20th Feb, 2018

THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE-1
15 ARC 2.6

Seminar 1
Module 1
Definition of Art and role of Art in Agenda
Society: • Student’s understanding
• Role and meaning of art, various • Seminar
types of arts
• Discussion
• fine arts, performing arts,
commercial arts, industrial arts, • Questions
folk arts, abstract art, visual arts, • Reading for the next session
spatial arts, temporal arts, pop art
etc.,
• Relationship of architecture with
other arts like Painting and
Sculpture.
 Few Quotes
Rene Magritte
Art evokes the mystery without which the
world would not exist.
Frank Lloyd Wright
Art is a discovery and development of
elementary principles of nature into
ETYMOLOGY beautiful forms suitable for human use.
“Art” is related to the Latin word “ars” meaning, art, skill, or craft. The Thomas Merton
first known use of the word art comes from 13th century manuscripts. Art enables us to find ourselves and lose
ourselves at the same time.
Oxford meaning Edgar Degas
The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, Art is not what you see, but what you make
others see.
typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing
works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional
power.

AN ACTIVITY THROUGH WHICH PEOPLE EXPRESS PARTICULAR IDEAS

• ART of
communication
• Art if way of looking
at things
• Art is a form of
expression
• Art is perception
• Art is an Idea
• Art is an inspiration
What is ART for and what does it do?

There are five purposes for visual art:

Ceremonial,

Artistic Expression,

Narrative,

Functional

and Persuasive.
 W A Y S OF D E F I N I N G A R T
There are as many ways to define art as there are people in the universe, and each definition is influenced by the
unique perspective of that person, as well as by their own personality and character.
Representation/replicating-
copying or imitating
Any work of art “you can tell what
it is”
Expression- artwork expressing a
definite feeling, as in the sublime
or dramatic. Audience response
was important, for the artwork
was intended to evoke an
emotional response.
Form-Formal qualities became
particularly important when art
became more abstract in the 20th
century, and the principles of art
and design - terms such as
balance, rhythm, harmony, unity -
were used to define and assess art.
Visual arts
ceramics,
drawing,
painting, Literary arts
sculpture, Written or oral
printmaking, Poetry
design, Prose
crafts, Drama
photography,
video,
filmmaking, and
architecture.

Performing arts
Music
Theatre
Dance
Visual Arts are limited to artworks that were made to be experienced thru viewing.
The visual arts are art forms such as ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video,
filmmaking, and architecture. Many artistic disciplines (performing arts, conceptual art, textile arts) involve aspects of the visual
arts as well as arts of other types.
Fine Arts are artworks that were made skillfully. It is also an academic study in making a person become a skillful artist.
Historically, the five main fine arts were painting, sculpture, architecture, music, and poetry, with performing arts including
theatre and dance. Today, the fine arts commonly include additional forms, such as film, photography, video production/editing,
design, sequential art, conceptual art, and printmaking.

FINE ART
a) Visual Arts (as ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video, filmmaking, and
architecture.
Decorative arts- ceramics, furniture and interior design, jewelry making, metal crafting, and woodworking.
a) Auditory Arts (music, drama, spoken literature, etc.)
b) Performance Arts (can be either visual, auditory, or a combination of the two, but they are performed)
FINE ARTS
The term "fine art" refers to an art form practiced mainly for its aesthetic value and its beauty ("art for art's sake") rather than its
functional value.
Fine art is art developed primarily for aesthetics or beauty, distinguishing it from applied art, which also has to serve some
practical function, such as pottery or most metalwork.
Visual art- "a visual art considered to have been created primarily for aesthetic
and intellectual purposes and judged for its beauty and meaningfulness,
specifically, painting, sculpture, drawing, watercolor, graphics, and
architecture/design in general."
Applied art- For the sake of simplicity, works of
applied art comprise two different types: standard
machine-made products which have had a
particular design applied to them, to make them
more attractive and easy-to-use; and individual,
aesthetically pleasing but mostly functional, craft
products made by artisans or skilled workers.
Artistic disciplines that are classified as applied
arts, include
industrial design,
fashion design,
interior design,
and graphic art
and design (including computer graphics),
as well as most types of decorative art eg.
furniture,
carpets,
tapestry,
embroidery,
batik,
jewellery,
precious metalwork,
pottery,
goldsmithing,
basketry,
mosaic art, and
glassware.
Illuminated manuscripts and later book
illustration are also classified as applied arts.
Architecture, too is best viewed as an applied art.
Contemporary Arts
The visual arts also include a number of modern art forms, such
as: Assemblage, Collage, Mixed-media, Conceptual
Art, Installation, Performance art, along with film-based disciplines such
as Photography, Video Art and Animation, or any combination thereof.

This group of activities also includes high tech disciplines like computer
graphics and giclee prints. Another modern visual art, is the new
environmental or Land art, which also includes transitory forms like
ice/snow sculpture, and (presumably) graffiti art.
Commercial arts- Art created to commercial constraints.
Commercial art is art that is created to commercial constraints such as marketing goals. Where fine art is purely a result of the
inspiration of the artist, commercial art is based on some level of business or functional requirements. The following are common
types of commercial art.
Industrial arts
The practical arts, such as engineering, metalworking or carpentry.
The teaching of the knowledge and skills needed to work with tools and machinery
Folk arts
Folk art is an expression of the
world's traditional cultures. FOLK ART
is rooted in traditions that come from
community and culture – expressing
cultural identity by conveying shared
community values and aesthetics.
Art produced from an indigenous
culture or by peasants or other
laboring tradespeople. In contrast to
fine art, folk art is primarily utilitarian
and decorative rather than purely
Painting on the
aesthetic.
walls of a house

Warli art

Madhubani/Mithila art Kalamkari Miniature paintings Tanjore painting

Representational art
Clearly recognizable paintings or
sculptures
Most ancient art is representational
Abstract art/non
representational art
Abstract art (sometimes called nonobjective art) is a painting or
sculpture that does not depict a person, place, or thing in the
natural world. With abstract art, the subject of the work is
based on what you see: color, shapes, brushstrokes, size, scale,
and, in some cases, the process itself, as in action painting.
Non representational art does not represent any recognizable
subject matter.
Abstract artists strive to be non-objective and non-
representational, allowing the viewer to interpret each
artwork's meaning in their own way.
"Of all the arts, abstract painting is the most difficult. It
demands that you know how to draw well, that you have a
heightened sensitivity for composition and for colors, and that
you be a true poet. This last is essential." –Wassily Kandinsky.
Spatial arts
Spatial design is a relatively new conceptual design discipline
that crosses the boundaries of traditional design specialisms
such as architecture, landscape architecture, landscape
design, interior design and service design as well as certain
areas of public art.
Temporal arts
Temporal Art refers to an art work
that has only temporary existence
as the medium it is made in. An
example of temporal art is ice
sculpture. Live performance of art
or temporary installations may be
cited as other examples of this art
form.
Pop art
Pop Art was a style of modern art in the
1960's that used the imagery of mass-media,
mass-production and mass-culture. The term
Pop-Art was invented by British curator
Lawrence Alloway in 1955, to describe a new
form of "Popular" art - a movement
characterized by the imagery of consumerism
and popular culture.
The movement presented a challenge to
traditions of fine art by including imagery
from popular and mass culture, such
as advertising, comic books and mundane
cultural objects.
Difference between abstract art and representative art
Abstract art doesn't look like things you find in the real
world. A work of abstract art might explore elements like
color, line and form. It doesn't includes images or shapes
of objects that you would recognize. The idea of abstract
art really got its start in the early 20th century when
artists began to move away from strict depictions of real-
world elements to express inner ideas, theories and
emotions. Artists known for creating abstract art
include Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944) and Piet
Mondrian (1872-1944).
On the other hand, representational art is recognizable
as something you might see in the real world. It's
identifiable as a scene, objects or figures.
Representational art doesn't have to be limited to
completely realistic scenes. The artist might choose to
paint a tree in different colors, for example, or create a
mystical world with people and monsters. But in general,
we still see things in the work that we recognize as being
'things.
Difference between performing arts and folk art.
Key difference: Folk dancing is a simple dance form meant for group performance based on a reason like harvest of food,
whereas classical dance is a form of enlightenment.
Comparison between Folk and Classical Dance:
Folk Dance Classical Dance

Classical dance forms are characterized by

grace and precision of movement and by
Folk dancing is a simple dance form meant
elaborate formal gestures, steps, and
Definition for group performance created for a
poses. Indian Classical Dances are for
reason like harvest of food.
enlightenment and are based on Natya
Shastra.

It is a recent movement that values the It is a dance that is highly stylized and
Dance form
traditional dances of various peoples. intended for performance.

Classical dance is developed in the high

Society Folk dances are common people's dances.
society circles.

Folk dancing is funnier and free. It usually Classical dance is more demanding and is
Storyline
has a story line to the dance. usually strict with technical aspects.

Folk dances are all about energy, Classical dances are more about grace and
About
enthusiasm and power. composure.

Folk dances are based on traditions where Classical dances are performed by
Dancers the people dance and are not professional or highly trained dancers who
"professional" dancers. have studied their form for many years.

Ballet, Bharatnatyam of Tamil Nadu,

Kalbelia, Chari, Ghoomer, Fire and Kacchi
Example Mohiniaattam of Kerala, Kuchipudi of
Gori Dance.
Andhra Pradesh.
Difference Between Fine Art and Decorative Arts/Crafts
Until the English Arts & Crafts Movement of the late 19th century, there was a rigid distinction between fine art
(purely aesthetic) and decorative art(functional). During the 20th century, with the introduction of the category
of visual art, this arbitrary distinction has become blurred, and certain crafts or decorative arts (notably
ceramics) are now considered to be fine art.
 Art and Architecture
Art is anything and everything that’s creative. Both art and
architecture are connected in a sense that art is an ocean and
architecture is a river that connects to it. The observation is
relatively simple to grasp. For example, a sculpture is a piece of
art and interior design that gives the sculpture focus could be
the architecture. Architecture is a small part of art and
architects try to combine both to creatively enhance the inside
or outside of a structure.

When you look at both art and architecture, you’ll notice that architecture does all
the hard work and art does the job of perfecting it. Art can be viewed in 2D or 3D
as a stationary object, but architecture can be traveled through, which adds a 4th
dimension. Think of architecture as a bog-standard Christmas tree and art as the
tree decorations. Architecture (Christmas tree) does the hard work of holding art
(decorations) in place so they can both work together to create a masterpiece.
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