Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
Stair
OVERVIEW
• Introduction
• Functional requirements
• Basic elements of stairs
• Type of stairs
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Stair
INTRODUCTION
What is vertical movement or vertical circulation?
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Stair
INTRODUCTION (cont.)
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Stair
INTRODUCTION (cont.)
STAIRS/STAIRWAY
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Stair
INTRODUCTION (cont.)
LADDER
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Stair
INTRODUCTION (cont.)
STEPLADDER
RAMP
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Stair
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
STRENGHT
• Able to support for movement between floors, including dead
and imposed load.
SAFETY IN USE
• Comply with the Building Regulation in determining the rise,
thread, headroom and dimensions of the handrails and guarding.
• Should be constructed of materials that are capable of
maintaining strength and stability for a period of time sufficient to
escape to the outside.
FIRE SAFETY
• The steps and the width should be adequate for the safe escape
to the outside.
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Stair
PRIMARY FUNCTIONS
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Stair
STAIR TERMINALOGY
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Stair
STAIR TERMINALOGY
STEPS
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Stair
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Stair
13
Stair
• A clearance height
between the pitch line of
the stair and the underside
of the stairs, landings and
floors above the stair.
• Minimum 2 m clearance
from the pitch line for a
convenience of human
and goods movement.
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Stair
Balustrade
• A series of baluster, capped by a handrail.
15
Stair
Closed railing
Open railing
Stair
TYPE OF STAIRS
• Type of stairs:
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Stair
TYPE OF STAIRS
Straight Flight Stair
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Stair
19
Stair
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Stair
• Constructed as either a
spiral(helical) stair or an ellipse
stair.
• The most economical way to
save space, but difficult to
Spiral (helical) stair
use due to the sharp turns.
Very dangerous for the very
young and elderly.
• Usually use where the space is
very limited for access to an
intermediate floor of one
room.
Elliptical stair
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TYPE OF STAIRS (cont.)
Winder Stair
• Timber
• Concrete – precast & cast-insitu
• Metal
• Stone
Timber Staircase
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Stair
Timber Stair (cont.)
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Timber Stair (cont.)
Timber Stair (cont.)
In-situ RC stair
• Constructed to cantilever
from the spine wall, or can
be partly cantilever from the
spine wall and supported by
the enclosing frame or walls.
TYPE OF STAIR (cont.)
Stone Stair
Stone steps with stepped soffit Stone steps with flush soffit
Metal Stair
Formwork
Reinforcement
Metal stairs
Timber Spiral Stair
Precast Stairs – hoisting and assembling
Precast Stair
REFERENCES