Bone –

It is hard connective tissue

Skeleton - it is frame work of bones
Types of skeleton
Appendicular - it is movable skeleton
Axial - it is non movable
Classification of bones
a) According to shape
1. Long bones - bones which has got two ends
& in bet there is shaft all the bones of limbs
e.g. humerus ,radius , femur ,tibia , ulna ,
fibula
2. Short bones - shape is smaller e.g. carpal
tarsal
3. Flat - plate like sternum scapula skull bones
4. Pneumatic bones - the bones which have air
spaces in side e.g. ethmoid ,sphenoid
,maxilla frontal
Function - they lightens the weight of skull
They add resonance to voice
They help in warming the air entering the
respiratory tract
5. Irregular bone - bones do not have
particular shape e.g. vertebrae, hip bone
6. Sesamoid bones - these bones develops in
tendon of muscle these bones develops after
birth they do not have periosteum i.e.
covering of bone ,they not have haversion
canal ,they do not have nutrient artery ,they
change the direction of muscles e.g. patella ,
pisiform
According to structural classification
1. Compact - forming shaft of long bones
2. Spongy bone - forming ends of long bones ,
sternum etc
According to development
1. Membranous - develop in membrane e.g.
skull
2. Cartilaginous - develop in cartilage e.g. long
bones
3. Membrano-cartilegonous - clavicle
Ossification – it means formation of bones
Some bones develops before birth & after birth
Part of bones before birth develops from primary
centers
Part of bones after birth develops from secondary
centers
Primary centers appears before birth
Secondary centers appears after
These two centers fuses with each other forming
the complete bone
Law of ossification states that secondary centers
appears last fuses first primary centers appears
first fuses last
Each bones has nutrient foramina it placed
obliquely in the bone
The law of ossification says that direction of
foramina is opposite to direction of growth of bone
Parts of growing bones
The part which develops from primary centers is
called as diaphysis this forms shaft of bone
The part of long bone which develops from
secondary centers is called as epiphysis they
forms ends of long bones
Metaphysis – it is growing end of diaphysis
After the growth of bones gets completed epiphysis
fuses with diaphysis following rules of ossification