By: Pritpal, Idan, Farouk (and Fuad)

Spectrum Project
 Radio

Radio waves are a type of

electromagnetic radiation with
wavelengths in the electromagnetic
spectrum longer than infrared light.
Radio waves have frequencies as high
as 300 GHz to as low as 3 kHz.the
corresponding wavelength is 1 mm
(0.039 in), and at 3 kHz is 100 km (62
mi).
Color: Red
Heat: Cold
 Microwave
Microwave Ovens use a
magnetron to make microwaves
that cook and heat food!
Microwaves turn on and off like
a light bulb: when they are off,
no waves are emitted, and
microwave energy cannot linger
in the oven or in food.
A Microwave is an electromagnetic wave with a
wavelength in the range 0.001–0.3 m, shorter than
that of a normal radio wave but longer than those
of infrared radiation. Microwaves are used in
radar, in communications, and for heating in
microwave ovens and in various industrial
processes.
During the 1800’s, a physicist named Heinrich
hertz proved the existence of Microwaves by
building a device that detected and produced
Microwave radiation.
Microwave radiation can heat body tissue the
same way it heats food. Exposure to high levels of
microwaves can cause a painful burn... Additionally,
the lens of the eye is particularly sensitive to
intense heat, and exposure to high levels of
microwaves can cause cataracts. (clouding of the
lens in the eye which leads to a decrease in vision)
 Infrared
In firefighting, infrared cameras
are being used to locate people or
animals in heavy spots and to
detect hot spots in forest fires.
The reason why the air cools so quickly on a
clear, dry evening is because the lack of
humidity and clouds allows large amounts of
IR radiation to escape rapidly to outer space
as it is emitted upward by the ground and
other surfaces.
Another interesting fact
about infrared light is that
it can travel through thick
smoke, dust or fog, and even
some materials.
Infrared light has a wavelength just greater
than that of the blue end of the visible light
spectrum but less than that of microwaves
Infrared radiation has a wavelength from
about 800 nm to 1 mm, and is emitted
particularly by heated objects.
Infrared was discovered in 1800 by
astronomer Sir William Herschel.
The higher the frequency of the radiation,
the more damage it is likely to cause to the
body: microwaves cause internal heating of
body tissues. infrared radiation is felt as
heat and causes skin burns. X-rays damage
cells, causing mutations (which may lead to
cancer) and cell death.
 Visible Light
Visible light is a form of electromagnetic
(EM) radiation. Generally, visible light is defined as
the wavelengths that are visible to most human
eyes. Visible light allows us to see a lot of the
things we interact with in our lives.
Visible light ranges from 380 to 760
nanometers (400 -790 terahertz). Light has from
1.8 eV to 3.1 eV of energy, depending on the colour.
Visible light's neighbors on the EM spectrum are
infrared on the redder side, and ultraviolet on the
bluer side.

For most of history, visible light was the only

known part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The
ancient Greeks recognized that light traveled in
straight lines and studied some of its properties,
including reflection and refraction. In the 17th
century, Isaac Newton discovered that prisms
could disassemble and reassemble white light, and
described the phenomenon in his book Opticks. He
If you shine white light into a prism, the
was the first to use the word spectrum in this white light will separate into a rainbow. This
sense in print in 1671 in describing his experiments is because white light consists of all the
in optics. colours of visible light. Black, on the other
hand, is a lack of colour.
 Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible
light but longer than X-rays

Ultraviolet (UV) is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than
that of visible light but longer than X-rays

Johann Ritter is best known for his discovery of ultraviolet light in 1801

Ultraviolet (UV) light falls in the range of the EM spectrum between visible light and X-rays. It has
frequencies of about 8 × 1014 to 3 × 1016 cycles per second,

Ultraviolet (UV) is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter
than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.

Ultraviolet (UV) is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than
that of visible light but longer than X-rays.

Colour: Purple

Heat: Warm
 X-Rays
X-rays are a very energetic form of
electromagnetic radiation that can be
used to take images of the human body.
X-rays are a form of electromagnetic
radiation, as are radio waves, infrared
radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation
and microwaves.
Color: Light Blue
Heat: Warm
Most X-rays have a wavelength
ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers,
corresponding to frequencies in the
range 30 petaherz to 30 exahertz
(3×1016 Hz to 3×1019 Hz) and
energies in the range 100 eV to 100
keV.
 Gamma ray
A gamma ray is an extremely high energy photon or "ray" of electromagnetic
radiation. Gamma rays appear at the extreme upper end of the
electromagnetic spectrum, up above X-rays with a bit of overlap.

Gamma rays typically have frequencies above 10 exahertz (or >1019 Hz),
and therefore have energies above 100 keV and wavelengths less than 10
picometers (10−11 m), which is less than the diameter of an atom.

The wavelength of a Gamma Ray is 10-11 meters (10 picometers) or less

A gamma ray will have energy in excess of 100 keV (kiloelectron volts).

Colour: no colour

Heat: very hot