Bu Yin Wan

Preserving and Harmonizing Pill Great Tonify the Yin Pill

Bao Yin Jian Da Bu Yuan Jian

Protect the Yin Decoction Great Tonify the Source Decoction

Bei Mu Gua Lou San Da Cheng Qi Tang

Fritillaria-Trichosanthes Powder Major Order the Qi Decoction

Bei Xie Fen Qing Yin Da Ding Feng Zhu

Dioscorea Hypoglauca Decoction to Separate the Clear Major Arrest Wind Pearl

Bie Jia Jian Wan Da Huang Mu Dan Tang

Turtle Shell Pill Rhubarb and Moutan Decoction
Bu Fei E Jiao Tang Da Huang Fu Zi Tang
Tonifying the Lung Decoction with Ass-Hide Gelatin Rhubarb and Prepared Aconite Decoction

Bu Huan Jin Zheng Qi San Da Jian Zhong Tang

Rectify the Qi Powder Worth More Than Gold Major Strengthening the Middle Decoction
 Appendix 3: Pin Yin names of formulae 259

Da Qing Long Tang Fu Zi Li Zhong Wan

Major Bluegreen Dragon Decoction Prepared Aconite Pill to Regulate the Middle
Da Xian Xiong Tang Fu Zi Tang
Major Sinking into the Chest Decoction Prepared Aconite Decoction
Dai Ge San Gan Lu Xiao Du Dan
Indigo Naturalis-Concha Meretricis Powder Sweet Dew Special Pill to Eliminate Toxin
Dan Shen Yin Gan Mai Da Zao Tang
Salvia Decoction Licorice, Wheat and Jujube Decoction
Dan Zhi Xiao Yao San Ge Gen Qin Lian Tang
Free and Relaxed Powder with Moutan and Gardenia Kudzu, Coptis and Scutellaria Decoction
Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang Ge Xia Zhu Yu Tang
Angelica Decoction to Tonify the Blood
Drive Out Blood Stasis Below the Diaphragm Decoction
Dang Gui }ian Zhong Tang Geng Yi Wan
Angelica Strengthening the Middle Decoction Pill Requiring a Change of Clothes
Dang Gui Liu Huang Tang Gu Chong Tang
Dang Gui and Six-Yellow Decoction Stabilize Gushing Decoction
Dang Gui Long Hui Wan Gu Jing Wan
Dang Gui, Gentiana and Aloe Pill Stabilize the Menses Pill
Dang Gui Shao Yao San Gua Lou Xie Bai Ban Xia Tang
Angelica and Peony Powder
Trichosanthis-Allium-Pinellia Decoction
Dang Gui Si Ni Tang Gui Pi Tang
Angelica Four Rebellious Decoction Tonifying the Spleen Decoction
Dang Gui Si Ni Jia Wu Zhu Yu Sheng Jiang Tang Gui Shao Di Huang Tang
Angelica Four Rebellious Decoction with Evodia and Angelica, Peony and Rehmannia Decoction
Ginger
Gui Zhi Fu ZiTang
Dao Chi San
Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Prepared Aconite
Eliminating Redness Powder
Gui Zhi Tang
Dao Tan Tang
Cinnamon Twig Decoction
Eliminating Phlegm Decoction
Gui Zhi jia Ge Gen Tang
Di Huang Yin Zi
Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Kudzu
Rehmannia Decoction
Gui Zhi Jia Hou Po Xing Zi Tang
Ding Chuan Tang
Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Magnolia Bark and
Arrest Wheezing Decoction Apricot Kernel

Ding Xian Wan Gui Zhi jia Ren Shen Tang

Arrest Seizures Pill Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Ginseng
Ding Xiang Shi Di Tang Hei Xiao Yao San
Clove and Persimmon Calyx Decoction Black Free and Relaxed Powder
Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang Hong Teng Jian
Angelica Pubescens-Loranthus Decoction Sargentodoxa Decoction

E }iao ji Zi Huang Tang Hou Po Wen Zhong Tang

Ass-Hide Gelatin and Egg Yolk Decoction Magnolia Bark Decoction for Warming the Middle
Er Miao San Hu Qian Wan
Two-Marvel Powder Hidden Tiger Pill

Fang ji Huang Qi Tang Hua Ban Tang

Stephania and Astragalus Decoction
Fu Fang Cheng Qi Tang
Revised Major Order the Qi Decoction
Fu Yuan Huo Xue Tang
Revive Health by Invigorating the Blood Decoction
Decoction for Relieving Feverish Rash
Hiiai Hua San
Sophora Japonica Flower Powder
Huang Lian Jie Du Tang
Coptis Decoction to Relieve Toxicity
 260 Appendices Appendices

Huang Long Tang

Liu Jun Zi Tang
Yellow Dragon Decoction
Six Gentlemen Decoction
Huang Qi Jtan Zhong Tang
Liu Wei Di Huang Wan
Astragalus Decoction to Construct the Middle Six-Flavour Rehmanniae Pill
Huang Tu Tang
Liu Yi San
Yellow Earth Decoction
Six-to-One Powder
Hut Yang Jin Ji Tang
Long Dan Xie Gan Tang Ren Sh
Restore Collapsed Yang Decoction
Gentiana Draining the Liver Decoction Gir
Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San
Ma Huang Tang Rum Cf
Agastache Upright Qi Powder
Ephedra Decoction Mo
jiChuan Jian
Ma Huang Fu Zi Xi Xin Tang San Ao
Benefit the River Decoction
Ephedra, Asarum and Prepared Aconite Decoction Thr
Ji Ming San
Ma Huang Gui Zhi Ge Ban Tang San Ret
Powder to Take at Cock's Crow
Half-Decoction of Ephedra and Cinnamon Twig Thr
ji Sheng Shen Qi Wan
Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang San Wu
Invigorate the Kidney Qi Pill
Ephedra-Prunus-Gypsum-GIycyrrhiza Decoction Thn
jia Jian Wei Rui Tang
Ma Zi Ren Wan San Zi 1
Modified Polygonatum Oderatum Decoction
Hemp Seed Pill Thrt
Jian Pi Wan
Mang Shi Gun Tan Wan Sang ju
Strengthen the Spleen Pill
Chlorite-Schist Pill for Chronic Phlegm Syndromes Mul
Jiao At Tang
Mu Li San Sang Pu
Ass-Hide Gelatin and Mugwort Decoction
Oyster Shell Powder Man
Jin Ling 7a San
Niu Huang Qing Xin Wan Sang Xu
Melia Toosendan Powder
Cattle Gallstone Pill to Clear the Heart Mull
Jin SuoGujing Wan
Nuan Gan Jian Sha Sher,
Metal Lock Pill to Stabilize the Essence
Warm the Liver Decoction Gleh
}ing Fang Bai Du San
Ping Wei San Shao Fu .
Schizonepeta and Ledebouriella Powder to Overcome
Balancing the Stomach Powder Driv.
Pathogenic Influences
Pu Ji Xiao Du Yin Shao Yao
Jiu Wei Qiang Hu Tang
Universal Benefit Decoction to Eliminate Toxin Peon
Nine-Herb Decoction with Notopterygium
Qi ju Di Huang Wan She Gan ,
Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang
Lycium Fruit, Chrysanthemum and Rehmannia Pill Belar
Tangerine Peel and Bamboo Shaving Decoction
Qian Zheng San Shen Fu ".
}u Yuan jian
Lead to Symmetry Powder Pana:
Lift the Source Decoction
Qiang Huo Sheng Shi Tang Shen Fu [
Li Zhong Wan
Notopterygium Dispelling Dampness Decoction Pana1
Regulating the Middle Decoction
Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang Shen Lin;i.
Liang Git Wan
Artemisia Annua and Soft-shelled Turtle Shell Decoction Pana*
Galangal and Cyperus Pill

Qing Qi Hua Tan Wan Shen Qi V

Ling Can Wu Wei Jiang Xin Tang
Clearing Heat-Resolving Phlegm Decoction Kidne
Poria-Glycyrrhiza-Schisandra-Zingiber-Asarum
Decoction Qing Shu Yi Qi Tang Sheng Fit
Ginsei
Ling Gui Zhu Can Tang Clear Summerheat and Augment the Qi Decoction
Poria-RamulusCinnamomi-Atractylodes-Glycyrrhiza Qing Wei San Sheng Hut
Decoction Gener.
Clearing the Stomach Powder
Ling liao Cou Teng Tang Sheng Ma
Qing Wen Bai Du Yin
Antelope Horn and Uncaria Decoction Cimici
Clear Epidemics and Overcome Toxin Decoction
Ling Ma Bai Hu Tang Sheng Mai
Qing Ying Tang
White Tiger Decoction with Antelopis and Gastrodia Clear the Nutritive Level Decoction Gener;
 Appendix 3: Pin Yin names of formulae 261

Ren Shen Bai Du San Sheng Tie Luo Yin

Ginseng Powder to Overcome Pathogenic Influences Iron Filings Decoction

Ren Shen Ge fie San Shi Hui San

Ginseng and Gecko Powder Ten Partially-charred Substance Powder

Ren Shen Hu Tao Tang Shi Pi San

Ginseng and Walnut Decoction Strengthening the Spleen Decoction

Ren Shen Yang Rong Tang Shi Xiao San

Ginseng Decoction to Nourish the Nutritive Qi Sudden Smile Powder

Run Chang Wan Shi Zao Tang

Moisten the Intestines Pill Ten-Jujube Decoction

San Ao Tang Shou Tai Wan

Three-Unbinding Decoction Foetus Longevity Pill

San Ren Tang Shui Lu Er Xian Dan

Three-Nut Decoction Water and Earth Immortals Special Pill

San Wu Bei ji Wan Si fun ZiTang

Three Substance Pill for Emergencies Four Gentlemen Decoction

San Zi Yang Qin Tang Si Miao Wan

Three-Seed Nourishing Parents Decoction Four-Marvel Pill

Sangfu Yin Si Miao Yong An Tang

Mulberry Leaf and Chrysanthemum Decoction Four-Valiant Decoction for Well-Being

Sang Piao Xiao San Si Ni fia Ren Shen Tang

Mantis Egg-Case Powder Four Rebellious Decoction with Ginseng

Sang Xing Tang Si Ni fiu fi Tang

Mulberry Leaf and Apricot Kernel Decoction Four Rebellious Restore Collapsed Yang Decoction

Sha Shen Mai Dong Tang Si Ni Tang

Glehnia-Ophiopogonis Decoction Four Rebellious Decoction

Shao Fu Zhu Yu Tang Si Shen Wan

Drive Out Blood Stasis in the Lower Abdomen Decoction Four-Miracle Pill

Shao Yao Tang Si Wu Tang

Peony Decoction Four Substance Decoction

She Gan Ma Huang Tang Si Zhi Xiang Fu Wan

Belamcanda and Ephedra Decoction Four-Preparation Cyperi Pill

Shen Fu Tang Su He Xiang Wan

Panax-Aconitum Decoction Styrax Pill

Shen Fu Long Mu Tang Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang

Panax-Aconitum Decoction with Long Gu and Mu Li Perilla Seed Lowering Qi Decoction

Shen Ling Bai Zhu San Suan Zao Ren Tang

Panax-Poria-Atractylodis Powder Sour Jujube Decoction

Shen Qi Wan Tao Ren Cheng Qi Tang

Kidney Qi Pill Peach Pit Decoction to Order the Qi

Sheng Fu Tang Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin

Ginseng and Aconite Decoction Gastrodia-Uncaria Decoction

ShengHua Tang Tian Tai Wu Yao San

Generation and Transformation Decoction Top-Quality Lindera Powder

Sheng Ma Ge Gen Tang Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan

Cimicifuga and Kudzu Decoction Heavenly Emperor Tonifying the Heart Pill

Sheng Mai San Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang

Generating the Pulse Powder Regulate the Stomach and Order the Qi Decoction
 262 Appendices Appendices

Ting Li Da Zao Xie Fei Tang Xiao Feng San

Descurainia and Jujube Decoction to Drain the Lungs Eliminate Wind Powder

Tang Ru Dan Xiao Huo Luo Dan

Special Pill to Promote Lactation Minor Invigorate the Collaterals Special Pill

Tong Xie Yao Fang Xiao ft Yin Zi

Important Formula for Painful Diarrhoea Cephalanoplos Decoction

Tong Yang Si Ni Tang Xiao Jian Thong Tang

Unblock the Yang Four Rebellious Decoction Minor Strengthening the Middle Decoction

Wan Dai Tang Xiao Ke Fang

End Discharge Decoction Prescription to Treat Diabetes

Wei Jing Tang Xiao Qing Long Tang

Reed Decoction Small Green Dragon Decoction

Wei Ling San Xiao Xian Xiong Tang

Calm the Stomach with Poria Decoction Small Sinking Chest Decoction

Wen Dan Tang Xiao Yao San

Warming the Gall Bladder Decoction Free and Relaxed Powder

Wen Jing Tang Xie Bai San

Warm the Menses Decoction Expelling Whiteness Powder

Wen Pi Tang XieXin Tang

Warm the Spleen Decoction Drain the Epigastrium Decoction

Wu Ling San Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang

Five Ingredient Powder with Poria Irtula and Haematite Decoction

Wu Pi San Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang

Five-Peel Powder Blood Mansion Eliminating Stasis Decoction

Wu Wei Xiao Du Yin Yang He Tang

Five-Ingredient Decoction to Eliminate Toxin Yang-Heartening Decoction

Wu Zhi Yin Yang Yin Qing Fei Tang

Five Juice Decoction Nourish the Yin and Clear the Lungs Decoction

Wu Zhu Yu Tang Yi Guan Tang

Evodia Decoction Linking Decoction

Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang Yi Huang Tang

Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction Change Yellow (Discharge) Decoction

Xia Ru Yong Quan San Yi Wei Tang

Yong Quan Powder to Promote Lactation Benefitting the Stomach Decoction

Xian Fang Huo Ming Yin Yi Yi Ren Tang

Sublime Formula for Sustaining Life Coix Decoction

XiangLian Wan Yin Chen Hao Tang

Aucklandia and Coptis Pill Artemisia Yinchenhao Decoction

Xiang Ru Yin Yin Qiao San

Elsholtzia Decoction Honeysuckle and Forsythia Powder

Xiang Sha Liu ]un Zi Tang You GuiWan

Six Gentlemen Decoction with Aucklandia and Amomum Restoring the Right Pill

Xiang Su San Yu Nu fian

Cyperus and Perilla Leaf Powder Jade Woman Decoction

Xiao Chai Hu Tang Yu Ping Feng San

Small Bupleurum Decoction Jade Windscreen Powder

Xiao Cheng Qi Tang Yueju Wan

Minor Order the Qi Decoction Gardenia-Ligusticum Pill
 Appendix 3: Pin Yin names of formulae 263

Zai Zao San

Renewal Powder

Zeng Ye Cheng Qi Tang

Increase the Fluids and Order the Qi Decoction

Zhcn Can Xi Feng Tung

Pacifying the Liver and Subduing Wind Decoction

Zhcn Ren Yang Zang Tang

True Man's Decoction to Nourish the Organs

Zhcn Wu Tang
True Warrior Decoction

Zhi Bai Di Huang Wan

Six-Ravour Rehmannia Pill with Anemarrhena and
Phellodendri

Zhi Bao Dan

Greatest Treasure Special Pill

Zhi Gan Cao Tang

Glycyrrhiza Decoction

Zhi Shi Dao Zhi Wan

Citrus Aurantius Eliminating Stagnation Pill

Zhi Shi Xiao Pi Wan

Immature Bitter Orange Pill to Reduce Focal Distension

ZhiZhu Wan
Aurantia Immaturus-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Pill

Zhi ZiDou Chi Tang

Gardenia and Prepared Soybean Decoction

Zhou Che Wan

Vessel and Vehicle Pill

Zhu Ling Tang

Polyporus Decoction

Zhu Sha An Shen Wan

Cinnabar Pill to Calm the Spirit

Zhu Ye Liu Bang Tang

Lophatheri-Tamarix-Arctii Decoction

Zhu YeShiGaoTang
Lophatherus and Gypsum Decoction

Zi Xue Dan
Purple Snow Special Pill

Zuo Gui Wan

Restoring the Left Pill

Zuo Gui Yin

Restoring the Left Decoction

Zuo jin Wan

Left Metal Pill
 264

Appendix 4:
Cinn
Kern
C

English names offormulae

Cinn
G

Citru

with Pin Yin equivalents

Z.

Cleai
Q
Clear
Agastache Upright Qi Powder Balancing the Stomach Powder Q
Huo Xiaug Zheng Qi San Ping Wei An
Clear
Angelica and Peony Powder Belamcanda and Ephedrae Decoction Q
Dang Gui Shao Yao San She Gan Ma Huang Tang
Clear
Angelica Decoction to Tonify the Blood Benefit the River Decoction
Q-
Dang Gui Bit Xue Tang ji Oman Jian
Clear
Angelica Four Rebellious Decoction Benefiting the Stomach Decoction
Q*
Dang Gui Si Ni Tang Yi Wei Tang
Clovt
Angelica Four Rebellious Decoction with Evodia and Black Free and Relaxed Powder Dt
Ginger Hei Xiao Yao San
Dang Gui Si Ni Wit Zhu Yu Sheng Jiang Tang Coix i
Blood Mansion Eliminating Stasis Decoction Y.
Angelica, Peony and Rehmannia Decoction Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang
Gui Shao Di Huang Tang Copt;
Bupleurum and Kudzu Decoction to Release the Muscle Hi
Angelica Pubescens-Loranthus Decoction Layer
Du Huo fi Sht'ng Tang Cypei
Chat Ge fie }i Tang
Xi.
Angelica Strengthening the Middle Decoction Bupleurum Soothing the Liver Decoction
Dang Gui Jiati /.hong Tung Dang
Chai Hit Shu Gan Tang
Da
Antelope Horn and Uncaria Decoction Calm the Palace Pill with Cattle Gallstone
Ling ]iao Gou Teng Tang Dang
An Gong Niu Huang Wan
Dii
Arrest Seizures Pill Calm the Stomach with Poria Powder
Ding Xian Wan Decoc
Wei Ling San
Hi
Arrest Wheezing Decoction Cattle Gallstone Pill to Clear the Heart
Ding Oman Tang Descu
Niu Huang Qing Xin Wan
Tit.
Artemisia Annua and Soft-shelled Turtle Shell Decoction Cephalanoplos Decoction
Qing Hao Bie }ia Tang Xiao )i Yin Zi Diosct
Bet
Artemisia Yinchenhao Decoction Change Yellow (Discharge) Decoction
Yin Chen Hao Tang Drain
Yi Huang Tang
Xie
Ass-Hide Gelatin and Egg Yolk Decoction Chlorite-Schist Pill for Chronic Phlegm Syndromes
E [iao ji Zi Huang Tang Drive t
Mang Shi Gun Tan Wan
Ge
Ass-Hide Gelatin and Mugwort Decoction Cimicifuga and Kudzu Decoction
Iiao Ai Tung Drive <
Sheng Ma Ge Gen Tang
Sha
Astragalus Decoction to Construct the Middle Cinnabar Pill to Calm the Spirit
Huang Qi juin Zhang Tang Zhu Slia An Shen Wan Fight-I
Ba.
Atractylodes and Cyperi Pill to Eliminate Phlegm Cinnamon Twig Decoctioin
ding Fu Duo Tun Wan Gui Zhi Tang Eight-!

Aucklandia and Coptis Pill Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Ginseng

Xiang Lian Wan Elimin.
Gui Zhi \ia Ren Shen Tang
Xim
Aurantia Immaturus-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Pill Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Kudzu
Zhi Zhu Wan Gui Zhi ]ia Ge Gen Tang Elimin,
 Appendix 4: Latin names of formulae 265

Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Magnolia Bark and Apricot Eliminating Redness Powder
Kernel Duo Chi San
Gin ZhiI in Hou Po Xing Zi Tang
Elsholtzia Decoction
Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Prepared Aconite Xin tig Rn Yin
Gin Zhi Fit Zi Tang
End Discharge Decoction
Citrus Aurantius Eliminating Stagnation Pill Wan Dai Tnng
Zhi Shi Dao Zhi Wan
Ephedra Decoction
Clear Epidemics and Overcome Toxin Decoction Ma Huang Tang
Qing Wen Bui Du Yin
Ephedra, Asarum and Prepared Aconite Decoction
Clear Summerheat and Augment the Qi Decoction
Ma Huang Fit Zi Xi Xin Tang
Qing Shu Yi Qi Tung
Ephedra-Prunus-Gypsum-Glycyrrhiza Decoction
Clear the Nutritive Level Decoction
Ma Xing Sin Can Tang
Qing Ying Tang
Evodia Decoction
Clearing Heat-Resolving Phlegm Decoction
Wit Zhu Yu Tang
Qing Qi Hun Tan Wan
Expelling Whiteness Powder
Clearing the Stomach Powder
Xk' Bai San
Qmg Wei Snn
Five-Ingredient Decoction to Eliminate Toxin
Clove and Persimmon Calyx Decoction
Wit Wei Xiao Du Yin
Ding Xiang Shi Di Tang
Five Juice Decoction
Coix Decoction
Wu Zhi Yin
Yi Yi Ren Tang
Five Ingredient Powder with Poria
Coptis Decoction to Relieve Toxicity
Wu Ling San
Huang Linn ]ie Dn Tang
Five-Peel Powder
Cyperus and Perilla Leaf Powder
Wit Pi San
Xiang Su Snn

Foetus Longevity Pill

Dang Gui and Six-Yellow Decoction
Slum Tai Wan
Dang Gui Liu Huang Tang

Dang Gui, Gentiana and Aloe Pill Four Gentlemen Decoction

Dung Gui Long Hui Wan Si fun Zi Tang

Decoction for Relieving Feverish Rash Four-Marvel Pill

Hua Ban Tang Si Miao Wan

Descurainia and Jujube Decoction to Drain the Lungs Four-Miracle Pill

Ting Li Da Zao Xie Fei Tang .Si Shen Wan

Dioscoreae Hypoglauca Decoction to Separate the Clear Four-Preparation Cyperi Pill

Bel Xte Fen Qing Yin Si Zhi Siang Fit Wan

Drain the Epigastrium Decoction Four Rebellious Decoction

Xic Xin Tnng Si Ni Tang

Drive Out Blood Stasis Below the Diaphragm Decoction Four Rebellious Decoction with Ginseng
Ge Xia Zliu Yu Tang Si Ni lia Ren Shen Tang

Drive Out Blood Stasis in the Lower Abdomen Decoction Four Rebellious Restore Collapsed Yang Decoction
Shao Fit '/.hit Yu I'ang Si Ni )ih ji Tang

Eight-Herb Powder for Rectification Four Substance Decoction

8a Zheng San Si Wu Tang

Light-Precious Decoction Four-Vaiumt Decoction tor Well-Being

Ba Zhcn Tang Si Miao Yong An Ting

Eliminate Wind Powder Free and Relaxed Powder

Xiao Feng San Xiao Yao Snn

Eliminating Phlegm Decoction Free and Relaxed Powder with Moutan and Gardenia
Dao Tan Tang Dan Zhi Xiao Yao San
 266 Appendices Appendices

Fritillaria-Trichosanthis Powder Immature Bitter Orange Pill to Reduce Focal Distension

Bei Mu Gua Lou San Zhi Shi Xiao Pi Wan

Galangal and Cyperus Pill Important Formula for Painful Diarrhoea

Liang Gu Wan Tong Xie Yao Fang

Gardenia and Prepared Soybean Decoction Increase the Fluids and Order the Qi Decoction
Zhi Zi Dou Chi Tang Zeng Ye Cheng Qi Tang

Gardenia-Ligusticum Pill Indigo Naruralis-Concha Meretricis Powder

Yue Ju Wan Dai Ge San

Gastrodia-Uncaria Decoction Inula and Haematite Decoction

Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang

Generating the Pulse Powder Invigorate the Kidney Qi Pill

Sheng Mai San /; Sheng Shen Qi Wan

Generation and Transformation Decoction Iron Filings Decoction

Sheng Hua Tang Sheng Tie Luo Yin

Gentiana Draining the Liver Decoctionn Jade Windscreen Powder

Long Dan Xie Gan Tang Yu Ping Feng San

Ginseng and Aconite Decoction Jade Woman Decoction

Sheng Fu Tang Yu Nu Jian

Ginseng and Gecko Powder Kidney Qi Pill

Ren Shen Gejie San Shen Qi Wan

Ginseng and Walnut Decoction Kudzu, Coptis and Scutellaria Decoction

Ren Shen Hu Tao Tang Ge Gen Qin Lian Tang

Ginseng Decoction to Nourish the Nutritive Qi Lead to Symmetry Powder

Ren Shen Yang Rong Tang Qian Zheng San

Ginseng Powder to Overcome Pathogenic Influences Left Metal Pill

Ren Shen Bai Du San Zuojin Wan

Glehnia-Ophiopogonis Decoction Licorice, Wheat and Jujube Decoction

Sha Shen Mai Dong Tang Gan Mai Da Zao Tang

Glycyrrhiza Decoction Lift the Source Decoction

Zhi Gan Cao Tang Ju Yuan Jian

Great Tonify the Source Decoction Ligusticum-Green Tea Regulating Powder

Da Bu Yuan Jian Chuan Xiong Cha Tiao San

Great Tonify the Yin Pill Lily Bulb Decoction to Preserve the Metal
Da Bu Yin Wan Bai He Gu Jin Tang

Great Tranquility Pill Linking Decoction

Da An Wan Yi Guan Tang

Greatest Treasure Special Pill Lophatheri-Tamarix-Arctii Decoction

Zhi Bao Dan Zhu Ye Liu Bang Tang

Ha If-Decoction of Ephedra and Cinnamon Twig Lophatherus and Gypsum Decoction

Ma Huang Gui Zhi Ge Ban Tang Zhu Ye Shi Gao Tang

Heavenly Emperor Tonifying the Heart Pill Lycium Fruit, Chrysanthemum and Rehmannia Pill
Tian Wan Bu Xin Dan Qi ju Di Huang Wan

Hemp Seed Pill Magnetite and Cinnabar Pill

Ma Zi Ren Wan Ci Zhu Wan

Hidden Tiger Pill Magnolia Bark Decoction for Warming the Middle
Hu Qian Wan Hou Po Wen Zhong Tang

Honeysuckle and Forsythia Powder Major Arrest Wind Pearl

Yin Qiao San Da Ding Feng Zhu
 Appendix 4: Latin names offormulae 267

Major Bluegreen Dragon Decoction Perilla Seed Lowering Qi Decoction

Da Qing Long Tang Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang

Major Order the Qi Decoction Pill Requiring a Change of Clothes

Da Cheng Qi Tang Geng Yi Wan

Major Sinking into the Chest Decoction Pinellia and Magnolia Bark Decoction
Da Xian Xiong Tang Ban Xia Hou Po Tang

Major Strengthening the Middle Decoction Pinellia-Atractylodes-Gastrodia Decoction

Da Jian Zhong Tang Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian Ma Tang

Mantis Egg-Case Powder Polyporus Decoction

Sang Piao Xiao San Zhu Ling Tang

Melia Toosendan Powder Poria-Glycyrrhiza-Schisandra-Zingiber-Asarum Decoction

jin Ling Zi San Ling Gan Wu Wei Jiang Xin Tang

Metal Lock Pill to Stablilise the Essence Poria-RamulusCinnamomi-Atractylodes-Glycyrrhiza

jin Suo Gu Jing Wan Decoction

Ling Gui Zhu Gan Tang
Minor Invigorate the Collaterals Special Pill
Powder to Take at Cock's Crow
Xiao Huo Luo Dan
Ji Ming San
Minor Order the Qi Decoction
Prepared Aconite Decoction
Xiao Cheng Qi Tang
Fu Zi Tang
Minor Strengthening the Middle Decoction
Prepared Aconite Pill to Regulate the Middle
Xiao jian Zhong Tang
Fu Zi Li Zhong Wan
Modified Polygonatum Odoratum Decoction
Prescription to Treat Diabetes
Jia Jian Wei Rui Tang
Xiao Ke Fang
Moisten the Intestines Pill
Preserving and Harmonizing Pill
Run Chang Wan
BaoHeWan
Mulberry Leaf and Apricot Kernel Decoction
Protect the Yin Decoction
Sang Xing Tang
Bao Yin Jian
Mulberry Leaf and Chrysanthemum Decoction
Pulsatilla Decoction
Sang ju Yin
Bai Tou Weng Tang
Nine-Herb Decoction with Notopterygii
Purple Snow Special Pil!
jiu Wei Qiang Hu Tang
Zi Xue Dan

Notopterygium Dispelling Dampness Decoction

Rectify the Qi Powder Worth More Than Gold
Qiang Huo Sheng Shi Tang
Bu Huan Jin Zheng Qi San

Nourish the Yin and Clear the Lungs Decoction Reed Decoction
Yang Yin Qing Fei Tang Wei Jing Tang

Oyster Shell Powder Regulate the Stomach and Order the Qi Decoction
Mm Li San Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang

Pacifying the Liver and Subduing Wind Decoction Regulating the Middle Decoction
Zhen Gan Xi Feng Tang Li Zhong Wan

Panax-Aconitum Decoction Rehmannia Decoction

Shen Fit Tang Di Huang Yin Zi

Panax-Aconitum Decoction with Long Gu and Mu Li Renewal Powder

Shen Fu Long Mu Tang Zai Zao San

Panax-Poria-Atractylodis Powder Restore Collapsed Yang Decoction

Shen Ling Bai Zhu San Hui Yang jiu ji Tang

Peach Pit Decoction to Order the Qi Restoring the Left Decoction

Tao Ren Cheng Qi Tang ZuoGui Yin

Peony Decoction Restoring the Left Pill

Shao Yao Tang Zuo Gui Wan
 268 Appendices Appendices

Restoring the Right Pill Stephania and Astragalus Decoction

You Cui Wan Fang Ji Huang Qi Tang
Revised Major Order the Qi Decoction Strengthen the Spleen Pill
Fu Fang Cheng Qi Tang fian Pi Wan

Revive Health by Invigorating the Blood Decoction Strengthening the Spleen Decoction
Fu Yuan Huo Xue Tang Shi Pi Yin

Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction Styrax Pill

Xi fine Di Huang Tatig
Su He Xiang Wan
Rhubarb and Moutan Decoction
Sublime Formula for Sustaining Life
Da Huang Mu Dan Tang
Xian Fang Huo Ming Yin
Rhubarb and Prepared Aconite Decoction Sudden Smile Powder
Da Huang Fu Zi Tang Shi Xiao San

Salvia Decoction
Sweet Dew Special Pill to Eliminate Toxin
Dan Shen Yin
Can Lu Xiao Du Dan
Sargentodoxa Decoction
Tangerine Peel and Bamboo Shaving Decoction
Hong Teng jian
ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang
Scallion and Prepared Soybean Decoction Ten-jujube Decoction
Cong Chi Tang
Shi Zao Tang

Schizonepeta and Ledebouriella Powder to Overcome

Ten Partially-charred Substance Powder
Pathogenic Influences Shi Hui San
}ing Fang Bai Du San
Three-Nut Decoction
Six-Flavour Rehmanniae Pill San Ren Tang
Liu Wei Di Huang Wan
Three-Seed Nourishing Parents Decoction
Six-Flavour Rehmannia Pill with Anemarrhena and San Zi Yang Qin Tang
Phellodendri
Zhi Bai Di Huang Wan Three Substance Pill for Emergencies
San Wu Bei }i Wan
Six Gentlemen Decoction
Liu fun Zi Tang Three-Unbind ing Decoction
San Ao Tang
Six Gentlemen Decoction with Aucklandia and
Amomum Tonify the Yang to Restore Five-tenths Decoction
Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang Bu Yang Huan Wu Tang

Six-to-One Powder Tonifying the Lung Decoction with Ass-Hide Gelatin

Liu Yi San Bu Fei E fiao Tang

Small Bupleurum Decoction Tonifying the Middle and Benefitting Qi Decoction

Xiao Chai Hu Tang Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang

Small Green Dragon Decoction Tonifying the Spleen Decoction

Xiao Qing Long Tang Gin Pi Tang

Small Sinking Chest Decoction Top-Quality Lindera Powder

Xiao Xian Xiong Tang Tian Tat Wu Yao San

Sophora Japonica Flower Powder Trichosanthis-Allium-Pinellia Decoction

Huai Hua San Gua Lou Xie Bai Ban Xia Tang

Sour Jujube Decoction True Man's Decoction to Nourish the Organs

Suan Zao Ren Tang Zhen Ren Yang Zang Tang

Special Pill to Promote Lactation True Warrior Decoction

Tong Ru Dan Zhen Wu Tang

Stabilize Gushing Decoction Two-Marvel Powder

Gu Chong Tang Er MiaoSan

Stabilize the Menses Pill Turtle Shell Pill

Gu Jing Wan Biejiajian Wan
 Appendix 4: Latin names offormulae 269

Universal Benefit Decoction to Eliminate Toxin

Pu Ji Xiao Du Yin

Unblock the Yang Four Rebellious Decoction

Tong Yang Si Ni Tang

Vessel and Vehicle Pill

Zhou Che Wan

Warm the Liver Decoction

Nuan Can ]ian

Warm the Menses Decoction

Wen ]ing Tang

Warm the Spleen Decoction

Wen Pi Tang

Warming the Gall Bladder Decoction

Wen Dan Tang

Water and Earth Immortals Special Pill

Shui Lu Er Xian Dan

White Tiger Decoction

Bai Hu Tang

White Tiger Decoction for Ordering the Qi

Bai Hu Cheng Qi Tang

White Tiger Decoction with Antelopis and Gastrodia

Ling Ma Bai Hu Tang

White Tiger Decoction with Atractylodis

Bai Hu Jia Cang Zhu Tang

White Tiger plus Ginseng Decoction

Bai Hu jia Ren Shen Tang

White Tiger Ramulus Cinnamomi Decoction

Bai Hu Jia Gui Zhi Tang

Yang-Heartening Decoction
Yang He Tang

Yellow Dragon Decoction

Huang Long Tang

Yellow Earth Decoction

Huang Tu Tang

Yong Quan Powder to Promote Lactation

Xia Ru Yong Quan San
 270

Appendix 5:
Artet
Yi

Formulae and constituent herbs Ass-r

£

Angelica and Peony Powder Radix Ginseng

Dang Gui Siiao Yao San Radix Glycyrrhizae
Radix Angelicae Sinensis Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Radix Paeoniae Radix Paeoniae Alba
Poria Radix Rehmanniae
Rhizoma Alismatis
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong Angelica Strengthening the Middle Decoction
Dang Guijian Zhong Tang Ass-H
Angelica and Six-Yellow Decoction Radix Paeoniae Jia.
Dang Gui Liu Hang Tang Ramulus Cinnamomi
Radix Angelicae Sinensis Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Radix Rehmanniae Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae
Radix Scutellariae Saccharum Granorum
Cortex Phellodendri Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Rhizoma Coptidis
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Antelope Horn and Uncaria Decoction
Ling Jiao Gou Teng Tang Atracr
Angelica Decoction to Tonify the Blood Cornu Antelopis Cat
Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang Folium Mori
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae
Radix Angelicae Sinensis Radix Rehmanniae
Caulis Uncariae cum Uncis
Angelica, Gentian and Aloe Pill Flos Chrysanthemi
Dang Gui Long Hui Wan Poria cum Ligno Hospite
Radix Angelicae Sinensis Radix Paeoniae Alba
Radix Gentianae Radix Glycyrrhizae
Fructus Gardeniae Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam
Rhizoma Coptidis
Cortex Phellodendri Arrest Wheezing Decoction Astrag
Radix Scutellariae Ding Oman Tang Hm
Aloe Semen Ginkgo
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Herba Ephedrae
Radix Aucklandiae Fructus Perillae
Moschus Radix Glycyrrhizae
Flos Farfarae
Angelica Pubescens-Loranthus Decoction Semen Armeniacae Amarum
Du Huo }i Sheng Tang Cortex Mori Radicis
Radix Angelicae Pubescentis Radix Scutellariae
Ramulus Loranthi Rhizoma Pinelliae Auckla
Cortex Eucommiae Xiat
Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae Artemisia Annua and Soft-shelled Turtle Shell Decoction }
Radix Asari Qitig Hao Bie Jia Tang I
Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae Herba Artemisiae Chinghao
Poria Carapax Trionycis Auranti
Cortex Cinnamomi Radix Rehmanniae Zhi:
Radix Ledebouriellae Rhizoma Anemarrhenae F
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong Cortex Moutan Radicis F
 Appendix 5: Formulae and constituent herbs 271

Artemisia Yinchenhao Decoction Balancing the Stomach Powder

Yin Chen Hao Tang Ping Wei San

Herba Artemisiae Capillaris Rhizoma Atractylodis

Fnictus Gardeniae
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis

Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae

Radix Glycyrrhizae

Ass-Hide Gelatin and Egg Yolk Decoction

Belamcanda and Ephedra Decoction
E Jiao ]i Zi Huang Tang
Coila Corii Asini She Gan Ma Huang Tang

Radix Paeoniae Alba Rhizoma Belamcandae

Concha Haliotidis Herba Ephedrae

Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens

Radix Rehmanniae Herba Asari

Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata Radix Asteris

Concha Ostreae Flos Farfarae

Caulis Trachelospermi Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae

Poria cum Ligno Hospite Rhizoma Pinelliae

Egg yolk Fructus Schisandrae

Benefit the River Decoction

Ass-Hide Gelatin and Mugwort Decoction
JiChuan Jian
Jiao Ai Tang
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae
Coila Corii Asini
Radix Glycyrrhizae Herba Cistanchis

Folium Artemisiae Argyi Rhizoma Alismaris

Rhizoma Cimirifugae
Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Radix Paeoniae Fructus Aurantii

Radix Rehmanniae
Benefiting the Stomach Decoction

Atractylodes and Cyperi Pill to Eliminate Phlegm Yi Wei Tang

Radix Ophiopogonis
Cang Fu Dao Tan Wan
Rhizoma Atractylodis Radix Rehmanniae
Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati
Rhizoma Cyperi
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Radix Adenophorae
Crystallized brown sugar iBing Tang)
Rhizoma Pinelliae
Rhizoma Arisaematis
Poria Black Free and Relaxed Powder
Fnictus Aurantii Immaturus Hei Xiao Yao San
Radix Bupleuri
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Radix Paeoniae Alba

Astragalus Decoction to Construct the Middle Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae

Huang Qi }ian Zhong Tang Poria

Radix Paeoniae Radix Glycyrrhizae

Ramulus Cinnamomi Radix Rehmanniae or Radix Rehmanniae

Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata Praeparata

Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens

Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae Blood Mansion Eliminating Stasis Decoction
Saccharum Granorum XueFuZhu Yu Tang
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Semen Persicae
Flos Carthami

Aucklandia and Coptis Pill Radix Angelicae Sinensis

Radix Rehmanniae
Xiang Lian Wan
Rhizoma Coptidis Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong

Radix Aucklandiae Radix Paeoniae Rubra

Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae

Aurantia Immaturus-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Pill Radix Platycodi

Radix Bupleuri
Zhi Zhu Wan
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus Fructus Aurantii

Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae Radix Glycyrrhizae

 272 Appendices Appendices

Bupleurum and Kudzu Decoction to Release the Muscle Layer Herba Cephalanoploris
Chai Ge lie ]i Tang Talcum
Radix Bupleuri Caulis Akebiae
Radix Puerariae Pollen Typhae
Radix Glycyrrhizae Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis
Radix Scutellariae Herba Lophatheri Cinn;
Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii Radix Angelicae Sinensis Kern*
Radix Angelicae Dahuricae Fructus Gardeniae Gi
Radix Paeoniae Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Radix Platycodi
Change Yellow [Discharge] Decoction
Bupleurum Soothing the Liver Decoction Yi Huang Tang
Chai Hit Shu Can Tang Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Semen Euryales
Radix Bupleuri Cortex Phellodendri
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong Semen Plantaginis
Rhizoma Cyperi Semen Ginkgo Cinna
Fructus Aurantii
Gu
Radix Paeoniae Chlorite-Schist Pill for Chronic Phlegm Syndromes
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata Mang Shi Gun Tan Wan
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
Calm the Palace Pill with Cattle Gallstone Radix Scutellariae
An Gong Nin Hang Wan Chlorite-schist
Folium Artemisiae Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum
Rhizoma Cyperi
Fructus Evodiae Cimicifuga and Kudzu Decoction Citrus
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong Sheng Ma Ge Gen Tang Zhi
Radix Paeoniae Alba
Rhizoma Cimicifugae
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Radix Puerariae
Radix Dipsaci Radix Paeoniae
Radix Rehmanniae Radix Glycyrrhizae
Cortex Cinnamomi
Radix Angelicae Sinensis Cinnabar Pill to Calm the Spirit
Zhu Sha An Shen Wan
Calm the Stomach with Poria Powder Cinnabaris
Wei Ling San
Rhizoma Coptidis Clear I
Polyporas Umbellatus Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata Qin
Rhizoma Alismatis Radix Rehmanniae
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Poria
Ramulus Cinnamomi Cinnamon Twig Decoction
Rhizoma Atractylodis CuiZhiTang
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis Ramulus Cinnamomi
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Radix Paeoniae
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae
Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae Radix Glycyrrhizae

Cattle Gallstone Pill to Clear the Heart

Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Ginseng
Niu Huang Qing Xin Wan Giii Zhi jia Ren Shen Tung
Calculus Bovis
Ramulus Cinnamomi
Cinnabaris
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata Clear 5
Rhizoma Coptidis
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Radix Scutellariae Radix Ginseng
Fructus Gardeniae Rhizoma Zingiberis
Radix Curcumae

Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Kudzu

Cephalanoplos Decoction Gui Zhi jia Ge Gen Tang
Xiao // Yin Zi
Ramulus Cinnamomi
Radix Rehmanniae Radix Paeoniae
 Appendix 5: Formulae and constituent herbs 273

Radix Puerariae Radix Glycyrrhizae

Radix Glycyrrhizae Rice (Geng Mi)
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens Watermelon peel
Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae
Clear the Nutritive Level Decoction
Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Magnolia Bark and Apricot Qing Ying Tang
Kernel Cornu Rhinoceri Asiatici
Gui Zhi fia Hou Po Xing Zi Tang Radix Rehmanniae
Ramulus Cinnamomi Radix Scrophulariae
Radix Paeoniae Herba Lophatheri
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis Radix Ophiopogonis
Semen Armeniacae Amaru m Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae
Radix Glycyrrhizae Rhizoma Coptidis
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens Flos Lonicerae
Fnictus Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus Forsythiae

Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Prepared Aconite Clearing Heat-Resolving Phlegm Pill

Gui Zhi Fu Zi Tang Qing Qi Hua Tan Wan

Ramulus Cinnamomi Fructus Trichosanthis
Radix Paeoniae Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
Radix Aconiti Praeparata Radix Scutellariae
Radix Glycyrrhizae Semen Armeniacae Amarum
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens Fructus Aurantii Immaturus
Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae Poria
Arisaema cum Bile
Citrus aurantius Eliminating Stagnation Pill Rhizoma Pinelliae
Zhi Shi Dao Zhi Wan
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Clearing the Stomach Powder
Fructus Aurantii Immarurus Qing Wei San
Massa Fermentata Medicinalis Radix Rehmanniae

Poria Radix Angelicae Sinensis

Radix Scutellariae Cortex Moutan Radicis
Rhizoma Coptidis Rhizoma Coptidis
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma Cimicifugae

Clear Epidemics and Overcome Toxin Decoction Clove and Persimmon Calyx Decoction
Qing Wen Bai Du Yin Ding Xiang Shi Di Tang
Gypsum Fibrosum Flos Caryophylli
Cornu Rhinoceri Asiarici Calyx Kaki
Rhizoma Coptidis Radix Ginseng
Fructus Gardeniae Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens
Radix Platycodi
Radix Scutellariae Coix Decoction
Rhizoma Anemairhenae Yi Yi Ren Tang
Radix Paeoniae Rubra Semen Coicis
Radix Scrophulariae Rhizoma Atractylodis

Fructus Forsythiae Herba Ephedrae

Radix Glycyrrhizae Ramulus Cinnamomi
Cortex Moutan Radicis Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii
Herba Lophatheri (fresh) Radix Angelicae Pubescentis
Radix Ledebouriellae
Clear Summer Heat and Augment the Qi Decoction Radix Aconiti
Qing Shu Yi Qi Tang Radix Angeticae Sinensis
Radix Panacis Quinquefolii Rhizoma LigusriciChuanxiong
Herba Dendrobii Radix Glycyrrhizae
Radix Ophiopogonis Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens
Rhizoma Coptidis
Herba Lophatheri Coptis Decoction to Relieve Toxicity
Petiolus N'elumbinis Huang Lian jic Du Tang
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Rhizoma Coptidis
 274 Appendices Appendices

Radix Scutellariae
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong
Cortex Phellodendri
Cortex Cinnamomi
Fructus Gardeniae
Fructus Foeniculi
Cyperus and Perilla Leaf Powder Rhizoma Zingiberis Praeparata
Xiang Su San Pollen Typhae
End
Rhizoma Cyperi Faeces Trogopterorum
Folium Perillae Radix Paeoniae Rubra
Resina Myrrhae
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Rhizoma Corydalis

Eight-Herb Powder for Rectification

Descurainia and Jujube Decoction to Drain the Lungs
Ba Zheng San
Ting Li Da Zao Xie Fei Tang
Semen Plantaginis
Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae
Herba Dianthi
Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae
Herba Polygoni Avicularis
Decoction for Relieving Feverish Rash Talcum
Him Ban Tang Fructus Gardeniae
Gypsum Fibrosum Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Caulis Akebiae Ephd
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei M
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Radix Scrophulariae
Eight-Precious Decoction
Cornu Rhinoceri Asiatici
Ba Then Tang
White rice {Bai Geng Mi)
Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Arrest Seizures Pill Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong
Ding Xian Wan Radix Paeoniae Alba Ephec

Rhizoma Gastrodiae Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata Mi,

Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae Radix Ginseng

Rhizoma Pinelliae Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Poria Poria

Poria cum Ligrto Hospite Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata

Arisaema cum Bile Ephed
Eliminate Wind Powder Ma
Rhizoma Acori Graminei
Xiao Feng San
Scorpio
Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Radix Rehmanniae
Bombyx Batryticatus
Succinum Radix Ledebouriellae
Medulla Junci Periostracum Cicadae
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Evodi;
Radix Polygalae Radix Sophorae Flavescentis Wu
Semen Sesami Indici
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae
Herba Schizonepetae
Radix Ophiopogonis
Cinnabaris Rhizoma Atractylodis
Fructus Arctii
Gypsum Fibrosum
Dioscoreae Hypoglauca Decoction to Separate the Clear
Bex Xie Fen Qing Yin Radix Glycyrrhizae Expelli
Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Caulis Akebiae Xie
Rhizoma Dioscoreae Hypoglauca
Eliminating Phlegm Decoction
Rhizoma Acori Graminei
Dao Ta)t Tang
Radix Linderae
Rhizoma Pinelliae
Drain the Epigastrium Decoction Rhizoma Arisaematis Fetus L
Xie Xin Tang Fructus Aurantii Immaturus Shot
Poria
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
Rhizoma Coptidis Exocarpium Citri Grandis
Radix Scutellariae Radix Glycyrrhizae
Rhizoma Zingiberis
Drive Out Blood Stasis in the Lower Abdomen Decoction
Shao Fu Zhu Yu Tang Eliminating Redness Powder
Dao Chi San Five-In
Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Radix Rehmanniae
I
 Appendix 5: Formulae and constituent herbs 275

Caulis Akebiae Flos Chrysanthemi Indici

Radix Glycyrrhizae <fai7s) Herba Taraxaci
Herba Lophatheri Herba Violae
Radix Semiaquilegiae
End Discharge Decoction
Wan Dai Tang Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae Wu Ling San
Rhizoma Dioscoreae Polyporus Umbellatus
Radix Ginseng Rhizoma Alismatis
Radix Paeoniae Alba Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Semen Plantaginis Poria
Rhizoma Atractylodis Ramulus Cinnamomi
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
Five-Juice Decoction
Herba Schizonepetae (charred)
Wu Zhi Yin
Radix Bupleuri
Pear juice
Water chestnut juice
Ephedra Decoction
Juice of fresh Rhizoma Phragmitis
Ma Huang Tang
Juice of Radix Ophiopogonis
Herba Ephedrae
Lotus root juice
Ramulus Cinnamomi
Semen Armeniacae Amarum
Five-Peel Powder
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Wu Pi San
Peel of Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens
Ephedra, Asarum and Prepared Aconite Decoction
Cortex Mori Radicis
Ma Huang Fu Zi Xi Xin Tang
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
Herba Ephedrae
Pericarpium Arecae
Radix Aconiti Praeparata
Poria peel
Herba Asari

Four Gentlemen Decoction

Ephedra-Prunus-Gypsum-Glycyrrhiza Decoction
Si fun Zi Tang
Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang
Radix Ginseng
Herba Ephedrae
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Semen Armeniacae Amarum
Poria
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Gypsum Fibrosum

Evodia Decoction Four-Marvel Powder

Wu Zhu Yu Tang Si Miao San

Fructus Evodiae Cortex Phellodendri

Radix Ginseng Semen Coicis

Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae Rhizoma Atractylodis
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae

Expelling Whiteness Powder Four-Miracle Pill

Xie Bai San Si Shen Wan

Cortex Lycii Radicis Semen Myristicae

Cortex Mori Radicis Fructus Psoraleae
Radix Glycyrrhizae Fructus Schisandrae
Fructus Evodiae
Fetus Longevity Pill
Shou Tai Wan Four-Preparation Cyperi Pill
Radix Dipsaci Si Zhi Xiang Fu Wan
Ramulus Loranthi Rhizoma Cyperi
Colla Corii Asini Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong
Semen Cuscutae Herba Lycopi
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
Five-Ingredient Decoction to Eliminate Toxin Radix Paeoniae Alba
Wu Wei Xiao Du Yin Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Flos Lonicerae Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata
 276 Appendices Appendices

Cortex Phellodend ri Galangal and Cyperus Pill Ginse

Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata Liang Fit Wan Rei

Rhizoma AlpiniaeOfficinalis
Four Rebellious Decoction Rhizoma Cyperi
SiNi Tang
Radix Aconiti Praeparata Gardenia and Prepared Soybean Decoction
Rhizoma Zingiberis Zhi Zi Don Chi Tang
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata Fructus Gardeniae
Semen Sojae Praeparata
Four Rebellious Decoction with Ginseng
Si Ni jia Ren Shot Tang
Gardenia-Ligusticum Pill
Radix Aconiti Praeparata Ginset
Yue Jit Wan
Rhizoma Zingiberis Ret
Rhizoma Atractylodis
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Rhizoma Cyperi
Radix Ginseng
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong
Massa Fermentata Medicinalis
Four Substance Decoction Ginsei
Fructus Gardeniae
Si Wu Tang Rer,
Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Gastrodia-Uncaria Decoction
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong
Tian Ma Cou Tcng Yin
Radix Paeoniae Alba
Rhizoma Gastrodiae
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata
Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis
Concha Haliotidis
Four-Valiant Decoction for Weil-Being
Fructus Gardeniae
Si Miao Yong An Tang
Radix Scutellariae
Flos Lonicerae
Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae
Radix Scrophulariae
Cortex Eucommiae
Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Herba Leonuri
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Ramulus Loranthi
Caulis Polygoni Multiflori
Free and Relaxed Powder
Poria cum Ligno Hospite (Cinnabam coaled) Ginser
Xiao Ytw San
Radix Bupleuri Ren

Radix Angelicae Sinensis

Generating the Pulse Powder
Sheng Mai San
Radix Paeoniae Alba
Radix Ginseng
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Poriti Radix Ophiopogonis

Radix Glycyrrhizae
Fructus Schisandrae

Free and Relaxed Powder with Moutan and Gardenia Generation and Transformation Decoction
Dan Zhi Xiao Yao San Sheng liua Tang
Cortex Moutan Radicis Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Fructus Gardeniae Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong
Radix Bupleuri Semen Persicae
Radix Angelicae Sinensis Rhizoma Zingiberis Glehni
Radix Paeoniae Alba Radix Glycyrrhizae Ska
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae I
Poria Gentian Draining the Liver Decoction I

Radix Glycyrrhizae Long Dan Xic Can Tung !■

Herba Menthae Radix Gentianae \

c
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens Radix Scutellariae
Fructus Gardeniae 1-
Fritillaria-Trichosanthes Powder Rhizoma Alismatis F
Rei Mu Ctta Lou Sun Caulis Akebiae
Bulbus Fritillariae Semen Plantaginis Glycyrr
Fructus Trichosanthis Radix Angelicae Sinensis Zhi i
Radix Trichosanthis Radix Rehmanniae H
Poria Exocarpium Citri Grandis Radix Bupleuri B
Radix Platvcodi Radix Glycyrrhizae R
R
 Appendix 5: Formulae ami constituent herbs

Ginseng and Gecko Powder

Ren Shen Ce }ie San Colla Corii Asini
Gecko Radix Rehmanniae
Semen Armeniacae Amarum Radix Ophiopogonis
Semen Sesami
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Radix Ginseng Fructus Ziziphi jujubae
Poria
Bulbus Fritillariae Great Tonify the Source Decoction
Cortex Mori Radios Da Bu Yuan jian
Fructus Corni
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Ginseng and Walnut Decoction Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Ren Shen Hu Tao Tang Cortex Eucommiae
Radix Ginseng Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Fructus Lycii
Semen Juglandis
Radix Ginseng

Ginseng Decoction to Nourish the Nutritive Qi Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata

Ren Shen Yang Rang Tang
Great Tonify the Yin Pill
Radix PaeoniaeAlba
Da Bit Yin Wan
Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Cortex Phellodendri
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
Cortex Cinnamomi Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata
Radix Ginseng PlastrumTestudinis
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Great Tranquillity Pill
Radix Clycyrrhizae Praeparata
Da An Wan
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata
Fructus Schisandrae Fructus Crataegi
Poria Massa Fermentata Medicinalis
Radix Polygalae Rhizoma Pinelliae
Poria

Ginseng Powder to Overcome Pathogenic Influences Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae

Ren Shen Bui Du San Fructus Forsythiae
Radix Bupleuri Semen Raphani
Radix Peucedani Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Rhizoma I.igustici Chuanxiong
Fructus Aurantii Greafest Treasure Special Pill
Zlii Bao Dan
Rhizoma seu Radix Notoptervgii
Corrrn Rhinoceri Asiatici
Radix Angelicae Pubescentis
Poria Cinnabar is
Realgar
Radix Platyrodi
Radix Ginseng Carapax Eretmochaelydis
Succinum
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Moschus

Glehnia-Ophiopogon Decoction Borneolum Syntheticum

Sha Shen Mai Dong Tanf Gold leaf (/;;; 8,0
Silver leaf (Yin Bo)
Radix Adenophorae
Calculus Bovis
Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati
Benzoin um
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Folium Mori
Semen Dolichoris Half-Decoction of Ephedra and Cinnamon Twig
Radix Trichosanthis Ma Huang Gui Zhi Ce Ban Tnng
Radix Ophiopogonis Equal amounts of Ephedra Decoction and Cinnamon
Twig Decoction
Glycyrrhiza Decoction
Zlii Can Cao Tang Heavenly Emperor Tonifying the Heart Pill
Turn Wan Bit Xin Dan
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Radix Ginseng Radix Rehmanniae
Radix Ginseng
Ramulus Cinnamomi
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae
Radix Scrophulariae
 278 Appendices Appendices

Poria Increase the Fluids and Order the Qi Decoction Lead to S

Fructus Schisandrae Zeng Ye Cheng Qi Tang Qian,
Radix Polygalae Radix Scrophulariae r:
Radix Platycodi Radix Ophiopogonis Bv
Radix Angelicae Sinensis Radix Rehmanniae S-.
Radix Asparagi Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
Radix Ophiopogonis Natrii Sulfas Left Met
Semen Biotae Zuo!
Semen Ziziphi Spinosae R'
Indigo Naturalis-Concha Meretricis Powder
Fr
Dai Ge San
Hemp Seed Pill
indigo Naturalis
Mil Zi Ren Wan Ligustici
Concha Meretricis seu Cyclinae
Fructus Cannabis Chuar.
Radix Paeoniae Ri-
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus Invigorate the Kidney Pill H
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei /;' Sheng Shen Qi Wan R^
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata Rh

Semen Armeniacae Amarum Rhizoma Dioscoreae R.,

Fructus Corni H*
Hidden Tiger Pill Rhizoma Alismatis R.
Hu Qian Wan Poria He
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata Cortex Moutan Radicis
Radix Paeoniae Alba Cortex Cinnamomi Licorice,

Plastrum Testudinis Radix Aconiti Praeparata Gan -"-

Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae R.

Semen Plantaginis V ,
Cortex Phellodendri
Herba Cynomorii F.-

Tiger bone {Hu Gu) Jade Wind-Screen Powder

Lift the S
Rhizoma Zingiberis Yu Ping Feng San
JuYu
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Radix Ledebouriellae
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari
Honeysuckle and Forsythia Powder Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Rt.
Yin Qiao San
Fructus Forsythiae
Jade Woman Decoction Rb
Flos Lonicerae
Yu Nu Jian
Radix Platycodi
Gypsum Fibrosum Lily Bulb
Herba Menthae
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata Bai Ht-
Herba Lophatheri
Radix Ophiopogonis Ra<
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Ra
Herba Schizonepetae
Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae Rai
Semen Sojae Praeparata
Bui
Fructus Arctii
Ra.
Kidney Qi Pill
Ra.
Immature Bitter Orange Pill to Reduce Focal Distension Shen Qi Wan
Bu.
Zhi Shi Xiao Pi Wan Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata
Ra<
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus Fructus Corni
Massa Fermentata Medicinalis Rhizoma Alismatis
Poria Poria
Linking L
Radix Scutellariae Cortex Moutan Radicis
YiGua
Rhizoma Coptidis Ramulus Cinnamomi
Rat
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae Radix Aconiti Praeparata
RaL
Rac
Important Formula for Painful Diarrhoea Kudzu, Coptis and Scutellaria Decoction Rat
Tang Xie Yao Fang Ge Gen Qin Lian Tang Fru
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae Radix Puerariae Fru
Radix Paeoniae Alba Radix Glycyrrhizae
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Radix Scutellariae Lophathei
Radix Ledebouriellae Rhizoma Coptidis Zhu Ye
Cac
 Appendix 5: Formulae and constituent herbs 279

Lead to Symmetry Powder Herba Schizonepetae

Qian Zheng San Radix Puerariae
Rhizoma Typhonii Periostracum Cicadae
Bombyx Batryticatus Herba Menthae
Scorpio Fructus Arctii
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
Left Metal Pill Radix Scrophulariae
Zuo Jin Wan Radix Glycyrrhizae
Rhizoma Coptidis Radix Ophiopogonis
Fructus Evodiae Herba Lophatheri

Ligusticum-Green Tea Regulating Powder

Lophatherus and Gypsum Decoction
Chuan Xiong Cha Tiao San
Zhu Ye Shi Gao Tang
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong
Herba Lophatheri
Herba Schizonepetae
Gypsum Fibrosum
Radix Angelicae Dahuricae
Rhizoma Pinelliae
Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii
Radix Ophiopogonis
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Radix Ginseng
Herba Asari
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Radix Ledebouriellae
Rice (Geng Mi)
Herba Menthae

Licorice, Wheat and Jujube Decoction Lycium Fruit, Chrysanthemum and Rehmannia Pill
Can Mai Da Zao Tang Qi Ju Di Huang Wan
Radix Glycyrrhizae Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata
Wheat Fructus Corni
Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Rhizoma Alismatis
Lift the Source decoction Poria
Ju Yuan ]ian Cortex Moutan Radicis
Radix Ginseng Fructus Lycii
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Flos Chrysanthemi
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Rhizoma Cimicifugae Magnetite and Cinnabar Pill
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae Ci Zhu YJan
Magnetitum
Lily Bulb Decoction to Preserve the Metal
Cinnabaris
Bai He Gu Jin Tang
Massa Fermentata Medicinalis
Radix Rehmanniae
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata
Magnolia Bark Decoction for Warming the Middle
Radix Ophiopogonis
Hou Po Weng Zhong Tang
Bulbus Lilii
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis
Radix Paeoniae Alba
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Bulbus Fritillariae
Poria
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Semen Alpiniae Katsumadai
Radix Scrophulariae
Radix Aucklandiae
Radix Plarycodi
Rhizoma Zingiberis

Linking Decoction
Yi Guan jian Major Arrest Wind Pearl
Radix Glehniae Da Ding Feng Zhu
Radix Ophiopogonis Radix Paeoniae Alba
Radix Angelicae Sinensis Colla Corii Asini
Radix Rehmanniae Plastrum Testudinis
Fructus Lycii Radix Rehmanniae
Fructus Meliae Toosendan Fructus Cannabis
Fructus Schisandrae
Lophatheri-Tamarix-Arctii Decoction Concha Ostreae
Zhu Ye Liu Bang Tang Radix Ophiopogonis
Cacumen Tamaricis Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
 280 Appendices Appendices

Egg yolk Lumbricus Nine-

Carapax Trionycis Rhizoma Arisaematis Jiu
Resina Olibani
Major Blue-Green Dragon Decoction Resina Myrrhae
Da Qing Long Tang
Herba Ephedrae Minor Order the Qi Decoction
Ramulus Cinnamomi Xiao Cheng Qi Tang
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
Semen Armeniacae Amarum Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis
Gypsum Fibrosum Fructus Aurantii Immaturus
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens
Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae
Minor Strengthening the Middle Decoction
Xiao Jian Zhong Tang Notop
Major Order the Qi Decoction
Radix Paeoniae
Da Cheng Qi Tang
Ramulus Cinnamomi
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus
Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae
Natrii Sulfas
Saccharum Granorum

Major Sinking into the Chest Decoction

Modified Polygonahim Odoratum Decoction
Da Xian Xiong Tang
Jia Jian Wei Rui Tang
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati Nouri*
Natrii Sulfas
Bulbus Allii Fistulosi Yan
Radix Euphorbiae Kansui
Radix Platycodi
Radix Cynanchi Atrati
Major Strengthening the Middle Decoction
Semen Sojae Praeparata
Da Jian Zhong Tang
Herba Menthae
Pericarpium Zanthoxyli
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Rhizoma Zingiberis
Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae
Radix Ginseng

Mantis Egg-Case Powder Moisten the Intestines Pill

Sang Piao Xiao San Run Chang Wan

Ootheca Mantidis Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Oyster

Radix Polygalae Radix Angelicae Sinensis (thin ends) Mu
Rhizoma Acori Graminei Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii

Os Draconis Semen Persicae

Radix Ginseng Fructus Cannabis

Poria cum Ligno Hospite

Radix Angelicae Sinensis Mulberry Leaf and Apricot Kernel Decoction Pacifyi
Plastrum Testudinis Sang Xing Tang Zhe.
Folium Mori
Melia Toosendan Powder Semen Armeniacae Amarum
Jin Ling Zi San Radix Adenophorae
Fructus Meliae Toosendan Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii
Rhizoma Corydalis Semen Sojae Praeparata I
Fructus Gardeniae 1
Metal Lock Pill to Stabilize the Essence Pear peel I
}in Suo Gii ]ing Wan I
Semen Astragali Complanati Mulberry Leaf and Chrysanthemum Decoction I
Semen Euryales Sang ]u Yin I
Stamen Nelumbinis Folium Mori I
Os Draconis Flos Chrysanthemi I
Concha Ostreae Semen Armeniacae Amarum
Fructus Forsythiae Panax-/
Minor Invigorate the Collaterals Special Pill Herba Menthae Shen
Xiao Huo Luo Dan Radix Platycodi I
Radix Aconiti Radix Glycyrrhizae I
Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii Rhizoma Phragmiris
 Appendix 5: Formulae and constituent herbs 281

Nine-Herb Decoction with Notopterygium

fiu Wei Qiang Huo Tang
Panax-Aconitum Decoction with Long Gu and Mu Li
Shen Fu Long Mu Tang
Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii
Radix Ginseng
Radix Ledebouriellae
Radix Aconiti Praeparata
Rhizoma Atractylodis
Os Draconis
Herba Asari
Concha Ostreae (calcined)
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong
Radix Angelicae Dahuricae
Panax-Poria-Atractylodis Powder
Radix Rehmanniae
Shen Ling Bai Zhu San
Radix Scutellariae
Semen Nelumbinis
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Semen Coicis
Fructus Amomi
Notopterygium Dispelling Dampness Decoction Radix Platycodi
Qiang Huo Sheng Shi Tang
Semen Dolichoris Album
Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii Poria
Radix Angelicae Pubescentis Radix Ginseng
Rhizoma Ligustici Radix Glycyrrhizae
Radix Ledebouriellae
Rhizoma Atracrylodis Macrocephalae
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong
Fructus Viticis Peach Pit Decoction to Order the Qi
Tao Ren Cheng Qi Tang
Nourish the Vin and Clear the Lungs Decoction Semen Persicae
Yang Yin Qing Fei Tang Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
Radix Rehmanniae Ramulus Cinnamomi
Radix Ophiopogonis Radix Glycyrrhizae
Radix Glycyrrhizae Natrii Sulfas
Radix Scrophulariae
Bulbus Fritillariae Peony Decoction
Cortex Moutan Radicis Shao Yao Tang
Herba Menthae Radix Paeoniae
Radix Paeoniae Alba Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Rhizoma Coptidis
Oyster Shell Powder Semen Arecae
Mu Li San Radix Aucklandiae
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Radix Glycyrrhizae
Radix Ephedrae Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
Concha Ostreae Radix Scutellariae
Cortex Cinnamomi
Pacifying the Liver and Subduing Wind DecocHon
Zhen Gan Xi Feng Tang Perilla Seed Lowering Qi Decoction
Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang
Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae
Haematitum Fructus Perillae
Os Draconis Rhizoma Pinelliae
Concha Ostreae Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Plastrum Testudinis Radix Glycyrrhizae
Radix Paeoniae Radix Peucedani
Radix Scrophulariae Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis
Radix Asparagi Cortex Cinnamomi

Fructus Meliae Toosendan

Fructus Hordei Germinatus Pill Requiring a Change of Clothes
Geng Yi Wan
Herba Artemisiae Scopariae
Radix Glycyrrhizae Cinnabaris
Aloe

Panax-Aconitum Decoction
Sheii Fu Tang
Pinellia and Magnolia Bark DecocHon
Ban Xia Hou Po Tang
Radix Ginseng
Rhizoma Pinelliae
Radix Aconiti Praeparata
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis
282 Appendices Appendices

Poria Juice of Lotus Root

Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens Radix Asparagi

Folium Perillae Radix Ophiopogonis

Radix Scutellariae
Pinelliae-Atractylodis-Gastrodia Decoction Regul.

Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian Ma Tang Preserving and Harmonizing Pill Tia.

Rhizoma Pinelliae Bao He Wan

Rhizoma Gastrodiae Fructus Crataegi

Poria Massa Fermentata Medicinalis

Exocarpium Citri Grandis Rhizoma Pinelliae

Regul,
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae Poria
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Li:
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Fructus Forsythiae

Polyporus Decoction Semen Raphani

Zhu Ling Tang

Polyporus Umbetlatus Protect the Yin Decoction

Poria Bao Yin Jian

Rehm;
Rhizoma Alismatis Radix Rehmanniae
Di.
Colla Corii Asini Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata
Talcum Radix Paeoniae Alba
Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Poria-Glycyrrhiza-Schisandra-Zingiber-Asarum Decoction Radix Dipsaci

Ling Gan Wu Wei Jiang Xin Tang Radix Scutellariae

Poria Cortex Phellodendri

Radix Glycyrrhizae Radix Glycyrrhizae

Rhizoma Zingiberis
Herba Asari Purple Snow Special Pill
Fructus Schisandrae Zi Xue Dan
Gypsum Fibrosum
Poria- Ram ul us Cinnamomi-Atractylodis-Glycyrrhiza Calcitum (Han Shui Shi)

Decoction Talcum
Ling Gui Zhu Gan Tang Magnetitum
Renew
Poria Cornu Rhinoceri Asiatici
Zai
Ramulus Cinnamomi Cornu Antelopis
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae Radix Aristolochiae

Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum

Radix Scrophulariae
Powder to Take at Cock's Crow Rhizoma Cimicifugae

]i Ming San Radix Glycyrrhizae

Semen Arecae Flos Caryophylli

Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Natrii Sulfas
Fructus Chaenomeiis Nitrum
Fructus Evodiae Moschus
Folium Perillae Cinnabaris
Radix Platycodi Gold (Huang Jin) Reston
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens Hui
Rectify the Qi Powder Worth More Than Gold
Prepared Aconite Pill to Regulate the Middle Bu Huan Jin Zheng Qi San
Fu Zi Li Zhong Wan Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis
Radix Ginseng Herba Agastachis
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae Radix Glycyrrhizae
Rhizoma Zingiberis Rhizoma Pinelliae
Radix Glycyrrhizae Rhizoma Atractylodis
1
Radix Aconiti Praeparata Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae I
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens
1
Prescription to Treat Diabetes Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae
I
Xiao Ke Fang
Rhizoma Coptidis Reed Decoction Restori
Radix Trichosanthis Wei Jing Tang Zuo
Juice of Radix Rehmanniae Rhizoma Phragmitis f
 Appendix 5: Formulae and constituent herbs 283

Semen Coicis
Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Semen Benincasae
Frucrus Lycii
Semen Persicae
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Poria
Regulate the Stomach and Order the Qi Decoction
Fructus Corni
Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
Restoring the Left Pill
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Zuo Gui Wan
Natrii Sulfas
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata
Regulating the Middle Pill Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Li Zhong Wan Fructus Lycii
Frucrus Corni
Radix Ginseng
Rhizoma Zingiberis Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae
Radix Glycyrrhizae Semen Cuscutae
Colla Cornus Cervi
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Plastrum Testudinis
Rehmannia Decoction
Di Huang Yin Zi Restoring the Right Fill
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata You Gui Wan

Radix Morindae Officinafis Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata

Fructus Corni Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Herba Dendrobii Fructus Corni
Herba Cistanchis Fructus Lycii
Radix Aconiti Praeparata Semen Cuscutae
Fructus Schisandrae Cortex Eucommiae
Cortex Cinnamomi Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Poria Cortex Cinnamomi
Radix Ophiopogonis Radix Aconiti Praeparata
Rhizoma Acori Graminei
Radix Polygalae Revised Major Order the Qi Decoction
Fu Fang Cheng Qi Tang
Renewal Powder Cortex Magnoliae Officinaiis
Zai Zao San Semen Raphani
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Fructus Aurantii Immaturus
Radix Ginseng Semen Persicae
Ramulus Cinnamomi Radix Paeoniae Rubra
Radix Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
Radix Aconiti Praeparata Natrii Sulfas
Herba Asari
Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii Revive Health by Invigorating the Blood Decoction
Radix Ledebouriellae Fu Yuan Huo Xue Tang
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong Radix Bupleuri
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens (roasted) Radix Trichosanthis
Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Restore Collapsed Yang Decoction Flos Carthami
Hut Yang Jiu Ji Tang Radix Glycyrrhizae
Radix Aconiti Praeparata Squama Manitis
Rhizoma Zingiberis Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
Cortex Cinnamomi Semen Persicae
Radix Ginseng
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction
Poria Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang
Perkarpium Citri Reticulatae Cornu Rhinoceri
Radix Glycyrrhizae Radix Rehmanniae
Frucrus Schisandrae Radix Paeoniae
Rhizoma Pinelliae
Rhubarb and Moutan Decoction
Restoring the Left Decoction
Da Huang Mu Dan Tang
Zuo Gui Yin
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata
Cortex Moutan Radicis
 284 Appendices Appendices

Semen Persicae Six Gentlemen Decoction Spring

Semen Benincasae Liu Jun Zi Tang Platyc
Natrii Sulfas Radix Ginseng Cot
Rhizoma Arractylodis Macrocephalae
Rhubarb and Prepared Aconite Decoction Poria
Da Huang Fu Zi Tang Radix Glycyrrhizae
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
Radix Aconiti Praeparata Rhizoma Pinelliae
Herba Asari

Six Gentlemen Decoction with Aucklandia and

Sargentodoxa Decoction Amomum
Hong Teng }ian Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang Spring
Caulis Sargentodoxae Radix Ginseng Cor,
Herba Violae Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Resina Olibani Poria
Resina Mynrhae Radix Glycyrrhizae
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
Frucrus Forsythiae Rhizoma Pinelliae
Rhizoma Corydalis Rhizoma Cyperi
Cortex Moutan Radicis Fructus Amomi
Flos Lonicerae Sour Jt
Radix Glycyrrhizae Sua
Six-to-One Powder
Liu Yi San
Schizonepeta and Ledebouriella Powder to Overcome
Talcum
Pathogenic Influences
Radix Glycyrrhizae
jing Fang Bai Du San
Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii
Small Bupleurum Decoction
Radix Angelicae Pubescentis
Xiao Chai Hu Tang
Radix Bupleuri Stabili;
Radix Bupleuri
Radix Peucedani Cur
Radix Scutellariae
Fructus Aurantii I
Radix Ginseng
Poria I
Rhizoma Pinelliae
Herba Schizonepetae I
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Radix Ledebouriellae
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens
Radix Platycodi
Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Small Green Dragon Decoction

Six-Flavour Rehmannia Pill Xiao Qing Long Tang

Liu Wei Di Huang Wan Herba Ephedrae

I
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata Radix Paeoniae

Fructus Corni Herba Asari

Stabili;
Rhizoma Dioscoreae Rhizoma Zingiberis
Guj
Rhizoma Alismatis Radix Glycyrrhizae
i
Poria Ramulus Cinnamomi
I
Cortex Moutan Radicis Rhizoma Pinelliae
I
Fructus Schisandrae
C
Six-Flavour Rehmannia PiU with Anemarrhena and I
Phellodendron Small Sinking Chest Decoction I
Zhi Bai Di Huang Wan Xiao Xian Xiong Tang
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata Rhizoma Coptidis Sophor
Fructus Corni Rhizoma Pinelliae Hu,
Rhizoma Dioscoreae Fructus Trichosanthis i

Rhizoma Alismatis C
Poria Spring Onion and Prepared Soybean Decoction r

Cortex Moutan Radicis Cong Chi Tang F

Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Bulbus Allii Fistulosi
Cortex Phellodendri Semen Sojae Praeparata Special
Tong
F
 Appendix 5: Formulae and constituent herbs

Spring Onion and Prepared Soybean Decoction with

Platycodon Radix Astragali seu Hedysari
Cong Chi fie Geng Tang Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Bulbus Allii Fistulosi Radix Ophiopogonis
Semen Sojae Praeparata Medulla Tetrapanacis
Radix Platycodi Radix Platycodi
Fructus Gardeniae Leg of pork (Zhu Ti)
Herba Menthae
Herba Lophatheri Stephania and Astragalus Decoction
Fang Ji Huang Qi Tang
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae
Spring Onion Decoction with Seven Ingredients Radix Astragali seu Hedysari
Cong Bai Qi Wei Yin Radix Glycyrrhizae
Bulbus Allii Fistulosi Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Radix Puerariae
Strengthen the Spleen Pill
Semen Sojae Praeparata
Jian Pi Wan
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens
Radix Ophiopogonis Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Radix Rehmanniae Radix Aucklandiae
Rhizoma Coptidis
Sour Jujube Decoction Radix Glycyrrhizae
Poria
Suan Zao Ren Tang
Radix Ginseng
Semen Ziziphi Spinosae
Radix Glycyrrhizae Massa Fermentata Medicinalis
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Pericarpium Citri Rericulatae
Poria Frucrus Amomi

Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong Frucrus Hordei Germinatus

Fructus Crataegi
Stabilize Gushing Decoction Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Gu Chong Tang Semen Myristicae

Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae

Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Strengthening the Spleen Powder
Shi Pi San
Os Draconis
Concha Ostreae Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis
Frucrus Corni Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Radix Paeoniae Alba Fructus Chaenomelis
Os Sepiellae seu Sepiae Radix Aucklandiae
Radix Rubiae Fructus Tsaoko
Semen Arecae
Cortex Trachycarpi {charred)
Fructus Schisandrae Radix Aconiti Praeparata
Poria

Stabilize the Menses Pill Rhizoma Zingiberis

Gujing Wan Radix Glycyrrhizae
Cortex Ailanthi
Styrax Pill
Plastrum Testudinis
Su He Xiang Wan
Radix Scutellariae
Cortex Phellodendri Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Radix Paeoniae Alba Radix Aristolochiae
Rhizoma Cyperi Cornu Rhinoceri Asiatici
Rhizoma Cyperi
Sophora Japonica Flower Powder Cinnabaris
Huai Hua San Fructus Chebulae
FlosSophorae Lignum Santalum
Cacumen Biotae Benzoinum
Herba Schizonepetae Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum
Moschus
Fructus Aurantii
Flos Caryophylli
Special Pill to Promote Lactation Fructus Piperis Longi
TongRu Dan Borneolum Syntheticum
Styrax Liquidus
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae
Resina Olibani
 286 Appendices Appendices

Sublime Formula for Sustaining Life

Xian Fang Huo Ming Yin Cortex Moutan Radicis
Cortex Trachycarpi
Radix Angelicae Dahuricae
Bulbus Fritillariae
Radix Ledebouriellae Three-Nut Decoction
San Ren Tang
Radix Paeoniae Rubra
Radix Angelicae Sinensis (extension) Semen Armeniacae Amarum
Talcum
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Spina Gleditsiae Medulla Tetrapancis
Squama Manitis Semen Amomi Cardamomi
Radix Trichosanthis Herba Lophatheri
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis Top-C
Resina Olibani
Semen Coiris Tia
Resina Myrrhae
Flos Lonicerae Rhizoma Pinelliae
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
Three-Seed Nourishing Parents Decoction
Sudden Smile Powder San Zi Yang Qin Tang
Shi Xiao San Semen Sinapis Albae
Fructus Perillae
Faeces Trogopterorum
Pollen Typhae Semen Raphani

Sweet Dew Special Pill to Eliminate Toxin Three-Substance Pill for Emergencies
San Wu Bei fi Wan Tricho
Gan Lu Xiao Du Dan
Gw
Talcum Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
Herba Artemisiae Scopariae Rhizoma Zingiberis
Radix Scutellariae Frucrus Crotonis
Rhizoma Acori Graminei
Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae Tonify the Yang to Restore Five-Tenths Decoction
Caulis Akebiae Bu Yang Huan Wu Tang
True h
Herba Agastachis Radix Astragali seu Hedysari
Radix Angelicae Sinensis Ziu
Rhizoma Belamcandae
Fructus Forsythiae Radix Paeoniae Rubra
Herba Menthae Lumbricus
Semen Amomi Cardamomi Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong
Flos Carthami
Semen Persicae
Tangerine Peel and Bamboo Shaving Decoction
Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Tonifying the Lung Decoction with Ass-Hide Gelatin
Bu Fa E Jiao Tang
Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam
Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae Colla Corii Asini
Frucrus Arcrii
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens
Radix Glycyrrhizae Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
TrueV*
Radix Ginseng Fructus Aristolochiae
Zhe
Semen Armeniacae Amarum
Ten-Jujube Decoction Glutinous rice (Nuo Mi)
Shi Zao Tang
Flos Genkwa Tonifying the Middle and Benefiting Qi Decoction
Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang
Radix Euphorbiae Kansui
Radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix Astragali seu Hedysari
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Radix Ginseng Turtle r
Ten Partially-charred Substance Powder Bie
Shi Hid San Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Herba seu Radix Cirsii Japonici Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
Rhizoma Cimicifugae
Herba Cephalanoploris
Folium Nelumbinis Radix Bupleuri
Cacumen Biotae Rhizoma Arractylodis Macrocephalae
Rhizoma Imperatae
Radix Rubiae Tonifying the Spleen Decoction
Gui Pi Tang
Fructus Gardeniae
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Poria cum Ligno Hospite
 Appendix 5; Formulae and constituent herbs 287

Radix Astragali seu Hedysari Flos Campsis Grandiflorae (Zi Wei)

Arillus Longan Colla Corii Asini
Semen Ziziphi Spinosae Radix Bupleuri
Radix Ginseng Dung Beetle (Qiang Lang)
Radix Aucklandiae Radix Paeoniae
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata Cortex Moutan Radicis
Radix Angelicae Sinensis Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga
Radix Polygalae Honeycomb (Feng Cao)
Nitrum
Top-Quality Lindera Powder Semen Persicae
Tian Tai Wu Yao San Radix Ginseng
Radix Linderae Rhizoma Pinelliae
Radix Aucklandiae Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae
Fructus Foeniculi
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride Two-Old Decoction
Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinalis Er Chen Tang
Semen Arecae Rhizoma Pinelliae
Fructus Meliae Toosendan Exocarpium Citri Grandis
Fructus Crotonis Poria
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Trichosanthes-Allium-Pinellia Decoction
Gua Lou Xie Bai Ban Xia Tang Universal Benefit Decoction to Eliminate Toxin
Fructus Trichosanthis Pu ]i Xiao Dm Yin
Bulbus Allii Macrostemi Radix Scutellariae
Rhizoma Pinelliae Rhizoma Coptidis
Wine Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
Radix Glycyrrhizae
True Man's Decoction to Nourish the Organs Radix Scrophulariae
Zhen Ren Yang Zang Tang Radix Bupleuri
Radix Ginseng Radix Platycodi
Radix Angelicae Sinensis Fructus Forsythiae
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae Radix Isatidis
Semen Myristicae Lasiosphaera seu Calvatia
Cortex Cinnamomi Fructus Arctii
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata Herba Menthae
Radix Paeoniae Alba Bombyx Batryticatus
Radix Aucklandiae Rhizoma Cimicifugae
Fructus Chebulae
Pericarpium Papaveris Warm the Liver Decoction
Nuan Gan jian
True Warrior Decoction Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Zhen Wu Tang Fructus Lycii
Poria Fructus Foeniculi
Radix Paeoniae Cortex Cinnamomi
Rhizoma Atractyiodis Macrocephalae Radix Linderae
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum

Radix Aconiti Praeparata Poria

Turtle Shell Pill Warm the Menses Decoction

Bie Jia Jian Wan Wen Jing Tang
Carapax Trionycis Fructus Evodiae
Rhizoma Belamcandae Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Radix Scutellariae Radix Paeoniae
Armadillidium vulgare (Shu Fu) Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong
Rhizoma Zingiberis Radix Ginseng
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Ramulus Cinnamomi
Ramulus Cinnamomi Colla Corii Asini
Folium Pyrrosiae Cortex Moutan Radicis
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens
Herba Dianthi Radix Glycyrrhizae
 288
Appendices Appendices

Rhizoma Pinelliae
Rhizoma Gastrodiae
Radix Ophiopogonis
Gypsum Fibrosum
Warm the Spleen Decoction Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
Wen Pi Tang Radix Glycyrrhizae
Rice (Geng Mi)
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
Radix Aconiti Praeparata
White Tiger Ramulus Cinnamomi Decoction
Rhizoma Zingiberis
Bai Hu Jia Gui Zhi Tang
Radix Ginseng
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Gypsum Fibrosum
Warming the Gall Bladder Decoction
Rice (Geng Mi)
Wen Dan Tang
Ramuius Cinnamomi
Rhizoma Pinelliae
Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam
Yellow Dragon Decoction
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus
Huang Long Tang
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Narrii Sulfas
Poria
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus
Water and Earth Immortals Special Pill Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis
Shui Lu Er Xian Dan Radix Glycyrrhizae
Radix Ginseng
Semen Euryales
Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Fructus Rosae Laevigatae
Adenu
White Tiger Decoction
Yellow Earth Decoction
Huang Tu Tang Agastt'
BaiHu Tang
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Gypsum Fibrosum
Radix Rehmanniae Agkiti
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Agrim.
Rice (Geng Mi)
Radix Aconiti Praeparata
Colla Corii Asini
Ailan t
Radix. Scutellariae
White Tiger Decoction for Ordering the Qi
Terra Flava Usta
Bai Hu Cheng Qi Tang Akebir*
Gypsum Fibrosum AJbizi.
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (raw)
Yong Quan Powder to Promote Lactation
Xia Ru Yong Quan San Allii M
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Alpinit
Radix Paeoniae Alba
Narrii Sulfas Exsiccatus
Radix Rehmanniae
Old rice (Chen Cang Mi) Alpini.
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong
Radix Bupleuri
White Tiger Decoction with Atractylodis Alumt
Bai Hu Jia Cang Zhu Tang Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride Amer.i
Radix Trichosanthis
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae cas.'

Squama Manitis live1'

Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata
Gypsum Fibrosum Radix Angelicae Dahuricae Ph..-
Semen Vaccariae
Rhizoma Atractylodis
Radix Platycodi Qia:
Rice (Geng Mi)
Amorr
Caulis Akebiae
Medulla Tetrapanacis
White Tiger plus Ginseng Decoction Amom
Bai Hu Jia Ren Shen Tang Radix Rhapontici seu Echinopsis
Radix Glycyrrhizae Ampel-
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
Gypsum Fibrosum Androj

Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata

Anem?
Rice (Geng Mi)
Radix Ginseng
Angeli*

White Tiger Decoction with Antelopis and Gastrodia Angelii

ling Ma Bai Hu Tang 1
Cornu Antelopis Angeli*

Abdominal masses, dissipating
formulae, 172-174
comparisons, 173-174
guidelines, 172,173
Acanthopanacis Radicis, Cortex
(WuJiaPi),22
Achyranthis Bidentatae, Radix
(Niu Xi), 34, 35
Acid secretion, moderation,
100-101
Aconiti, Radix (Wu Tou), 26,53
Aconiti Praeparata, Radix (Fu Zi),
26-27, 28, 63, 75, 76, 82,83
Adenophorae, Radix (Nan Sha
Shen), 41,44
Agastachis, Herba (Huo Xiang), 4
23,24, 55, 67
Agkistrodon Acutus (Bai Hua
She), 21
Agrimoniae, Herba (Xian He Cao),
31,32,33
Ailanthi, Cortex (Chun Gen Pi)
48
Akebiae, Caulis (Mu Tong), 68
Albiziae, Cortex (He Huan Pi), 36
38
Allii Macrostemi, Bulbus (Xie Bai)
29,30
Alpiniae Officinalis, Rhizoma (Gao
Liang Jiang), 27, 28, 83
Alpiniae Oxyphyllae, Fructus (Yi
Zhi Ren), 43, 45, 69, 80
Alumen(BaiFan), 71
Amenorrhoea, 240-242
case study, 240-241
liver and kidney deficiency, 240
Phelgm-Damp retention,
241-242
Qi and blood, 241
Amomi, Fructus (Sha Ren), 23-24
79,84
Amomi Cardamomi, Semen (Bai
Dou Kou), 23, 24
Ampelopsis, Radix (Bai Wei), 13
Andrographitis, Herba (Chuan Xin
Lian), 11
Anemarrhenae, Rhizoma (Zhi
Mu), 8, 54, 58, 65, 67, 80
Angelicae Dahuricae, Radix (Bai
Zhi), 4, 5, 6,53, 58, 85
Astringents
Angelicae Pubescentis, Radix (Du
Huo), 20, 21,65, 66
Angelicae Sinensis, Radix (Dang
Atractylodis, Rhizoma (Cang
Gui), 40, 44, 64, 77, 78, 79
85,87
Atractylodis Macrocephalae,
Index
Antelopis, Cornu (Ling Yang Jiao)
37, 38, 72, 73
Apocyni Veneti, Folium (Luo Bu
Ma), 37,38
AquilariaeResinatum, Lignum
(Chen Xiang), 29
Arctii, Fructus (Niu Bang Zi), 5
Arecae, Semen (Bing Long), 15, 64
Arillus Longan, 78
Arisaematis, Rhizoma (Tian Nan
Xiang), 16, 17, 70, 71
Aristolochiae, Fructus (Ma Dou
Ling), 18
Aristolochiae Manshuriensis,
Caulis (Guan Mu Tong), 24
Armeniacae Amarum, Semen
(Xing Ren), 18,54,55-56
Artemisiae Argyi, Folium (Ai Ye)
32,83
Artemisiae Capillaris, Herba (Yin
Chen Hao), 25
Artemisiae Chinghao, Herba (Qing
Hao), 13, 60-61
Artemisiae Scopariae (Yin Chen)
68
Asari, Herba (Xi Xin), 4, 5, 54 58
83
Asparagi, Radix ("Ran Dong), 41,
44,79
Asteris, Radix (Zi Wan), 17,18, 55
Asthma, 143-144,188-190
case study, 188
differentiation and treatment
188-190
remission stage, 189-190
Astragali Complanati, Semen
(Tong Ji Li), 45,46
Astragali seu Hedysari (Huang
Qi), 39, 44, 75, 76, 77-78, 81
Astringent herbs, 47-49, 75-81
Astringent formulae, 175-178
comparisons, 177-178
diarrhoea, 176
enuresis, 176
Essence, 176
guidelines, 175,177
intestinal, 176
leucorrhoea, 176-177
uterine bleeding, 176-177
intestinal, 101
lung, 92, 93
Zhu), 23, 24, 67
289
Rhizoma (Bai Zhu), 39-40,
44,59,68,70,76,77,81,82
Aucklandiae, Radix, (Mu Xiang),
29,59,61,64,84
Aurantii, Fructus (Zhi Qiao), 28,
29,84
Aurantii Immaturus, Fructus (Zhi
Shi), 28, 29, 64, 77
Bambusae, Succus (Zu Li), 17,18
Bambusae in Taeniam, Caulis (Zhu
Ru), 17-18
Batryaticus, Bombyx (Jiang Can)
38, 72
Belamcandae, Rhizoma (She Gan)
9,11
Benincasea, Semen (Deng Gua
Ren), 68
Bi syndromes, 65-66, 212-214
case studies, 212-214
Biotae
Cacumen (Ce Bai Ye), 31, 33, 86
87
Semen (Bai Zi Ren), 36,38, 74
Bladder
common herbs, 108-109
herb interactions /combinations,
109-110
Bleeding control, 31-33, 85-87
formulae, 149-150
Bletillae, Rhizoma (Bai Ji), 31-32
33,87
Blood
cooling, 12-13
cooling formulae, 125
disorders, 87
tonification formulae, 136
Blood circulation, 33-35,85-87
96
activating formulae, 148-149
Blood deficiency
headache, 217
urticaria, 232
Blood regulation formula, 148-151
comparisons, 150-151
guidelines, 148, 150
Blood stagnation
headache, 217
vascular damage, 195
Blood stasis, 33-35, 96
Phlegm stagnation, 203
Qi stagnation, 203
resolution formulae, 148-149
Boehmeriae, Radix (Zhu Me Gen)
31,33
290 Index

Bones, strengthening, 108,109 Citri Reticulatae Viride, liver, 201 Empt*

Bovis, Calculus (Niu Huang), 12 Pericarpium (Qing Pi), Encej:
retention, jaundice, 199
Breast milk, spontaneous 27-28, 29, 83-84 tendons and channels effects, cas*

secretion, 250 Citri Sarcodactylis, Fructus (Fo 214-215 setj

Bupleuri, Radix (Chai Hu), 6, 54, Shou), 28, 29 stajr

urinary tract infection, 209
55, 68, 77 Clematidis, Radix (Wei Ling Xian), Dampness Enurt
20,65 asti
diuretic formulae, 154
Callkarpae, Folium (Zi Zhu), 31, Clematidis Armandii, Vaulis drying, phlegm eliminating Ephe*;
33 (Chuan Mu Tong), 24 formulae, 159 Her
Callorhini, Peni et Testes (Hai Gou Clerodendri, Folium (Chou Wu drying formulae, 152-153
Shen), 43, 45 Tong), 20, 65 resolution, 23-25,67-69,99,102 Ra*
Cannabis, Fructus (Huo Ma Ren), Codonopsis Pilosulae, Radix and Summer Heat, 182
14,64 (Dang Shen), 39,44, 76,82 Dampness expulsion Epig,--
Cardiovascular disease, 202-207 Coicis, Semen (Yi Yi Ren), 24, 68 formulae, 152-158 acti

Cardomomi Rotundi, Semen, 47 Cold dispersal, formulae, 130-131 comparisons, 156-158 ca-

Carthami, Flos (Hong Hua), 34-35, Cold-Damp, spleen, diarrhoea/ prescription formulation chi
85,87 dysentery, 195-196 guidelines, 152,156
Caryophilli, Flos (Ding Xiang), 27, Colitis, chronic, 198-199 warming formulae, 154-155
28, 82, 83 Colpomycosis, 243 Delivery, disorders, 245-250 Epiler
Cassiae Common cold, 181-182 Epim.
Dendrobii, Herba (Shi Hu), 41, 44,
Folium (Fan Xie Ye), 14 case study, 181-182 73,79
Semen (Jue Ming Zi), 9,10 differentiation and treatment, Diabetes, 229-231 Eriobt
Central Qi, 99,101-102 181-182 case study, 230-231 Esser.
Cephalanoploris, Herba (Xiao Ji), Constipation, 202 lower, 230 Euco-
31,33,86,87 Coptidis, Rhizoma (Huang Lian), middle, 230
Cerebral embolism, 221 9,59,60,61,67-68,79 upper, 229-230
Cerebral thrombosis, 221 Cordyceps (Dong Chong Xia Cao), Diarrhoea, 101,195-199
Cerebrovascular spasm, 221 43, 45, 46 Eupr:
astringent formulae, 176
Cervi Corii Asini, Colla (E Jiao), 41,44, case studies, 197-199
Colla Cornus (Lu Jiao Jiao), 42, 86,87 Digestion, 100 Eup:
45 Corneum Gigeriae Galli, promotion, 15, 63-64
Cornu (Lu Jiao), 42, 45, 80 Endothelium (Ji Nei Jin), 15, Eupi'--
formulae, 172-173
Cervi Pantotrichum, Cornu (Lu 68 Digestive system, diseases,
Rong), 42,45, 76 Corni, Fructus (Shan Zhu Yu), 41, Eur>v;
191-202
Chaenomelis, Fructus (Mu Gua), 44,49, 78 Dioscoreae, Rhizoma (Shan Yao),
21,65 Coronary heart disease, 202-204 Evod.
39-40, 44, 77
Chebulae, Fructus (He Zi), 47, 48 case study, 203-204 Dioscoreae Septemlobae, Rhizoma
Chinensis, Galla (Wu Bei Zi), 47,48 Corydalis, Rhizoma (Yan Hu Suo), Exter
(Bi Xie), 25, 69
Cholecystitis, 200-202 29-30, 84 Dipsaci, Radix (Xu Duan), 43,45,
case study, 201 Coughing, 18-19,92, 93-94 Extern
80
Cholelithiasis, 200-220 chronic tracheitis, 187 Diuretics, 108,109 dii
case study, 201 tracheitis and pneumonia, formulae, 154
Chrysanthemi, Flos (Ju Hua), 5, 6, 185-187 for-
Dizziness/vertigo, 218-220
54, 60, 72, 79 Crataegi, Fructus (Shan Zha), 15, case study, 218-219
Chyluria, 226-228 64 Dolichoris, Semen (Bian Dou),
case study, 226-227 Crinis Carbonisatus (Xue Yu Tan), 39-40, 44, 55
Cibotii, Rhizoma (Gou Ji), 21,22 32,33 Draconis, Os (Long Gu), 36, 38, 74 pur

Cicadae, Periostrachum (Chan Curcuiiginis, Rhizoma (Xian Mao), Drynariae, Rhizoma (Gu Sui Bu), pur

Tui), 5, 54 43, 45, 80 43,45

Cimidfugae, Rhizoma (Sheng Ma), Curcumae, Radix (Yu Jin), 33-34, Duodenal ulcer, 194 FariaJ
6, 58, 77 35,71 Dysentery, 195-199 Farfar,
Cinnabaris (Zhu Sha), 36, 38, 74 Curcumae Longae, Rhizoma (Jiang bacillary, chronic, 196-197
Cinnamomi Huang), 33-34,35 Filari.^
case study, 196-197
Cortex (Rou Gui), 26, 28,59, 61, Cuscutae, Semen (Tu Si Zi), 45,46 Dysmenorrhoea, 238-240 Fire, a .
82-83 Cynanchi Stautonii (Bai Qian), 16, case studies, 239-240 Fire P*
Ramulus Cinnamomi 17 dee
Qi and blood,238-239
differentiation, 26 Cynomorii, Herba (Suo Yang), 42, Dysphonia, 190-191 Foenic
Ramulus (Gui Zhi), 3,26,28, 53, 43,45 case studies, 191
56,65,66,68,71,78 Cyperi, Rhizoma (Xiang Fu), 29, deficiency, type, 190-191 Food i
Cirsii Japonica, Herba seu Radix 83,84 excess type, 190 Food i
(Daji),31,33 Cystitis, acute, 209-210
Cistanchis, Herba (Rou Cong Ecliptae, Herba (Mo Han Lian), 41, com

Rong), 42, 43,45 Damp-Heat 44,79 and

Citri, Fructus (Xiang Yuan), 28, 29 clearance formulae, 153-154 Elsholtziae, Herba (Xiang Ru), 4,
Cirri Reticulatae, Pericarpium diarrhoea/dysentery, 196 55 guirf
(Chen Pi), 24, 27, 29, 70, downward movement, 211 Emotionally-related patterns, Forsyti-
83-84 gall bladder, 105-106, 201 224-226

Empty Fire, Yin deficiency, 194
Encephalitis B, epidemic, 183-185
case study, 184-185
sequelae, 185
stages and treatment, 183-185
Enuresis, 108,110
astringent formulae, 176
Ephedrae
Herba (Ma Huang), 3,19,53, 54
56,57
Radix (Ma Huang Gen), 47, 48,
81
Epigastric pain, 191-195
acute, 192
case studies, 192,194
chronic, 192-195
differentiation and treatment,
192-195
Epilepsy, 223-224
Epimedii, Herba (Yin Yang Huo),
43,45,80
Eriobotryae, Folium (Pi Pa Ye), 18
Essence, astringent formulae, 176
Eucommiae, Cortex (Du Zhong),
43, 45, 73,80
Eupatorii, Herba (Pei Lan), 23,24,
67
Euphorbiae Kansui, Radix (Gan
Sui), 71
Euphorbiae Pekinensis, Radix (Da
Ji), 71
Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga (Di
BieChong),35,63
Euryales, Semen (Qian Shi), 48,
80-81
Evodiae, Fructus (Wu Zhu Yu), 27,
28,59,61,82
Exterior consolidation, formulae
175-176
Exterior Release
disease resistance strengthening,
115-116
formulae, 113-115
comparisons, 117-118
prescription formulation
guidelines, 113,116-117
pungent/cool herbs, 114-115
pungent/warm herbs, 113-114
Facial paralysis, 220-221
Farfarae, Eos (Kuan Dong Hua),
17,18,55
Filariasis, 226
Fire, and Heat, 8-12
Fire Poison, 10-12
clearance formulae, 125-126
Foeniculi, Fructus (Xiao Hi Xiang)
27,28
Food retention, 195
Food stagnation, reducing
formulae, 172-174
comparisons, 173-174
and digestion promotion,
172-173
guidelines, 172-173
Forsythiae, Fructus (Lian Qiao), 9
10,60
Fraxini, Cortex (Qin Pi), 9,11,61
Fritillariae, Bulbus (Bei Mu), 17,58
60, 70-71
Galactorrhoea, 250
Galactostasis, 249
Gall bladder
common herbs, 105-106
Damp-Heat, 105-106, 201
Heat clearance, 105,106
herb interactions /combinations,
106
Gardeniae, Fructus (Zhi Zi), 9,10,
59, 60, 68
Gastritis, chronic, 193
Gastrodiae, Rhizoma (Tian Ma),
37,38, 70, 72, 73
Gecko (Ge Jie), 43, 45,46, 75, 76
Gentianae, Radix (Long Dan Cao),
9,10, 59-60, 73
Gentianae Macrophyllae, Radix
(Qin Jiu), 20, 62, 65,66
Ginger, Baked (Pao Jiang), 27,28,
32, 33, 83, 86, 87
see also Zingiberis, Rhizoma
(Gan Jiang)
Ginko, Semen (Bai Guo), 19,56, 57
Ginseng, Radix (Ren Shen), 39,44
75-76, 78
Ginseng Alba, Radix (Bai Shen), 39
Ginseng Rubra, Radix (Hong
Shen), 39
Glehniae, Radix (Bai Sha Shen), 41,
44,79
Glycyrrhizae, Radix (Gan Cao), 40,
44, 68, 74, 78
Granati, Pericarpum (Shi Liu Pi)
48
Gynaecological disorders,
233-251
Cold patterns, 234
deficiency-type patterns, 233
differentiation, 233-234
excess-type patterns, 233
Heat patterns, 233
Gypsum Fibrosum (Shi Gao), 8, 9,
54, 58,67,68
Haematitum (Dai Zhe Shi), 37, 38,
73
Haemorrhoids, 31
Haliotidis, Concha (Shi Jue Ming),
37, 38, 72, 73
Halloysitum Rubrum (Chi Shi
Zhi), 33,47,48
Headache, 216-218
case study, 216-217
pathogenic Wind invasion,
216-217
Heart, 95-98
common herbs, 95-96
deficiency/excess conditions,
97-98
herb interactions/combinations,
96-98
nourishing, mind calming
formulae, 169-170
Index 291
nutritive level, Summer Heat
invasion, 184
orifices, opening, 96
soothing, 95-96
mind calming formulae, 169
Heart Blood, 95, 96-97
stagnation, palpitation, 206
Heart Fire, 95
Heart Qi, 95, 96-97
Heart and spleen deficiency,
palpitation, 205
Heart Yang, 95,96
deficiency, palpitation,
206-207
Heart Yin, 95,96-97
Heat
and Blood, 12-13
and Fire, 8-12,58-62
and Fire Poison, clearance
formulae, 125-126
nutritive level, clearance
formulae, 125
in organs, clearance formulae,
126-127
Qi level, clearance formulae,
124-125
Heat clearance
combination therapies, 58-62
formulae, 124-129
comparisons, 128-129
phlegm eliminating formulae,
159-160
prescription formulation
guidelines, 124,127-128
Hedyotis Diffusae, Herba (Bai Hua
She She Cao), 12
Hepatitis
case study, 199-200
viral, 199-200
Hippocampus (Hai Ma), 43, 45
Hirudo (Shui Zhi), 35
Hoarseness, case study, 191
Hominis, Placenta (Zi He Che), 45
46
Hordei Germinarus, Fructus (Mai
Ya), 15, 64
Houttuyniae, Herba (Yu Xing
Cao), 11
Hyperacidity, 100-101
Hypertension, 218-219
Hypokalaemia, 215-216
Imperatae, Rhizoma (Bai Mao
Gen), 86, 87
Impotence, 210-212
case study, 211
Indigo Naruralis (Qing Dai), 9,11,
61
Infertility, 210-212
Interior warming, 26-27,28,
82-84
channel warming/cold dispersal
formulae, 132
formulae, 130-134
comparisons, 133-134
prescription formulation
guidelines, 130,132-133
292 Index
Intestines, 99-103
astringent formulae, 176
astringents, 101
common herbs, 99-101
Damp-Heat clearance, 101,103
herb interactions /combinations
101-103
Inulae, Flos (Xuan Fu Hua) 16 17
84
Isatidis
Folium (Da Qing Ye), 9,11, 60
Radix, (Ban Lan Gen), 9, 11, 60
Jaundice, Damp-Heat retention
199
Joints, painful, 212-214
Juglandis, Semen (Hu Tao Rou)
43,45, 46, 75, 76
Kaki, Calyx (Shi Di), 83
Kidney deficiency
and Damp-Heat retention,
nephritis, 208-209
Phlegm and blood stagnation
214
urinary tract infection/lithiasis
210
Kidney Fire, empty, clearance,
109
Kidney Yang, tonification, 108 109
no
Kidney Yin
deficiency, 200
tonifications, 108, 109, 110
Kidneys
common herbs, 108, 109
herb interactions/combinations
109-110
Lactation disorders, 249-250
Laminariae, Thallus (Kun Bu) 17
18, 60, 71
Ledebouriellae, Radix (Fane Fene)
4, 6, 53, 65, 77 ' Lung Yin, 92, 93
Leonuri, Herba (Yi Mu Cao) 34
35, 85, 87
Lepidii seu Descurainiae, Semen
(Ting Li Zi), 18-19,56
Leucocytopenia, 228-229
Leucorrhoea, 242-245
astringent formulae, 176-177
case study, 243
simple, 242-243
Ligustici Chuanxiong, Rhizoma
(Chuan Xiong), 21, 29, 33
35, 85, 86, 87
Ligustici Sinensis, Rhizoma et
Radix, 6
Ligustri Lucidi, Fructus (Nu Zhen
Zi), 41, 44, 79
Linderae, Radix (Wu Yao) 29 69
80 ' '
Liver
calming herbs, 37-38
common herbs, 104-106
Damp-Heat, 201
harmonizing herbs, 105,106
herb interactions /combinations
106
Magnoliae Officinalis, Cortex (Hou
stomach disharmony, 192-193
Po), 23, 24,55, 61, 67-68
Manitis, Squama (Chuan Shan Jia)
warming herbs, 105,106,107 35
Liver Blood
Mantidis, Ootheca (Sang Piao
accumulation, 105
Xiao), 48
deficiency, 105
Margarita (Zhen Zhu), 37
stasis, 105
' ' Liver Fire
Margaritifera Usta, Concha (Zhen
Zhu Mu), 37, 38
clearance, 104, 106
lung invasion, 187
Massa Fermentata Medicinalis
(ShenQu), 15,64
Liver Heat, clearance, 104,106 Mel (Feng Mi), 40,44
Liver and Kidney deficiency
Melancholia, case study, 225-226
dizziness/vertigo, 220
Meliae Toosendam, Fructus
effects, 215
(Chuan Lian Zi), 29-30, 84
Liver Qi, stagnation, and spleen
Menopausal syndromes, 250-251
deficiency, 200
case study, 251
Liver Wind, 37-38
Menstrual disorders, 234-242
calming herbs, 104, 106
Menstruation, irregular, 234-236
Liver Yang, hyperactive, 104,106
case study, 236
Liver Yang Rising
Menstrual cycle
dizziness and vertigo, 218
irregular, 235-236
headache, 217
prolonged, 235
Liver Yin
shortened, 234-235
deficiency, 200
Menthae, Herba (Bo He), 5, 54 Para!
nourishment, 104,106
Meretricis seu Cyclinae, Concha
Lochia, persistent, 246-248 Pan
blood stagnation, 247
powder (Ge Fen Colla Patnn
Corii), 61, 86, 87
case studies, 247-248
Middle Burner
Heat in the blood, 248 deficiency, 193
Qi deficiency, 246-247
warming formulae, 130-131
Lonicerae Peri;
Mind calming formulae, 169-171
Caulis (Ren Dong Teng), 10 Fo:
comparisons, 170-171
Flos (Jin Yin Hua), 9, 10, 60 Fr s
guidelines, 169, 170
Lophatheri, Herba (Dan Zhu Ye) Persic
8, 9, 68
heart nourishing, 169-170
heart soothing, 169
Loranthi, Ramulus (Sang Ji Shene)
Mind calming herbs, 26 72-74
22,65,66,73,80 95-96
Lumbricus (Di Long), 38, 56, 57 Phe1'
Lung Heat
Ming Men Fire decline, 211
Miscarriage
clearance, 91, 93 Phh,-
habitual, 245-246
consuming body fluids, 214 eh;
threatened, 245-246
Lung Qi, 92, 93
case study, 246
Mori
Lungs, 91-94
Folium, (Sang Ye), 5, 6, 54
astringents, 92, 93
Ramulus (Sang Zhi), 21, 65
descending function, 91-92, 94
Mori Radici, Cortex (Sang Bai Pi)
dispersing function, 91
18,19,56
herb interactions/combinations Morindae Officinalis, Radix (Ba Ji
93-94
Tian), 42-43, 45
Liver-Fire invasion, 187
Moutan Radicis, Cortex (Mu Dan
moistening, 91, 93
Pi), 12,60,63
phlegm and fluid retention, 187 Mume
turj
purgation, 91
Flos (Lu E Mei), 29, 30
warming, 92, 93, 94
Fructus (Wu Mei), 47
Lycii, Fructus (Gou Qi Zi) 41 44
Myristicae, Semen (Rou Dou Kou)
49, 72, 73, 79 ' ' 47, 48, 80
Lycii Radicis, Cortex (Di Gu Pi) Phleg,.
Myrrhae, Resina (Mo Yao), 34 35 Phleg
13,62
85-86, 87
Lycopi, Herba (Ze Lan), 85, 87 Phlei; ■
Lygodii, Spora (Hai Jin Sha), 24,25
Natrii Sulfas (Mang Xiao), 14, 63 Phragr
Melumbinis, Semen (Lian Zi),' 48
Lysimachiae, Herba (Jin Qian Cao) Phyllo
24, 25, 68
NelumbinisRhizomatis, Nodus
(Oujie),31,32,33 Pinell
Nephritis, 207-209
Magnetitum (Ci Shi), 36, 38, 74
case study, 208
Magnoliae, Flos (Xin Yi Hua), 4, 5 Pi pen.
Neurasthenia, 225-226

Notoginseng, Radix (San Qi), 32,
33,87
Notopterygii, Rhizoma seu Radix
(Qiang Huo), 4, 5, 6, 20, 21,
65
Olibani, Resina (Ru Xiang), 34, 35,
85-86, 87
Ophiophogonis, Radix (Mai
Dong), 41, 44, 75, 76, 79,81
Oryzae Germinatus, Fructus (Gu
Ya), 15, 64
Ostreae, Concha (Mu Li), 37,38,
48, 49, 72, 73,74, 77
Ovarian cyst, case study, 244
Paeoniae Alba, Radix (Bai Shao), 3
40,44,53, 59,65, 72, 78,81
Paeoniae Rubra, Radix (Chi Shao),
12
Palpitation, 205-207
case study, 206
Panacis Quinquefolii, Radix (Xi
Yang Shen), 39,44
Paralysis, 214-216
Paridis, Rhizoma (Zoa Xiu), 11
Patriniae, Herba (Bai Jiang Cao),
12-13, 60
Pelvic inflammation, chronic,
243-245
Perillae
Folium (Zi Su Ye), 4
Fructus (Su Zi), 17,18, 55-56, 71
Persicae, Semen (Tao Ren), 34-35,
63,85, 87
Peucedani, Radix (Qian Hu),
16-17,55,56
Phellodendri, Cortex (Huang Bai),
9,58,59, 67,80
Phlegm
eliminating formulae, 159-164
comparisons, 162-164
Dampness drying, 159
dryness moistening, 161
Heat clearance, 159-160
prescription guidelines, 159,
162
Wind expulsion, 161-162
resolution, 16-18, 70-71, 92,
93-94
stagnation, blood stasis, 203
turbid
retention, dizziness/vertigo,
219
upward displacement,
217-218
Phlegm-Damp, retention, 212
Phlegm-Fire, palpitation, 205-206
Phlegm-fluid resolution, warming
formulae, 160
Phragmitis, Rhizoma (Lu Gen), 8, 9
Phyllostachyos, Folium (Zhu YeJ,
8,9
Pinelliae, Rhizoma (Ban Xia), 16,
17,54,70-71
Piperis Futokadsurae, Caulis (Hai
Feng Teng), 21
Plantaginis, Semen (Che Qian Zi),
24,68
Platycodi, Radix (Jie Geng), 16-17,
55,84
Pneumonia, 185-187
case study, 186-187
Polygalae, Radix (Yuan Zhi), 36, 38
Polygonati, Rhizoma (Huang Jing),
41,44
Polygonati, Odorati, Rhizoma (Yu
Zhu), 41,44
Polygoni Cuspidati, Rhizoma (Hu
Zhang), 34,35, 68
Polygoni Multiflori, Radix (He
Shou Wu), 41, 44, 75, 76
Poria (Fu Ling), 24, 68, 69, 76
Portulacae, Herba (Ma Chi Xian),
9,11
Postpartum urinary disorders,
248-249
Pregnancy disorders, 245-250
Prunellae, Spica (Xia Ku Cao), 9,
10,60
Pruni, Semen (Yu Li Ren), 14, 64
Pseudostellariae, Radix (Tai Zi
Shen), 39,44
Psoraleae, Fructus (Bu Gu Zhi), 43,
45,80
Puerariae, Radix (Ge Gen), 6, 54, 55
Pulsatillae, Radix (Bai Tou Weng),
11,60-61
Purgatives, 14,63-64, 101
cold, formulae, 119-120
formulae, 119-123
comparisons, 122-123
and continuous tonification,
121
for excess water, 120-121
moist, formulae, 120
prescription formulation
guidelines, 119,121-122
warm, formulae, 120
Pyrossiae, Folium (Chi Wi), 24,25
Qi
and Blood deficiency,
dizziness/vertigo, 219
circulation invigoration,
formulae, 142-143
damage by Summer Heat,
183-184
rebellious, downward
conduction, 143,144
regulating formulae, 142-147
comparisons, 145-147
guidelines, 142,144-145
regulation, 27-30, 82-84
renal reception, 108,109
tonics, 39-40, 44, 81
tonification formulae, 135-136
Qi deficiency
constipation, 202
coronary heart disease, 204
Qi level heat, clearance formulae,
124-125
Qi stagnation, 192,193
and blood stasis, 203
Index 293
Raphani, Semen, (Lai Fu Zi), 15, 71
Rehmanniae, Radix (Sheng Di
Huang), 12,13, 59-60, 61,
64, 65, 68, 72, 79
Rehmanniae Praeparata, Radix
(Shu Di), 13, 41, 44, 75, 76,
78,79
Respiratory diseases, 181-191
Rhei, Radix et Rhizoma (Da
Huang), 14,60,63-64,82,
83
Rheumatoid arthritis, acute,
213-214
Rhinoceri Asiatici, Cornu (Xi Jiao),
12,61
Rosae Laevigatae, Fructus (Jin
YingZi), 48, 80-81
Rosae Rugosae, Flos (Mei Gui
Hua), 29,30
Rubi, Fructus (Fu Pen Zi), 48-49
Rubiae, Radix (Qian Cao), 32, 33
Saccharum Granorum (Yi Tang),
40,44
Salviae Multiorrhizae, Radix (Dan
Shen), 33,35, 86,87
Sanguisorbae, Radix (Di Yu), 31,
33, 86, 87
Santali, Lignum (Tang Ziang), 86,
87
Sargassum (Hai Zao), 17,18,60, 71
Sargentodoxae, Caulis (Hong
Teng), 12-13,60
Schisandrae, Fructus (Wu Wei Zi),
47,48, 75, 76,83
Schizonepetae, Herba (Jing Jie), 4,
53,54
Sciatica, 212-213
Scolopendra (Wu Gong), 38,65, 72
Scorpio (Quan Xie), 38, 72
Scrophulariae, Radix (Xuan Shen),
9,12, 60, 61
Scutellariae, Radix (Huang Qin), 9,
54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 61-62
Scutellariae Barbatae, Herba (Ban
ZhiLian), 12
Seasonal diseases, 181-191
Sepiae, Os (Wu Zei Gu), 48, 49
Shao Yang syndrome, 201-202
Siegesbeckiae, Herba (Xi Xian
Cao), 20,65
Sinapis Albae, Semen (Bai Jie Zi),
16,17,71
Smilacis Glabrae, Rhizoma (Tu Fu
Ling), 12
Sophorae, Flos (Haui Hua), 31, 33,
86,87
Sophorae Flavescentis, Radix (Hu
Shen), 9-10
Sophorae Subprostatae, Radix
(Shan Dou Gen), 9,11
Sparganii, Rhizoma (San Leng),
33-34, 35, 85, 87
Spatholobi, Caulis (Ji Xue Teng),
34, 35, 78
Spermatorrhoea, 108,110,
210-212
294 Index
Spleen, 99-103
Cold dispersal, 100
common herbs, 99-101
Dampness retention, 194
herb interactions /combinations,
101-103
herbs, stomach herbs
differentiation, 103
Spleen deficiency, 193
diarrhoea/dysentery, 197
and invasion of Dampness,
nephritis, 207-208
urinary tract infection/lithiasis,
210
Spleen and kidney Yang
deficiency
dysentery-related, 197
nephritis, 208
Spleen and stomach Qi, 99,
101-103
Spleen Yang, 99,101-102
Stellariae, Radix (Yin Chai Hu), 13
62
Stemonae, Radix (Bai Bu), 18,55
Stephaniae Tetrandrae, Radix
(Fang Ji), 20, 65
Stomach, 99-103
Cold dispersal, 100
Cold retention/Qi stagnation,
192
common herbs, 99-101
Dampness retention, 194
deficiency, 193
Fire and Damp-Heat, 192
harmonization formulae,
152-153
herb interactions/combinations,
101-103
herbs, spleen herbs
differentiation, 103
liver disharmony, 192-193
Stomach Fire, clearance, 100,103
Stomach Qi
Rebellious, downwards
conductance, 100
see also Spleen and stomach Qi
Stomach Yin, 100,103
Succinum (Hu Po), 36, 38
Summer Heat, and Dampness,
182
Sweating control, formulae,
175-176
Talcum (Hua Shi), 24
Taraxaci, Herba (Pu Gong Ying), 9
10,60
Tendons, strengthening, 108,
109
Testudinis, Plastrum (Gui Ban) 41
44, 72,80
Thrombocytopenia, 228-229
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic
purpura, case study, 229
Tonic prescriptions, 135-141
comparisons, 139, 140-141
formulation guidelines, 135,
138-140
Tonics, 39-46, 75-81
Tracheitis, 185-187
case study, 186
chronic, cough, 187
Trachelospermi, Caulis (Luo Shi
Teng), 21
Trachycarpi Carbonisatus,
Petiolus (Zone Lu Tan), 32,
33
Tribuli, Fructus, (Ci Ji Li), 37, 38
Trichosanthis
Fructus (Gua Lou), 17, 29, 30, 71
84
Radix (Han Hua Fen), 8, 9
Trionycis, Carapax (Bie Jia), 41 44
61, 62, 72
Tritici Levis, Fructus (Fu Xiao
Mai), 47, 81
Trogopterorum, Faeces (Wu Ling
Zhi), 35, 86, 87
Typhae, Pollen (Pu Huang), 32, 33,
86,87
Typhonii, Rhizoma (Bai Fu Zi), 16,
17,71
Umbellatus, Polyporus (Zhu Ling)
24,68
Umbilical cord (Qi Dai), 45,46
Uncariae cum Uncis, Ramulus
(Gou Teng), 37, 38, 72
Urinary disorders, postpartum
248-249
Urinary lithiasis, 209-210
Urinary tract infection, 209-210
case study, 209-210
Urogenital system, diseases,
207-209
Urticaria, 231-232
case study, 232
Uterine bleeding, astringent
formulae, 176-177
Uterine bleeding, functional,
236-238
blood stagnation, 237
case studies, 237, 238
Heat in the blood, 236-237
Qi deficiency, 237-238
Violae, Herba (Zi Hua Di Dine) 9
10,60
Viticis, Fructus (Man Jing Zi), 5,6
Vomiting, 144
Warming herbs, 26-27, 28
Water, and dampness expulsion,
warming formulae,
154-155
Wei syndromes, 214-216
case study, 215-216
Wheat (Fu Xiao Mi), 74
Wheezing, 18-19, 92, 93-94
Wind
expulsion formulae, 165-168
comparisons, 167-168
guidelines, 165, 167
Yin nourishment, 167
external, expulsion formulae,
165-166
internal, subduing formulae
166-167
subduing herbs, 72-74
Wind-Cold, 181,185
dispersal, 3-4
urticaria, 231-232
Wind-Damp, 20-22
expulsion formulae, 155-156
Wind-Heat, 182,186
dispersal, 5-6
urticaria, 231
Wind-Stroke, 220-223
case study, 222-223
recuperative stage, 222
Wind-Water, and nephritis, 207
Yang
collapsed, restoring formulae,
131
tonics, 42-43,45-46
tonification formulae, 138
Yang deficiency
constipation, 202
coronary heart disease, 204
Yellow earth, baked (Zao Xin Tu),
32,33
Yin
tonics, 41-42, 81
tonification formulae, 136-138
Yin deficiency, 187
coronary heart disease, 204
dysentery-related, 198
Empty Fire, 194
palpitation, 205
spermatorrhoea, 210-211
Zang-Fu, attack on, 221-222
Zanthii, Fructus (Cang Er Zi), 4,5,
6
Zanthoxyli, Pericarpium (Hua
Jiao), 27,28
Zaocys (Wu Shao She), 21, 26
Zedoariae, Rhizoma (E Zhu),
33-34, 35, 85, 87
Zingiberis Recens, Rhizoma
(Sheng Jiang), 27,28, 82
Zingiberis, Rhizoma, see also
Ginger, Baked (Pao Jiang)
Zingiberis, Rhizoma (Gan Jiang),
27, 28, 82
Ziziphi Jujubae, Fructus (Da Zao),
40,44, 74
Ziziphi Spinosae, Semen (Suan
Zao Ren), 36,38, 74, 79