Vocabulary and questions about the seconde syllabus

Geography
Population History
Feeding people
Water supply Athens
Urbanisation Beginnings of Christianity
Hazards 12th century
Coastal environments the Renaissance
Mountains the French Revolution
19th century, the industrial revolution

useful vocabulary definitions What you must know

Geography
Population

millions of people What is the world's population

population dynamics; population growth distribution?
demography
birth rate birth per 1000 inhabitants
What are the main reasons for
death rate, mortality rate death per 1000 inhabitants high densities? For low
rate of natural change, natural increase rate birth rate minus death densities?
rate Explain the demographic
infant mortality rate death during first year per 1000 live births transition.
fertility rate birth per 1000 women from 15 to 45 years old
age pyramid graphic with the population's age structure
push/pull factors
emigrant people who leave their country
refugee people who flee their country
immigrant people who come into a foreign country
density concentration of population in an area and
number of people per square kilometer
distribution, settlement
inhabitants people living in a country (=> inhabited, uninhabited: be
careful!!)
crowded full of people
sparse small in number and spread out in an area (scarce)
life expectancy years to live
disease illness
contraceptive
demographic transition, stages
census official survey of the population of a country that is carried out by the
government in order to get details of the number of people living in the country, their age and
occupations, where they live...
to decrease, decrease reduction / to increase
the age structure
border, frontier
global environmental change: the greenhouse effect; the ozone layer;
deforestation; desertification

Feeding people

crops the plants that you collect at harvest time

harvest [ha:vI st] 2
the cutting of crops, the ripened crops
~ yield [ji:ld] amount of food produced
field [fi:ld] area of land on which a crop is grown
food supplies; malnutrition; hunger; population pressure; famine
the Green Revolution
subistence/ commercial agriculture
sustainable agriculture; fertiliser
the Common Agricultural Policy
GM food
rainforest, desert, savanna, coastline, mountains
vegetation, animals, climate, precipitation
primary energy, renewable/non-reneweable energy

Water supply

desalination
water shortage
to irrigate
industrial or agricultural use
consumer of water
freshwater/ dirty water

Urbanisation

megalopolis; city; large town

counterurbanisation
rural (to) urban migration
urban structure; urban sprawl
district particular area of a town
central area
suburbs area of a town which is not close to the centre
Central Business District; rural-urban fringe
commuting journeys
Green Belt
shanty town, slums area of a city where living conditions are very bad

Hazards

drought lack or shortage of rainwater

floods large amount of water
earthquake: to collapse, aftershocks, landslide, tsunami, aseismic houses
avalanche
volcano (volcanoes): to erupt, lava, gases, ashes, mud flow, geological plate
hurricane, cyclone, windstorm

Coastal environments

a beach
a seaside resort
a shipping route
deepwater port
carrier, tanker, cargo, barges
green tourism

Mountains

a winter resort

History
Athens
Athens in the Vth century BC (Before Christ)

to dedicate to
god, goddess
priest
a sanctuary
citizen, slaveephebe, foreigner
a metic a foreigner who lives in Athens
the Medic Wars
civil and political rights
to undergo a probationary period; to be placed on a list
the rules
the magistrates, the orators
assembly a group of people who meet regularly to make laws: Ecclesia
a temple; doric, ionic, corinthian order; frieze, column; to beautify,
building, monument, caryatid
capital top part of a stone column
pediment a piece of stone usually three-sided, built over a doorway or on the top side of a
temple
altar area or piece of stone on which gifts are offered or sacrifices are made
a tragedy, a comedy, a parody, a satire

Beginnings of Christianity

12th century

castle large building which was made secure against attack

chivalry system believed in and followed by medieval knights
coat of mail piece of armour made of small metal rings linked together
crusade holy war against the Muslims in Palestine
feudalism system in which people are given land and protection by lords and work and fight for
the lords in return
fief piece of land given to the vassals by their lord, to whom they had a duty to provide particular
services in return
gothic style of architecture
kingdom country or region that is ruled by a king or a queen
knight man, usually noble birth, who served his king or lord in battle, riding a horse and wearing an
armour
merchant/trader person who buys or sells goods in large quantities
mosque building where Muslims go to worship
roman style of architecture
schism division of a religion into two groups as a result of differences in thinking and beliefs
shield large piece of metal or leather which soldiers carried in former times to protect their bodies
from injury while they were fighting
sword long sharp piece of metal for killing people
vassal man who was protected by a lord, to whom he gave military service and from whom he
received lands (the fief) to live on

the Renaissance
the French Revolution

19th century, the industrial revolution