Skeleton - it is frame work of bones Types of skeleton Appendicular - it is movable skeleton Axial - it is non movable Classification of bones a) According to shape 1. Long bones - bones which has got two ends & in bet there is shaft all the bones of limbs e.g. humerus ,radius , femur ,tibia , ulna , fibula 2. Short bones - shape is smaller e.g. carpal tarsal 3. Flat - plate like sternum scapula skull bones 4. Pneumatic bones - the bones which have air spaces in side e.g. ethmoid ,sphenoid ,maxilla frontal Function - they lightens the weight of skull They add resonance to voice They help in warming the air entering the respiratory tract 5. Irregular bone - bones do not have particular shape e.g. vertebrae, hip bone 6. Sesamoid bones - these bones develops in tendon of muscle these bones develops after birth they do not have periosteum i.e. covering of bone ,they not have haversion canal ,they do not have nutrient artery ,they change the direction of muscles e.g. patella , pisiform According to structural classification 1. Compact - forming shaft of long bones 2. Spongy bone - forming ends of long bones , sternum etc According to development 1. Membranous - develop in membrane e.g. skull 2. Cartilaginous - develop in cartilage e.g. long bones 3. Membrano-cartilegonous - clavicle Ossification – it means formation of bones Some bones develops before birth & after birth Part of bones before birth develops from primary centers Part of bones after birth develops from secondary centers Primary centers appears before birth Secondary centers appears after These two centers fuses with each other forming the complete bone Law of ossification states that secondary centers appears last fuses first primary centers appears first fuses last Each bones has nutrient foramina it placed obliquely in the bone The law of ossification says that direction of foramina is opposite to direction of growth of bone Parts of growing bones The part which develops from primary centers is called as diaphysis this forms shaft of bone The part of long bone which develops from secondary centers is called as epiphysis they forms ends of long bones Metaphysis – it is growing end of diaphysis After the growth of bones gets completed epiphysis fuses with diaphysis following rules of ossification