Technical College of Engineering

Department of Petrochemical
COURSE: refinery
Class: Second 2017 - 2018

Name of Experiment: Standard test method for conradson

carbon residue pf petroleum products ATSM D189
Submitted by: Aram Ibrahim Nabi
Experiment No: 1
Date of experiment: 17 /02 /2018

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EVALUATION

Activity During Experiment & Procedure

Data & Results

Discussion, Conclusion & Answer to the Questions

Neat and tidy report writing

Overall Mark
Title: Standard test method for conradson carbon residue pf
petroleum products ATSM D189

Objective:
To determine the amount of carbon residue left after evaporation
and pyrolysis of crude oil.
Introduction:
A weighed quantity of sample is placed in a crucible and subjected
to destructive distillation. The residue undergoes cracking and coking
reactions during an axed period of severe heating. At the end of the
specified heating period, the test crucible containing the carbonaceous
residue is cooled in a desiccator and weighed. The residue remaining is
calculated as a percentage of the original sample, and reported as
Conradson carbon residue.
The carbon residue of a fuel is the tendency to form carbon
deposits under high temperature conditions in an inert atmosphere. It may
be expressed as Ramsbottom Carbon Residue (RCR), Conradson Carbon
Residue (CCR) or Micro Carbon Residue (MCR).Numerically, the CCR
value is the same as that of MCR. The carbon residue value is considered
by some to give an approximate indication of the combustibility and
deposit forming tendencies of the fuel. The carbon residue of a fuel is the
tendency to form carbon deposits under high temperature conditions in an
inert atmosphere, and may be expressed commonly as Micro Carbon
Residue (MCR) or alternatively Conradson Carbon Residue (CCR). It
should be noted that numerically MCR is effectively the same as CCR
 Conradson Carbon
Residue Apparatus
Instruments:
Conradson carbon residue apparatus includes the following:
1- porcelain Crucible
2- Iron Crucible- Skidmore iron crucible
3- Iron crucible
4- Wire Support
5- Hood
6- Insulator-Asbestos block, refractory ring, or hollow sheet-metal box.
7- Burner.
Procedure:
1- Weigh accurately the empty dry and clean crucible on the analytical
balance, m1, gm.
2- Shake thoroughly the sample to be tested, first heating to 50 oC
when necessary to reduce its viscosity. Immediately following the
heating and shaking, filter test portion through a 100 mesh screen.
3- A 10 g sample is weighed into a tarred porcelain or silica crucible
containing 2 glass beads 2.5 mm in diameter.
4- The crucible is placed in the center of skidmore crucible which is set
at the center of the iron crucible and covers are applied to both of
skidmore and iron crucible.
5- A strong flame is applied from the gas burner to have high heat for
a period of 10 min.
6- When smoke appears from the chimney the burner is moved or
tilted to ignite the vapor then removed temporarily.
7- When the vapor cease to burn the heat is reapplied until the bottom
of the sheet iron crucible is cherry red.
8- The burner is removed and the apparatus is cooled until no smoke
appears then the cover of the skidmore crucible is removed (about
15 min).
9- The porcelain or silica crucible is removed and placed in the
desiccators, cooled and weighed again accurately, m3, gm and %
of carbon residue is calculated based on the original sample.
Calculations:
Calculate the carbon residue of the sample, from the equation:
M1 (mass of empty crucible) =23.3 g
M2 (mass of crucible + sample) =33.6 g
M3 (mass of residue + crucible) =24.3 g
𝑀3 − 𝑀1
𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 % = ∗ 100
𝑀2 − 𝑀1
24.3 − 23.3
= ∗ 100 = 9.7%
33.6 − 23.3

Discussion:
1- Here we have a standard test method to determine the amount of
carbon residue exist in a sample of petroleum, the conradson test is used
to measure carbon residues of oil. In brief, the carbon residue of a fuel is
the tendency to form carbon deposits under high temperature conditions
in an inert atmosphere.
2- This is an important value for the crude oil refinery, and usually one
of the measurements in a crude oil assay. Carbon residue is an important
measurement for the feed to the refinery process fluid catalytic cracking
and delayed coking.
3- Carbon residue for a fossil fuel can be defined as the tendency of
that fuel to form carbon deposits at high temperature in an inert
atmosphere. Carbon residue for a fuel is measured in weight percentage
(wt %) or parts per million by weight (ppm wt). High carbon residue value
is undesirable for a fuel, so carbon residue is an important value for oil
products price.
4-The hydrocarbons present in crude petroleum are classified into three
general types:1-paraffins, 2-naphthenes, 3-and aromatics. In addition, there
is a fourth type,olefins, that is formed during processing by the
dehydrogenation of paraffins andnaphthenes.
References
1. Jump up^ Humboldt Testing Equipment. "Conradson Carbon Residue
Apparatus". Retrieved 27 November 2015.
2. Jump up^ Merriam-Webster. "Conradson Carbon Test". Merriam-Webster.com.
Retrieved 27 November 2015.
3. Jump up^ International Standards Organization. "Petroleum products –
Determination of carbon residue – Conradson method". Retrieved 27
November 2015.
4. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f ASTM International. "Standard Test Method for Conradson
Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products" (PDF).
5. Jump up^ Colorado School of Mines. "Delayed Coking" (PDF). Retrieved 22
November 2015.
6. Jump up^ Shabron, John; Speight, James G. "Correlation between Carbon
Residue and Molecular Weight" (PDF). Western Research Institute. Retrieved 27
November 2015.
7. Jump up^ Sadeghbeigi, Reza (2000). Fluid Catalytic Cracking Handbook:
Design, Operation, and Troubleshooting of FCC Facilities. Gulf Professional
Publishing. p. 52. ISBN 0884152898.